Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Artificial Lungs'
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Demarest, Caitlin T. "Prolonging the Useful Lifetime of Artificial Lungs." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/870.
Full textRazieh, Ali R. "The development of a self-tuning control system for POâ†2 regulation in a membrane oxygenator." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293317.
Full textJones, Cameron Christopher. "VALIDATION OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF MEMBRANE ARTIFICIAL LUNGS WITH X-RAY IMAGING." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/2.
Full textValenga, Marcelo Henrique. "Sistema eletrônico para captação de sons respiratórios adventícios em animais submetidos à ventilação mecânica." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2009. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/915.
Full textThis essay presents the project of a portable equipment to capture adventitious respiratory sounds, inside the airways, in animals submitted at mechanical ventilation. It is described the tests for assessment of frequency response and sensitivity of the microphone that was fixed in the tubes of a mechanical ventilator, the behavior of sound propagation in tubes of the system and the characteristics of electronic circuits designed to acquire sound signals by microphones and transferred them to a recording software installed on a personal computer. Tests with the electronic system were performed in three pigs submitted to mechanical ventilation and monitoring in real time the amount of air into the lungs through electrical impedance tomography. Through the recorded sound, it was possible to identify crackles induced in animals by ventilator maneuvers. It was possible to conclude that the developed circuit and setting the microphone in the tube allows to capture crackle sounds on animals with mechanical ventilation, showing a good sound propagation along the airways of the respiratory system. It is also discussed the possibility of using this system with the Electric Impedance Tomography - EIT - to identify the duration and extent of changes in alveolar recruitment during pulmonary ventilation.
Sales, Raquel Pinto. "Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory disease characterized by pulmonary edema, stiff lungs and hypoxemia." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12672.
Full textA SÃndrome da AngÃstia RespiratÃria Aguda (SARA) à uma doenÃa inflamatÃria caracterizada por edema pulmonar, pulmÃes rÃgidos e hipoxemia. Pacientes com SARA estÃo mais suscetÃveis à VILI (ventilator induced lung injury). Sob ventilaÃÃo mecÃnica, o stress e o strain pulmonares sÃo os principais determinantes da VILI e nos pacientes com esforÃo muscular a assincronia paciente-ventilador pode potencializar este fenÃmeno. Os modos ventilatÃrios PCV e VCV com AutoFlow podem minimizar a assincronia paciente-ventilador, mas por outro lado podem liberar a oferta de fluxo e volume corrente, comprometendo a estratÃgia ventilatÃria protetora na SARA. Objetivou-se avaliar as influÃncias do esforÃo muscular e da assincronia paciente-ventilador sobre o âstrainâ e o âstressâ pulmonares em modelo pulmonar mecÃnico de sÃndrome da angÃstia respiratÃria aguda. Foi realizado um estudo experimental de bancada, utilizando um simulador de pulmÃo, ASL 5000 no qual foi configurado um modelo pulmonar com mecÃnica respiratÃria restritiva, com complacÃncia de 25ml/cmH2O e resistÃncia de 10 cmH2O/L/sec. O esforÃo muscular foi ajustado em trÃs situaÃÃes: sem esforÃo muscular (Pmus=0), com esforÃo muscular inspiratÃrio (Pmus= -5cmH2O) e esforÃo inspiratÃrio e expiratÃrio (Pmus= -5/+5 cmH2O), todos com frequÃncia respiratÃria (f) de 20rpm. Ao simulador foram conectados cinco ventiladores atravÃs de um tubo orotraqueal n 8,0 mm e ajustados nos modos VCV, VCV com sistema AutoFlow (no ventilador que tinha o sistema disponÃvel) e PCV, todos com volume corrente (VC): 420 ml, PEEP: 10 cmH2O e frequÃncia respiratÃria programada em duas situaÃÃes: f=15rpm (< que a f de esforÃo muscular respiratÃrio) e f=25rpm (> que a f de esforÃo muscular respiratÃrio). As variÃveis analisadas foram: VC mÃximo, a pressÃo alveolar no final da inspiraÃÃo, PEEP efetiva, driving pressure, pressÃo transpulmonar no final da inspiraÃÃo e expiraÃÃo, pressÃo transpulmonar mÃdia, pico de fluxo inspiratÃrio e anÃlise das curvas de mecÃnica. No modelo pulmonar estudado a f do ventilador pulmonar ajustada acima da f do paciente e nÃo o esforÃo muscular o principal determinante para o desenvolvimento de assincronia paciente ventilador, causando grandes variaÃÃes de VC e pressÃes pulmonares, o que intensificou o stress e strain pulmonares. Os modos ventilatÃrios tiveram comportamento semelhante, embora os modos VCV AutoFlow e PCV tenham apresentado valores discretamente maiores de VC e pressÃes pulmonares. Desta forma conclui-se que o ajuste adequado da frequÃncia programada nos modos assistido/controlado podem pode minimizar a assincronia paciente ventilador reduzindo o stress e strain pulmonares. Palavras-
Desai, Gargi Sharad. "Deep Learning for Classification of COVID-19 Pneumonia, Bacterial Pneumonia, Viral Pneumonia and Normal Lungs on CT Images." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627662447914953.
Full textDaniš, Václav. "Podpora ventilace u laboratorních zvířat." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240967.
Full textPoslad, S. J. "Clinical evaluation of artificial lung performance." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378853.
Full textAnthony, Denis. "The use of artificial neural networks in classifying lung scintigrams." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59178/.
Full textAydin, Murat. "Aerosolisation and in-vitro deposition of an artificial lung surfactant." Thesis, University of Bath, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341146.
Full textKhoo, G. T. "COsub(2) transfer from blood in gas permeable tubes : Theory and experiment." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371967.
Full textLiu, Yi. "Metal release of stainless steel particles in artificial lung fluid: complexation and synergistic effects." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33047.
Full textAmbrósio, Paulo Eduardo. "Redes neurais artificiais no apoio ao diagnóstico diferencial de lesões intersticiais pulmonares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-26102002-155559/.
Full textIt is observed that a big growing in the use of computers as a tool to help in several areas, specially in medicine, happened in the past years. A big number of applications of these computers can be found in Medicine, such as the Diagnosis Support System, which is one of the most remarkable. These systems have as its main objective to help in the phases its activity. This process usually involves a lot of data and information, which can be stored by a computer very quickly. The most important objective of this project is the development of a computer system based in artificial neural network to help the Radiologist in the confirmation of the diagnosis of the so-called Interstitial Lung Disease. The radiological examination for this group has a difficult interpretation even to well-trained professionals, due to the big number of classified as well as similar pathologies in this area. The data for the neural net are obtained through a protocol generated by specialists, through the review of cases with confirmed diagnosis for certain pathologies. The developed system is based in a kind of multilayer perceptron neural net, which run as a classifier of patterns. A number of data is given as entry data, afterwards the exit is classified among certain pathologies. In this research, elements to justify the use of the artificial neural net in diagnosis support systems are raised, objectifying a reliable tool to help professionals who use it day by day and also as an educational tool to help in the training and qualification of medical school students.
Kadia, Dhaval Dilip. "Advanced UNet for 3D Lung Segmentation and Applications." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1619440426233034.
