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Journal articles on the topic 'Artificial insemination, Human'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Ardhani, Fikri, Lukman Lukman Lukman, and Firda Juita. "Peran Faktor Peternak dan Inseminator terhadap Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan pada Sapi Potong di Kecamatan Kota Bangun." Jurnal Peternakan Lingkungan Tropis 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jpltrop.v3i1.3701.

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Some of the factors that influence the success of artificial insemination are livestock, semen quality and human (breeders and inseminator). The research aim is to characterize on human factors including the characteristics, knowledge, and skills and its role affecting the success of artificial insemination in the Kota Bangun District. This research was conducted in Kota Bangun District, by interview method in the form of questionnaire to 54 breeders and 3 inseminators. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including; frequency distribution, percentage and Guttman measurements. This research shows that breeder characteristics; age, education and breeding experience, as well as characteristics of inseminator officers; age, education, training and AI experience are high and good in supporting knowledge and skills. The knowledge level of breeders and inseminators about reproduction and AI technology are high so it can affect the success of AI. Farmer’s skill; time of observation lust, the right time for AI and pregnancy detection are high, as wel as inseminator officer skills; recognize the signs of lust, the right time for AI and pregnancy detection are high, so it can affect the success of AI. The success of AI with S/C value of 1,44 and CR of 76% are good and ideal. Thus, the factor of breeder and inseminator officer is high with percentage of 78,4% in the success of artificial insemination in beef cattle in the Kota Bangun District.
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2

Critser, John K., and Jeanne V. Linden. "Therapeutic insemination by donor I: A review of its efficacy." Reproductive Medicine Review 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962279900001022.

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Of all the assisted reproductive technologies in current use, artificial insemination has by far the longest history. While the earliest verifiable reports using this technique date to the eighteenth century for nonhuman artificial insemination and to the nineteenth century for human artificial insemination, systematic use of this approach to assist reproduction did not occur until the early part of this century. During the early 1900s, in Russia, Ivanov developed methods for semen collection from and insemination of horses. These techniques were later modified to apply to other agriculturally important species so that by the 1930s, millions of horses, cattle and sheep were being bred using artificial insemination. The adaptation of widespread use of artificial insemination (primarily in cattle) in agriculture extended to Britain in the early 1940s and to the USA in the 1950s. Corresponding implementation of artificial insemination in human reproductive medicine closely followed these innovations in the animal husbandry field.
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3

Tanwar, Sonia, Khushi Mishra, Bhumika Soni, and Akshat Sharma4. "Artificial Insemination: A Review." International Journal of Recent Research and Review XVI, no. 4 (December 10, 2023): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.62233/ijrrr6.

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After the issue of practical Human insemination and its application to humans was resolved, remarks and worries surfaced that didn't seem appropriate given the significance or frequency of the process. Endoscopic artificial insemination is a sophisticated reproductive method that was first used on small ruminants, in which semen is injected into the uterus using a specialized device. By using endoscopic artificial insemination techniques in place of natural mating methods and Trans cervical artificial insemination techniques for locally produced progeny, this research seeks to boost the mass population of Indonesian indigenous. The conditions of artificial insemination have completely changed as a result of the development of semen storage, particularly with regard to application flexibility and safety. Even if fresh semen is still used, it is now evident that semen preservation will play a significant role in artificial insemination going forward. Increasing the gamete density at the fertilization location is there asoning behind artificial insemination. Alot of procedures might cause a miss formed pregnancy, which could damage the physical entity of the pregnancy from the moment it formed—in the womb or in a test tube—until it was delivered, so one of a pregnancy's rights is tube preserved and protected until the baby is born, and that conception can happen even in the absence of natural spouse contact using techniques like artificial insemination which will accelerate the rate of genetic improvement. & to conceive a woman using a method other than sexual contact by Artificial Insemination.
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4

Hromovchuk, M., and D. Byelov. "Religion and human rights in artificial insemination." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 64 (August 14, 2021): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.64.9.

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It is pointed out that modern man is particularly sensitive to the imposition of any worldview and way of life. The only language in today's world is the language of freedom, even if there is a substitution of this concept and its abuse. The value of freedom is not indifferent to religion. Therefore, the only way to spread the religious worldview in society is not the force of coercion, but the force of gravity. It is noted that the problem of the relationship between bioethics and religion is determined by a number of reasons, both scientific and theoretical, and socio-cultural plan. The current stage of development of scientific thought is characterized by the emergence of a new phenomenon - bioethics. Bioethics is an integrative science that synthesizes knowledge about man, which is already substantiated in medicine, psychology, psychiatry, religious anthropology, philosophical anthropology and others. The moral aspect is the center of bioethics, it is associated with its attitude to all living things, to life as such. Because of this we can talk about the formation of a bioethical worldview as a holistic system of views on the human problem. The beginning of the process of forming a bioethical worldview is closely connected with scientific progress, biomedical practices, and the aggravation of religious problems. The uniqueness of bioethical discourse creates the preconditions for the development of philosophical and methodological ground for the study of bioethical worldview. The methodological significance of the problem is related to the need to rethink the fundamental philosophical problems that relate to demental philosophical problems that relate to the definition of attributive characteristics of man. It is established that the religious problems that arise when using the IVF method are associated with several components: the production of germ cells, the lack of connection between conception and the natural idea of marital intimacy, obtaining an excessive number of embryos and manipulating them (elimination, reduction, freezing) embryos, preimplantation diagnosis), the use of germ cells of third parties. In this case, in vitro fertilization can be morally justified by religion and an acceptable method of infertility therapy for the Orthodox Christian, if it does not kill embryos and does not break the bond "in the flesh" even at the level of gametes.
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5

Pathak, B. "Comparison of single versus double intra uterine insemination." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 12 (November 23, 2017): 5277. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175091.

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Background: Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is the best studied and most widely practised artificial insemination technique. The aim and objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of single and double intrauterine insemination.Methods: This prospective randomized study was carried out in 197 infertile couples. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was carried out by standard ovulation induction protocols. Single intrauterine insemination was applied 36 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection to 101 patients in the first group. Double intrauterine inseminations were carried out in 96 patients to whom the first insemination was done after 24 hours and the repeat insemination was done after 48 hours of hCG injection.Results: In the single IUI group 14 patients conceived with pregnancy rate of 13.86%. In the double IUI group 18 patients conceived with pregnancy rate of 18.75%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as the p is more than 0.05.Conclusions: As double intrauterine insemination does not give better result and it involves more cost and stress to the couple, single intrauterine insemination should be preferable. However, further larger sample size studies are required for confirmation if any significant difference can be achieved between the two approaches.
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6

Curto, J. M., Fabrizzi E. Gonzalez, A. Algarra, M. Tilli, and T. Palamas. "R-039. Homologous artificial insemination in human reproduction." Human Reproduction 12, Suppl_2 (June 1997): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_2.253-b.

