Journal articles: 'Artificial lakes and natural lakes'

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Miranda, L. E., L. A. Bull, M. E. Colvin, W. D. Hubbard, and L. L. Pugh. "Segmentation of Mississippi’s natural and artificial lakes." Lake and Reservoir Management 34, no. 4 (September 20, 2018): 376–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2018.1481469.

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Stephansen, Diana A., Carlos A. Arias, Hans Brix, Morten L. Fejerskov, and Asbjørn H. Nielsen. "Relationship between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments and Invertebrates of Natural and Artificial Stormwater Retention Ponds." Water 12, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12072020.

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Sediments and invertebrates were sampled from 9 stormwater retention ponds (SWRPs) and 11 natural, shallow lakes in Denmark. Samples were analyzed for 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The SWRPs received urban and highway runoff from various types of drainage areas and the lakes were located in areas of various land uses. Comparing PAHs in the sediments of the SWRPs and the lakes, it was found that levels of total PAH were similar in the two aquatic systems, with median values of 0.94 and 0.63 mg·(kg·DM)−1 in sediments of SWRPs and lakes, respectively. However, the SWRP sediments tended to have higher concentrations of high-molecular-weight PAHs than the lakes. A similar pattern was seen for PAHs accumulated in invertebrates where the median of total PAH was 2.8 and 2.1 mg·(kg·DM)−1 for SWRPs and lakes, respectively. Principal component analysis on the PAH distribution in the sediments and invertebrates showed that ponds receiving highway runoff clustered with lakes in forests and farmland. The same was the case for some of the ponds receiving runoff from residential areas. Overall, results showed that sediment PAH levels in all SWRPs receiving runoff from highways were similar to the levels found in some of the investigated natural, shallow lakes, as were the sediment PAH levels from some of the residential SWRPs. Furthermore, there was no systematic trend that one type of water body exceeded environmental quality standards (EQS) values more often than others. Together this indicates that at least some SWRPs can sustain an invertebrate ecosystem without the organisms experiencing higher bioaccumulation of PAHs then what is the case in shallow lakes of the same region.

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Chang, Jie Christine, Craig Woodward, and James Shulmeister. "A snapshot of the limnology of eastern Australian water bodies spanning the tropics to Tasmania: the land-use, climate, limnology nexus." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 10 (2014): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13265.

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The present study investigates 45 natural and artificial water bodies extending across the whole of eastern Australia from the tropics to Tasmania. A broad variety of physio-chemical, land-use and climatic parameters were measured. Reservoirs and other artificial water bodies responded to stressors in their catchments in a similar fashion to natural lakes, but tended to be less nutrient rich, possibly because of shorter residence times and active management. Salinity and pH were strongly correlated in the dataset. Bedrock had a strong influence on pH in freshwater lakes, whereas all highly saline lakes were alkaline, irrespective of bedrock. High concentrations of anions in saline lakes precluded the existence of acid conditions by binding available hydrogen ions. Almost all lakes fell on salinity axes that indicated marine origin for their salts. An assessment of the total nitrogen to total phosphorus molar ratios from the lakes in the present dataset indicated that productivity in Australian lakes could be limited by both nitrogen and phosphorus. Future research using macro-nutrient enrichment experiments should be pursued to confirm this preliminary observation. There was a strong positive correlation between regional aridity and lake eutrophication. This is typical of semi-arid and seasonally arid environments and reflects the concentration of nutrients owing to evaporative flux in shallow basins with high residence times.

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Ptak, Mariusz. "RECONSTRUCTION OF NON-EXISTENT BATHYMETRY LAKES KROKOWO." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego / Inżynieria Środowiska 171, no. 51 (October 15, 2018): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8356.

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Intensive land reclamation works carried out a few centuries ago in Poland contributed to a significant impoverishment of the hydrographic network. Currently, more and more often there are problems related to water deficit and implementation of a programme aimed at expansion of retention, e.g. through the construction of artificial reservoirs or damming of natural jellies. In this work, the morphometry of the non-existent Krokowo Lake was reconstructed. It was established that as a result of the anthropopressure impact, the body of water of the area 58.0 ha and capacity of 2.6 millions m3 disappeared. In the light of the increased retention capacity in Poland, the restoration of natural lakes seems to be an interesting approach. Renaturalisation of these environmental elements in the context of improving the water balance components seems more justified than the creation of new (artificial) components.

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Dawood, Alaa, Yousif Kalaf, Nagham Abdulateef, and Mohammed Falih. "Investigation of surface area of lakes and marshes from satellite images by using remote sensing and geographic information system integration in Iraq." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816203016.

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Water level and distribution is very essential in almost all life aspects. Natural and artificial lakes represent a large percentage of these water bodies in Iraq. In this research the changes in water levels are observed by calculating the areas of five different lakes in five different regions and two different marshes in two different regions of the country, in a period of 12 years (2001 - 2012), archived remotely sensed images were used to determine surface areas around lakes and marshes in Iraq for the chosen years . Level of the lakes corresponding to satellite determined surface areas were retrieved from remotely sensed data .These data were collected to give explanations on lake level and surface area fluctuations. It is important to determine these areas at different water levels to know areas which are being flooded in addition to the total area inundated .The behavior of hydrological regime of these lakes during the period was assessed using an integration of remote sensing and GIS techniques which found that the total surface area of the lakes had diminished and their water volumes reduced. The study further revealed that the levels of the lakes surfaces had lowered through these years.

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Pittaway, Pamela A., and Tania R. van den Ancker. "Properties of natural microlayers on Australian freshwater storages and their potential to interact with artificial monolayers." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 10 (2010): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09159.

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Microlayers are natural surface films derived from hydrophobic organic compounds that form on most lakes and streams. Holarctic brown-water lakes have been most commonly studied, with Australian research limited to marine microlayers. Artificial monolayers based on long-chain fatty alcohols have been applied to freshwater storages to reduce evaporative loss. As a water conservation strategy, monolayer technology was not widely adopted because of variable field performance. However, the role of natural microlayers in reducing monolayer performance has not previously been investigated. In the present study, microlayer and subsurface samples from six water storages in Queensland were characterised for water-quality indices, including biochemical oxygen demand, permanganate index and ultraviolet light absorbance. Microlayer enrichment in south-eastern Queensland is comparable to or higher than that in holarctic lakes. The results indicated that microlayer compounds have the potential to disrupt monolayers in at least the following three ways: as substrates for microbes capable of degrading monolayer compounds, as chromophores accelerating photodegradation, and as impurities disrupting the molecular packing required to reduce evaporative loss. The knowledge gained from studying natural microlayers can also be used to benchmark novel monolayer compounds, to minimise their environmental impact on freshwater ecosystems.

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Cantonati, Poikane, Pringle, Stevens, Turak, Heino, Richardson, et al. "Characteristics, Main Impacts, and Stewardship of Natural and Artificial Freshwater Environments: Consequences for Biodiversity Conservation." Water 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010260.