Full textBianchi, Renata Cristiane Gennari 1978. "Fatores prognosticos para complicações pos-operatorias de ressecção pulmonar : analise do grau nutricional, tempo de ventilação mecanica, tempo e tipo de cirurgi." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309747.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T13:04:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bianchi_RenataCristianeGennari_M.pdf: 3058476 bytes, checksum: 7ca076e28423ad7ee19d2be69bde376c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: O paciente submetido à cirurgia de ressecção pulmonar pode apresentar complicações pós-operatórias importantes, incluindo complicações respiratórias pós-operatórias, e pacientes com doença pulmonar grave geralmente apresentam-se desnutridos. Sendo assim, estudou-se prospectiva e retrospectivamente 71 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva de ressecção do parênquima pulmonar, com o objetivo de estabelecer a relação entre alguns fatores pré-operatórios e fatores intra-operatórios, com complicações pós-operatórias e complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias desta população em questão. As variáveis pré-operatórios incluíram sexo, idade, tabagismo, pré-albumina, linfócitos e índice de massa corpórea. Os dados intra-opera tórios incluíram tipo de cirurgia, tempo de cirurgia e tempo de ventilação mecânica a partir do intra-operatório até o momento da extubação, realizada no centro cirúrgico ou na unidade de terapia intensiva . Através de análise estatística (nível de significância de p<0,05), utilizando-se o teste Qui-Quadrado, houve aumento de complicações pós-operatórias relacionadas ao tipo de cirurgia, agrupando-se nodulectomia + segmentectomia versus lobectomia + bilobectomia versus pneumectomia, com p=0,0243; e agrupando-se pneumectomia versus outros tipos de ressecção pulmonar, com p=0,010. Utilizando-se o teste de Mann-Whitney, houve aumento de complicações pós-operatórias relacionadas ao aumento do tempo de cirurgia (p=0,045), ao aumento do tempo de ventil ação mecânica (p=0,0198), e à diminuição da concentração de pré-albumina (p=0,097). Também houve aumento de complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias relacionadas ao aumento do tempo de cirurgia (p=0,032), e ao aumento do tempo de ventilação mecânica (p=0,0491). A regressão logística univariada para a análise de aumento de complicações pós-operatórias, revelou os seguintes resultados significantes: pr é-albumina (p=0,0292), tipo de cirurgia (pneumectomia versus outros), com p=0,0165, e tempo de cirurgia (p=0,09). Já para complicações pulmonares pós -operatórias, somente tempo de cirurgia (p=0,090) foi significante. A análise de regressão logística multivariada mostrou resultados significantes para as seguintes complicações pós-operatórias: pr é-albumina (p=0,010), linfócitos (p=0,0417), e tempo de cirurgia (p=0,0189). Para complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias, foi significante somente o tempo de cirurgia (p=0,090). Conclui-se que os resultados atestam que concentração de pré-albumina, tipo e tempo de cirurgia, assim como tempo de ventilação mecânica, serviram como índices preditivos para complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva de ressecção pulmonar. Na análise das complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias, houve significância estatística o tempo de cirurgia e o tempo de ventilação mecânica
Abstract: The patient underwent a pulmonary resection su rgery may presents important postoperative complications, including postoperative pulmonary complications, and patients with severe pulmonary disease generally present malnutrition. So that, it was studied retros pectively 71 patients who underw ent an elective surgery of pulmonary parenchyma resection, which objec tive was establish the relation among some preoperative factors, and trans-operative factors, with postoperative complications and postoperative pulmonary complications from this population. The preoperative data included gender, age, tabagism, prealbumin, lymphocytes and body mass index. The trans-operative data included type of surgery, lasting of surgery as well as mechanical ventilation since the trans-operative until the extubation moment, realized in the surgical center or in intensive care unit. Through the statistic analysis (significance le vel of p<0,05), using the Qui-Quadrado test, there was postoperative complications increase related to type of surgery, joing nodulectomy + segmentectomy versus lobectomy + bilobectomy versus pneumetomy, with p=0,0243; and joing pneumectomy versus others pulmonary resection types, with p=0,010. Using the Mann-Whitney test, there wa s postoperative complications increase related to lasting of surgery (p=0,045), lasting of mechani cal ventilation (p=0,0198), and prealbumin concentration reduce (p=0,097). There was also postoperative pulmonary complications increase related to lasting of surgery (p=0,032) as well as lasting of mechanical ventilation (p=0,0491). The univariate logistic regression to the analysis of postoperative complication increase, there were the following significant result s: prealbumin (p=0,0292), type of surgery (pneumectomy versus others), with p=0,0165, and lasting of surgery (p=0,09). Even then, postoperative pulmonary complicati ons, only lasting of surgery (p=0,090) was significant. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant results to the following postoperative complications: prealbumin (p=0,010), lymphocytes (p=0,0417), and lasting of surgery (p=0,0189). About postoperative pulmonary complications, was significance only lasting of surgery (p=0,090). Concluding, the results confirm that prealbumin concentration, type and lasting of surgery, as well as lasting of mechanical ventilati on, could be used as predictive indexes of postoperative complications in patients who underwen t an elective surgery of pulmonary resection. In the postoperative pulmonary complications analysis, there was estatistic significance the lasting of surgery and lasting of mechanical ventilation
Mestrado
Cirurgia
Mestre em Cirurgia
Perchiazzi, Gaetano. "Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4665.
Full textFroz, Bruno Rodrigues. "CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE NÓDULOS PULMONARES UTILIZANDO VIDAS ARTIFICIAIS, MVS E MEDIDAS DIRECIONAIS DE TEXTURA." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2015. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/285.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The lung cancer is known for presenting the highest mortality rate and one of the lowest survival rate after diagnosis, which is mainly caused by the late detection and treatment. With the goal of assist the lung cancer specialists, computed aided diagnosis systems are developed to automate the detection and diagnosis of this disease. This work proposes a methodology to classify, with computed tomography images, lung nodules candidates and non-nodules candidates. The Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) image database is used to create an image database with nodules candidates and an image database with non-nodule candidates. Three techniques are utilized to extract texture measurements. The first one is the artificial life algorithm Artificial Crawlers. The second one is the use of Rose Diagram to extract directional measurements. The third and last one is an hybrid model to join the Artificial Crawlers and Rose Diagram texture measurements. In the classification, que Support Vector Machine classifier is used, with its radial basis kernel. The archived results are very promising. With 833 LIDC exams, divided in 60% for train and 40% for test, we reached na accuracy mean of 94,30%, sensitivity mean of 91,86%, specificity mean of 94,78%, variance coefficient of accuracy of 1,61% and ROC curves mean área of 0,922.
O câncer de pulmão é conhecido por apresentar a maior taxa de mortalidade e uma das menores taxas de sobrevida após o diagnóstico, o que é causado principalmente pela detecção e tratamento tardios. Para o auxílio dos especialistas em câncer pulmonar, são desenvolvidos sistemas de diagnósticos auxiliados por computador com o objetivo de automatizar a detecção e diagnóstico dessa doença. Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para a classificação, através de imagens de tomografias computadorizadas, de candidatos a nódulos pulmonares e candidatos a não-nódulos. O banco de imagens Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) é utilizado para a criação de uma base de imagens de candidatos a nódulos e uma base de imagens de candidatos a não-nódulos. Três técnicas são utilizadas para a extração de medidas de textura. A primeira delas é o algoritmo de vidas artificiais Artificial Crawlers. A segunda técnica é a utilização do Rose Diagram para a extração de medidas direcionais. A terceira e última técnica é um modelo híbrido que une as medidas do Artificial Crawlers e do Rose Diagram. Para a classificação é utilizado o classificador Máquina de Vetor de Suporte (MVS), com o kernel de base radial. Os resultados alcançados são muito promissores. Utilizando 833 exames do LIDC divididos em 60% para treino e 40% para teste, alcançou-se uma média de acurácia de 94,30%, média de sensibilidade de 91,86%, média de especificidade de 94,78%, coeficiente de variância da acurácia de 1,61% e área média das curvas ROC de 0,922.
Rabenius, Michaela. "Deep Learning-based Lung Triage for Streamlining the Workflow of Radiologists." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160537.
Full textChometon, Quentin. "Assessment of lung damages from CT images using machine learning methods." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223621.
Full textBohlin, Kajsa. "Surfactant metabolism in the newborn : the impact of ventilation strategy and lung disease /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-229-2/.
Full textClaesson, Jonas. "Intestinal effects of lung recruitment maneuvers." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-981.