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7

Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Herry Agoes Hermadi, Nanik Hidayatik, and Mirni Lamid. "IMPROVING HUMAN RESOURCES FOR FIELD OFFICERS IN ANIMAL HEALTH HANDLING SERVICES AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN PULANG PISAU REGENCY, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN." Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v6i1.2022.229-234.

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The community service at Universitas Airlangga in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan aims to increase the capacity of field officers of Pulang Pisau's Agricultural Service regarding artificial insemination and livestock health management. The method used in achieving these goals is through socialization and training on artificial insemination and handling livestock health. These activities include: counseling and training on artificial insemination techniques and the handling of reproductive disorders and disease management in beef cattle. The results of the community service evaluation show that in general the knowledge of the community service participants has increased compared to before this activity was carried out. This can be seen from the results of the questionnaires that have been filled out by the participants. The number of participants who knew about the types of livestock reproductive disorders and good AI techniques increased from 66.7% to 90.5%. Likewise, the knowledge of participants about the types of animal health disorders and how to properly handle them before the activity was 71.4% and after the activity increased to 95.2%. Key words: field officers, animal health, artificial insemination, Pulang Pisau Regency DAFTAR PUSTAKA Arianti, N., Inggriati, N.W.T., Sarini N.P. (2020). Hubungan antara Karakteristik Inseminator dengan Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan pada Ternak Sapi di Kabupaten Tabanan. Peternakan Tropika, 8: 1-15. Arisandi, R. (2017). Evaluasi Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan di Kecamatan Tombolopao Kabupaten Gowa. [Skripsi]. Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar. Dharmayudha, A.A.G.O., Anthara, M.S., Sukada, I.M., Ardana, I.B.K. (2019). Pelayanan Kesehatan dan Pemberantasan Penyakit Ternak Sapi Bali dalam Mendukung Program Swasembada Daging Sapi di Desa Buruan Blahbatuh Gianyar. Buletin Udayana Mengabdi, 18: 95-98. Badan Pusat Statistik Dinas Pertanian dan Peternakan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. (2018). https://kalteng.bps.go.id/ [diakses pada 24 Februari 2021]. Herawati, T., Anggraeni, A., Praharani, L., Utami, D., Argiris, A. (2012). Peran Inseminator dalam Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan pada Sapi Perah. Informatika Pertanian, 21: 81-88. Labetubun, J., Parera, F., Saiya, S. (2014). Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Inseminasi Buatan pada Sapi Bali di Kabupaten Halmahera Utara. Agrinimal Vol. 4 No. 1 : 22-27.
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8

Ekpenyong Nyong, Akpanika, and Anthony Okon Ben. "Christian Response to Reproductive Technologies: A Case Study of Artificial Insemination." International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Science 3, no. 1 (June 27, 2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0301.110.

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The scientific method of artificial insemination is one of the reproductive technology that came into widespread use some decades ago. With this method, some couples with fertility problems can now have children through artificial insemination; a process where concentrated male semen is introduced into the female reproductive system artificially in the clinic for childbearing. The increasing cases of childlessness, infertility or barrenness among married couples and request from the homosexuals (gay and lesbians) have given rise to high demand for artificial insemination. Today, there are commercial sperm banks that store frozen sperms for sell to those who need them. This artificial method of childbearing has generated serious controversy among theologians, bioethical and Christian scholars. Artificial insemination has indeed given hope to many couples globally whose marriages were threatened due to the problem of barrenness, childlessness or reproductive malfunctioning. The major Christian and ethical concern is that the process is artificial and manipulative rather than being natural. This paper aims to examine the biblical perspective of this phenomenal scientific breakthrough and show whether or not artificial insemination is compatible with the Christian doctrine of marriage and childbearing. The research method adopted is descriptive, using secondary materials from journals, textbooks and websites to elucidate the points. The study reveals that there is no consensuses agreement on the issue of reproductive technology among Christian scholars and the biblical interpretation of some related passages are not explicit on issues of reproductive technology. The study, therefore, recommends a more natural way of treating the issues of infertility, barrenness and childlessness by investigating into the causes of infertility and proffer a curative solution rather than resort into masturbation and commercialization of human sperm and egg.
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9

SUROV, A. I. "NEW MACHINE FOR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF SHEEP." Sheep, goats, woolen business, no. 2 (2022): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2074-0840-2022-2-60-63.

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The article presents data on a rotary machine for artificial insemination of sheep with the function of fixing the head and, separately, the back of the trunk. The machine eliminates the need for capital structures and premises for artificial insemination of sheep, thereby reducing material costs when working with animals. The versatility of the design indicates its versatility, in addition, it is convenient to store and transport, and also helps to reduce the cost of manual labor by more than 2 times. Artificial insemination and other veterinary measures with the use of this machine become more efficient, more convenient and less traumatic. In addition, it reduces the use of human resources from 25% to 60%.
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10

Russi, Lívia dos Santos, Eliane Vianna da Costa-e-Silva, Carmem Estefânia Serra Neto Zúccari, and Caciliana da Silva Recalde. "Human resources in artificial insemination of beef cattle: profile of managers and inseminators." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, no. 7 (July 2010): 1464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010000700010.

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The objective of the present study was to outline the profile of managers and inseminators involved in beef cattle artificial insemination programs to characterize the management processes involved in this activity. Additionally, by interviewing managers and inseminators, it was searched to detect particularities concerned to personal life and work that can be used to evaluate the quality of life of inseminators on farms. The open questions were analyzed by frequency of answer, after being grouped by similarity. Accordingly to the results, managers associate the concept of human resource management to work supervision, mainly, prioritizing technical factors such as professional experience and indexes in the selection processes, although problems in interpersonal relationships have been shown as the main reason for dismissal. In general, education level of the inseminators is not good because most of these workers studied only to the first series of primary school. Inseminators prefer conventional artificial insemination although they recognize that fixed-time artificial insemination can make animal handling on the farm easier. The performance of these workers seems to be determined more by interpersonal relationships than by the salaries.
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11

Kop, Petronella, Madelon van Wely, Annemiek Nap, Ben Willem Mol, Rob Bernardus, Michael De Brucker, Pim Janssens, et al. "The AID study: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of intrauterine insemination in the natural cycle compared with intracervical insemination in the natural cycle." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e026065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026065.

