Journal articles: 'Artificial Lungs'

1

Strueber, Martin. "Artificial Lungs." Thoracic Surgery Clinics 25, no. 1 (February 2015): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thorsurg.2014.09.009.

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Naito, Noritsugu, Keith Cook, Yoshiya Toyoda, and Norihisa Shigemura. "Artificial Lungs for Lung Failure." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 72, no. 14 (October 2018): 1640–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.049.

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Syed, Ahad, Sarah Kerdi, and Adnan Qamar. "Bioengineering Progress in Lung Assist Devices." Bioengineering 8, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8070089.

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Artificial lung technology is advancing at a startling rate raising hopes that it would better serve the needs of those requiring respiratory support. Whether to assist the healing of an injured lung, support patients to lung transplantation, or to entirely replace native lung function, safe and effective artificial lungs are sought. After 200 years of bioengineering progress, artificial lungs are closer than ever before to meet this demand which has risen exponentially due to the COVID-19 crisis. In this review, the critical advances in the historical development of artificial lungs are detailed. The current state of affairs regarding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, intravascular lung assists, pump-less extracorporeal lung assists, total artificial lungs, and microfluidic oxygenators are outlined.

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Cook, K. E. "Compliant artificial lungs." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S255—S256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83972-2.

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Zwischenberger, Joseph B., and Scott K. Alpard. "Artificial lungs: a new inspiration." Perfusion 17, no. 4 (July 2002): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267659102pf586oa.

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An estimated 16 million Americans are afflicted with some degree of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), accounting for 100,000 deaths per year. The only current treatment for chronic irreversible pulmonary failure is lung transplantation. Since the widespread success of single and double lung transplantation in the early 1990s, demand for donor lungs has steadily outgrown the supply. Unlike dialysis, which functions as a bridge to renal transplantation, or a ventricular assist device (VAD), which serves as a bridge to cardiac transplantation, no suitable bridge to lung transplantation exists. The current methods for supporting patients with lung disease, however, are not adequate or efficient enough to act as a bridge to transplantation. Although occasionally successful as a bridge to transplant, ECMO requires multiple transfusions and is complex, labor-intensive, time-limited, costly, non-ambulatory and prone to infection. Intravenacaval devices, such as the intravascular oxygenator (IVOX) and the intravenous membrane oxygenator (IMO), are surface area limited and currently provide inadequate gas exchange to function as a bridge-to-recovery or transplant. A successful artificial lung could realize a substantial clinical impact as a bridge to lung transplantation, a support device immediately post-lung transplant, and as rescue and//or supplement to mechanical ventilation during the treatment of severe respiratory failure.

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Matheis, Georg. "New technologies for respiratory assist." Perfusion 18, no. 4 (July 2003): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267659103pf684oa.

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‘The artificial lung especially has lingered behind progress with artificial hearts and ventricular assist devices, not because the need for lungs has not been recognized, but because we have not had a full understanding of the engineering problems and the unique material requirements until recent years.’1 Brack Hattler, MD PhD The development from the first clinical use of haemo-dialysis over five decades ago to widespread chronic treatment took more than two decades. The histories of other artificial organ technologies, such as artificial hearts, follow similar long development paths. For five decades, due to a lack of technology, artificial lungs have been limited to use with a heart-lung machine for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The advent of pumpless biocompatible artificial lungs will open new treatment options for patients with acute or chronic lung failure.

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Zwischenberger, Joseph B. "Future of Artificial Lungs." ASAIO Journal 50, no. 6 (November 2004): xlix—li. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mat.0000147957.59788.b8.

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8

Ota, Kei. "Advances in artificial lungs." Journal of Artificial Organs 13, no. 1 (February 23, 2010): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10047-010-0492-1.

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Dierickx, Peter W., Filip De Somer, Dirk S. De Wachter, Guido Van Nooten, and Pascal R. Verdonck. "Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Artificial Lungs." ASAIO Journal 46, no. 5 (September 2000): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200009000-00004.