Full textCruz, Andrea Fonseca da. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema FOT (Técnica de Oscilações Forçadas) e sua aplicação na avaliação da mecânica respiratória." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-01032017-123807/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The evaluation of respiratory mechanics describes the mechanical properties of the respiratory system (SR) through the determination of useful indexes to assess lung function. In mechanically ventilated patients, the most commonly used methods are: 1) static, through end-inspiratory and end-expiratory hold maneuvers, the resistance (RINS) and static elastance (EEST) are calculated; 2) dynamic, where the application of the equation of motion (EM) estimates the resistance (REM) and the elastance (EEM) of the SR. In spontaneously breathing individuals, spirometry and plethysmography are the most used techniques and EM is also an option. The forced oscillation technique (FOT) enables the measurement of the mechanical impedance of the SR and its resistive (RFOT), elastic (EFOT) and inertial components that have been used to assess respiratory mechanics. OBJECTIVES: Develop a FOT system and to evaluate its effectiveness in monitoring respiratory mechanics in mechanically ventilated patients and individuals in spontaneous ventilation. METHODS: A FOT system comprising the oscillator, the signal module and software for acquisition and processing were developed and validated using mechanical models. In pigs under mechanical ventilation, the FOT system was used during the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration and RFOT and EFOT in each PEEP was compared with REM and EEM. In intubated and mechanically ventilated patients, the FOT system was used at the PEEP, mean pressure and plateau pressure of the ventilatory cycle. In patients, RFOT and EFOT were compared with REM and EEM and also with the RINS and EEST. In volunteers, the FOT was superimposed to the spontaneous breathing and RFOT and EFOT were compared with REM and EEM obtained with the transpulmonary pressure. RESULTS: The validation of the FOT system in the mechanical models was successful and resulted in values close to those expected. In the six pigs tested, the differences between the FOT and EM were due to the variability in the scenarios and in the values of the parameters flow, volume and pressure used in each method. In four patients evaluated, the characteristics of the methods and the variability of ventilatory parameters explained most of the differences observed. In our four volunteers, as well as in literature, the FOT data showed higher values that EM data, however, the causes have not yet been fully clarified. CONCLUSIONS: The FOT system was developed according to the safety, usability and portability requirements. The mechanical impedance and its components can be used to evaluate the respiratory mechanics, but its direct comparison to other methods is not possible due to intrinsic differences between methods and mainly by different values of flow, volume and pressure found in each method
Li, Hancao. "Modeling and control of a pressure-limited respirator and lung mechanics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47667.
Full textBroyelle, Antoine. "Automated Pulmonary Nodule Detection on Computed Tomography Images with 3D Deep Convolutional Neural Network." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231930.
Full textObjektdetektering i naturliga bilder har reducerates till en enstegs process tack vare genombrott i djupa neurala nätverk. Automatisk detektering av pulmonella nodulärer är vanligtvis ett trestegsproblem: segmentering av lunga, generering av nodulärkandidater och reducering av falska positiva utfall. Det här projektet tar sig an nodulärdetektering med en enstegsmodell med hjälp av ett djupt neuralt nätverk. Pulmonella nodulärer har unika karaktärsdrag som inte finns utanför lungorna. Modellen förväntas fånga dessa drag och enbart fokusera på element inuti lungorna när den arbetar med datortomografibilder. Nodulärer är små och glest föredelade. Vi visar att ett vältränat nätverk kan finna relevanta särdrag samt föreslå ett lågt antal intresseregioner utan extra för- eller efter- behandling. På grund av den visuella karaktären av det här problemet så designade vi ett tredimensionellt s.k. convolutional neural network med residualkopplingar. Projektet inspirerades av Faster R-CNN, ett nätverk som utmärker sig i sin förmåga att detektera intresseregioner. Nätverket utvärderades på ett dataset vid namn LUNA16. Det slutgiltiga nätverket testade 0.826, vilket är genomsnittlig sensitivitet vid 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, och 8 falska positiva per utvärdering. Detta kan anses vara genomsnittligt jämfört med andra deltagande i tävlingen, men lösningen som föreslås här är en enstegslösning som utför detektering från början till slut och har färre träningsbara parametrar.
La détection d’objets sur les images naturelles est devenue au fil du temps un processus réalisé de bout en bout en une seule étape grâce aux évolutions récentes des architectures de neurones artificiels profonds. En revanche, la détection automatique de nodules pulmonaires est généralement un processus en trois étapes : la segmentation des poumons (pré-traitement), la génération de zones d’intérêt (modèle) et la réduction des faux positifs (post-traitement). Ce projet s’attaque à la détection des nodules pulmonaires en une seule étape avec un réseau profond de neurones artificiels. Les nodules pulmonaires ont des formes et des structures uniques qui ne sont pas présentes en dehors de cet organe. Nous nous attendons à ce qu’un modèle soit capable de capturer ces caractéristiques et de se focaliser uniquement sur les éléments à l’intérieur des poumons alors même qu’il reçoit des images brutes (sans segmentation des poumons). Les nodules sont petits, peu fréquents et répartis aléatoirement. Nous montrons qu’un modèle correctement entraîné peut repérer les éléments caractéristiques des nodules et générer peu de localisations sans pré-traitement ni post-traitement. Du fait de la nature visuelle de la tâche, nous avons développé un réseau neuronal convolutif tridimensionnel. L’architecture utilisée est inspirée du méta-algorithme de détection Faster R-CNN. L’évaluation est réalisée avec le jeu de données du challenge LUNA16. Le score final est de 0.826 qui représente la sensibilité moyenne pour les valeurs de 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 et 8 faux positifs par scanner. Il peut être considéré comme un score moyen comparé aux autres contributions du challenge. Cependant, la solution décrite montre la faisabilité d’un modèle en une seule étape, entraîné de bout en bout. Le réseau comporte moins de paramètres que la majorité des solutions.
Ambrosio, Paulo Eduardo. "Redes neurais auto-organizáveis na caracterização de lesões intersticiais de pulmão em radiografia de tórax." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-05092007-145334/.
Full textThe technological development provides an improvement in the quality of life due to easiness, speed and flexibility in the access to the information. In the biomedical area, the technology is admitted as an important allied, allowing the fast development of methods and techniques that assist the professional in the health care. Recent advances in the computerized analysis of medical images contribute for the precocious diagnosis of a series of diseases. In this work a methodology for the development of a computational system for characterization of patterns in pulmonary images, based in techniques of artificial neural networks is presented. In the study, has searched for the verification the use of self-organizing neural networks as a feature extraction and dimensionality reduction tool of chest radiographs, willing to characterize interstitial lung disease. For the dimensionality reduction and feature extraction, an algorithm based on Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) was implemented, with some variations, getting a reduction of about 3 million pixels that it composes an image, for 240 elements. For the pattern classification, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) was used, validated with the leave-one-out methodology. With a database containing 79 samples of linear pattern, 37 samples of nodular pattern, 30 samples of mixed pattern, and 72 samples of normal pattern, the classifier provided an average result of 89.5% of right classification, with 100% of right classification for linear pattern, 67.5% for nodular pattern, 63.3% for mixed pattern, and 100% for normal pattern. The results prove the validity of the methodology.
Wang, Xiangxue. "A PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE COMPUTATIONAL PATHOLOGY BASED COMPANION DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH: PRECISION MEDICINE FOR LUNG CANCER." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1574125440501667.
Full textRotman, Vivian. "Avaliação de estratégia ventilatória seqüencial em pacientes com lesão pulmonar aguda (LPA) / síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-22032010-174139/.
Full textLow tidal volumes are associated with a reduction in mortality in ALI / ARDS. Nevertheless, the application of recruitment maneuvers and high levels of PEEP are still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the ARDSnet protocol with a strategy based on Open Lung Concept (OLC), applied in a sequential way, in terms of pulmonary function, computed tomography images and inflammation, in patients with ALI / ARDS. Ten patients fulfilling criteria for ALI /ARDS, based on the American-European Consensus Conference, with less than 48 hours of evolution, were included. For definitive selection, blood gas collected after 30 min application of 5 cmH2O PEEP and VT = 10 mL/kg had to demonstrate a PaO2/FIO2 < 300 mmHg. The patients were initially ventilated for 24 hours according to the ARDSnet protocol. After this period, if the PaO2/FIO2 was 350, an OLC strategy was adopted, with recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration. The recruitment maneuver was applied in PCV, with sequential 5 cmH2O increments in PEEP, starting from 20 cmH2O until PEEP = 30 cmH2O, maintaining a delta pressure of 20 cmH2O. The aim of PEEP titration was to reach PaO2/FIO2 > 350 and three levels were tested: 17, 19 and 21 cmH2O. Ventilation according to OLC (VT = 6 mL/kg and PEEP´s level found during titration) was applied for the next 24 hours. Whole lung computed tomography images (1.25 mm thickness with 15mm gap) were acquired after 24 hours of each strategy. The institution of OLC was necessary in 9 of the 10 studied patients. The PEEP was significantly higher during OLC (17 [17-19] vs 8 cmH2O [8-11]; p=0,007) and resulted in a significant improvement on oxygenation sustained for 24 hours of follow-up, with no significant differences in plateau pressure, static compliance, minute-ventilation, PaCO2 and pH (p > 0.05). OLC resulted in a significant reduction of the fraction of total lung volume that was non-aerated, as compared to ARDSnet protocol (13% [10,5 22,5] vs. 37% [31 40,5]; p = 0,008), without a significant increase of the fraction of total lung volume that was hyperinsuflated (5% [1 13,5] vs. 2% [0 6,5]; p = 0,079). The results based on lung mass analysis were similar. OLC was associated with a reduction of the fraction of total lung mass that was non-aerated 30% [23 48,5] vs. 58% [51 60]; p=0,008), without a significant increase of the fraction of total lung mass that was hyperinsuflated (1% [0 2] vs. 0 % [0 1]; p=0,084). There was also a reduction in plasma levels of IL-6 with OLC (3,32 [2,16 9,46] vs. 4,11 ng/mL [3,26 11,02]; p=0,018). We concluded that, when compared with ARDSnet protocol, OLC improved oxygenation, reducing the fraction of non-aerated regions without significant increment in hyperinflated areas, with comparable levels of hemodynamics and fluid balance
Hensel, Mario. "Vergleichende Untersuchungen des oxydativen Metabolismus der Lunge bei beatmeten Intensivpatienten: Pneumonie versus nicht infektiöse Formen des akuten Lungenversagens." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/13734.