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IntroductionAt present, studies comparing intrauterine insemination in the natural cycle versus intracervical insemination in the natural cycle in women undergoing artificial insemination with donor sperm are scarce.Methods and analysisWe perform a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial among five secondary and tertiary fertility clinics in the Netherlands and one tertiary fertility clinic in Belgium. Women eligible for artificial insemination with donor sperm are included. We perform six cycles of artificial insemination with donor sperm within a time horizon of 8 months comparing intrauterine insemination in the natural cycle with intracervical insemination in the natural cycle. The primary outcome is ongoing pregnancy leading to live birth conceived within eight months after randomisation. Secondary outcomes are clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, multiple pregnancy rate, pregnancy complications (preterm birth, birth weight <2500 g, pregnancy induced hypertension, (pre-) eclampsia, Hemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelets (HELLP)), time to ongoing pregnancy, direct and indirect costs. To demonstrate the non-inferiority of intracervical insemination with a margin of 12%, we need 208 women per arm.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the Academic Medical Centre and from the Dutch Central Committee on research involving human subjects (47330-018-13). The boards of the participating hospitals approved the study. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at international scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT4462
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12

Alkan, Hasan, and Huseyin Erdem. "Effect of progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone + human chorionic gonadotropin treatment on conception rates in repeat breeder cows." Acta Veterinaria Brno 89, no. 4 (2020): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202089040307.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hormonal support on the pregnancy rate in repeat breeder cows. Prostaglandin F2α + Ovsynch oestrus synchronization protocol was applied to the cows. Following the fixed time insemination (day 0), the cows were divided into 4 groups. In Group 1 (n = 42), progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) was placed vaginally at 84 h and removed on the 9th day after the artificial insemination. In Group 2 (n = 40), the cows were administered human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the 7th day. Group 3 (n = 45) was applied a combination of progesterone and hCG. Group 4 (n = 42) was not given any treatment. Blood samples were collected from all cows 4 times on days 3.5, 7, 12, and 18 to evaluate progesterone concentrations. The pregnancy rates were 40.47%, 37.50%, 44.44%, and 30.95% in Group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P > 0.05). In addition, in cows with progesterone concentrations <2 ng/ml on day 3.5, the pregnancy rates were found to be lower than in the cows with progesterone concentrations >2 ng/ml in Group 4 (P < 0.05). Progesterone supplementation in cows with progesterone concentrations < 2 ng/ml appeared to increase pregnancy rates (P < 0.05) in Groups 1 and 3. As a result, post-insemination hormonal applications in the repeat breeder cows did not increase the pregnancy rate. However, it was concluded that determination of progesterone concentrations on day 3.5 following artificial insemination and then hormonal support in the cows with low concentrations would increased the pregnancy rate.
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13

Góngora, Alfredo, José A. Miranda, Enrique Gordillo, and Jacobo Dabbah. "Statistical analysis on Artificial Insemination Human Fertility Centre, Mexico City." International Congress Series 1271 (September 2004): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2004.06.018.

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14

Wolf, D. P. "Artificial insemination and the assisted reproductive technologies in non-human primates." Theriogenology 71, no. 1 (January 2009): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.002.

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15

Palinchak, Mykola, and Myroslava Bielova. "Religion and human rights in artificial insemination: a matter of ratio." Visegrad Journal on Human Rights, no. 3 (August 30, 2023): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.61345/1339-7915.2023.3.1.

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It is pointed out that modern man is particularly sensitive to the imposition of any worldview and way of life. The only language in today’s world is the language of freedom, even if there is a substitution of this concept and its abuse. The value of freedom is not indifferent to religion. Therefore, the only way to spread the religious worldview in society is not the force of coercion, but the force of gravity.It is noted that the problem of the relationship between bioethics and religion is determined by a number of reasons, both scientific and theoretical, and socio-cultural plan. The current stage of development of scientific thought is characterized by the emergence of a new phenomenon – bioethics. Bioethics is an integrative science that synthesizes knowledge about man, which is already substantiated in medicine, psychology, psychiatry, religious anthropology, philosophical anthropology and others. The moral aspect is the center of bioethics, it is associated with its attitude to all living things, to life as such. Because of this we can talk about the formation of a bioethical worldview as a holistic system of views on the human problem. The beginning of the process of forming a bioethical worldview is closely connected with scientific progress, biomedical practices, and the aggravation of religious problems. The uniqueness of bioethical discourse creates the preconditions for the development of philosophical and methodological ground for the study of bioethical worldview. The methodological significance of the problem is related to the need to rethink the fundamental philosophical problems that relate to demental philosophical problems that relate to the definition of attributive characteristics of man.It is established that the religious problems that arise when using the IVF method are associated with several components: the production of germ cells, the lack of connection between conception and the natural idea of marital intimacy, obtaining an excessive number of embryos and manipulating them (elimination, reduction, freezing) embryos, preimplantation diagnosis), the use of germ cells of third parties. In this case, in vitro fertilization can be morally justified by religion and an acceptable method of infertility therapy for the Orthodox Christian, if it does not kill embryos and does not break the bond “in the flesh” even at the level of gametes.
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16

Valiuškaitė, Viktorija, Vidas Raudonis, Rytis Maskeliūnas, Robertas Damaševičius, and Tomas Krilavičius. "Deep Learning Based Evaluation of Spermatozoid Motility for Artificial Insemination." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010072.

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We propose a deep learning method based on the Region Based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) architecture for the evaluation of sperm head motility in human semen videos. The neural network performs the segmentation of sperm heads, while the proposed central coordinate tracking algorithm allows us to calculate the movement speed of sperm heads. We have achieved 91.77% (95% CI, 91.11–92.43%) accuracy of sperm head detection on the VISEM (A Multimodal Video Dataset of Human Spermatozoa) sperm sample video dataset. The mean absolute error (MAE) of sperm head vitality prediction was 2.92 (95% CI, 2.46–3.37), while the Pearson correlation between actual and predicted sperm head vitality was 0.969. The results of the experiments presented below will show the applicability of the proposed method to be used in automated artificial insemination workflow.
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17

KIM, Sang-deug. "Biblical World View and Medical Ethics: on the Reproductive Ethics." Korean Journal of Medical Ethics 2, no. 1 (November 1999): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.35301/ksme.1999.2.1.95.

