Relevant bibliographies by topics / Artificial legs; Prosthetics; Prostheses

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Artificial legs; Prosthetics; Prostheses'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Artificial legs; Prosthetics; Prostheses"

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Islam, Md Rokibul, ANM Mushfiqul Haque, SN Amin, and KS Rabbani. "Design and Development of an EMG Driven Microcontroller Based Prosthetic Leg." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics 4, no. 1 (2013): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14695.

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Over the past years prosthetic legs have become much improved although complex. However their costs are high and are not within the reach of most people in the Third World. Low-cost fixed prostheses are available in the Third world countries of Asia and Africa, but these offer very basic movement with unnatural gait; climbing stairs gets quite difficult. The prosthesis being worked upon in the present work are for amputees with legs removed above the knee, and would offer a limited rotational movement of the knee joint under voluntary control of the wearer, driven by the EMG signals extracted from thigh muscles. The aim is to make it at a low cost, may be at a cost slightly higher than the passive ones, but allowing a better gait in walking, and in climbing stairs. An initial work was done in this direction by our extended group earlier; the present work gives further improvements. This involves redesigning of the motor and the gear system and that of the electronic circuitry for processing the EMG signals extracted from thigh muscles, interfacing the output to the microcontroller, rotating the motor in two directions thereby accomplishing the movement of the knee joint. The motor, geared down, is mounted horizontally and a pulley system drives the artificial knee joint. When complete, this will benefit a large number of handicapped people in the Third World. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14695 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.4 No.1 2011 107-114
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Weyand, Peter G., Matthew W. Bundle, Craig P. McGowan, et al. "The fastest runner on artificial legs: different limbs, similar function?" Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 3 (2009): 903–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00174.2009.

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The recent competitive successes of a bilateral, transtibial amputee sprint runner who races with modern running prostheses has triggered an international controversy regarding the relative function provided by his artificial limbs. Here, we conducted three tests of functional similarity between this amputee sprinter and competitive male runners with intact limbs: the metabolic cost of running, sprinting endurance, and running mechanics. Metabolic and mechanical data, respectively, were acquired via indirect calorimetry and ground reaction force measurements during constant-speed, level treadmill running. First, we found that the mean gross metabolic cost of transport of our amputee sprint subject (174.9 ml O2·kg−1·km−1; speeds: 2.5–4.1 m/s) was only 3.8% lower than mean values for intact-limb elite distance runners and 6.7% lower than for subelite distance runners but 17% lower than for intact-limb 400-m specialists [210.6 (SD 13.2) ml O2·kg−1·km−1]. Second, the speeds that our amputee sprinter maintained for six all-out, constant-speed trials to failure (speeds: 6.6–10.8 m/s; durations: 2–90 s) were within 2.2 (SD 0.6)% of those predicted for intact-limb sprinters. Third, at sprinting speeds of 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0 m/s, our amputee subject had longer foot-ground contact times [+14.7 (SD 4.2)%], shorter aerial [−26.4 (SD 9.9)%] and swing times [−15.2 (SD 6.9)%], and lower stance-averaged vertical forces [−19.3 (SD 3.1)%] than intact-limb sprinters [top speeds = 10.8 vs. 10.8 (SD 0.6) m/s]. We conclude that running on modern, lower-limb sprinting prostheses appears to be physiologically similar but mechanically different from running with intact limbs.
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Wiechert, Bernd Udo. "Applied Biomechanics: Prosthetic and Orthopaedics." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 1 (October 31, 2017): xiii. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v1.315.

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Biomechanics is closely related to engineering, because it often uses traditional engineering sciences to analyze biological systems. Some simple applications of Newtonian mechanics and/or materials sciences can supply correct approximations to the mechanics of many biological systems. Applied mechanics, most notably mechanical engineering disciplines such as continuum mechanics, mechanism analysis, structural analysis, kinematics and dynamics play prominent roles in the study of biomechanics. Usually biological systems are much more complex than man-built systems. Numerical methods are hence applied in almost every biomechanical study. Research is done in an iterative process of hypothesis and verification, including several steps of modeling, computer simulation and experimental measurements. Prosthetics and orthotics are clinical disciplines that deal with artificial limbs (prostheses) for people with amputations and supportive devices (orthoses) for people with musculoskeletal weakness or neurological disorders and some disability person. The development of prosthetics and orthotics disciplines is depend on development of science and engineering. The understanding of this multidiscipline field is important the advancement in this field. In this session i will overview the current development in prosthetics and orthotics field, expl ain a brief survey on its method, and discuss perspective for future trend and development.
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Biktimirova, F. M., M. V. Fedorenko, and E. I. Aukhadeev. "Indices of physical activity, quality of life and psychological characteristics in patients with amputated lower limb." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 6 (2014): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1989.