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Dierickx, P., D. De Wachter, F. De Somer, G. Van Nooten, and P. Verdonck. "HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTIFICIAL LUNGS." ASAIO Journal 45, no. 2 (March 1999): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-199903000-00102.

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11

Lee, Jung-Kyoo, Mayfair C. Kung, Harold H. Kung, and Lyle F. Mockros. "MICROCHANNEL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ARTIFICIAL LUNGS." ASAIO Journal 52, no. 2 (March 2006): 66A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200603000-00277.

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12

Potkay, Joseph A. "The promise of microfluidic artificial lungs." Lab Chip 14, no. 21 (2014): 4122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc00828f.

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13

Wilson, Clare. "Small is wearable for artificial lungs." New Scientist 233, no. 3118 (March 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(17)30552-3.

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Biever, Celeste. "A slimming treatment for artificial lungs." New Scientist 194, no. 2598 (April 2007): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(07)60865-3.

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15

Dabaghi, Mohammadhossein, Niels Rochow, Neda Saraei, Rupesh Kumar Mahendran, Gerhard Fusch, Anthony K. C. Chan, John L. Brash, Christoph Fusch, and Ponnambalam Ravi Selvaganapathy. "Miniaturization of Artificial Lungs toward Portability." Advanced Materials Technologies 5, no. 7 (May 19, 2020): 2000136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.202000136.

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Dierickx, Peter W., Dirk S. De Wachter, Filip De Somer, Guido Van Nooten, and Pascal R. Verdonck. "Mass Transfer Characteristics of Artificial Lungs." ASAIO Journal 47, no. 6 (November 2001): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200111000-00012.

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Burgess, Kristie A., Qing Yang, William R. Wagner, and William J. Federspiel. "DEVELOPMENT OF MICROFABRICATED BIOHYBRID ARTIFICIAL LUNGS." ASAIO Journal 51, no. 2 (March 2005): 53A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200503000-00211.

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18

Kaar, Joel L., Heung-Il Oh, Alan J. Russell, and William J. Federspiel. "Towards improved artificial lungs through biocatalysis." Biomaterials 28, no. 20 (July 2007): 3131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.03.021.

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19

Wagner, Willi L., Felix Wuennemann, Serena Pacilé, Jonas Albers, Fulvia Arfelli, Diego Dreossi, Jürgen Biederer, et al. "Towards synchrotron phase-contrast lung imaging in patients – a proof-of-concept study on porcine lungs in a human-scale chest phantom." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 6 (October 24, 2018): 1827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518013401.

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In-line free propagation phase-contrast synchrotron tomography of the lungs has been shown to provide superior image quality compared with attenuation-based computed tomography (CT) in small-animal studies. The present study was performed to prove the applicability on a human-patient scale using a chest phantom with ventilated fresh porcine lungs. Local areas of interest were imaged with a pixel size of 100 µm, yielding a high-resolution depiction of anatomical hallmarks of healthy lungs and artificial lung nodules. Details like fine spiculations into surrounding alveolar spaces were shown on a micrometre scale. Minor differences in artificial lung nodule density were detected by phase retrieval. Since we only applied a fraction of the X-ray dose used for clinical high-resolution CT scans, it is believed that this approach may become applicable to the detailed assessment of focal lung lesions in patients in the future.

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20

Eisenstein, Michael. "Artificial organs: Honey, I shrunk the lungs." Nature 519, no. 7544 (March 2015): S16—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/519s16a.

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Lee, J. K., H. H. Kung, and L. F. Mockros. "Microchannel Technologies for Artificial Lungs: (1) Theory." ASAIO Journal 54, no. 4 (July 2008): 372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mat.0b013e31817ed9e1.

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22

Englisz, Marek, and Marek Darowski. "Artificial ventilation of the lungs for emergencies." Frontiers of Medical and Biological Engineering 10, no. 3 (2000): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685570052062576.