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The theme of ‘Christianity and medical ethics’ can be studied from various perspectives. However, I will discuss it from a point of biblical world view, focusing on the reproductive ethics. According to the biblical world view, God created the world and the rest of His creatures in it, so the structure of the world is originally good. Creatures can be directed into two ways ; God or idols. As Jesus cured many diseases, curing people using medicine is not contrary to God's will. Especially assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF enable sterile couples to be pregnant. But the Bible says that human life belongs to the sovereignty of God. Children are to be viewed as a divine gift not a narcissistic means of self-definition. From the biblical perspective, sexual differentiation and the place of childbearing within the matrix of monogamous heterosexual marriage is normative. So human cloning, artificial insemination of donor, surrogate mother and other reproductive technologies are regarded as playing God. Human beings are free. But man’s freedom is within God’s law. Assisted reproductive technologies are morally permissible unless they break the order of marriage, family and marital relation. IVF or artificial insemination, using the gametes of a husband and his wife, is morally permissible, for it does not violate this order. But it brings out the problem of moral standing of pre-embryo. For many embryos are made just for one fertilized egg to succeed in becoming implanted on the uterus of woman. Rest of the spare embryos are usually destroyed or experimented for research purposes. From the biblical perspective, the existence of human being begins from the moment of fertilization. Human being itself is imago Dei. That is, a pre-embryo has sufficient moral standing. However, IVF or artificial insemination of a married couple is beneficient to infertile couples. Jesus commands us, "Love your neighbor". If we accept the principle of double effects, it is morally permissible for us as Christians to use assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF or artificial insemination only within the order of marriage and family. Finally, Christian ethics and pastoral caring, though intimately correlated, can be separated and should be so. Pastoral caring is grounded on the grace of God.
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Thorsen, Poul, Birger R. Møller, Lars Halkier-sørensen, Ellis From, and Niels Christian Nielsen. "Survival of chlamydiae in human semen prepared for artificial insemination by donor." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 70, no. 2 (January 1991): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016349109006195.

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19

Bloch, Mark, Andrew Carr, Eva Vasak, Phillip Cunningham, and Don Smith. "The use of human immunodeficiency virus postexposure prophylaxis after successful artificial insemination." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 181, no. 3 (September 1999): 760–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70529-6.

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20

Codd, H. "THE SLIPPERY SLOPE TO SPERM SMUGGLING: PRISONERS, ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS." Medical Law Review 15, no. 2 (May 18, 2007): 220–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwm004.

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21

FERNANDES RODRIGUES, LETÍCIA, and Thiago Rodrigues Fernandes. "O DIREITO SUCESSÓRIO DOS FILHOS HAVIDOS POR INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL HOMÓLOGA PÓS-MORTEM." Revista Científica Semana Acadêmica 9, no. 209 (September 20, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35265/2236-6717-209-9224.

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The present work aims to analyze whether the children conceived after the death of the parent by homologous fertilization have the right to inheritance, seeking to conceptualize the institutes of inheritance law and artificial insemination, analyzing the constitutional principles and the sources of law, so that find the best answer on the topic. The article will be divided into 3 parts. The first will try to explain the succession law (master of the law that regulates the transfer of assets, rights and obligations to the heir after the death of an individual) in the light of Brazilian legislation, explaining the existing Types of Succession. The second part of this article will address Assisted Human Reproduction, pointing out the different conceptions of the concept of family that has undergone significant modification over time. In addition, the second part will also deal with Artificial Insemination, which is an assisted reproduction treatment that expands the possibilities of fertilization of the egg, as well as its divisions. It also points out the principles of Brazilian law applicable to assisted human reproduction. The last part of this work will analyze post mortem artificial insemination and the effects on inheritance law based on legislation, doctrine and principles applicable to the subject, pointing out the three doctrinal currents that emerged with the aim of filling this legislative vacuum. This research is categorized as explanatory, as it aims to identify the factors that determine and contribute to the succession of the post mortem inseminated child, the procedure used in this study will be the bibliographic research.
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22

Kovacek-Stanic, Gordana. "European accomplishments in regulation of the family status of the child conceived by artificial reproduction technologies." Stanovnistvo 53, no. 2 (2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1502001k.

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In this paper, the author analyzes family status of the child conceived by artificial reproduction technologies using the following treatments: homologues artificial insemination, heterologus artificial insemination (artificial insemination by donor), ovum donation, embryo donation and surrogate motherhood. One specific situation of homologues artificial insemination is posthumous insemination, insemination after the death of the husband/partner. This procedure is allowed in, for instance, United Kingdom, but not allowed in France, Switzerland, and Italy. Considering genetics elements in this situation there is no doubt on fatherhood - father is a man whose sperm is used for insemination, regardless of the fact if frozen sperm or frozen embryo is used in the procedure. Nevertheless, until 2008 in United Kingdom, the husband/partner was not considered as legal father, because of the fact that the child was born after his death. Heterologous artificial insemination could be used in three different situations. First, when subjects are spouses or unmarried partners of different sexes. Second, when subjects are spouses or unmarried partners of the same sex and the third if a single woman is an only subject. Most recent procedure is the one in which subjects are spouses or unmarried partners of the same sex, specifically two women. This procedure is allowed in the United Kingdom and Sweden. In these legislatures, there is a rule that the woman who delivers the child is legal mother, and her spouse/partner is a second parent of the child. The most recent procedure of egg donation is a donation of only a part of an egg, mitochondrial DNA. In this case, there are in fact three genetic parents of the child: two genetic mothers and a father. Legally, the child has one mother (the woman who delivers a child) and a father. One of potential outcomes of the recent research is the ability to create human embryo without any male genetic contribution - by transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell from one woman into an enucleated egg of another. In that case, the child would not have genetic father at all. Bearing in mind the new artificial reproduction technologies and their influence to legal rules of establishment of the family status of the child, it could be said that the legal principle of the autonomy of the parties is widened in comparison to material truth. People who wish to be parents become legal parents although they are not generic parents. Sometimes they cannot be genetic parents due to their infertility and sometimes because they are of the same sex. As a result of artificial reproduction technologies, a child could have a genetic link with one of the parents, only with a mother - in the heterologous insemination, only a father - as in egg donation and genetic surrogacy. The child could have genetic link with both of the parents - as in the gestational surrogacy, or it could have no genetic links with his/her legal parents - as in embryo donation. According to some European legislatures, it is possible for the child to have a mother and the other female parent, or a father and the other male parent. Surrogate mother, as well as donors of the genetic material, are not considered as parents. Radical change in social and individual perception of parenthood could accept the fact the child could have more than two parents with different roles (biological - genetic parents, gestational mother, social - legal parents).
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Roshani, Amin, Behrang Ekrami, Hamid Ghasemzadeh-Nava, Vahid Akbarinejad, Homa Mohammadifard, and Amin Zamanpoor. "Comparison of efficiency between two artificial insemination methods using fresh semen in domestic cat (Felis Catus)." Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias 22, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/223811712212023085.