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In this overview (introductory article to a special issue including 14 papers), we consider all main types of natural and artificial inland freshwater habitas (fwh). For each type, we identify the main biodiversity patterns and ecological features, human impacts on the system and environmental issues, and discuss ways to use this information to improve stewardship. Examples of selected key biodiversity/ecological features (habitat type): narrow endemics, sensitive (groundwater and GDEs); crenobionts, LIHRes (springs); unidirectional flow, nutrient spiraling (streams); naturally turbid, floodplains, large-bodied species (large rivers); depth-variation in benthic communities (lakes); endemism and diversity (ancient lakes); threatened, sensitive species (oxbow lakes, SWE); diverse, reduced littoral (reservoirs); cold-adapted species (Boreal and Arctic fwh); endemism, depauperate (Antarctic fwh); flood pulse, intermittent wetlands, biggest river basins (tropical fwh); variable hydrologic regime—periods of drying, flash floods (arid-climate fwh). Selected impacts: eutrophication and other pollution, hydrologic modifications, overexploitation, habitat destruction, invasive species, salinization. Climate change is a threat multiplier, and it is important to quantify resistance, resilience, and recovery to assess the strategic role of the different types of freshwater ecosystems and their value for biodiversity conservation. Effective conservation solutions are dependent on an understanding of connectivity between different freshwater ecosystems (including related terrestrial, coastal and marine systems).

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Takasaki, Mitsuru, Atsuhisa Sato, Mitsumasa Okada, and Ryuichi Sudo. "A study on dissolved oxygen budgets in natural and artificial lakes." Ecological Modelling 31, no. 1-4 (May 1986): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(86)90069-4.

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Montgomery, Shelagh, Marc Lucotte, Pierre Pichet, and Alfonso Mucci. "Total dissolved mercury in the water column of several natural and artificial aquatic systems of Northern Quebec (Canada)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 2483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-839.

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Total dissolved mercury concentrations in the water column of the La Grande-2 and Laforge-1 hydroelectric reservoirs and four neighbouring lakes near James Bay, northern Quebec, were measured to establish the impacts of extensive flooding of terrestrial environments on this potential vector of contamination to the aquatic biota. During three field visits between June and October 1993, while the sites were free from ice cover and the water column was not strongly stratified, filtered water samples were collected from multiple depths at various locations within both reservoirs and the four lakes. To compare the diverse subenvironments within the reservoir systems, sampling sites were selected to represent differences in (i) type of flooded soil, (ii) impoundment history, and (iii) water depth. At all stations total dissolved mercury concentrations were nearly constant, with an average value of 2.30 ng∙L−1 and a standard error of 0.04 ng∙L−1. Furthermore, reservoir concentrations were not statistically different from those of the lakes. Hence, we propose that the dissolved component in the water column does not play a significant role in the transfer of inorganic mercury to the aquatic food chain in recently developed hydroelectric reservoirs.

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Schneider, Y., S. Grube, and M. Weilandt. "Determination and evaluation of the phosphorus load of an artificial shallow lake." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 10 (November 1, 2008): 1993–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.747.

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Enhanced eutrophication of lakes due to high nutrient loads from anthropogenic sources has become a worldwide problem. Dying ecosystems and limitation of uses are the consequences. In Bochum, Germany, Lake Ümminger is an integral part of a recreation area, but also receives high nutrient loads from the local sewer system, as could be shown with the help of water and nutrient balances. Mass algae growth, the dying of fish and production of digestion gas implied a demand to rehabilitate the lake. Primarily, the urgency and sanitation potential as well as the applicability of external and internal enhancement measures had to be evaluated. The trophic classification needed was based upon the German guideline for the classification of the water quality of natural lakes according to trophic criteria, mainly using Vollenweider's eutrophication model. This paper focuses on a description and analysis of the problems that arose during the application of this model to Lake Ümminger, stating that shallow, artificial lakes cannot be evaluated correctly with the existing methods. Although some suggestions for further improvement are given, the development of new evaluation criteria was not in the scope of the study presented.

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AbdulMuhsin, Zahraa A. "Investigation of the Natural Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in the cyprinus carpio fishes breeding in artificial lakes of Baghdad governorate." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 14, no. 31 (January 13, 2019): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v14i31.177.

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The steady consumption of fish led many researchers to study it preferences over other foods, especially for radioactivity content. The specific activity concentration (S.A) of natural occurring radioactive materials (NORM) have been measured for Cyprinus carpio fishes collected from several industrial fishes' lakes located in Baghdad governorate using gamma spectroscopy doped with high purity germanium coaxial detector (HPGe). Thirteen fishes' samples were collected from industrial lakes, three samples were collected from cages, and two samples were collected from Trigger River. The last two types of samples were collected in order to compare the results with it. The measured overall averages of S.A for Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 were 58.9 Bq/kg, 14.1 Bq/kg, and 388.6 Bq/kg, respectively. Some radiation health hazard indices have been estimated, such as the annual effective ingestion dose for an adult member of the public due to the intake of radionuclide through ingestion of fish (H). The results of H showed that the cage fish is better than river fishes and lakes fishes. However, the results of S.A and H strongly suggested that the studied fish is safe to use for human consumption from radiological point of view.

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Qin, Haiming, Xinyi Cao, Lanyue Cui, Qian Lv, and Tingtao Chen. "The Influence of Human Interference on Zooplankton and Fungal Diversity in Poyang Lake Watershed in China." Diversity 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12080296.

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The Poyang water system in Jiangxi Province, China, is important for floodwater storage, diversity maintenance, and the economy of the Poyang Lake watershed. In recent years, pollution has destroyed the ecosystem and impacted human health and the related economy. The water quality of the Poyang Lake watershed and the impact of human interference must be assessed. Conventional analysis and high-throughput sequencing were used to evaluate the structure of both zooplankton and fungi in six sub-lakes of the Poyang Lake watershed under different anthropogenic influences. The sub-lakes included were Dahuchi Lake (in natural preserve, DHC), Shahu Lake (in natural reserve, SH), Nanhu Lake (out of natural preserve, NH), Zhelinhu Lake (artificial reservoir, ZLH), Sixiahu Lake (agricultural lake artificially isolated from Poyang Lake, SXH), and Qianhu Lake (urban lake, QH). The densities and biomass of the zooplankton in DHC, SH, NH were higher compared with those in SXH, ZLH and QH (p < 0.05). Zooplankton distribution of SXH was the most strongly associated with total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (Chl a), while QH was highly associated with pH, conductivity (Cond), and water temperature (WT). For fungal diversity, a large number of beneficial fungi, Basidiomycota (phylum level) and Massarina (genus level) were obtained from DHC (55.3% and 27.5%, respectively), SH (54.4% and 28.9%, respectively), and NH (48.6% and 1.4%, respectively), while a large number of pathogenic Chytridiomycota (at phylum level) were identified from SXH (21.0%), ZLH (5.5%), and QH (7.5%). Manmade pollutants have impacted the natural hydrology and water quality and promoted variation between the zooplankton and fungi in the six sub-lakes, reducing the relative abundance of beneficial fungi and increasing the number of pathogens in the environment, which threatens human health and economic production. Understanding the diversity among the zooplankton and fungi in the six sub-lakes of the Poyang Lake watershed may help guide future water management practices.

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Chen, Jingan, Jingfu Wang, Jianyang Guo, Jia Yu, Yan Zeng, Haiquan Yang, and Runyu Zhang. "Eco-environment of reservoirs in China." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 42, no. 2 (January 23, 2018): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133317751844.