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23

Orizondo, Ryan A., Arturo J. Cardounel, Robert Kormos, and Pablo G. Sanchez. "Artificial Lungs: Current Status and Future Directions." Current Transplantation Reports 6, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40472-019-00255-0.

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24

Swol, Justyna, Norihisa Shigemura, Shingo Ichiba, Ulrich Steinseifer, Masaki Anraku, and Roberto Lorusso. "Artificial lungs––Where are we going with the lung replacement therapy?" Artificial Organs 44, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 1135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aor.13801.

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25

Piantadosi, C. A., P. J. Fracica, F. G. Duhaylongsod, Y. C. Huang, K. E. Welty-Wolf, J. D. Crapo, and S. L. Young. "Artificial surfactant attenuates hyperoxic lung injury in primates. II. Morphometric analysis." Journal of Applied Physiology 78, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 1823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.78.5.1823.

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Diffuse lung injury from hyperoxia is accompanied by low compliance and hypoxemia with disruption of endothelial and alveolar epithelial cell layers. Because both function and content of surfactant in diffuse lung injury decrease in animals and in humans, changes in the extent of injury during continuous hyperoxia were evaluated after treatments with a protein-free surfactant in primates. Ten baboons were ventilated with 100% O2 for 96 h and five were intermittently given an aerosol of an artificial surfactant (Exosurf). Physiological and biochemical measurements of the effects of the surfactant treatment are presented in a companion paper (Y.-C. T. Huang, A. C. Sane, S. G. Simonson, T. A. Fawcett, R. E. Moon, P. J. Fracica, M. G. Menache, C. A. Piantadosi, and S. L. Young. J. Appl. Physiol. 78: 1823–1829, 1995.) After O2 exposures, lungs were fixed and processed for electron microscopy. The cellular responses to O2 included epithelial and endothelial cell injuries, interstitial edema, and inflammation. Morphometry was used to quantitate changes in lungs of animals treated with the artificial surfactant during O2 exposure and to compare them with the untreated animals. The surfactant decreased neutrophil accumulation, increased fibroblast proliferation, and decreased changes in the volume of type I epithelial cells. Surfactant-treated animals also demonstrated better preservation of endothelial cell integrity. These responses indicate ameliorating effects of the surfactant on the pulmonary response to hyperoxia, including protection against epithelial and endothelial cell destruction. Significant interstitial inflammation and fibroblast proliferation remained, however, in surfactant-treated lungs exposed to continuous hyperoxia.

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26

Gilpin, Sarah E., and Harald C. Ott. "Using Nature’s Platform to Engineer Bio-Artificial Lungs." Annals of the American Thoracic Society 12, Supplement 1 (March 2015): S45—S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/annalsats.201408-366mg.

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27

Madhani, Shalv P., Alexandra G. May, Brian J. Frankowski, Greg W. Burgreen, and William J. Federspiel. "Blood Recirculation Enhances Oxygenation Efficiency of Artificial Lungs." ASAIO Journal 66, no. 5 (May 2020): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mat.0000000000001030.

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Kaesler, Andreas, Marius Rosen, Thomas Schmitz-Rode, Ulrich Steinseifer, and Jutta Arens. "Computational Modeling of Oxygen Transfer in Artificial Lungs." Artificial Organs 42, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 786–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aor.13146.

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29

Federspiel, William J., and Brack G. Haulert. "Sweep Gas Flowrate and C02Exchange in Artificial Lungs." Artificial Organs 20, no. 9 (September 1996): 1050–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.1996.tb04593.x.

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30

Nogawa, A. "The future of artificial lungs: an industry perspective." Journal of Artificial Organs 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100470200040.

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31

Polastri, Massimiliano, Antonio Loforte, Andrea Dell'Amore, and Justyna Swol. "Physiotherapy and artificial lungs: looking to the future." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 28, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2021.0103.