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The objective of this study was to compare pregnancy rates in domestic cats using fresh semen for the bilateral intrauterine insemination (BIUI) method and the novel uterine body insemination (UBI) method. Queens received a single injection of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) (200 IU; IM) to induce ovarian follicular development and, after 83 h, an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (100 IU; IM) for final oocyte maturation and ovulation induction. Thirty-four hours after hCG administration, 3 × 106 fresh spermatozoa were used for insemination by the BIUI (n = 8 queens) or by the UBI (n = 7 queens) techniques respectively. Pregnancy rates were 75.00% (6/8) by BIUI and 42.85% (3/7) by the UBI method. The mean litter size was 3.0 ± 0.86 for the BIUI, and 2.0 ± 1.0 for the UBI method. Spontaneous abortion occurred on day 35 of pregnancy in one queen following the UBI method. Our findings showed that the BIUI of queens with fresh semen resulted in higher pregnancy rates than the novel UBI method; also, acceptable pregnancy rates were achieved following BIUI with fresh semen in the domestic cat.
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Limenih, Beliyu. "Women farmers’ adoption challenges on artificial inseminations service in outskirt of Addis Ababa." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2018): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.006.02.2417.

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The study was conducted in purposively selected Oromia National Regional State aiming at to suggest strategies to better involve women farmers in Artificial Insemination service. Experts from office of livestock and fishery represented the study population. Group discussion were undertaken separately for Women and men farmers. Collected information was analyzed qualitatively and interpreted accordingly. The study found that institutional and cultural barriers hindered many number of women AI (Artificial Insemination) technicians less involved in AI service delivery. Specifically, institutions don’t encourage women applicant to apply on AI, they thought the position is full of hardship and risky for women to give a service basing in rural areas. In addition to that, the service needs some physical fitness and it would be more difficult for women to move long distance caring containers. Moreover, there is animal disease (brucella) that can be easily transmit to human and can cause gynaecological problem for women. Culturally, even if it is not boldly pronounced by the community, there is a feeling of indignity when women provide AI services. On the other hand, the community also ashamed women farmers, if they ask AI service provision. Moreover, culturally women farmers are not allowed to watch inseminations service. So, in order to increase number of women AI technicians: nominating women technicians from local communities (at least grade 8 completed) and animal science graduate, and train more in practical way would made women AI technicians to be more capable. Support women AI technicians to work privately through post payment service for a while, would raise women acceptance by community. In order to increase number of women farmers attendees on training: conduct on farm training, invite women farmers directly for training, organize training between march to May seasons, prepare pictured based training (including production manuals) would change the number of women dairy producer on AI service provision.
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25

Adams, Mark B. "The politics of human heredity in the USSR, 1920–1940." Genome 31, no. 2 (January 15, 1989): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-155.

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After the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, Iurii Filipchenko (in Petrograd) and Nikolai Koltsov (in Moscow) created centers of genetic research where eugenics prospered as a socially relevant part of the new "experimental" biology. The Russian Eugenics Society, established in 1920, was dominated by research-oriented professionals. However, Bolshevik activists in the movement tried to translate eugenics into social policies (among them, sterilization) and in 1929, Marxist geneticist Alexander Serebrovsky was stimulated by the forthcoming Five-Year Plan to urge a massive eugenic program of human artificial insemination. With the advent of Stalinism, such attempts to "biologize" social phenomena became ideologically untenable and the society was abolished in 1930. Three years later, however, a number of eugenicists reassembled in the world's first institute of medical genetics, created by Bolshevik physician Solomon Levit after his return from a postdoctoral year in Texas with H. J. Muller. Muller himself moved to the Soviet Union in 1933, where he agitated for eugenics and wrote Stalin in 1936 to urge an artificial insemination program. Shortly thereafter, Muller left Russia, several of his colleagues were shot, and the Institute of Medical Genetics was disbanded. During the next three decades, Lysenkoists regularly invoked the Soviet eugenic legacy to claim that genetics itself was fascist.Key words: Russia, eugenics, human genetics, medical genetics, Lysenkoism, history, politics.
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Mayer, Kenneth H. "RISKS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TRANSMISSION FROM ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION FROM AN INFECTED DONOR." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 18, no. 3 (March 1999): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199903000-00027.

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MAKINO, AIKO, TAKESHI SATO, YUKIO HATTORI, CHIEKO SAITO, MAYUMI SUGIURA-OGASAWARA, CHIYO SAITO, and YOICHI SHINTANI. "Successful pregnancy after artificial insemination in a case of human seminal plasma allergy." Reproductive Medicine and Biology 7, no. 3 (August 3, 2008): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0578.2008.00208.x.

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28

Kpassi, Seme, Pitala Were, Djagba Atouga Yembliman, Coulibaly Fatoumata, Alawi koudoua Piklewe, Assih Essoro, and Kotoe Mensah Delako. "MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF LOCAL BOVINE FEMALES INSEMINATED IN SOUTH TOGO." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 05 (May 31, 2022): 1239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14840.

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Cows milk plays a key role in livestock systems and in human nutrition. The study consisted of determining the milk productivity of twenty-two (22) cows subjected to artificial insemination for the purpose of genetic improvement of milk. The methodology used is the measurement of milk per day per cow as of the second week of delivery at a frequency of ten (10) days during six (06) months. The results of this study yielded an average milk productivity of 0.7 ± 0.1 liters over the six (06) months of collection. No significant difference (p> 0.05) in milk productivity was observed in relation to the group of cattle studied, the site of establishment of the farms and the lactation rank. In conclusion, this research will serve as a basis for assessing the milk productivity of Metis resulting from artificial insemination.
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Walker, R. S., P. D. Burns, T. E. Engle, G. E. Sides, and D. D. Zalesky. "Effects of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Administration on Artificial Insemination Pregnancy Rates in Beef Heifers." Professional Animal Scientist 21, no. 5 (October 2005): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31233-x.