Full textThe examination of specific organ dysfunctions are of increasing importance for the modern intensive care medicine. The acute lung injury is one of the most frequent impairments in organ function in critically ill patients. Pulmonary oxygen consumption (VO2 pulm) is believed to be increased in patients with acute lung injury. In the present study, VO2 pulm was estimated in both patients with and without impaired lung function from the difference between total oxygen consumption measured by indirect calorimetry (VO2 cal) and oxygen consumption assessed by the reverse Fick method (VO2 Fick). In addition VO2 pulm was correlated to various parameters of impaired lung function. To assess the metabolic function of the lung, arterial-mixed venous concentration differences of lactate and glucose were determined and transpulmonary lactate flux as well as glucose flux was calculated. For within-patient measurements of VO2 pulm, a sufficient reproducibility was achieved for patients with as well as without impaired lung function. Compared to VO2 pulm in patients without lung infection (pneumonia), VO2 pulm was significantly increased in patients with pneumonia (p
Leme, Alcino Costa. "Estudo comparativo entre duas estratégias de ventilação mecânica, protetora e convencional, no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-06092016-163210/.
Full textBACKGROUND: Intra-operative lung-protective ventilation may reduce pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery. The protective role of a reduced tidal-volume (VT) has been established within this scenario, whereas the added- protection afforded by alveolar-recruiting strategies remains controversial. METHODS: In a prospective, controlled trial, we randomly assigned 320 high- risk adults presenting hypoxia afie r cardiac surgery to receive either an intensive alveolar-recruitment strategy (Intensive-RS) or a moderate alveolar- recruitment strategy (Moderate-RS), in addition to protective ventilation with small-v-. The maneuvers were applied shortly before extubation, without changing intraoperative care. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, which was assessed daily, till hospital discharge. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics and intra-operative procedures were similar between the two study-arms. Postoperative pulmonary complications, computed during the whole hospital stay, were significantly reduced in patients assigned to Intensive-RS (P = 0.002). Severe pulmonary complications occurred in 28 patients (17.8%) receiving Intensive-RS versus 47 patients (28.8%) receiving Moderate-RS (OR = 0.54; 95%CI:[0.32-0.91]; P = 0.02). The duration of hospital- stay was reduced from a mean of 12.4 days in the Moderate-RS to 10.9 days in the Intensive-RS (P = 0.037). The proportion of patients with hypoxemia at room air and who needed supplemental oxygen was lower in the Intensive-RS (59% versus 77%, P = 0.001). Also, the number of patients meeting strict criteria for noninvasive ventilation was lower in the Intensive-RS arm (4% versus 15% in the Moderate-RS, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A more intensive alveolar-recruitment strategy applied in hypoxemic patients after cardiac surgery may have long lasting benefits in pulmonary function, reducing postoperative complications and shortening the hospital stay
Stellansdottir, Lisa Katla. "Platsar plasten på plan? : En kvalitativ studie av problematiken med att minska spridningen av gummigranulat från konstgräsplaner i Lunds kommun." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157310.
Full textSports are a big contributing factor to social sustainability in Sweden. It promotes public health, activates the population and creates community. Soccer alone activates over 850 000 people each year in Sweden. One of the reasons for the high activity is that a big part of soccer is played on artificial turf fields. Artificial turf makes it possible to play all year round and increases the accessibility. Artificial turf is however, calculated to be the second largest source of micro plastic emissions in Sweden. This essay has therefore studied what barriers constitute the biggest obstacles for stakeholders in the municipality of Lund to limit the emissions of granulates from the artificial turfs. The used method was qualitative interviews with participants from the municipality and soccer teams, and an analysis of the material was made based on a theory of barriers for working with environmental issues by Stephen Trudgill (1990). The theory consists of six barriers needed to go from problem to solution and the barriers are; agreement, knowledge, technology, economy, social and political. Based on the interviews the interviewees were all in agreement about the importance of artificial turf for their businesses and they were all aware of a situation with emissions of granulates, but there was doubt about the problem and the extent of the problem, which was based on lack of knowledge and poorly communicated knowledge. They presented plenty of technological solutions but these alternatives must be evaluated considering their ecological and social appropriateness. All interviewees considered economy to be an important barrier and there is potential to further use economic incitements. The question of responsibility needs to be specified, but the interviewees also highlighted the need for cooperation and showed an openness towards sharing experiences and knowledge. There was expressed opinions about the need for more political directives to support operative decisions. In addition, more research is needed, regarding micro plastics in general and artificial turf in particular.
Schilling, Thomas. "The Immune Response to One-Lung Ventilation Clinical and Experimental Studies /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108851.
Full textTimenetsky, Karina Tavares. "Imagem e mecânica pulmonar regional em duas estratégias protetoras de ventilação mecânica (ARDSNet versus PEEP ajustada pela tomografia de impedância elétrica): um estudo de longo prazo em modelo experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-21062012-152646/.
Full textIntroduction: Protective ventilatory strategies have contributed for the reduction in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) mortality, but so far there is still debate which strategy is more effective. The ARDSNet strategy, used widely in the clinical practice, emphasizes in tidal volume reduction to minimize hiperdistension. The Open Lung Approach (OLA), besides the reduction of hiperdistension, emphasizes reduction of lung collapse to avoid tidal recruitment. The methods to adjust ideal PEEP in the OLA strategies have some imperfections: difficult implementation, do not allow regional lung evaluation or cant be performed at the bedside. The OLA strategy guided by Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) which allows a continuous and regional lung evaluation can bring benefits. Objective: Compare physiological effects (image, mechanics and gas exchange) during a period of 42 hours between two protective ventilatory strategies in an ARDS suine model (ARDSNet strategy x strategy guided by EIT PEEPTIE). Compare lung mechanics and gas exchange in both strategies at the end of 42 hours of ventilation, in the same ventilation condition, to evaluate the strategies longtime effects on lung parenchyma. Methods: Seven suines were submitted to mechanical ventilation for 42 hours in each ventilator strategy. Lung injury was induced by saline lavage associated to injurious mechanical ventilation. In the PEEPTIE arm, PEEP was selected by the electrical impedance tomography after a recruitment maneuver, trying to keep lung collapse at minimum, while the ARDSnet group followed a PEEPxFiO2 table. Tidal volume of 4-6ml/kg was maintained in both strategies, with a plateau pressure not higher than 30 cmH2O. Results: Oxygenation and lung mechanics were equally impaired in both arms after injury. During the 42 hours of protocol, gas exchange was significantly higher in the PEEPTIE arm as compared to the ARDSNet arm in the beginning (p< 0.01) and at the end of the protocol (p< 0.01). PEEP at the beginning of the protocol was similar between groups (p= 0.14), but at most part of the protocol and at the end, PEEP was significantly higher in the PEEPTIE arm (p< 0.01).There were no difference in plateau pressure (p=0.06). Driving pressure was significantly higher in the ARDSNet arm at the beginning (p= 0.03) and at the end (p= 0.00). Tidal recruitment was significantly higher in the ARDSNet arm (p < 0.01), and a higher percentage of non-aerated lung tissue (p= 0.029). At the end of the protocol, global lung compliance was significantly higher in the PEEPTIE arm (p=0.021), as for regional lung compliance (p= 0.002) and gas exchange (p= 0.048). Conclusion: The PEEPTIE strategy when compared to the ARDSNet strategy determined better gas exchange, lower percentage of collapse and tidal recruitment, besides better lung mechanics (global and regional). This improvement was maintained at the end of the 42 hours, when both groups were ventilated with the same parameters, suggesting that the PEEPTIE strategy determined less lung injury
Madke, Gabriel Ribeiro. "Avaliação de dois diferentes niveis de peep no desempenho pós-operatório dos enxertos pulmonares em modelo suíno de transplante pulmonar unilateral esquerdo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148205.