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China is home to 97,246 reservoirs, most of which are sub-deep water reservoirs characterized by seasonal stratification and multiple interfaces in the water body. The prominent eco-environmental problems, such as eutrophication and accidental deterioration in water quality, restrict reservoir construction. Compared to natural lakes, reservoirs have specific geologic backgrounds and eco-environmental characteristics, which manifest in the following aspects: (a) the origin of the water environment and ecological system of the reservoir is different from natural lakes; (b) sediment is rich in organic matter and nutrients; (c) water eutrophication and heavy metal pollution are tightly interlocked; (d) multi-interface and seasonal stratification control the key physicochemical and biological processes; (e) the cumulative effect of the material cycle has an important influence on the water environment and ecological security; (f) artificial regulation of water level leads to the ecological degradation of the hydro-fluctuation belt; and (g) the slow response of the aquatic ecosystem to the reduction of external load. Research on the eco-environment of sub-deep water reservoirs trails that of natural lakes in China. After describing the eco-environmental characteristics of reservoirs in China, we address potential challenges and propose future research directions to develop a full understanding of the complex biogeochemical processes prevalent in reservoirs.

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Markogianni, Vassiliki, Dionissios Kalivas, George P. Petropoulos, and Elias Dimitriou. "Estimating Chlorophyll-a of Inland Water Bodies in Greece Based on Landsat Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 2087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132087.

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Assessing chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) pigments in complex inland water systems is of key importance as this parameter constitutes a major ecosystem integrity indicator. In this study, a methodological framework is proposed for quantifying Chl-a pigments using Earth observation (EO) data from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors. The first step of the methodology involves the implementation of stepwise multiple regression (MLR) analysis of the available Chl-a dataset. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) is performed to explore Greek lakes’ potential interrelationships based on their Chl-a values in conjunction with certain criteria: their characteristics (artificial/natural), typology, and climatic type. Additionally, parameters such as seasonal water sampling and the date difference between sampling and satellite overpass are taken into consideration. Next, is implemented a stepwise multiple regression analysis among different groups of cases, formed by the criteria indicated from the PCA itself. This effort aimed at exploring different remote sensing-derived Chl-a algorithms for various types of lakes. The practical use of the proposed approach was evaluated in a total of 50 lake water bodies (natural and artificial) from 2013–2018, constituting the National Lake Network Monitoring of Greece in the context of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). All in all, the results evidenced the suitability of Landsat data when used with the proposed technique to estimate log-transformed Chl-a. The proposed scheme resulted in the development of models separately for natural (R = 0.78; RMSE = 1.3 μg/L) and artificial lakes (R = 0.76; RMSE = 1.29 μg/L), while the model developed without criteria proved weaker (R = 0.65; RMSE = 1.85 μg/L) in comparison to the other ones examined. The methodological framework proposed herein can be used as a useful resource toward a continuous monitoring and assessment of lake water quality, supporting sustainable water resources management.

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Kobya, Yaşar, Halim Taşkın, Cafer Mert Yeşilkanat, Ahmet Varinlioğlu, and Sabit Korcak. "Natural and artificial radioactivity assessment of dam lakes sediments in Çoruh River, Turkey." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 303, no. 1 (August 24, 2014): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3420-7.

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Urso-Guimarães, Maria V., Marlon Peláez-Rodríguez, and Susana Trivinho-Strixino. "New species of Lopesia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Eichhornia azurea (Pontederiaceae) from Brazil." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 104, no. 4 (December 2014): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-476620141044478483.

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A new species of gall midge, Lopesia eichhorniae sp. nov. (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera), associated with rhizomes of Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth (Pontederiaceae) is described. This is the first record of Lopesia galls in this species of macrophyte, quite common in natural and artificial lakes in Southeast Brazil. Illustrations of the adults (male and female), pupa, larva, and gall of the new species are presented.

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Dubis, Lidiia, O. Shevchuk, and S. Lohyn. "Projected international geopark «Polesie» (Ukraine-Poland-Belarus) as a form of preservation of geovariety and popularisation of geoheritage of Threelateral Biosphere Reserve «West Polesie»." Physical Geography and Geomorphology 89, no. 1 (2018): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2018.1.05.

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In this article we offered a creation of international geopark «Polesie» (Ukraine-Poland-Belarus) within a Threelateral Biosphere Reserve «West Polesie» and adjoining territories. Future geopark will embrace the biggest lake-marsh Europe massif (polish Lęczna-Włodawa lake group, ukrainian Shatsk lake group and belarusian Brest lake group) with complicated geological structure and interesting combination of different genetic types of relief. Geoheritage of Shatsk lake group consists of the biggest number of natural water-divided lakes of Polesie lake belt (28 lakes; the biggest lakes are Svitiaz, Luky, Liutsymer, Pulymetskie, Somynets and others; lakes that are significant in area, upper part of Pripyat and small fragment of valley of West Bug, aeolian forms (dunes) with different morphology, fluvial and glacial deposits and forms (eskers, kames), glacial deposits (moraine) of Riss glaciation).Geoheritage of Lęczna-Włodawa lake group consists of 17 lakes (the most famous are Ustswiez, Piaseczno, Bzesichno, Lukietek, Charne Goscinieckie; the most used in recreation – Piaseczno, Roguzno, Krasne, Lukcze, Zaglebocze), flat and hilly relief with reminders of terminal moraines (in the areaof lakes Miske and Kleszczow) and a small number of sand dunes, and different types of lowland swamp (Korovyache Boloto, Dubechynske Boloto, Bolota over Chorne swamp and others) and the upper reaches of rivers (Pivoniya, Tysmenytsia and Bobrivka). Geoheritage of Brest lake group consists of: 130 lakes (the biggest 7 of them create Brest lake group: Seliahy (the biggest), Rogoznianske, Bile, Tajne, Chorne, Mednianske, Stradechske), system of artificial basins «Stradoch» (Tovarnyj, Dovgyj, Kutjevo, Rakovo and others), famous water reservoir Orhovo; areas with flat and hilly relief of moraine plain and flat and wavy fluvial and glacial, floodplain and overfloodplain terraces; many sand dunes on the river and lake banks; parts of river plains of West Bug, Stepanivka, Seredova Richka, Kopayivka, many small streams and systems of amelioration channels. We consider that there are all preconditions for creating this geopark: outstanding geodiversity of territory (wide spectrum of geological (rocks, minerals, fossils), geomorphological (relief forms, processes) and soil features); substantive concentration of geoheritage objects; different protection forms of natural, historical and cultural heritage; availability of clear management and strategies of constant development. Newly created geopark will give an allowance for effective management of geoheritage of West Polesie region, implementation of new forms and methods of geoconservation, active development of geoeducation and geotourism.

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Chernyshev, Denys, Yulia Ivashko, Dominika Kuśnierz-Krupa, and Andrii Dmytrenko. "Role of natural landscape in perception of Ukrainian sacral architecture monuments." Landscape architecture and art 17 (March 14, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2020.17.02.