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30

Besbaci, M., A. Abdelli, J. J. Minviel, I. Belabdi, R. Kaidi, and D. Raboisson. "Association of pregnancy per artificial insemination with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin administered during the luteal phase after artificial insemination in dairy cows: A meta-analysis." Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 2 (February 2020): 2006–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16439.

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31

Pellett, Philip E., Thomas J. Spira, Omar Bagasra, Chris Boshoff, Lawrence Corey, Laura de Lellis, Meei-Li Huang, et al. "Multicenter Comparison of PCR Assays for Detection of Human Herpesvirus 8 DNA in Semen." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 5 (1999): 1298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.5.1298-1301.1999.

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Reported prevalences of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) in semen have ranged widely. This is possibly due to differences in assay sensitivity, geographic or population-based differences in the true presence of the virus in semen, and PCR contamination. This study assessed interlaboratory sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of blinded experimental panels, each consisting of 48 specimens and being composed of semen specimens from different healthy artificial-insemination donors (n = 30) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (n = 7) plus positive (n = 4) and negative (n = 7) controls. The experimental panels analyzed in each laboratory were identical except for being independently coded. Of 10 experiments done in five laboratories, 5 experiments from three laboratories had evidence of PCR contamination; all instances of contamination were in the context of nested PCR procedures. In the experiments with no false-positive results, HHV-8 DNA was detected in three (8%) of the 37 semen specimens (two from artificial-insemination donors and one from an HIV-positive patient) but in only 3 (1.6%) of the 184 PCRs in which these specimens were analyzed. This suggests that HHV-8 DNA is present in semen at concentrations that can be too low to allow its consistent detection. This study emphasizes the importance of performing blinded, multi-institution experiments to provide a coherent basis for comparing results and to motivate standardization of methods.
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Sánchez, J. M., F. Randi, C. Passaro, D. J. Mathew, S. T. Butler, and P. Lonergan. "Effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration 2 days after insemination on progesterone concentration and pregnancy per artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Science 101, no. 7 (July 2018): 6556–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-14058.

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33

Seidel, George E. "Translating Basic Research to Animal Agriculture." Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 10, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-062521-090427.

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Procedures to maintain viability of mammalian gametes and embryos in vitro, including cryopreservation, have been exceedingly valuable for my research over the past 55 years. Keeping sperm viable in vitro enables artificial insemination, which, when combined with selective breeding, often is the most effective approach to making rapid genetic change in a population. Superovulation and embryo transfer constitute a parallel approach for amplifying reproduction of female mammals. More recent developments include sexing of semen, in vitro fertilization, cloning by nuclear transfer, and genetic modification of germline cells, tools that are enabled by artificial insemination and/or embryo transfer for implementation. I have been fortunate in being able to contribute to the development of many of the above techniques, and to use them for research and applications for improving animal agriculture. Others have built on this work to circumvent human infertility, assist reproduction of companion animals, and rescue endangered species. It also has been a privilege to teach, mentor, and be mentored in this area. Resulting worldwide friendships have enriched me personally and professionally.
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34

Arni, Caroline. "Menschen machen aus Akt und Substanz. Prokreation und Vaterschaft im reproduktions - medizinischen und im literarischen Experiment." Gesnerus 65, no. 3-4 (November 11, 2008): 196–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0650304003.

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As an experimental medical practice artificial insemination in humans dates back to the end of the 18th century. Efforts intensified in the second half of the 19th century, when, especially in France, the number of reports in scientific publications increased and the topic became the subject of heated debates. I trace this emergence of reproductive medicine avant la lettre by reviewing the relevant medical publications. Hereby, I focus on how experiments in artificial insemination presupposed a new conceptualisation of procreation which detaches procreation from the doings of human actors by reducing it to the fusion of germ cells. This “biologisation” of pro creation entailed a series of irritations with regard to the determination of “natural” paternity and the impact and relevance of the procreative act’s nature. These irritations are dealt with in a novel that appears in Paris in 1884, entitled The Man-Maker.This novel thus attests to the cultural uncertainties that went along with the emergence of what laid the epistemological ground for the reproductive medicine to come.
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Lim, Hyun-Joo, Ji Hwan Lee, Hyun Jong Kim, Min Su Kim, Tae Il Kim, and Soo Bong Park. "Effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin injection after artificial insemination on pregnancy establishment in dairy cattle." Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology 33, no. 3 (September 29, 2018): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12750/jet.2018.33.3.149.

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36

Sharma, Akriti, Ayaz Z. Ansari, Radhika Kakulavarapu, Mette H. Stensen, Michael A. Riegler, and Hugo L. Hammer. "Predicting Cell Cleavage Timings from Time-Lapse Videos of Human Embryos." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 7, no. 2 (May 9, 2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020091.

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Assisted reproductive technology is used for treating infertility, and its success relies on the quality and viability of embryos chosen for uterine transfer. Currently, embryologists manually assess embryo development, including the time duration between the cell cleavages. This paper introduces a machine learning methodology for automating the computations for the start of cell cleavage stages, in hours post insemination, in time-lapse videos. The methodology detects embryo cells in video frames and predicts the frame with the onset of the cell cleavage stage. Next, the methodology reads hours post insemination from the frame using optical character recognition. Unlike traditional embryo cell detection techniques, our suggested approach eliminates the need for extra image processing tasks such as locating embryos or removing extracellular material (fragmentation). The methodology accurately predicts cell cleavage stages up to five cells. The methodology was also able to detect the morphological structures of later cell cleavage stages, such as morula and blastocyst. It takes about one minute for the methodology to annotate the times of all the cell cleavages in a time-lapse video.
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37

Irfaningrum, Diah, Agus Sholahuddin, and Kridawati Sadhana. "Study of Management and Public Information Services (Implementation of Regulations on Information Management and Services in Singosari, Indonesia)." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering 08, no. 09 (2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31695/ijasre.2022.8.9.2.