Full textObjective: Evaluate the effects of two different levels of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) on pigs submitted to unilateral lung transplantation through blood gas exchange [partial oxygen arterial pressure (PaO2) and partial carbon dioxide arterial pressure (PaCO2)], hemodynamics [heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP)], ventilatory parameters [mean airway pressure (P(aw)); static compliance (Cst) and airway resistance (Rest)], inflammatory response [interleukin 8 (IL-8)] and oxidative stress [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)]. Material and Methods: Twelve pigs were submitted to left lung transplantation. The animals were randomized into two groups of different PEEP levels: Group 1 (PEEP = 5cmH2O) and Group 2 (PEEP = 10cmH2O). Hemodynamics, gas exchange and respiratory mechanics were measured prior and after surgery for 210 minutes. Cytokines, oxidative stress and histological score were assessed in lung tissue. Results: Group 2 had significantly higher HR (p=0.006), Cst (p=0.001) and lower MAP (p=0.003) and Rest (p=0.001). There were no differences between both groups in TBARS, SOD and IL-8, concentration after transplant. However, at the end of the observation period, group 2 showed higher TBARS (p=0.001) and IL-8 (p=0.05) concentration and group 1 presented higher SOD (p=0.05) when compared to baseline. Conclusion: After unilateral lung transplantation, higher PEEP levels had no effect on gas exchange. Although, 10 cmH2O PEEP improved respiratory mechanics, it had a negative impact on hemodynamics and stimulated a high inflammatory response and production of reactive oxygen species.
Taniguchi, Leandro Utino. "Avaliação imunohistoquímica das alterações do citoesqueleto na parede alveolar em modelo experimental de lesão pulmonar induzida pela ventilação mecânica em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5159/tde-07122009-180201/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Mechanical ventilation is an important therapy, but is associated with complications. One of the most relevant is ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Due to alveolar hyperdistension, the lung initiates an inflammatory process, with neutrophilic infiltration, hyaline membrane formation, fibrogenesis and gas exchange impairment. In this process, cellular mechanotransduction of the overstretching stimulus is mediated through the cytoskeleton and its cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. But, although the cytoskeleton has this important role in the pathogenesis of VILI, there are no in vivo models for the research of cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton-associated proteins modifications during this pathological process. Our objective was to describe the immunohistochemical modifications during this process on the cytoskeleton and on two of its associated proteins (FAK and paxillin). METHODS: in this experimental study, three groups (n = 4 6) were studied: a control group and two ventilated for four hours with PEEP of 5 cmH2O. One group was ventilated with tidal volume of 8 mL/kg (LV) and the other with 24 mL/kg (HV). Data of respiratory mechanics were obtained at the beginning and the end of the experimental period. The lungs were evaluated with histomorphometry for parenchymal proportional area, neutrophilic infiltrate and perivascular edema, with Western Blot for phospho-FAK, phospho-paxillin, total paxillin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and alpha-tubulin, with confocal laser scanning microscopy for total paxillin, and with transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: the groups were similar at the baseline. Dynamic elastance (Edin) increased in LV group and decreased in HV group (Edin initial to final: 0.76 ± 0.4 vs. 1.02 ± 0.47 respectively, in cmH2O/ml; p = 0.001). There was no difference in the parenchymal proportional area or the perivascular edema in the three groups. Mechanical ventilation induced pulmonary neutrophilic infiltration, both in the LV group and the HV group in comparison with control (p < 0.001). The infiltrate was more important in the HV group than in the LV group (p = 0.003). Phospho-FAK increased 40% in the HV group in Western Blot in comparison with control (p=0.069). Phosphopaxillin increased significantly in HV group compared with control (p<0.001) and with LV (p<0.001). Total paxillin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and alpha-tubulin did not show any differences. Confocal microscopy showed total paxillin labeling at alveolar septa. Electron microscopy suggested cytoskeleton reorganization at the zonula adherens in the AV group. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical ventilation induces pulmonary injury with neutrophilic infiltrate in a dose-dependent relationship. Ventilation with high tidal volume promotes FAK and paxillin phosphorilation. The alterations in cytoskeleton in an in vivo model of VILI are possible to be studied with confocal microscopy, Western Blot and electron microscopy.
Laurent, Rémy. "Simulation du mouvement pulmonaire personnalisé par réseau de neurones artificiels pour la radiothérapie externe." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800360.
Full textJunior, Carlos Toufen. "Desfechos tardios de sobreviventes de ensaio clínico randomizado controlado (protocolo ARDSnet vs. Open Lung Approach para o manejo ventilatório da síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo moderado-grave)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-01072016-090512/.
Full textEven after lung-protective ventilation had become the standard of care for acute respiratory distress syndrome, about 25% of moderate/severe acute respiratory distress syndrome patients present reduction in lung function at 6 months of follow-up. It is not known whether this reduction is related to the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome or associated with mechanical ventilation strategy. Our aim was to evaluate the association between the functional impairment and mechanical ventilation. We performed a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in acute respiratory distress syndrome that included patients with moderate/severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in six intensive care units at an academic tertiary hospital. Were analyzed data from patients who had at least one pulmonary function test at the follow-up. A pulmonary function test that included forced vital capacity, lung volumes and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity was performed at one, two and six months of follow-up. We considered as independent risk factors tidal volume, driving pressure and positive end expiratory pressure (all measured 24 hours after randomization), and a severity of disease classification system (APACHE II), the PaO2/FIO2 ratio and static respiratory compliance (all measured before randomization). We performed also a high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs in the same time of the pulmonary function test if it was possible with a quantitative analysis. At 6 months after acute respiratory distress syndrome, a six minute walk test and a quality of life questionnaire (short form-36 questionnaire) were performed. A total of 21 patients performed the test after one month and 15 patients performed after 2 and 6 months follow-up. At one, two and six months, forced vital capacity was related to driving pressure (p < 0.01). Carbon monoxide diffusion capacity was related to driving pressure (p < 0.01) and to APACHE II (p < 0.01) at one and two months. At six months of follow-up driving pressure was associated with lower FVC independently of tidal volume, plateau pressure and baseline static respiratory compliance after adjustments (r2 = 0.51, p = 0.02). Driving pressure was related with total lung volume, mean lung density and percentage of non or poorly aerated compartments in total lung volume measured by quantitative analysis of computed tomography at 6 months. Driving pressure was also related to quality of life at 6 months of follow-up. Despite using a lung-protective ventilation strategy, after 6 months we still observed lung function impairment and driving pressure was the only ventilation parameter correlated with pulmonary function changes. We concluded that even in patients ventilated with low tidal volume, greater driving pressure was associated with worse long-term pulmonary function
Volpe, Márcia Souza. "Estudo de três estratégias de ventilação artificial protetora: alta freqüência, baixa freqüência e baixa freqüência associada à insuflação de gás traqueal, em modelo experimental de SARA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-11082010-102833/.