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The article analyses the impact of natural environment on the creation of a Christian church design, as an example, reviews the Orthodox architecture of Ukraine – historical and contemporary one. From time immemorial, Orthodox churches were erected in the most picturesque places – on high hills, steep banks, near rivers and lakes – so that the temple was reflected in the water surface. A typical example is the historical silhouette of the steep right bank of Kyiv, formed by many churches, cathedrals and monasteries located along the edge of the hilly shore. If temples in the urban environment were constrained by the conditions of dense quarterly development (the principal cathedrals and monasteries were an exception), then the peculiarity of the remote suburban monasteries – the hermitages – was precisely the creation of nature and architecture picturesque combination. At the monasteries, parks, gardens and flower beds were created, artificial lakes were arranged. During the domination of the atheistic ideology, temple construction was in decline, most of the cathedrals, churches and monasteries were destroyed or redesigned under the socialist functions of clubs, museums of atheism, schools and storages. The contemporary course in the creation of new Orthodox churches is aimed at restoring the lost sequence in the church building. In this case, particular attention is paid to the natural environment: churches are built in park areas, in forest parks, on the banks of lakes, surrounded by flower beds. The relevance of the study is explained by the presence in Ukraine of a large number of Orthodox churches – both architectural monuments and newly built, which are traditionally surrounded by gardens, parks and flower gardens as symbols of their non-earthly purpose, the image of the Garden of Eden. Therefore, during the restoration and new construction of such objects, it is necessary to understand the features of the сhurch landscape design, which has been formed and improved over the centuries.

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Waltham, Nathan J., and Rod M. Connolly. "Artificial tidal lakes: Built for humans, home for fish." Ecological Engineering 60 (November 2013): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.09.035.

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Ubaskin, A. V., K. I. Akhmetov, A. I. Lunkov, N. T. Yerzhanov, T. Zh Abylkhassanov, and A. U. Abylkhassanova. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF ARTEMIA (ARTEMIA) ARTIFICIAL CULTIVATION IN SALT LAKES." Series of biological and medical 2, no. 338 (April 15, 2020): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/10.32014/2020.2519-1629.15.

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An integral part of the technological preparation of artificial cultivation of brine shrimp in saline water is a set of preliminary experimental work to assess the quality of cysts. It has been shown that during the winter period, activation of Artemia cysts occurs from the initial hatching values of 5-10 % to 72-99 %. The most optimal salinity range for hatching nauplii is a salinity of 20-30 g/l. With an increase in salinity above these indicators, hatching decreases. The size of hatching of Artemia depends on the salinity of a natural reservoir. In reservoirs with salinity of 50-80 g / l, higher hatching rates were obtained than with salinity of 150-160 g/l. Higher hatching rates are observed when using natural lake water for incubation. During incubation of cysts in a standard solution and fixed salinity and temperature conditions, the development rate of various stages of nauplii from the beginning of the opening of cysts (breaking stage) and pre-nauplius to active nauplii is shown. After 1.5–2 h after the mass appearance of pre-nauplii, they completely change into the nauplius stage.

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Quintal, Anna Laura, Charlotte Kendra Gotangco, and Maria Aileen Leah Guzman. "Forecasting Urban Expansion in the Seven Lakes Area in San Pablo City, Laguna, the Philippines Using the Land Transformation Model." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425317748531.

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Managing urban growth is essential to the conservation of the Seven Lakes ecosystem in San Pablo City, Laguna province in the Philippines. This study simulates potential conversion of agricultural lands to built-up areas using the land transformation model (LTM), which integrates geographical information systems (GIS) and an artificial neural network (ANN). Historical drivers of the expansion of built-up areas are identified and validated through the application of LTM to land cover maps from 1988 to 2015. Identified drivers include distance to roads, distance to trails, distance to the Seven Lakes, distance to existing built-up areas, slopes and population density per barangay. Results from the percent correct matrix (PCM) were 79.88 per cent for the 1988–2003 runs and 66.42 per cent for the 2003–2015 runs, while the Kappa statistic for both time periods was higher than 0.60, which indicates high levels of agreement. Forecasted scenarios were business-as-usual (BAU) growth, doubled growth and strict law implementation protecting the vicinity around the Seven Lakes and other natural areas. In the BAU scenario, urban expansion spread out along the road networks. The doubled growth scenario showed that further expansion will likely extend around the proximity of the lakes, which may adversely affect the livelihoods of the local fishing communities. As such, it was recommended that preventive measures, such as strict implementation of buffer zones coupled with regular monitoring, be taken to manage land use in the surrounding lake areas.

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Murkalov, O. B., and O. O. Stoyan. "LONG-TERM CHANGES IN THE AREA OF LAKES ON THE BAR OF THE TYLIGULSKYI LIMAN (BLACK SEA)." Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 26, no. 1(38) (September 4, 2021): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2021.1(38).234648.

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Problems Statement and Purpose. The estuarine area of Tyligulskyi Liman is located within the limits of north-western limans coastal area between the Odesa bay and Berezans’kyi Liman. Tyligulskyi Liman is separated from the sea by a wide sandy-shell bay-bar, in which an artificial liman-sea connecting channel is laid. The bay-bar of the Tyligulskyi liman is one of the most powerful sea-land contact zones in the region. The Tyligulskyi Liman and its bay-bar are officially recognized as Ramsar wetlands. The need to study and protect the bay-bar is associated with both its international status of the wetlands and the preservation of natural conditions and resources for the planning of nature management and sustainable development of the geosystem. The Lakes of the bay-bar were insufficiently studied in comparison with biota and hydrology of the adjacent part of the Black Sea, the Tyligulskyi Liman and the connecting channel. Data & Methods. The study of the water bodies of the Tyligulskyi Liman bay-bar was carried out by field and cameral methods. Field mapping and survey work were carried out, sediment samples were taken. The cartographic method made it possible to analyse the cartographic materials of 1793–1982 edition suitable for their decoding and analysis. GIS methods were used to process cartographic images, satellite images and field measurements. Cameral work was performed in ‘Saga Gis’ software. To study the numerical values of the dynamics and development of the water bodies at the Tyligulskyi Liman bay-bar, the total lake percentage is calculated. Results. The water bodies at the Tyligulskyi liman bay-bar exist and develop during all its forming time. In their development, they experienced significant changes along with changes of the bay-bar caused by the channel connecting the Black Sea with the Tyligulskyi Liman, individual lakes to an artificial channel. According to the genesis of the lake basin are presented on the bar the remaining coastal lakes, anthropogenic and anthropogenic-transformed. At the present stage, the water bodies’ development is determined by operation frequency of the artificial connecting channel, level fluctuations, up and down surges. The inflow of estuary water into the water bodies of the bay-bar is constant at all stages of their development, in contrast to its inflow from the sea. On the Tyligulskyi liman bay-bar, there are constantly three water bodies: the northern lake, a chain of central and eastern lakes, and the channel. Commissioning of the channel connecting the Black Sea with the Tyligulskyi liman has led to an increase in the total lake percentage of the bay-bar from 3.9–11.1% in its natural state to 20.4–26.5% at present. With all its insignificant parameters, the connecting channel performs a system-forming function – it provides water exchange and the functioning of the natural complexes of the inner part of the Tiligul bay-bar. Further research the lakes on sand bar will provide an understanding of the functioning of the Tyligulskyi Liman bay-bar from a geosystem point of view, which will contribute to sound rational nature management at the bay-bar, preservation of natural diversity and sustainable development of the territory.

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Zhao, Qian, Hong Bo Li, Quan Wei Wei, and Huan Zhen Zhang. "Poly- Factors Coupling Analysis of Baiyangdian Basin Water Storage Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3104.