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This study was conducted to describe and analyze the Management and Public Information Services in the Efforts of Public Information Disclosure. The advantages of research as input, criticism, and evaluation, foster an open culture conducive to good governance. The research method employed is qualitative. According to the concept of George C. Edward III, the theoretical approach analyses four elements that determine the success or failure of a policy's implementation: resources, communication, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The discussion focuses on Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center implementation of public information management and services, as well as the limits and mechanisms governing the provision of public information services. This research reveals that the Senior Manager of Information and Documentation of Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center does not have a uniform grasp of Management and Public Information Services. This is due to the inefficient internal communication of the Senior Manager of Information and Documentation the lack of socialization, and the Senior Manager of Information and Documentation different backgrounds. The signature of a commitment to public information disclosure and budget allocations to assist Senior Manager of Information and Documentation operations in 2021 demonstrates the leadership's role disposition. Integration of SNIISO 37001:2016 and SNI ISO 9001:2015 contains a reference to the SOP for Management of Public Information Services. From the research, it can be concluded that the factors contributing to the success of the management and public information services of Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center are adequate infrastructure resources, disposition via support and bureaucratic structure, clarity and conformity of service standard operating procedures, and implementation. Communication is the factor that hinders the success of policy implementation. Therefore, communication and coordination across Senior Manager of Information and Documentation are required, as well as an increase in human resource capability (HR).
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38

Dahlen, C. R., S. L. Bird, C. A. Martel, KC Olson, J. S. Stevenson, and G. C. Lamb. "Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin 7 days after fixed-time artificial insemination of suckled beef cows1." Journal of Animal Science 88, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 2337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2596.

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39

Stewart, G. J., A. L. Cunningham, G. L. Driscoll, J. P. P. Tyler, J. A. Barr, J. Gold, and B. J. Lamont. "TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE III (HTLV-III) BY ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION BY DONOR." Lancet 326, no. 8455 (September 1985): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(85)90585-9.

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40

Benoff, S. H., B. Napolitano, C. Millan, and G. M. Centola. "Human sperm mannose receptor (MR) expression correlates with pregnancy by artificial insemination (AI) or by coitus." Fertility and Sterility 76, no. 3 (September 2001): S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(01)02290-7.

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41

Tjiam, K. H., B. Y. van Heijst, A. A. Polak-Vogelzang, P. H. Rothbarth, T. van Joost, E. Stolz, and M. F. Michel. "Sexually communicable micro-organisms in human semen samples to be used for artificial insemination by donor." Sexually Transmitted Infections 63, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.63.2.116.

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42

Bromfield, John J. "A role for seminal plasma in modulating pregnancy outcomes in domestic species." Reproduction 152, no. 6 (December 2016): R223—R232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-16-0313.

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Seminal plasma is a complex fluid produced by the accessory glands of the male reproductive tract. Seminal plasma acts primarily as a transport medium for sperm on its arduous journey through the male and then female reproductive tract following ejaculation. This spermatozoan expedition will hopefully result in the meeting of and resultant fertilization of an oocyte, perpetuating the genetic lineage of both sexes. Whereas seminal plasma has historically been perceived as only a transport medium providing a nutrient-rich fluid environment for sperm during this exchange of genetic material, new insights into a complex communication pathway between males and females has been unraveled in the past 30 years. This new research suggests seminal plasma as a method to promote early pregnancy success by modulating cellular and molecular adaptions of the maternal environment required to facilitate healthy, successful pregnancy outcomes. Whereas much work on this exciting new communication process has focused on mice and translation to human reproduction, here we review the current evidence in domestic species where artificial insemination in the absence of seminal plasma is routine. Improving artificial insemination in domestic species to optimize offspring health and productivity could have far-reaching impacts on agriculturally relevant species such as cattle, sheep, pigs and horses.
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Roncoletta, Marcelo, Helen Alves Penha, Erika da Silva Carvalho Morani, and Fernando Sebastián Balbi Rey. "Effect of galectin-1 administration on pregnancy rate and its economic viability in TAI procedures in beef cattle." Quaestum 2 (December 21, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22167/2675-441x-20210573.

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The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the reproductive efficacy and the economic impact of a complementary tool to the TAI (timed artificial insemination) protocols - the administration of a single dose of recombinant human galectin-1 (rHGAL1) during the insemination procedure. GAL-1 can be considered as a modulator of the pregnancy development process. Reproductive efficacy was verified through the pregnancy rate in the first service, by ultrasonography (at 28-35 days) in contemporary groups (YG) of cows subdivided into 02 experimental groups (Control Group, composed of cows inseminated in a conventional and Treated group, composed of cows inseminated with rHGAL-1 administration following the deposition of the semen dose). Ninety YG were formed, grouping cows under identical conditions (inseminator, farm/lot, breed, animal category, semen/bull variables). The experiment was conducted in 15 farms, with 3,125 cows (Nellore and crossbred), all multiparous and with calf at foot (from 60 to 100 days old) and who maintained a body score (BSC) between 3.5 and 2.5 in the act of the TAI protocol and in the pregnancy diagnosis. It was demonstrated, by the proposed statistical method, that the “rHGAl-1 dose” effect was significant, increasing the probability of obtaining pregnancy by 8.38 percentage points (p < 0.0001). Based on the construction of a hypothetical model, the economic profitability that can be obtained were compared. Using the average increase obtained by 8.38 percentage points more in the pregnancy rate, it was possible to increase productivity, adding, almost U$ 2 thousand to profitability for each 100 cows worked.
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Morani, Erika da Silva Carvalho, Helen Alves Penha, Fernando Sebastián Baldi Rey, and Marcelo Roncoletta. "Effect of a Single Intrauterine Dose of Human Recombinant Galectin-1 Buffered on Pregnancy Rate in Inseminated Cows." Biomolecules 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12030419.

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The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of exogenous galectin-1 in improving the pregnancy rate in inseminated cows, comparing the pregnancy rate of the two groups (treatment and control Groups) into 107 contemporary groups (YG) established. An ultrasound exam determined the pregnancy rate performed 25 to 35 days after the fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) of breeding beef cows (n = 3469). The pregnancy rate of cows that received a single dose of eGAL-1 (200 ± 10 µg), with an intrauterine administration (n = 1901), was compared with the pregnancy rate of cows inseminated using a conventional AI protocol (n = 1568), both comparing into the same YG. YGs were created considering the grouping of cows belonging to the same farm, with the same nutritional score and management, inseminated by the same inseminator and semen batch, and using the same estrus synchronization protocol). The statistical method used calculated the probability of obtaining pregnancy within each group. The administration of a single dose of eGAL-1 can increase the probability of obtaining pregnancy in beef cows by up to 8.68% (p < 0.0001), suggesting that a single dose of eGAL-1 during the FTAI procedure was reasonable in the beef cattle AI routine and can improve the pregnancy rate considerably.
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GN, Purohit. "Reproductive Biotechnologies in Indian Cattle." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 3, no. 1 (2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000149.