Full textIntroduction: One of the major goals in ARDS is to find the best protective mechanical ventilation strategy, which minimizes lung stress and optimizes gas exchange. Theoretically, these two goals can be accomplished by simultaneously avoiding alveolar overdistension and cyclic collapse of unstable alveolar units. Pushing further the rationale of this strategy, two new strategies have been proposed: high frequency oscillatory mechanical ventilation (HFOV) and intra-tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) associated with permissive hypercapnia and conventional frequencies. Objective: To determine which of the three protective modalities of mechanical ventilation, HFOV, low-frequency-protective ventilation (LFV), or LFV associated with tracheal gas insufflation (TGI), was the most protective strategy in an ARDS rabbit model during six hours of mechanical ventilation. Material and methods: The animals (n = 45) were submitted to repeated saline lavage until PaO2 < 100 mmHg. Immediately after lung injury, a P/V curve was obtained to calculate inspiratory/expiratory work and energy dissipated during lung inflation. Thereafter, the animals were randomized into one of three groups: LFV, HFOV or TGI. The optimal PEEP or PMEAN was obtained during a PEEP/PaO2 (or PMEAN/PaO2) curve which was preceded by a recruiting maneuver. The animals of the LFV and TGI groups were initially ventilated in PCV with diving pressure = 8 cmH2O and frequency = 60 b/m. The only initial difference between these two arms was that the TGI group had a continuous tracheal flow = 1 L/min. The animals in the HFOV were initially ventilated with an oscillatory pressure amplitude = 45 cmH2O and frequency = 10 Hz. All animals were ventilated with FiO2 = 1.0. Driving pressure was then adjusted in LFV and TGI groups to maintain a PaCO2 = 90-110 mmHg, while in HFO the pressure amplitude was adjusted to maintain a PaCO2 = 45-55 mmHg. At the end of the experiment, after 6 hours of ventilation, another P/V curve was obtained. BAL and bloods samples were drawn before and after the period of ventilation to determine IL-8 levels. The left lung was processed for histological analysis and for wet weight/dry weight (ww/dw) ratio. Results: We observed no differences in PaO2 among the groups. PaCO2 was significantly lower at HFO (59 ± 3 mmHg) when compared with LFV (99 ± 4 mmHg) and TGI (80 ± 3 mmHg) groups. Tidal volume was significantly lower in TGI and HFO groups when compared with LFV group. Soon after injury, all groups required similar energy for lung inflation (inspiratory work), but the VP group was the only one not presenting any improvement in this parameter after 6 hours (P<0.001). Concerning the expiratory work, the VP strategy was the only one presenting an increase in the expiratory work along the 6 hours (P<0.001). The TGI and HFOV groups showed the highest polymorphonuclear cell concentration in lung tissue (P=0.008) and trends towards a higher surface/volume index (P=0.14), higher IL8 gradient (difference between IL8 in BAL and plasma) and lower ww/dw ratio at the end of 6 hours of ventilation (P=0.17). Discussion: The lower energy for lung inflation after six hours of ventilation reflected the reduction of opening pressures and better surfactant function during ventilation under TGI and HFOV strategies. The increase in expiratory work during the VP strategy further suggests that the surfactant quality deteriorated under this strategy. In the TGI and HFOV groups, the higher concentration of polymorphonuclear cells and the trend towards a higher IL8 gradient between the lung and blood may suggest a better integrity of the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to less release of compartmentalized mediators within the alveolar space. Besides the higher tidal volumes used during VP, this strategy required inspiratory pressures progressively higher along the hours, due to frequent and necessary adjustments of tidal volumes or pressures according to the gas-exchange requirements. Conclusion: An aggressive reduction of tidal volume and driving pressures was beneficial during protective strategies, even when an optimization of lung recruitment was already in place. The TGI strategy showed to be an attractive alternative to HFOV, presenting some advantages in terms of implementation and predictability of response.
Almeida, Francine Maria de. "Efeitos da suplementação com creatina na lesão de isquemia e reperfusão após transplante pulmonar unilateral em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5156/tde-15032018-102313/.
Full textIschemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is an event that can increase the risk of death after lung transplantation (LTx) by activating the innate immune system to induce inflammation. In ischemia events, oxygen supply is below metabolic requirements, resulting in depletion of ATP cellular reserves and increased production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). In addition, IRI triggers an intense inflammatory process characterized mainly by the presence of activated neutrophils and macrophages, which release innumerable inflammatory mediators, perpetuating the inflammation. Our initial hypothesis was that creatine supplementation (Cr) could attenuate IRI by increasing phosphocreatine (PCr) levels in cells, which would facilitate the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), promoting the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ levels, thus discouraging the formation of ROS and, consequently, decreasing the inflammatory process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of Cr supplementation in the attenuation of IRI in rats underwent to LTx in according to inflammatory, structural and functional aspects of the lung tissue. Sixty Sprague Dawley male rats were distributed into four groups: A90, control / water + 90 minutes of ischemia; Cr90, creatine + 90 minutes of ischemia; A180, control / water + 180 minutes of ischemia; Cr180, creatine + 180 minutes of ischemia. Donor animals received creatine (0.5g/kg/day) daily for five days prior to LTx. Animals in the control group received only the vehicle. The donor`s lung remained in cold ischemia for 90 or 180 minutes and then, were implanted and reperfused during 120 minutes. After reperfusion, respiratory mechanics data were performed and collected samples of exhaled air, arterial and peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary tissue. The parameters evaluated were: airway resistance, resistance and elastance of the pulmonary tissue, exhaled nitric oxide, partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide, serum creatinine, inflammatory cells, edema index, PCNA, Caspase-3, TLR 4 and 7, IL1-beta, IL6, TNF-alpha, IL10, and CINC1. The animals treated with Cr showed an improvement in pulmonary mechanics, serum creatinine levels, and arterial blood gases. In addition, there was a decrease in the exhaled fraction of nitric oxide and in the inflammation in the peripheral blood, BALF, and pulmonary parenchyma in creatine-treated animals. These rats also had a decrease in the proliferation and apoptosis of inflammatory cells, TLR4, IL6, and CINC1. Moreover, there was an increase in the IL10 levels after Cr treatment. We conclude that pre-treatment with Cr has a protective effect on IRI after LTx in rats
Yoshioka, Eliane Muta. "Alterações pulmonares e sistêmicas em modelo de lesão pulmonar aguda de etiologia pulmonar e extra pulmonar após ventilação mecânica de curto prazo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-03092010-144329/.
Full textLung inflammation may vary according to the primary site of injury and may be affected by the mechanical stress generated by mechanical ventilation (MV). Objectives: to address possible differences in lung and systemic responses in pulmonary and extra pulmonary ALI after mechanical ventilation. Methods: BALB/c mice were divided in twelve groups of six animals. In pulmonary and extrapulmonary control or ALI groups received either saline or LPS (intratracheally instilled or intraperitoneally injected), respectively. Ventilated groups were either recruited or not with a single recruitment maneuver (SRM) reaching 45 cm H2O. Results: At baseline ALI P and ALI EXP non ventilated groups presented the same level of inflammation; a statistically significant difference in density of inflammatory cells was noted in ALI P MV (3,84±1,28 cells/2) compared to ALI EXP MV (1,75±0,14 cells/2), p=0,013. The same was observed in ALI P SRM (2,92±0,44 cells/2) compared to ALI EXP SRM (1,46±0,23 cells/2) ventilated groups (p<0,0001). ALI P showed a statistically significant increase in El (56,19 ± 12,26 cm H2O) in comparison to ALI EXP (26,88 ± 36,38 cm H2O) after SRM (p = 0,029). No statistical differences were observed in kidney oxidative stress. Conclusion: We observed a different pattern of response in lung inflammation and mechanics comparing pulmonary and extra pulmonary ALI, submitted to short term mechanical ventilation. Although mechanical ventilation represents a fundamental tool to stabilize critical patients, it is essential to individualize the approach of the ventilatory treatment
Hirota, Adriana Sayuri. "Avaliação da correlação entre a tomografia de impedância elétrica e o volume corrente aplicado durante o suporte ventilatório mecânico invasivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-20032019-081435/.
Full textRationale: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive imaging tool that reconstructs a cross-sectional image of the lung\'s regional conductivity using electrodes placed circumferentially around the thorax. It is able to detect changes of lung air content and tidal volume (VT) distribution. However, better evaluation of its capacity to quantify VT variations is necessary. The aim of our study was to assess the correlation between volume estimated by EIT and tidal volume applied at different positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP). Methods: Initially, in an experimental study five mechanically ventilated pigs monitored by EIT were studied. VT increments (100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mL) were applied with a calibrated syringe at zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) and PEEP levels of 5, 10 and 20 cmH2O before and after lung-injury (induced by saline lavage). Another five pigs was monitored by EIT and x-ray computed tomography (CT). VT increments (250, 500 and 1000 mL) were applied with a calibrated syringe at zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) and PEEP levels of 10 and 20 cmH2O before and after lung-injury. Lung air volume was calculated at CT scan and the amplitude of impedance change measured by EIT was converted to volume (mL). Correlation and agreement analysis was performed at \"R\" program (© R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Results: At ZEEP, volume estimated by EIT and volume calculated at CT obtained r2 = 0.90 and 0.96 respectively, when compared to calibrated syringe. The coefficient of correlation between EIT and calibrated syringe impaired (0.90; 0.89 and 0.81 with PEEP of 5; 10 and 20, respectively) with increase of the lung volume due to increased PEEP. CT showed a progressive displacement of the air content to the caudal thoracic levels with the increase of the lung volume. Conclusion: EIT is able to estimate tidal volume during mechanical ventilatory support when used volumes and pressures usually applied at bedside
Moderno, Eliana Vieira. "Efeito da ventilação assistida proporcional na capacidade ao exercício em pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5163/tde-01062007-130618/.