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As typical shallow lake of the north China plain, Baiyangdian plays an important role on water system composition and water amount adjustment. Its water storage and average annual rainfall of the basin does not exist directly relation and its maintenance of function water amount can only rely on unconventional water supplies and diversion support. The lack of natural entering water and frequent artificially diversion makes Baiyangdian gradually become "artificial lakes". In order to solve the current problems of Baiyangdian, the control of development indexes for Baiyangdian basin water resources urgently needs to be intensified, and water diversion mechanism of basin water amount based on Water subsidise cycle should be established.

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24

Santos, R. N., C. C. Andrade, L. N. Santos, A. F. G. N. Santos, and F. G. Araújo. "Testicular maturation of Oligosarcus hepsetus (Cuvier) (Actinopterygii, Characidae) in a brazilian tropical reservoir." Brazilian Journal of Biology 66, no. 1a (February 2006): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842006000100018.

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Six reproductive classes of male Oligosarcus hepsetus (Cuvier, 1829), a medium-sized carnivorous Characiform species, are described based on macroscopic and histological techniques. A total of 175 individuals were caught monthly between April 2001 and June 2002 in the Lajes Reservoir, Brazil, one of the largest impoundment areas in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The reproductive classes were based upon changes in the testicular morphology and stages of germinative cells, i.e., resting, early maturing, late maturing, mature, partially spent and totally spent. Fish in the resting class showed testes with spermatogonia and spermatocytes along the wall of seminal lobules, while spermatids were present in the lumina of the lobules. During early maturing, active spermatogenesis occurs throughout the testis; in the late maturing and mature classes, the lobules are swollen with sperm that are typical of fish in breeding condition. Spent testes presented seminal lobules with residual spermatozoa, coinciding with decreasing GSI and greatly reduced sperm production. Overall, the testicular morphology and class of maturity development of O. hepsetus in the Lajes reservoir did not differ significantly from those of closely related species in other lentic environments. Lower GSI values in the oligotrophic Lajes reservoir than in other eutrophic natural lakes suggest that this species may be modifying this aspect of its reproductive strategy in response to the artificial environment.

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Martin, Pamela A., Shane R. De Solla, Peter J. Ewins, and Michael E. Barker. "Productivity of Osprey, Pandion haliaetus, Nesting on Natural and Artificial Structures in the Kawartha Lakes, Ontario, 1991-2001." Canadian Field-Naturalist 119, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v119i1.81.

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Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) declined throughout the Great Lakes basin during the 1950s to 1970s due to usage of organochlorine pesticides. Following the banning of DDT in 1972, artificial elevated nest structures were erected in the Kawartha Lakes region of south-central Ontario to aid in their recovery. As the population grew, large stumps of flooded trees, < 1 m above the surface of the water became important nesting sites, despite their propensity to flood in turbulent weather conditions. We compared the productivity of Ospreys among nest substrates and longevity of the nests in this area from 1991 to 2001. Of 260 individual nesting attempts made over the 11 years, 57% used man-made structures, primarily either quadrupod nesting platforms or utility poles. Of nests on natural substrates, stump nests accounted for 37% of total nesting attempts; elevated tree nests were relatively uncommon (6%). Productivity of stump nests was significantly greater than that of artificial or tree nests (1.48 versus 1.16 and 0.73 chicks produced per occupied nest, respectively). Nevertheless, survivorship of stump nests was less than that of platform nests after 3 years of age, as high water levels, storms or winter ice activity destroyed some of these low nests between breeding seasons. Ospreys were able to attain greater productivity in these stump nests than on man-made nesting substrates.

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Whitehead, N. E., R. G. Ditchburn, W. J. McCabe, W. J. Mason, J. Irwin, R. A. Pickrill, and G. R. Fish. "Application of natural and artificial fallout radionuclides to determining sedimentation rates in New Zealand lakes." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 32, no. 3 (September 1998): 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1998.9516838.

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Chibowski, S., J. Solecki, and J. Szczypa. "Radiochemical contamination of bottom sediments of some natural and artificial lakes of Middle East Poland." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 220, no. 2 (June 1997): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02034853.

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Bielańska-Grajner, Irena. "The Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Psammic Rotifers in Artificial and Natural Lakes." Hydrobiologia 546, no. 1 (September 2005): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-4286-z.

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29

Anufriieva, Elena V., Mohamed E. Goher, Abd Ellatif M. Hussian, Seilem M. El-Sayed, Mahmoud H. Hegab, Usama M. Tahoun, and Nickolai V. Shadrin. "Ecosystems of artificial saline lakes. A case of Lake Magic in Wadi El-Rayan depression (Egypt)." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 421 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2020024.

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The Wadi El-Rayan is a depression in the Fayoum oasis collecting agricultural drainage water from the Fayoum. Since 1973, this drainage water formed two man-made lakes. Twenty years ago, a third lake, called Lake Magic was formed. Since this newly formed lake was not yet studied, in January of 2019 we conducted research related to its physico-chemical (ion composition, nutrients, heavy metals, etc.) and biological (phyto-, bacterio- and zooplankton) characteristics. The depth of the lake ranged from 1.5 to 9.0 m, water transparency was up to 4.0 m, and the water temperature was 13.6 °C. The average salinity was 29.1 g/l, and the salinity of drainage waters from agricultural fields was 2.9 g/l. A total of 28 phytoplankton species was identified belonging to Bacillariophyceae (eight species), Dinophyceae (three species), Cyanobacteria (seven species), Chlorophyceae (nine species) and Conjugatophyceae (one species). Chlorophyll a content varied from 14.3 to 24.2 μg/l. In zooplankton, there were three species of Ciliophora, five of Rotifera, and two Copepoda as well as Nematoda and Cirripedia larvae. Salinity in Lake Magic was much higher than in drainage waters coming in the lake. This is a result of a strong salinity increase in Lake Magic after its creation due to climate aridity, and salinity may markedly increase during the next 20 years along with the sharp changes of the lake's ecosystem.

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Estep, Marilyn L. F., and Steven Vigg. "Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Tracers of Trophic Dynamics in Natural Populations and Fisheries of the Lahontan Lake System, Nevada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-215.

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The influence of combined inorganic N on the growth of N2-fixing blue-green algae (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae) in Lahontan Reservoir was detected with N isotopic compositions (δ15N = + 1.2 to + 7.0) that were enriched in 15N. In Pyramid Lake, however, the δ15N of the entire food web was influenced by a contribution of isotopically light N released from N2-fixing blue-green algae (Nodularia spumigena). Carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of these unpalatable, blue-green algae from both lakes were different enough from the zooplankton and higher animals to preclude a direct trophic link. An enrichment in 13C with trophic level in the food chain was measured in both lakes. Carbon isotope ratio measurements clearly illustrated the isotopic similarity between hatchery-raised Lahontan cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki henshawi) and cui-ui (Chasmistes cujus) and the artificial diet, but differed from the δ13C of their wild counterparts consuming natural foods. There is a consistent isotope fractionation between the δ13C of scales and the δ13C of muscle from fish that is species specific. This finding demonstrates that fish scales, as well as muscle, can be used to determine diet.

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Wang, Xinjian, Jinyun Chen, and Lizhi Zhou. "Effects of Human Activities on the Diversity of Waterbirds Wintering in a Shallow Lake of the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Floodplain, China." Diversity 12, no. 8 (August 3, 2020): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12080302.