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In recent years there have been immense improvements in application of reproductive biotechnologies in ca ttle and include artificial insemination, embryo transfer, ovum pick up and in vitro fertilization, semen sexing, cloning, transgenics and xenotransplantation. The purpose of these technologies had been improvement of the genetics of animals or producing a nimals of benefit to human beings. The application of these technologies in indigenous dairy cows of India had been slow. This manuscript describes the status of some of the reproductive biotechnologies as applied to Indian breeds of cows.
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46

Moffat, Amber. "Breast augmentation and artificial insemination: Monstrous medicine and the female body in recent fiction." Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajpc_00057_1.

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Recent fiction that depicts medical intervention upon the female body as monstrous reveals societal anxiety around aesthetic and reproductive medicine. As biotechnology rapidly advances, the female body continues to be a site on which improvements, efficiencies and controls are imposed. While Kristeva’s abject and Creed’s ‘monstrous-feminine’ explain the capacity of the female body to imbue horror, this literary analysis explores how the experience of the medicalized female body can convey anxiety relating to escalating aesthetic and reproductive demands. Works of fiction by Kawakami, Mazza, Hortle, Booth, Giddings, Gildfind and Taylor are considered in terms of medicine and the female body, with the narratives revealing common themes of monstrosity. Bakhtin’s grotesque and Kristeva’s abject informs the analysis, as does Foucault’s concept of the ‘medical gaze’. Bartky’s ‘fashion-beauty complex’ frames the investigation into depictions of cosmetic surgery, while the impact of capitalism is considered in relation to reproductive technologies and medical experimentation. The power structures that medicine operates within are considered and the article argues that the representation of medicine as monstrous in relation to the female body expresses collective unease about the increasingly unstable boundaries of the human body itself.
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Cojkic, Aleksandar, and Jane M. Morrell. "Animal Welfare Assessment Protocols for Bulls in Artificial Insemination Centers: Requirements, Principles, and Criteria." Animals 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2023): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13050942.

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Animal welfare is a complex subject; as such, it requires a multidimensional approach with the main aim of providing the animals with the “five freedoms”. The violations of any one of these freedoms could have an influence on animal wellbeing on different levels. Over the years, many welfare quality protocols were developed in the EU thanks to the Welfare Quality® project. Unfortunately, there is a lack of such summarized information about bull welfare assessment in artificial insemination stations or about how disturbed welfare can be reflected in their productivity. Animal reproduction is the basis for the production of meat and milk; therefore, factors contributing to reduced fertility in bulls are not only indicators of animal welfare but also have implications for human health and the environment. Optimizing the reproductive efficiency of bulls at an early age can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this review, welfare quality assessment will be evaluated for these production animals using reproduction efficiency as a key area, focusing on stress as a main effect of poor animal welfare and, thereby, reduced fertility. We will address various welfare aspects and possible changes in resources or management to improve outcomes.
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Umar Paputungan, Lentji Rinny Ngangi, and Wapsiaty Utiah. "Factors affecting calf parturition of the Ongole grade beef heifers." Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjls.2022.3.2.0052.

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Serious economic losses due to calf or heifer increasing mortality during parturition, the normal calving period without human interference was urgently needed. The most important internal factor influencing calving difficulty was Calf birth weight (CBW). Other external factors considered to contribute calving difficulty were heifer live weight (HLW), heifer body length (HBL), and heifer chest girth (HCG), calf parturition durability (CPD) representing linear CBW. Objective of this study was to estimate above factor mostly affecting calving difficulty of Ongole Grade heifers mated by artificial insemination method. Study was involving 126 Ongole Grade heifers at the artificial insemination center of North Sulawesi province, Indonesia. Data on HLW, HBL, HCG, CPD and CBW were collected from 126 heifers at ages of two to three years old. All linear body measurements were included as independent variables in multiple regression equation affecting dependent variable of CBW in the models using statistical datasheet of Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results showed that HCG, HBL and CPD as independent variables can be recommended to predict CBW representing internal factor of Ongole Grade heifers in the multiple regression model as follows: Calf birth weight (Y in kg) = 26.871 + 0.0033 heifer body length (X1 in cm) – 00.0255 heifer chest girth (X2 in cm) + 0.032 calf parturition durability (X3 in minute) with determination coefficient (R2) of 0.91.
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49

Rodger, JC. "Prospects for the Artificial Manipulation of Marsupial Reproduction and Its Application in Research and Conservation." Australian Journal of Zoology 37, no. 3 (1989): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9890249.

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Techniques to manipulate reproduction and productivity are well established features of the husbandry of domestic animals and the treatment of human infertility. Similar approaches are feasible in marsupials, but little work has been done to apply our considerable basic knowledge of marsupial reproduction to produce practical artificial breeding. If the reproduction and productivity of marsupials could be more effectively controlled it would greatly aid research and profoundly change both current practice in the management of zoo animals, and the strategies employed for the breeding and conservation of rare or endangered species. The present paper sets out the likely agenda, reports progress to date and discusses short and long-term prospects for the artificial breeding of marsupials. Topics discussed include: induced ovulation and superovulation, oocyte and embryo collection, semen collection and the frozen storage of sperm, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, frozen storage of embryos, and the use of surrogate mothers in supporting both pregnancy to term, and the development of young in the pouch.
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50

Besbaci, Mohamed Mohamed, A. Abdelli, I. Belabdi, A. Benabdelaziz, R. Khelili, M. Mebarki, and R. Kaidi. "Effects of GnRH or hCG on day 11 after artificial insemination in cows luteal activity." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 69, no. 4 (February 5, 2019): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.16128.

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In order to optimize luteal function by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) or gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) on day 11 after artificial insemination (AI). 33 cows synchronized by the Ovsynch and divided into 3 groups according to the type of treatment: 1) hCG (1500 IU, n=11); 2) GnRH (100 µg, n=11); and 3) control (2 mL of saline, n=11). Blood samples were collected from all animals every 3 days from day 5 to day 23 to determine progesterone concentration. Ultrasonography was used to monitor the luteal surface structures at the time of blood sample collection. An accessory corpus luteum (CL) formed in 63.63% of cows treated with GnRH and with hCG, resulting in an increase in the total luteal tissue area compared with the controls. Thus, the volume of the principal CL was increased by hCG but tended to be similar to GnRH compared with the controls. Additionally, compared with the control group, hCG-treated and GnRH-treated cows had increased progesterone concentrations (p<0.0001). Among the hCG-treated cows, their progesterone concentration increased compared with GnRH-treated cows.
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