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Aim. To study the physical activity in disabled patients who underwent an amputation of the lower limb in a late period of rehabilitation and prosthetics. Methods. The study included patients with structural and functional disorders of limbs. 308 patients aged 18 to 66 years were randomly selected to participate in the study as they were referred to Prosthetic and orthopedics center «Reabilitaciya invalidov», Kazan, Russia from 2008 to 2010. Patients were allocated to five age groups: 19 to 29 years, 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years old and older than 60 years. Activity level, depending on the motor capacity was investigated in 308 patients who were offered prosthetics according to the classification subdividing locomotor activity on five levels. SF-36 questionnaire (quality of life), Spielberger-Hanin reactive and personal anxiety scales, Beck Depression Inventory, the Mehrabian Achieving Tendency Scale, Smisek-Leonhard characterological test were administered. Quality of lower limbs prostheses were assessed by «TWO LEGS» prosthesis evaluation questionnaire on a 5-point scale. Results. The majority of patients who were at the remote stage of rehabilitation after prosthesis had high level of physical activity - 141 (45.7%) patients, average activity level - 81 (26.2%) patients, reduced level of activity - 63 (20.5%) patients. High level of physical activity, depending on the locomotor activity, was more typical for the second (20-29) and third (30-39 years) age groups - 60 and 54%, respectively. Very high and high levels of physical activity was equally observed in patients with one and both amputated both lower legs: 8.4 and 7%, respectively. Conclusion. Level of amputation, age and psychological characteristics, as well as prosthesis quality and the term of prosthesis use were essential for motor activity, quality of life and functional independence of the disabled with structural and functional of the lower limb disorders.
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Yaron, Gili, Guy Widdershoven, and Jenny Slatman. "Recovering a "Disfigured" Face." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 21, no. 1 (2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne2016121659.

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Prosthetic devices that replace an absent body part are generally considered to be either cosmetic or functional. Functional prostheses aim to restore (some degree of) lost physical functioning. Cosmetic prostheses attempt to restore a “normal” appearance to bodies that lack (one or more) limbs by emulating the absent body part’s looks. In this article, we investigate how cosmetic prostheses establish a normal appearance by drawing on the stories of the users of a specific type of artificial limb: the facial prosthesis. Given that prostheses are first and foremost devices worn upon the body, such an analysis requires an understanding of the ways in which bodies and technologies interact. We thus interpret users’ stories by critically engaging with the work of disability researcher and Actor-Network theorist Myriam Winance, as well as with the postphenomenological scholarship of Don Ihde and Peter-Paul Verbeek. Using this framework, we explore users’ attempts to achieve a proper fit between their faces and their prostheses, the technological transparency such a fit enables, and the ways in which transparency mediates users’ everyday exchanges with others. We conclude that a normal appearance, when it is achieved by means of prosthetics, enables the device’s user to navigate a precarious social environment as they encounter and interact with others in public.
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RYNIEWICZ, Anna M., Wojciech RYNIEWICZ, Łukasz BOJKO, and Paweł PAŁKA. "TRIBOLOGICAL TESTS AND IMPACT TESTS OF ACRYLIC POLYMERS FOR DENTAL PROSTHETICS." Tribologia 280, no. 4 (2018): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7539.

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The clinical functionality of the prosthesis structure consists of creating the most convenient conditions without any traumatic effects of chewing forces on the substrate and adapting it to the individual biomechanical exclusions of the stomatognathic system (SS). When transferring functional loads, the optimization of tribological features and the ability to absorb energy is an important design and material parameter. The aim is to evaluate acrylic plastics intended for prostheses in terms of resistance to wear and resistance to movement in sliding contact within the environment of artificial saliva and their ability to absorb energy. Based on the analysis of the test results, it can be pointed out that Vertex is a good material for partial and complete dentures. Villacryl demonstrated similar properties, with Probase and Probase O being slightly worse. The appropriate mechanical parameters of the materials used in the prosthesis allow the production of thin plates that accurately reproduce the prosthetic substrate and improve the patient’s comfort of use through such a fit.
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Маннанова, Ф., F. Mannanova, Г. Алсынбаев, and G. Alsynbaev. "FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS TMJ TREATMENT IN OLDER PATIENTS WITH A COMPLETE LACK OF TEETH AFTER REPEATED PROSTHETICS." Actual problems in dentistry 11, no. 2 (2015): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2015-0-2-40-45.