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Human activity is the major factor driving the wetland degradation in shallow lakes. Human exploitation of lake wetlands alters the habitats of wintering waterbirds, and, in turn, waterbird diversity in the shallow lakes. In the present study, we surveyed species composition, abundance, and habitat characteristics of waterbirds in three types of wetland habitats (natural lakeside wetlands, paddy fields, and aquaculture ponds) at Caizi Lake, a shallow lake in the middle and lower Yangtze River during the wintering period, and investigated the effects of habitat change driven by human activity on the diversity of wintering waterbirds. There were significant differences in species composition and abundance among the three wetland habitats (natural lakeside wetlands, aquaculture ponds, and artificial paddy fields); however, there were no significant differences among the habitats with respect to the number of waterbirds. The numbers of overwintering waterbird species and waterbird individuals in aquaculture ponds and lakeside wetlands were significantly higher than the numbers in the paddy fields, indicating that wintering waterbirds prefer natural lake wetlands and aquaculture ponds. Principal component analysis of the three wetland habitat types revealed that factors influencing waterbird diversity include wetland area, vegetation cover, water level, and degree of human interference. Therefore, minimizing human interference and ensuring suitable habitats at specific periods could facilitate the maintenance of waterbird diversity.

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Ptak, Mariusz. "Restoration and assessment of water resources of drained lakes. Example of Chełmno Lakeland (Poland)." Limnological Review 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2014-0005.

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Abstract Based on cartographic materials, three lakes drained in the previous centuries have been reconstructed. It was found that by restoring them to their original state their total surface area would rise by 140 ha. Knowing the water surface level, determined on the basis of the range of peat soils and contour lines, the author reconstructed the bathymetric plans of the lakes. This, in turn, allowed a determination of the volume of water stored in their basins. It amounted to ca. 2.5 million m3. The approach adopted in the paper draws attention to an important element, i.e. to lakes which no longer exist in Poland and which have disappeared as a result of hydrotechnical works. Their restoration to their original state could become an important link in water retention and delaying the land phase of the water cycle. Activities aimed at retaining water in reception basins are carried out in Poland, among others, through the small retention program. Within this project, facilities such as artificial storage reservoirs are being built. In the light of the foregoing, before making a decision to build such a reservoir, it is worth considering the possibility to restore the natural components of the environment, which is more justifiable, both from the point of view of subsequent functioning of the environment and economic factors.

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33

Peng, Peng, Yue Lu, Tom N. P. Bosma, Ivonne Nijenhuis, Bart Nijsse, Sudarshan A. Shetty, Alexander Ruecker, et al. "Metagenomic- and Cultivation-Based Exploration of Anaerobic Chloroform Biotransformation in Hypersaline Sediments as Natural Source of Chloromethanes." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (May 2, 2020): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050665.

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Chloroform (CF) is an environmental contaminant that can be naturally formed in various environments ranging from forest soils to salt lakes. Here we investigated CF removal potential in sediments obtained from hypersaline lakes in Western Australia. Reductive dechlorination of CF to dichloromethane (DCM) was observed in enrichment cultures derived from sediments of Lake Strawbridge, which has been reported as a natural source of CF. No CF removal was observed in abiotic control cultures without artificial electron donors, indicating biotic CF dechlorination in the enrichment cultures. Increasing vitamin B12 concentration from 0.04 to 4 µM in enrichment cultures enhanced CF removal and reduced DCM formation. In cultures amended with 4 µM vitamin B12 and 13C labelled CF, formation of 13CO2 was detected. Known organohalide-respiring bacteria and reductive dehalogenase genes were neither detected using quantitative PCR nor metagenomic analysis of the enrichment cultures. Rather, members of the order Clostridiales, known to co-metabolically transform CF to DCM and CO2, were detected. Accordingly, metagenome-assembled genomes of Clostridiales encoded enzymatic repertoires for the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and cobalamin biosynthesis, which are known to be involved in fortuitous and nonspecific CF transformation. This study indicates that hypersaline lake microbiomes may act as a filter to reduce CF emission to the atmosphere.

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Murillo-Pacheco, Johanna I., Matthias Rös, Federico Escobar, Francisco Castro-Lima, José R. Verdú, and Germán M. López-Iborra. "Effect of wetland management: are lentic wetlands refuges of plant-species diversity in the Andean–Orinoco Piedmont of Colombia?" PeerJ 4 (August 16, 2016): e2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2267.

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Accelerated degradation of the wetlands and fragmentation of surrounding vegetation in the Andean–Orinoco Piedmont are the main threats to diversity and ecological integrity of these ecosystems; however, information on this topic is of limited availability. In this region, we evaluated the value of 37 lentic wetlands as reservoirs of woody and aquatic plants and analyzed diversity and changes in species composition within and among groups defined according to management given by: (1) type (swamps, heronries, rice fields, semi-natural lakes, constructed lakes and fish farms) and (2) origins (natural, mixed and artificial). A total of 506 plant species were recorded: 80% woody and 20% aquatic. Of these, 411 species (81%) were considered species typical of the area (Meta Piedmont distribution). Diversity patterns seem to be driven by high landscape heterogeneity and wetland management. The fish farms presented the highest diversity of woody plants, while swamps ranked highest for aquatic plant diversity. Regarding wetland origin, the artificial systems were the most diverse, but natural wetlands presented the highest diversity of typical species and can therefore be considered representative ecosystems at the regional scale. Our results suggest that lentic wetlands act as refuges for native vegetation of Meta Piedmont forest, hosting 55% of the woody of Piedmont species and 29% of the aquatic species of Orinoco basin. The wetlands showed a high species turnover and the results indicated that small wetlands (mean ± SD: size = 11 ± 18.7 ha), with a small area of surrounding forest (10 ± 8.6 ha) supported high local and regional plant diversity. To ensure long-term conservation of lentic wetlands, it is necessary to develop management and conservation strategies that take both natural and created wetlands into account.

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Kuzmenkova, Natalia V., Maxim M. Ivanov, Mikhail Y. Alexandrin, Alexei M. Grachev, Alexandra K. Rozhkova, Kirill D. Zhizhin, Evgeniy A. Grabenko, and Valentin N. Golosov. "Use of natural and artificial radionuclides to determine the sedimentation rates in two North Caucasus lakes." Environmental Pollution 262 (July 2020): 114269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114269.

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36

Sienkiewicz, Elwira, and Michał Gąsiorowski. "Natural evolution of artificial lakes formed in lignite excavations based on diatom, geochemical and isotopic data." Journal of Paleolimnology 62, no. 1 (April 9, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-019-00069-1.

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37

KOLETIĆ, NIKOLA, ANTUN ALEGRO, ANJA RIMAC, NINA VUKOVIĆ, and VEDRAN ŠEGOTA. "Catalogue of Croatian Freshwater Rhodophytes." Phytotaxa 434, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.434.2.2.

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This paper summarises all available data on the flora of freshwater rhodophytes in Croatia, comprising 18 species from 13 genera—Audouinella, Bangia, Batrachospermum, Chroodactylon, Compsopogon, Hildenbrandia, Lemanea, Paralemanea, Pneophyllum, Polysiphonia, Porphyridium, Sirodotia and Thorea. Presented data are mostly a result of a comprehensive survey undertaken from 2009 to 2019 and including more than 600 freshwater locations—channels, streams, rivers, natural and artificial lakes. Additionally, all available published historical data, dating from 1890 onwards, as well as herbarium material from the ZA collection was overviewed and included in this study.