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32

Bachofen, H., S. Schurch, and F. Possmayer. "Disturbance of alveolar lining layer: effects on alveolar microstructure." Journal of Applied Physiology 76, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 1983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.5.1983.

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To further study the influence of altered surface tensions on alveolar micromechanics, we analyzed the structure-function relationships in excised rabbit lungs filled with or rinsed by a fluorocarbon (approximately 15 mN/m) or by hexadecane (approximately 25 mN/m). The lungs were fixed and dehydrated by vascular perfusion, and the tissue samples were analyzed by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. We made three observations. 1) Pressure-volume (P-V) loops hexadecane-filled lungs are shifted to the left and coincide with those of saline-filled lungs, indicating near-zero interfacial tension. In accordance, the alveolar microstructure and surface area of hexadecane-filled lungs resemble those of saline-filled lungs. 2) The P-V loops of fluorocarbon-filled lungs are not shifted to the left but coincide with those of fluorocarbon-rinsed lungs. Under both conditions, the alveolar microstructure is qualitatively identical and the alveolar surface areas are markedly reduced compared with normal air-filled lungs. These findings show that fluorocarbon-filled or fluorocarbon-rinsed lungs are subjected to similar interfacial tensions at the alveolar level. 3) Hexadecane-rinsed lungs show a pear-shaped P-V curve and a complex surface texture of peripheral air spaces. These results, together with in vitro observations, suggest a metamorphic interplay between lung surfactant and hexadecane in lining the surface and determining the surface tension. Evidently, the effects of foreign liquids introduced into the lung on the structure-function relationship cannot accurately be predicted from their in vitro surface tensions. This fact should be considered in the development of artificial surfactants.

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Собкин, Aleksandr Sobkin, Мишина, Anastasiya Mishina, Осадчая, Olga Osadchaya, Мишин, et al. "EFFECTIVENESS OF ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH CAVERNOUS PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS MULTIDRUG AND EXTENSIVELY DRUG BACTERIAL RESISTANCE." Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук 1, no. 6 (December 20, 2016): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23748.

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The article presents the results of clinical studies of the effectiveness of artificial pneumothorax in the treatment of 124patients with cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis patients and extensively drug resistance. Clinical trials of the use of artificial pneumothorax in young patients with cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis MDR and XDR MBT have proved its high efficiency and that it can be recommended for widespread clinical use. The indications for the use of artificial pneumothorax is a cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis with the release of MDR and XDR MBT with unformed or formed thin-walled cavity not larger than 4 cm in diameter. Pleuropulmonary adhesions revealed at primary application of artificial pneumothorax are the direct indications fpr surgical burn of adhesions. With the diameter of cavities up to 2cm the artificial pneumothorax treatment is applied for 6months and with cavities of 2–4cm in diameter – for 12months. Contraindications to the use of artificial pneumothorax are cavities in the lungs more than 4cm in diam-eter, massive pleural commissures, with the impossibility of their surgical burnout; specific lesion bronchial tubes and severe comorbidities (mental illness, organic lesions of the central nervous system, chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic cardiovascular diseases in the stage of decompensation, congenital malformations of the heart and lungs, chest wall deformity). Treatment of patients with artificial pneumothorax cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis MDR and XDR pathogen can be recommended for use in stationary phase in TB facilities with thoracic surgery, where the implementation of operational burnout pleural commissures is possible.

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Arsalan, Muhammad, Muhammad Owais, Tahir Mahmood, Jiho Choi, and Kang Ryoung Park. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Diagnosis of Cardiac and Related Diseases." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030871.