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<p>In the complete absence of teeth in older patients often suffer complications associated with occlusive disorders and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), forcing them to re-apply after prosthesis. Prolonged use of prostheses, more commonly observed in elderly patients, erases the artificial teeth, reduce the height of occlusion, disruption of the occlusal surface, the displacement of the mandible, intra-relationships that lead to TMJ dysfunction and disease.</p>
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McGrath, Michael Paul, Jianliang Gao, Jinghua Tang, et al. "Development of a residuum/socket interface simulator for lower limb prosthetics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 231, no. 3 (2017): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411917690764.

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Mechanical coupling at the interface between lower limb residua and prosthetic sockets plays an important role in assessing socket fitting and tissue health. However, most research lab–based lower limb prosthetic simulators to-date have implemented a rigid socket coupling. This study describes the fabrication and implementation of a lower limb residuum/socket interface simulator, designed to reproduce the forces and moments present during the key loading phases of amputee walking. An artificial residuum made with model bones encased in silicone was used, mimicking the compliant mechanical loading of a real residuum/socket interface. A 6-degree-of-freedom load cell measured the overall kinetics, having previously been incorporated into an amputee’s prosthesis to collect reference data. The developed simulator was compared to a setup where a rigid pylon replaced the artificial residuum. A maximum uniaxial load of 850 N was applied, comparable to the peak vertical ground reaction force component during amputee walking. Load cell outputs from both pylon and residuum setups were compared. During weight acceptance, when including the artificial residuum, compression decreased by 10%, while during push off, sagittal bending and anterior–posterior shear showed a 25% increase and 34% decrease, respectively. Such notable difference by including a compliant residuum further highlighted the need for such an interface simulator. Subsequently, the simulator was adjusted to produce key load cell outputs briefly aligning with those from amputee walking. Force sensing resistors were deployed at load bearing anatomic locations on the residuum/socket interface to measure pressures and were compared to those cited in the literature for similar locations. The development of such a novel simulator provides an objective adjunct, using commonly available mechanical test machines. It could potentially be used to provide further insight into socket design, fit and the complex load transfer mechanics at the residuum/socket interface, as well as to evaluate the structural performance of prostheses.
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Lee, Yeongjun, Jin Young Oh, Wentao Xu, et al. "Stretchable organic optoelectronic sensorimotor synapse." Science Advances 4, no. 11 (2018): eaat7387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat7387.

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Emulation of human sensory and motor functions becomes a core technology in bioinspired electronics for next-generation electronic prosthetics and neurologically inspired robotics. An electronic synapse functionalized with an artificial sensory receptor and an artificial motor unit can be a fundamental element of bioinspired soft electronics. Here, we report an organic optoelectronic sensorimotor synapse that uses an organic optoelectronic synapse and a neuromuscular system based on a stretchable organic nanowire synaptic transistor (s-ONWST). The voltage pulses of a self-powered photodetector triggered by optical signals drive the s-ONWST, and resultant informative synaptic outputs are used not only for optical wireless communication of human-machine interfaces but also for light-interactive actuation of an artificial muscle actuator in the same way that a biological muscle fiber contracts. Our organic optoelectronic sensorimotor synapse suggests a promising strategy toward developing bioinspired soft electronics, neurologically inspired robotics, and electronic prostheses.
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Lee, Philip M. "SmartHand: A Sense of Assistive Devices." Revue interdisciplinaire des sciences de la santé - Interdisciplinary Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (2011): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/riss-ijhs.v2i1.1527.

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Amputees have often faced social stigma attributable to their visible limb loss or use of artificial substitutions. In recent years, the use of prosthetics has become much more advanced, particularly in the field of sensory prostheses. One such assistive device, a new prototype technology known as the SmartHand, has recently been featured on several news networks. It is through this discussion that the SmartHand will be reviewed and compared with existing platforms that include myoelectric prostheses and targeted muscle reinnervation. Use of the SmartHand has been noted as having increased levels of competence in and improved the quality of life of its users. These conclusions also bring to light the scientific barriers that are faced, primarily with respect to tissue rejection. The cost benefit analysis of such a device may also produce conflicting data, thereby making it difficult to implement this device on a larger scale. Despite these problems, the SmartHand represents one of the most scientifically advanced assistive devices available in today’s market, whose usefulness for amputees is undeniable.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Artificial legs; Prosthetics; Prostheses"

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Buis, Arjan W. P. "Dynamic interface pressure measurement : comparing two trans-tibial socket concepts." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341806.

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Srinivasan, Sujatha. "Low-dimensional modeling and analysis of human gait with application to the gait of transtibial prosthesis users." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179865923.