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Nowak, Bogumił, and Mariusz Ptak. "Potential use of lakes as a component of small retention in Wielkopolska." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400127.

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In the context of the observed climatic changes, unfavourable extreme situations occur increasingly frequently, manifested by, among others, the occurrence of droughts and floods. In the case of Poland, the central part of the country, in administrative terms covering the Wielkopolskie Province, is considered a region with a deficit of water resources. Such a situation was and is determined by a combination of natural and artificial factors. The former ones result from low precipitation and high air temperatures. The latter are the effect of intensive economic development, including large-scale meliorations. Measures mitigating this unfavourable phenomenon are related to the expansion of small retention. Its scale in Wielkopolska is the largest in the country – both in terms of the number of objects and volume of accumulated water. The key component of increasing retention is damming of lakes. According to the presented results, considerable reserves are still available in its scope. With the assumption of increasing water level in lakes by 0.2 m, it could cause an increase in water resources by 31 million m3, and assuming such an increase at a level of 0.5 m, by 78 million m3.

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39

Siquier, M. G. Failla, W. S. Serra Alanis, and C. Martinez Debat. "First record of Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 (Hydrozoa, Limnomedusae) in a natural freshwater lagoon of Uruguay, with notes on polyp stage in captivity." Brazilian Journal of Biology 77, no. 4 (May 4, 2017): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.11615.

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Abstract The freshwater cnidarian Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester 1880, has invaded lakes and ponds as well as artificial water bodies throughout the world. The first record in Uruguay corresponding to the jellyfish was made in 1961 in two artificial fountains, with no mention of the polyp form. Although local reports of other related polyp species have been made, information on the benthic form of C. sowerbii is lacking. Here we report the finding of live frustules, solitary individuals, medusae and colonies from a natural lagoon in August 2010, allowing us to observe the morphology and behavior of the polyp stage in captivity. In addition, molecular identification and remarks on the potencial path of introduction are presented. This is the first record in Uruguay of both polyp and medusa stages of C. sowerbii in a natural water body, Del Medio Lagoon (Dpto. de Florida), Uruguay.

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Līcīte, Vita, Elmīra Boikova, Uldis Botva, Dace Grauda, and Linda Buholce. "Microbial Food Web Components as Potential Indicators of Urban Hydroecosystems / Mikrobiālās ķēdēs Komponentu Potenciāls Pielietojums Urbānās Vides Ūdeņu Ekosistēmas Kvalitātes Novērtējumam." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 69, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2015-0014.

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Abstract Assessment of the effect of urbanisation on biodiversity and ecological impact studies are focused on plants, birds, terrestrial arthropods, and relatively few studies have been on aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial food web components as potential indicators of the trophic state of two small natural lakes (Gaiļezers, Bābelītis), two artificial lakes or reservoirs (created after excavation activities before 20 years) and the Gulf of Riga seaside Vecāķi beach (littoral), all of which are located in the city of Riga or close to it. Analysis of samples was conducted from April til October 2014 by epifluorescense microscopy for pico and nanoplankton (DAPI staining), and by inverted microscopy (Lugol’s fixation) for planktonic ciliates. SYBER green for DNS staining was used to examine population structure in a qualitative way by the cytometre Facs Jazz FCM. The obtained results illustrate that the studied aquatic ecosystems have different impact of eutrophication: the mean seasonal trophic status index value was higher in Lake Bābelītis (5.22) than in Lake Gaiļezers (4.57), Saurieši reservoir (4.76) and Bolderāja reservoir (4.22). In Bolderāja reservoir, picoplankton density reached maximum development (192 thous.cells/mL). The nanoplankton consists mainly of autotrophic flagellates, and their abundance was positively related with increasing size structure groups. During seasonal succession stages, ciliates of the size group less than 30 μ are well presented and could be analysed by flow cytometry together with pico and nanoplankton. Bolderāja reservoir could serve as reference site against lakes Gaiļezers and Bābelītis due to less eutrophication impact.

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Sperlich, A., X. Zheng, M. Jekel, and M. Ernst. "An integrated wastewater reuse concept combining natural reclamation techniques, membrane filtration and metal oxide adsorption." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 6 (March 1, 2008): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.186.

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In a Sino-German research project, a sustainable water reclamation concept was developed for different applications of municipal water reuse at the Olympic Green 2008 in Beijing, China. Results from pilot-scale experiments in Beijing and Berlin show that selective nutrient removal by adsorption onto granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) after a membrane bioreactor (MBR) can maintain a total phosphorus concentration of <0.03 μg L−1 P, thus preventing eutrophication of artificial lakes. Operation time of GFH adsorption columns can be extended by regeneration using sodium hydroxide solution. A subsequent ultrafiltration (UF) membrane after bank filtration creates an additional barrier for pathogens and allows for further urban reuse applications such as toilet flushing. Short term bank / bio-filtration prior to UF is shown to effectively remove biopolymers and reduce membrane fouling.

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42

Cirovic, Ruza, D. Radovic, and Tanja Vukov. "Breeding site traits of European newts (Triturus macedonicus, Lissotriton vulgaris, and Mesotriton alpestris: Salamandridae) in the Montenegrin karst region." Archives of Biological Sciences 60, no. 3 (2008): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0803459c.

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We recorded the occurrence of three European newt species - the smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris), the eastern alpine crested newt (Triturus macedonicus), and the alpine newt (Mesotriton alpestris) - in the Montenegrin karst, as well as their breeding site characteristics. In terms of long-lasting breeding site numbers and occupation rate, the most common species is the smooth newt, followed by the alpine newt and the crested newt. The examined water bodies with?out newts showed no significant differences of aquatic habitat characteristics compared to water bodies with newts. The factors that explained most of the observed variation in newt breeding site traits were the habitat category and habitat origin. The alpine newt primarily inhabits natural lakes, while the crested newt inhabits artificial breeding sites such as lithotelma and ubao. The smooth newt is less choosy and occurs in different types of natural and artificial habitats. The aquatic requirements of Montenegrin newt species do not differ substantially in many respects from requirements of the core species range populations.

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Parada, Raúl, Jordi Font, and Jordi Casas-Roma. "Predicting Energy Generation Using Forecasting Techniques in Catalan Reservoirs." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101832.

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Reservoirs are natural or artificial lakes used as a source of water supply for society daily applications. In addition, hydroelectric power plants produce electricity while water flows through the reservoir. However, reservoirs are limited natural resources since water levels vary according to annual rainfalls and other natural events, and consequently, the energy generation. Therefore, forecasting techniques are helpful to predict water level, and thus, electricity production. This paper examines state-of-the-art methods to predict the water level in Catalan reservoirs comparing two approaches: using the water level uniquely, uni-variant; and adding meteorological data, multi-variant. With respect to relating works, our contribution includes a longer times series prediction keeping a high precision. The results return that combining Support Vector Machine and the multi-variant approach provides the highest precision with an R 2 value of 0.99.

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Kadioğlu, M., Z. Şen, and E. Batur. "The greatest soda-water lake in the world and how it is influenced by climatic change." Annales Geophysicae 15, no. 11 (November 30, 1997): 1489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-1489-9.