Full textThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ventilatory support using proportional assist ventilation (PAV) on exercise capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ten patients were submitted to a cardiopulmonary exercise testing, lung function and 3 submaximal exercise tests (60% of maximum load): without ventilatory support, with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and PAV. Exercise capacity, cardiovascular and ventilatory adaptations and subjective perception to effort in lower limb and respiratory breathing were evaluated. Lactate plasmatic levels were obtained before and after submaximal exercise. Our results show that submaximal exercise capacity duration was increased with PAV compared with CPAP and without ventilatory support. (respectively, 11.10±8.88 min, 5.60±4.74 e 4.50±3.84 min). Ventilatory support with PAV lead to a lower cardiovascular demand such as double product and heart rate decreased. An improved arterial oxygenation and lower subjective perception to effort was also observed in patients with IPF when exercise was performed with PAV. Our results suggest that ventilatory support with PAV can increase exercise tolerance and decrease dyspnea in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Anjos, Carlos Frederico Dantas. "Ventilação mecânica não invasiva com pressão positiva em vias aéreas, em pacientes HIV/AIDS com lesão pulmonar aguda e insuficiência respiratória: estudo de avaliação do melhor valor de PEEP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5167/tde-09112011-134108/.
Full textINTRODUTION: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pandemic, and lung diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and are often associated with respiratory infections, hypoxemia and death. The noninvasive ventilation with positive pressure refers to the provision of mechanical ventilatory assistance without the need for artificial airway invasion, being recognized for improving oxygenation and dyspnea in patients with hipoxemic respiratory failure. Patients with AIDS and hypoxemic respiratory failure often require invasive mechanical ventilation, which is independently associated with mortality. Given the uncertainties about response in oxygenation with PEEP in patients with AIDS with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and using the rational for progressive pressurization of the airway and its potential benefits on blood oxygenation, we made the hypothesis that increased levels of sequential PEEP up to 15 cmH2O may improve blood oxygenation without affecting the comfort and hemodynamics of the patient. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different sequences of PEEP levels on gas exchange, the sensation of dyspnea and hemodynamics in patients with AIDS and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The secondary objective was to assess the time free of invasive mechanical ventilation in 28 days and hospital mortality within 60 days. METHODS: We studied 30 adults patients with HIV/AIDS and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. All patients received a randomized sequence of noninvasive PEEP (the values used were 5,10 or 15 cmH2O) for twenty minutes. PEEP was delivered via face mask with pressure support (PSV) of 5 cmH2O and FiO2 = 1. A washout period of 20 minutes with spontaneous breathing was allowed between each PEEP trial. Clinical variables and arterial blood gases were recorded after each PEEP step. RESULTS: Analyzing the 30 patients, oxygenation improved linearly with increasing PEEP, however studying the patients randomized according to the initial PEEP, oxygenation was similar regardless of the first randomized PEEP (5,10 or 15 cmH2O), and only the subgroup with initial PEEP = 5 cmH2O further improve the oxygenation when high PEEP were used. The PaCO2 also rose beside the PEEP elevation, especially with a PEEP = 15 cmH2O. The use of PSV = 5 cmH2O was associated with significant and consistent improvement of subjective sensation of dyspnea and respiratory rate with a PEEP from 0 to 15 cmH2O. CONCLUSION: AIDS-patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure improve oxygenation with a progressive sequential elevation of PEEP up to 15 cmH2O, however the elevation of PaCO2 limit the PEEP up to 10 cmH2O. A PSV = 5 cmH2O promotes an improvement of subjective sensation of dyspnea independently from the use of PEEP
Martins, Alessandro Rodrigues de Carvalho. "Avaliação da hiperinsuflação pulmonar em felinos domésticos submetidos à ventilação por pressão controlada analisados por meio da tomografia computadorizada helicoidal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-20102014-122256/.
Full textMechanical ventilation is crucial to blood oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal during sedation or general anesthesia. However, lung structure alterations may occur during anesthesia induction period, characterized by emergence of end-expiration collapse and alveolar overinsuflation zones during the inspiratory period, leading to lung injury associated to mechanical ventilation. Since there is no consensus on the best strategy to intraoperative mechanical ventilation in small animals undergoing surgery and general anesthesia, the aim of this study was to evaluate pulmonary hyperinflation at different pressure levels in the airways by computed tomography in cats undergoing general anesthesia. There were used 17 male adult cats undergoing controlled pressure mechanical ventilation, starting at a peak pressure of 5 cmH2O at \"ZEEP\", rising steeply 2 cmH2O every 5 minutes until reaching 15 cmH2O and then descending steeply each 2 cmH2O 5 minutes until it reached 5 cmH2O. The respiratory rate was maintained at 15 movements per minute and inspiratory time on 1 second, regardless of EtCO2. Immediately each pressure increase, it was performed an inspiratory pause of 4 seconds to perform the tomographic image, collect respiratory mechanic\'s data and arterial blood gases. inspiratory pressure 5cmH2O had shown lower hyperinflated areas (4,68±4,7%) and larger normoaerated areas (83,6%±6,24%) compared to other times of ascension. The pressure of 5cmH2O demonstrated to be the most protective ventilation for cats with intact lung, because it showed the largest normoaerated area with good oxygenation despite presenting acidemia by respiratory acidosis. This fact can be controlled by increasing or decreasing respiratory rate and inspiratory time
Couto, Lara Poletto. "Estudo do funcionamento da ventilação assistida proporcional plus em um sistema pulmonar mecânico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-25102012-164038/.
Full textBACKGROUND: Proportional assist ventilation plus (PAV+) is a new concept of assist ventilatory support conceived to act according to the levels of inspiratory efforts, respiratory mechanics and percentages levels of assistance. This complex interaction among the factors commanding its function is difficult to detect in clinical setting. This study aimed to provoke changes in compliance, resistance and inspiratory efforts in a lung simulator to understand the responses of PAV+ support. METHODS: In the Mechanical Ventilation Laboratory at University of São Paulo, an Inter Plus ventilator (Intermed ®) connected to lung simulator (Michigan Instruments Inc) acted triggering Puritan-Bennett 840 ventilator (Covidien ®) at different levels of inspiratory efforts. Expiratory tidal volumes were measured and compared (ANOVA-2-way) at 10 levels of PAV+ support (from 5% to 95%), 3 levels of lung simulator compliance (50, 100, 150 mL/cmH20), 3 levels of airway resistance (5, 20, 50 cmH20/L/s) and 4 levels of inspiratory effort ( -2, -5, -8, -15 cmH20). RESULTS: A total of 360 tidal volumes were measured. They increased significantly during increment of inspiratory efforts and during higher inspiratory efforts with higher compliances. They decreased significantly during respiratory resistance increments, especially when combined with low inspiratory efforts and compliances. Runaway occurred during PAV+ support of 95% combined with high respiratory resistance and compliance. CONCLUSIONS: PAV+ responded adequately to provoked changes in the tested respiratory compliances and inspiratory efforts. It responded to very high resistance only when associated with high inspiratory efforts. There was no runaway phenomenon during PAV+ assistance below 95%.
Dash, Shari Anne Ahmed El. "Estudo tomográfico de pressões de colapso alveolar e níveis isogravitacionais em pulmões de pacientes com SDRA e LPA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5159/tde-25062009-113611/.
Full textA prospective clinical study performed on 11 patients with ARDS or ALI with the intention of studying the regional behavior of lung tissue density and alveolar collapse along the three spatial axes. An initial recruitment maneuver was followed by multiple semi-complete CT scans at descending levels of PEEP. Multiple linear regression (R2=0.83) showed a gravitational gradient of densities and collapse (p<0.001) and no cephalo-caudal (p<0.001) or right-toleft increase (p<0.05), corroborating the liquid-like behavior of the lung. Pressure exerted by mediastinal structures, chest wall and effusions is transmitted uniformly throughout the lung. PEEP has a homogenizing effect on lung parenchyma. Among commonly used clinical surrogates, Pflex showed the worst correlation with actual lung collapse, while arterial PO2 and compliance were equivalent.