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Books on the topic "Artificial legs; Prosthetics; Prostheses"

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Prosthetics and orthotics: Lower limb and spinal. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

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Blohmke, Fritz. Otto Bock prosthetic compendium: Lower extremity prostheses. Schiele & Schön, 1989.

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Blohmke, Fritz. Otto Bock prosthetic compendium: Upper extremity prostheses. Schiele & Schön, 1990.

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1922-, King P. S., and Zettl J. H, eds. Immediate and early prosthetic management: Rehabilitation aspects. 2nd ed. H. Huber, 1986.

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Pitkin, Mark R. Biomechanics of lower limb prosthetics. Springer, 2010.

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May, Bella J. Instructor's guide to Amputations and prosthetics: A case study approach. F.A. Davis, 1996.

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Amputations and prosthetics: A case study approach. F.A. Davis, 1996.

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Lowerlimb Prosthetics And Orthotics Clinical Concepts. Slack, 2010.

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G, Donovan R., and Murdoch George 1920-, eds. Amputation surgery and lower limb prosthetics. Blackwell Scientific, 1988.

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Murdoch, G., and R. G. Donovan. Amputation Surgery and Lower Limb Prosthetics. Blackwell Science Inc, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Artificial legs; Prosthetics; Prostheses"

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Daen, Laurel. "‘A Hand for the One-Handed’: Prosthesis User-Inventors and the Market for Assistive Technologies in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain." In Rethinking Modern Prostheses in Anglo-American Commodity Cultures, 1820-1939. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526101426.003.0005.

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This chapter adds to historical studies of artificial body parts by exploring the reciprocal relationship between fictional texts and the prosthesis industry in nineteenth-century Britain and America. Focussing primarily on prostheses—including artificial legs, dentures, and glass eyes—in relation to female users, it demonstrates that fictional writing was a key component of nineteenth-century prosthesis discourse. The chapter argues that literary stories provided practical advice for readers on the kinds of prostheses that should be avoided for both social and functional purposes. Women in particular were targeted as consumers who should pay special attention when choosing prostheses. Popular literary sources, often packaged as marriage plots, provided kinds of advertisements not for but against certain prostheses. Meanwhile, both entire fictional works and particular representational strategies were used by contemporary prosthetists interchangeably as means through which to subtly disparage the devices of opposing makers, reinforce the proprietary ownership of particular designs, or promote the concealing abilities of particular devices to female users.
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Thomas, George, Timothy Wilmot, Steve Szatmary, Dan Simon, and William Smith. "Evolutionary Optimization of Artificial Neural Networks for Prosthetic Knee Control." In Efficiency and Scalability Methods for Computational Intellect. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3942-3.ch007.

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This chapter discusses closed-loop control development and simulation results for a semi-active above-knee prosthesis. This closed-loop control is a delta control that is added to previously developed open-loop control. The control signal consists of two hydraulic valve settings. These valves control a rotary actuator that provides torque to the prosthetic knee. Closed-loop control using artificial neural networks (ANNs) are developed, which is an intelligent control method. The ANNs are trained with biogeography-based optimization (BBO), which is a recently developed evolutionary algorithm. This research contributes to the field of evolutionary algorithms by demonstrating that BBO is successful at finding optimal solutions to real-world, nonlinear, time varying control problems. The research contributes to the field of prosthetics by showing that it is possible to find effective closed-loop control signals for a newly proposed semi-active hydraulic knee prosthesis. The research also contributes to the field of ANNs; it shows that they are able to mitigate some of the effects of noise and disturbances that will be common in normal operation of a prosthesis and that they can provide better robustness and safer operation with less risk of stumbles and falls. It is demonstrated that ANNs are able to improve average performance over open-loop control by up to 8% and that they show the greatest improvement in performance when there is high risk of stumbles.
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Nayak, Smita, and Rajesh Kumar Das. "Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Prosthetic and Orthotic Rehabilitation." In Service Robotics. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93903.

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Technological integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning in the Prosthetic and Orthotic industry and in the field of assistive technology has become boon for the Persons with Disabilities. The concept of neural network has been used by the leading manufacturers of rehabilitation aids for simulating various anatomical and biomechanical functions of the lost parts of the human body. The involvement of human interaction with various agents’ i.e. electronic circuitry, software, robotics, etc. has made a revolutionary impact in the rehabilitation field to develop devices like Bionic leg, mind or thought control prosthesis and exoskeletons. Application of Artificial Intelligence and robotics technology has a huge impact in achieving independent mobility and enhances the quality of life in Persons with Disabilities (PwDs).
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Virdi, Jaipreet. "Between Cure and Prosthesis : ‘Good Fit’ in Artificial Eardrums." In Rethinking Modern Prostheses in Anglo-American Commodity Cultures, 1820-1939, edited by Claire L. Jones. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526101426.003.0003.