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Abstract. Global warming resulting from increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the local climate changes that follow affect local hydrospheric and biospheric environments. These include lakes that serve surrounding populations as a fresh water resource or provide regional navigation. Although there may well be steady water-quality alterations in the lakes with time, many of these are very much climate-change dependent. During cool and wet periods, there may be water-level rises that may cause economic losses to agriculture and human activities along the lake shores. Such rises become nuisances especially in the case of shoreline settlements and low-lying agricultural land. Lake Van, in eastern Turkey currently faces such problems due to water-level rises. The lake is unique for at least two reasons. First, it is a closed basin with no natural or artificial outlet and second, its waters contain high concentrations of soda which prevent the use of its water as a drinking or agricultural water source. Consequently, the water level fluctuations are entirely dependent on the natural variability of the hydrological cycle and any climatic change affects the drainage basin. In the past, the lake-level fluctuations appear to have been rather systematic and unrepresentable by mathematical equations. Herein, monthly polygonal climate diagrams are constructed to show the relation between lake level and some meteorological variables, as indications of significant and possible climatic changes. This procedure is applied to Lake Van, eastern Turkey, and relevant interpretations are presented.

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Tayfur, Gokmen, and Veysel Guldal. "Artificial neural networks for estimating daily total suspended sediment in natural streams." Hydrology Research 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2006.0006.

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Estimates of sediment loads in natural streams are required for a wide spectrum of water resources engineering problems from optimal reservoir design to water quality in lakes. Suspended sediment constitutes 75–95% of the total load. The nonlinear problem of suspended sediment estimation requires a nonlinear model. An artificial neural network (ANN) model has been developed to predict daily total suspended sediment (TSS) in rivers. The model is constructed as a three-layer feedforward network using the back-propagation algorithm as a training tool. The model predicts TSS rates using precipitation (P) data as input. For network training and testing 240 sets of data sets were used. The model successfully predicted daily TSS loads using the present and past 4 days precipitation data in the input vector with R2=0.91 and MAE=34.22 mg/L. The performance of the model was also tested against the most recently developed non-linear black box model based upon two-dimensional unit sediment graph theory (2D-USGT). The comparison of results revealed that the ANN has a significantly better performance than the 2D-USGT. Investigation results revealed that the ANN model requires a period of more than 75 d of measured P-TSS data for training the model for satisfactory TSS estimation. The statistical parameter range (xmin−xmax) plays a major role for optimal partitioning of data into training and testing sets. Both sets should have comparable values for the range parameter.

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RÓŻKOWSKI, Jacek, and Mariusz RZĘTAŁA. "Uzbekistan’s Aquatic Environment and Water Management as an Area of Interest for Hydrology and Thematic Tourism." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 3 (June 4, 2021): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.3(51).04.

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The functioning of Uzbekistan’s economy is closely linked to the water resources of its huge cross-border rivers: the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, as well as to the groundwater present within their basins. Both natural lakes and artificial reservoirs (e.g. the Aydar-Arnasay system of lakes, the Kayrakkum Reservoir, the Chardarya Reservoir) are present there, which retain significant amounts of water, and large canals with lengths of up to several hundred kilometres which involve complex hydraulic structures are used for irrigation purposes. All these are components of a water management system which needs optimisation; as much as 80% of agricultural land is irrigated, with 70% of the water being lost due to inefficient irrigation systems. The consequence of this allocation of river flows and the overuse of water in irrigation systems has been the disappearance of the Aral Sea (1960 year – 68,900 km2, 2017 year – 8,600 km2) and the inflow of water into the Sarygamysh Lake as well as the reduction of Uzbekistan’s groundwater resources by about 40%. The intensive development of irrigated agriculture is associated with changes in surface and groundwater quality caused, inter alia, by the increased use of chemicals in agriculture and the discharge of collector-drainage waters into river systems as well as their reuse. The extent of environmental degradation in some areas (especially in the Aral Sea region) is unique on a global scale. The origins of Uzbekistan’s other hydrological tourist attractions are related to attempts to ensure the availability of water for both human consumption and industrial use under conditions of water scarcity in the country’s arid and semi-arid climates. Not just the spectacular watercourses and water bodies present there (e.g. rivers, lakes, canals), but also small water retention facilities and minor infrastructure elements (e.g. wells, springs and retention basins, canals, ditches and flow control structures) are of potential tourist importance.

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Molot, L. A., S. A. Miller, P. J. Dillon, and C. G. Trick. "A simple method for assaying extracellular hydroxyl radical activity and its application to natural and synthetic waters." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-014.

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An assay has been developed to measure extracellular hydroxyl radical (OH*) activity in algal culture media and natural waters over a 4- to 5-day period. The first-order rate constant, k, for loss of absorbance at 590 or 620 nm was determined for erioglaucine, which is sensitive to OH*, insensitive to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and stable in the dark and under artificial radiation (280750 nm) and solar radiation in the absence of oxidants. Variation in irradiance was accounted for by normalizing k with k for a ferric iron reference solution with dye (k/kfe). Trends in k/kfe for streams and lakes were consistent with previous data on photochemical oxidation rates of dissolved organic matter. Values for k/kfe were similar in filtered surface waters of eutrophic Heart Lake and nearby mesotrophic Lake St. George under artificial radiation. Hence, extracellular OH* did not appear to be a direct cause of the onset of a nuisance cyanobacterial bloom in Heart Lake, nor did OH* appear related to the absence of a bloom in Lake St. George. k/kfe was two orders of magnitude higher in algal culture media supplied with 8.8 mM nitrate than in lake waters.

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Mieczan, T. "Comparative study of periphytic ciliate communities and succession on natural and artificial substrata in two shallow lakes (Eastern Poland)." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 43, no. 3 (2007): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn:2007012.

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Denny, Patrick. "Implementation of constructed wetlands in developing countries." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0157.

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In developing countries, the wise use of natural and artificial wetlands for water purification is particularly valuable and exploitable for the protection of water quality in catchments, rivers and lakes. Constructed wetlands are potentially good, low-cost, appropriate technological treatment systems for domestic wastewater in rural areas. Better still, they can be integrated into agricultural and fish production systems where the products are useable and/or re-cycled for optimal efficiency. However, currently, constructed wetlands are rarely installed. The reasons for this are discussed drawing attention to the limitations of aid programmes from donor countries and the need for in-house research, training and development. Recommendations for the development and wider use of constructed wetlands in developing countries are made.

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Bogdanovic, Darinka. "The role of phosphorus in eutrophication." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 111 (2006): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0611075b.

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Eutrophication is an increase in the biological productivity of water basins resulting from the accumulation of biogenic elements under the influence of anthropogenic factors. Natural eutrophication is a slow and inevitable process. Artifical eutrophica-tion is caused by human activity and it can be very rapid, especially in technologically developed countries. Eutrophication does not represent a mere change of water but a change in the metabolism of the entire ecosystem and hence a change of the ecosystem itself. In Serbia and Montenegro, all factors are present that promote eutrophication in both still (especially in lowland areas) and running waters. This paper deals with the results of eutrophication monitoring and prognostication for the DTD canal network and major rivers and lakes in Serbia, including a special review of the trophic status of lakes in the country's main lowland region, the Vojvodina Province. As phosphorus concentration is an important factor in the process of eutrophication of a body of water, the study has devoted particular attention to the control of this element.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Artificial lakes and natural lakes'

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