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Automatic chest anatomy segmentation plays a key role in computer-aided disease diagnosis, such as for cardiomegaly, pleural effusion, emphysema, and pneumothorax. Among these diseases, cardiomegaly is considered a perilous disease, involving a high risk of sudden cardiac death. It can be diagnosed early by an expert medical practitioner using a chest X-Ray (CXR) analysis. The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and transverse cardiac diameter (TCD) are the clinical criteria used to estimate the heart size for diagnosing cardiomegaly. Manual estimation of CTR and other diseases is a time-consuming process and requires significant work by the medical expert. Cardiomegaly and related diseases can be automatically estimated by accurate anatomical semantic segmentation of CXRs using artificial intelligence. Automatic segmentation of the lungs and heart from the CXRs is considered an intensive task owing to inferior quality images and intensity variations using nonideal imaging conditions. Although there are a few deep learning-based techniques for chest anatomy segmentation, most of them only consider single class lung segmentation with deep complex architectures that require a lot of trainable parameters. To address these issues, this study presents two multiclass residual mesh-based CXR segmentation networks, X-RayNet-1 and X-RayNet-2, which are specifically designed to provide fine segmentation performance with a few trainable parameters compared to conventional deep learning schemes. The proposed methods utilize semantic segmentation to support the diagnostic procedure of related diseases. To evaluate X-RayNet-1 and X-RayNet-2, experiments were performed with a publicly available Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT) dataset for multiclass segmentation of the lungs, heart, and clavicle bones; two other publicly available datasets, Montgomery County (MC) and Shenzhen X-Ray sets (SC), were evaluated for lung segmentation. The experimental results showed that X-RayNet-1 achieved fine performance for all datasets and X-RayNet-2 achieved competitive performance with a 75% parameter reduction.

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35

Hills, Brian A. "Letters to the Editor." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): 770–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.2.770.

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The following are the abstracts of the articles discussed in the subsequent letter: Huang, Yuh-Chin T., Aneysa C. Sane, Steven G. Simonson, Thomas A. Fawcett, Richard E. Moon, Philip J. Fracica, Margaret G. Menache, Claude A. Piantadosi, and Stephen L. Young. Artificial surfactant attenuates hyperoxic lung injury in primates. I. Physiology and biochemistry. J. Appl. Physiol. 78(5): 1816–1822, 1995.—Prolonged exposure to O2causes diffuse alveolar damage and surfactant dysfunction that contribute to the pathophysiology of hyperoxic lung injury. We hypothesized that exogenous surfactant would improve lung function during O2exposure in primates. Sixteen healthy male baboons (10–15 kg) were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated for 96 h. The animals received either 100% O2( n = 6) or 100% O2plus aerosolized artificial surfactant (Exosurf; n = 5). A third group of animals ( n = 5) was ventilated with an inspired fraction of O2of 0.21 to control for the effects of sedation and mechanical ventilation. Hemodynamic parameters were obtained every 12 h, and ventilation-perfusion distribution (V˙A/Q˙) was measured daily using a multiple inert-gas elimination technique. Positive end-expiratory pressure was kept at 2.5 cmH2O and was intermittently raised to 10 cmH2O for 30 min to obtain additional measurements ofV˙A/Q˙. After the experiments, lungs were obtained for biochemical and histological assessment of injury. O2exposures altered hemodynamics, progressively worsenedV˙A/Q˙, altered lung phospholipid composition, and produced severe lung edema. Artificial surfactant therapy significantly increased disaturated phosphatidylcholine in lavage fluid and improved intrapulmonary shunt, arterial Po2, and lung edema. Surfactant also enhanced the shunt-reducing effect of positive end-expiratory pressure. We conclude that an aerosolized protein-free surfactant decreased the progression of pulmonary O2toxicity in baboons.Piantadosi, Claude A., Philip J. Fracica, Francis G. Duhaylongsod, Y.-C. T. Huang, Karen E. Welty-Wolf, James D. Crapo, and Stephen L. Young. Artificial surfactant attenuates hyperoxic lung injury in primates. II. Morphometric analysis. J. Appl. Physiol. 78(5): 1823–1831, 1995.—Diffuse lung injury from hyperoxia is accompanied by low compliance and hypoxemia with disruption of endothelial and alveolar epithelial cell layers. Because both function and content of surfactant in diffuse lung injury decrease in animals and in humans, changes in the extent of injury during continuous hyperoxia were evaluated after treatments with a protein-free surfactant in primates. Ten baboons were ventilated with 100% O2for 96 h and five were intermittently given an aerosol of an artificial surfactant (Exosurf). Physiological and biochemical measurements of the effects of the surfactant treatment are presented in a companion paper (Y.-C. T. Huang, A. C. Sane, S. G. Simonson, T. A. Fawcett, R. E. Moon, P. J. Fracica, M. G. Menache, C. A. Piantadosi, and S. L. Young. J. Appl. Physiol. 78: 1823–1829, 1995.) After O2exposures, lungs were fixed and processed for electron microscopy. The cellular responses to O2included epithelial and endothelial cell injuries, interstitial edema, and inflammation. Morphometry was used to quantitate changes in lungs of animals treated with the artificial surfactant during O2exposure and to compare them with the untreated animals. The surfactant decreased neutrophil accumulation, increased fibroblast proliferation, and decreased changes in the volume of type I epithelial cells. Surfactant-treated animals also demonstrated better preservation of endothelial cell integrity. These responses indicate ameliorating effects of the surfactant on the pulmonary response to hyperoxia, including protection against epithelial and endothelial cell destruction. Significant interstitial inflammation and fibroblast proliferation remained, however, in surfactant-treated lungs exposed to continuous hyperoxia.