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Placing the history of artificial eardrums against the backdrop of medical consumerism and advertising culture, this chapter reveals how the commericalisation of assistive technologies can blur the boundaries between prosthetics and cures. Unlike assistive aids to hearing, artificial eardrums were initially constructed as a surgical prosthetic, a replacement of a damaged part to become integrated with a user’s body. By the 1880s, however, the device captured the imagination of British and American inventors and new manufacturing firms who distanced the surgical mark of the device while still adhering to standards of its design. As the device was invisible to both the observer and the wearer, their promotion as ‘cure’ rendered deafness as a sigma, a misery that required medico-technological intervention to integrate the deaf person into hearing society.
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Anderson, Julie. "Separating the Surgical and Commercial: Space, Prosthetics and the First World War." In Rethinking Modern Prostheses in Anglo-American Commodity Cultures, 1820-1939. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526101426.003.0008.

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The First World War witnessed an unprecedented scale of amputation. Traditionally, it has been argued that design and innovation were a direct result of the numbers of prostheses required to re-embody the many thousands of amputees from the war. This chapter argues that innovations in artificial limbs were well-established in the nineteenth century. Furthermore, there were a number of reputable companies that maintained a good trade in artificial limbs. The surgical profession and the commercial arena, while aware of each other, operated separately in two spheres. The First World War physically narrowed this division, relocating the limb fitter and the surgeon in close proximity in specialist hospitals established for amputees. Many manufacturers, including some from overseas, were required to provide the amputee servicemen with limbs, yet the relationship between the two professions was not improved. Nevertheless, the specialist hospitals staffed with experts in surgical technique and artificial limb fitting benefitted a number of patients. Focusing on Queen Mary Roehampton Hospital, this chapter explores the relationship between physical spaces and professionals, and the impact that it has on medical care in the First World War.
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Shaheen, Aaron. "From the Civil War to the Great War." In Great War Prostheses in American Literature and Culture. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857785.003.0002.

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The chapter first shows how the spiritualized version of prosthetics originated in the Civil War, which rendered approximately 60,000 veterans limbless. Prominent physicians such as Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. and S. Weir Mitchell postulated that artificial limbs gave both physical and emotional solace to shattered soldiers, especially among those who suffered phantom limb syndrome. The devices’ “spiritual” potential proved limited, if not illusory; in fact, they were often so fragile, cumbersome, and painful that amputees simply preferred to go without them. Upon entering World War I, the United States created a rehabilitation and vocational program that aided injured veterans to reenter the workforce. Reflecting the way in which “personality” had come to replace a more traditional notion of spirit, orthopedists such as Joel Goldthwait and David Silver, both employed at Walter Reed Hospital, designed artificial limbs for both physical and psychological compatibility.
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Ortes, Faruk, Derya Karabulut, and Yunus Ziya Arslan. "General Perspectives on Electromyography Signal Features and Classifiers Used for Control of Human Arm Prosthetics." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7359-3.ch001.

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Physically handicapped people encounter various kinds of obstacles and difficulties in their daily lives due to the restricted ability of motion. Assistive technologies represent a crucial challenge of scientific studies to overcome such an issue of reducing quality of life. Assistive devices such as wheelchairs, orthoses, and prostheses are designed and built to contribute rehabilitation progress and to regain lost functions. Although human body parts have intricate forms and functions, artificial devices and components integrating to the body are anticipated to compensate the fundamental functions related to user's demands. Upper- or lower-arm amputations also result in severe cosmetic matters. However, what is more important and obtrusive is the loss of primary functions including manipulating and grasping the objects besides the locomotor tasks which are performed by the human body during daily activity.
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Conference papers on the topic "Artificial legs; Prosthetics; Prostheses"

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Dawley, James A., Andrew M. Romanazzi, and Kevin B. Fite. "Preliminary Evaluation of a Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis for the Emulation of Transfemoral Prosthesis Socket Loads." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53302.

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Control of prosthetic limbs using myoelectric muscle potentials from the wearer’s residual limb enables direct control of artificial limb behavior. The typical approach entails the integration of surface electromyogram (sEMG) electrodes within the inner wall of the socket interface, located to target specific superficial muscles in the amputee’s residual limb. While myoelectric upper-limb control is commonplace in prosthetic practice, its use in lower-extremity devices has been slow to follow suit. Various research efforts have studied approaches to implementing myoelectric control of artificial leg behavior [1–4], but the need for myoelectric control in lower-limb prostheses has been limited by the lack of commercial prototypes with the capability of net power generation.
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