Bousso, Albert. ""Avaliação da relação entre espaço morto e volume corrente como índice preditivo de sucesso na retirada da ventilação mecânica de crianças gravemente enfermas"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-08082005-121343/.
Full textThe ideal moment for extubation of critically ill children is still difficult to determine. The dead-space : tidal volume ratio (Vd/Vt) has been tested as predictor of extubation failure in adults and children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Vd/Vt as a predictor of the success of extubation in children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 86 patients were studied during 16 months. The statistical study revealed that the mean Vd/Vt was not able to discriminate between failure and success of extubation in the multivariate analysis. The utility of the Vd/Vt was limited, in terms of sensibility and specificity, using a cutoff of 0,65, but was medially satisfactory in the likelihood ratio. This study suggests that the Vd/Vt can only be considered as complementary to the routine clinical evaluation prior to extubation.
Souza, Raquel Belmino de. "Detecção da abertura e colapso alveolar durante o ciclo ventilatório através da tomografia de impedância elétrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-07022012-102823/.
Full textIntroduction: Cyclic opening and closure of alveolar units during the respiratory cycle, or tidal recruitment (TR), is a harmful mechanism of ventilation induced lung injury. It is frequent, especially in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, but can occur in normal lungs under mechanical ventilation, because of an insufficient PEEP. Oxygen concentration (FiO2) can modulate collapse and low FiO2 can delay it. Electrical Impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive imaging tool that reconstructs a cross-sectional image of lungs regional resistivity using electrodes placed around the thorax. EIT is a useful imaging tool for regional ventilation monitoring, as proved by many studies. We hypothesized that is possible to detect and quantify the occurrence of TR by EIT. Seven pigs tracheostomized, sedated and using neuromuscular blockade were submitted to mechanical ventilation. A recruitment maneuver (RM) using plateau pressure = 50cmH2O and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) = 35cmH2O for 2 minutes was applied. After, animals were ventilated in volume controlled ventilation mode (VCV), with a tidal volume (Vt) =10ml/kg, inspiratory flow=10l/min, respiratory frequency=10irpm, FiO2=100%. Decremental PEEP (20-10-3cmH2O) steps were applied with 10 minutes intervals between them. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) images were done with a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) = Plateau pressure achieved in VCV and PEEP applied, simulating an inspiration and expiration respectively. EIT was acquired continuously during the protocol. RM was repeated and then protocol was repeated, using FiO2=40%. Lung injury was induced (with lung lavage - SF 0.9% until SpO2< 95%). After protocol was repeated including both FiO2. Two TR detectors were tested; an original imaging tool created by our group (Method 1) and a second imaging tool created in a recent study by Putensen. (Method 2). Both methods were compared to CT. Results: A progressive alveolar collapse during decremental PEEP was observed, always greater with FiO2=100% (versus FiO2=40%) and after lung injury (versus before lung injury). Linear regression analysis for Methods 1 and 2 showed for Method1 R2=0.578 and Method 2 R2=0,409. Correlations were better when FiO2=100% was considered individually; Method1 - R²=0,756 and Method2 - R²=0,646. ROC curve presented an area under the curve better for Method1 (0,86) related to Method2 (0,79). Logistic regression also showed better result for Method1. ANOVA was used to test influence of variables as PEEP, lung lesion, FiO2 and Plateau pressure on tidal recruitment. Method1 and CT were tested. The main difference between them was that Method 1 was not influenced by FiO2. Conclusion: Method 1 was superior than 2 for TR detection with sufficient specificity and sensibility for a trial on clinical application. Tidal recruitment detection by Method1 was not influenced by FiO2, but it was for CT, what was supported by results of lung mechanic (plateau pressure). Under lower FiO2 (40%) occurred an underestimation of TR by CT, once the change in ventilation occurs even in lower FiO2 which is not detected by CT. CT is also influenced by partial volume effect, what didn´t occurred with EIT
Barreira, Eliane Roseli. "Utilização da nova definição de Berlim no diagnóstico da síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo em crianças criticamente doentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-13062018-083515/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: In 1994, the American-European Consensus Conference first established the diagnostic criteria to define Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Since then, these criteria have been used to define the syndrome in both adults and children. In 2012, a new definition - the so-called Berlin definition - was proposed to be used in adults, but no references were made regarding its applicability in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, outcomes and risk factors associated with the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in children according to the Berlin definition as compared with the American-European Consensus Conference definition. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter cohort study conducted from March to September 2013 at eight Pediatric Intensive Care Units located at the state of Sao Paulo. All children aged 1 month to 15 years old who met eligibility criteria were evaluated daily for the presence of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome according to the American-European Consensus Conference and the Berlin definitions, and related outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 562 patients included, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome developed in 58 (10.3%) and 57 (10%) patients, according to the American-European Consensus Conference and the Berlin definitions, respectively. Among patients diagnosed according to the Berlin definition, 9 (16%) were classified as mild, 21 (37%) moderate, and 27 (47%) severe. Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome had a significantly higher number of comorbidities, higher severity scores at admission, longer hospital length of stay, longer duration of mechanical ventilation and higher mortality (p < 0.05) than patients who did not develop the syndrome. Comparisons across the three severity categories according to the Berlin definition showed significant differences in the number of ventilator-free days (21, 20 and 5 days, p < 0.001) and mortality (0.15% and 41%, p < 0.02) for patients with mild, moderate and severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, respectively. Differences were observed only for patients with severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome compared with the two other severity groups. No differences in Pediatric Intensive Care or hospital length of stay were observed across the three categories. CONCLUSIONS: The Berlin definition can identify a subgroup of patients with distinctly worse outcomes, as shown by the reduced number of ventilator-free days and higher mortality for children with severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Cordioli, Ricardo Luiz. "Efeitos fisiológicos da ventilação de alta frequência usando ventilador convencional em um modelo experimental de insuficiência respiratória grave." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-10102012-111936/.
Full textIntroduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a high incidence and mortality between critical ill patients. The mechanical ventilation is the most important support for these patients with ARDS. However, until now there is an important debate about how is the best ventilatory strategy to use, because the mechanical ventilation if not well set can cause lung injury and increase mortality. The use of high tidal volume is one of the most important mechanics of ventilation induced lung injury and there is evidence in the literature that using low tidal volume is a protective ventilation with better survival. Objective: To explore if high frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) delivered by a conventional ventilator (Servo-300) is able to allow further tidal volume reductions and to stabilize PaCO2 in a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model initially ventilated with a protective ventilation. Methods: A prospective and experimental laboratory study where eight Agroceres pigs were instrumented and followed by induction of acute lung injury with sequential pulmonary lavages and injurious ventilation. Afterwards, the animals were ventilated with a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg, followed by a randomized sequence of respiratory rates (30, 60, 60 with pauses of 10 and 30% of the inspiratory time, 90, 120, 150, 60 with alveolar recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration and 5 Hertz of HFOV), until PaCO2 stabilization between 57 63 mmHg for 30 minutes. The Servo-300 ventilator was used for HFPPV and the ventilator SensorMedics 3100B was used for HFOV. Data are shown as median (P25th,P75th). Measurements and Main Results: Animals weight was 34 [29,36] kg. After lung injury, the P/F ratio, pulmonary shunt and static compliance of animals were 92 [63,118] mmHg, 26 [17,31] % and 11 [8,14] mL/cmH2O respectively. The total PEEP used was 14 [10,17] cmH2O throughout the experiment. From the respiratory rates of 35 (while ventilating with 6 mL/kg) to 150 breaths/ minute, the PaCO2 was 81 [78,92] mmHg and 60 [58,63] mmHg (P=0.001), the tidal volume progressively felt from 6.1 [5.9,6.2] to 3.8 [3.7,4.2] mL/kg (P<0.001), the plateau pressure was 29 [26,30] and 27[25,29] cmH2O (P=0.306) respectively. There were no detrimental effects in the hemodynamics and blood oxygenation, while the animals were using a FiO2 = 1. Conclusions: During protective mechanical ventilation, HFPPV delivered by a conventional ventilator in a severe ARDS swine model allows further tidal volume reductions. This strategy also allowed the maintenance of PaCO2 in clinically acceptable levels
Midander, Klara. "Metal Particles – Hazard or Risk? Elaboration and Implementation of a Research Strategy from a Surface and Corrosion Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11695.
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