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36

Noshadi, Areg, Michael Kircher, Stefan Pollnow, Gunnar Elke, Inéz Frerichs, and Olaf Dössel. "Automatic lung segmentation in the presence of alveolar collapse." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 3, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2017-0188.

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AbstractLung ventilation and perfusion analyses using chest imaging methods require a correct segmentation of the lung to offer anatomical landmarks for the physiological data. An automatic segmentation approach simplifies and accelerates the analysis. However, the segmentation of the lungs has shown to be difficult if collapsed areas are present that tend to share similar gray values with surrounding non-pulmonary tissue. Our goal was to develop an automatic segmentation algorithm that is able to approximate dorsal lung boundaries even if alveolar collapse is present in the dependent lung areas adjacent to the pleura. Computed tomography data acquired in five supine pigs with injured lungs were used for this purpose. First, healthy lung tissue was segmented using a standard 3D region growing algorithm. Further, the bones in the chest wall surrounding the lungs were segmented to find the contact points of ribs and pleura. Artificial boundaries of the dorsal lung were set by spline interpolation through these contact points. Segmentation masks of the entire lung including the collapsed regions were created by combining the splines with the segmentation masks of the healthy lung tissue through multiple morphological operations. The automatically segmented images were then evaluated by comparing them to manual segmentations and determining the Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) as a similarity measure. The developed method was able to accurately segment the lungs including the collapsed regions (DSCs over 0.96).

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Lee, J.-K., M. C. Kung, H. H. Kung, and L. F. Mockros. "Microchannel Technologies for Artificial Lungs: (3) Open Rectangular Channels." ASAIO Journal 54, no. 4 (July 2008): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mat.0b013e31817eda02.

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38

Thompson, Alex J., Lindsay J. Ma, Terry Major, Mark Jeakle, Orsolya Lautner-Csorba, Marcus J. Goudie, Hitesh Handa, Alvaro Rojas-Peña, and Joseph A. Potkay. "Assessing and improving the biocompatibility of microfluidic artificial lungs." Acta Biomaterialia 112 (August 2020): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.008.

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39

Romanov, Andrej, Michael Bach, Shan Yang, Fabian C. Franzeck, Gregor Sommer, Constantin Anastasopoulos, Jens Bremerich, Bram Stieltjes, Thomas Weikert, and Alexander Walter Sauter. "Automated CT Lung Density Analysis of Viral Pneumonia and Healthy Lungs Using Deep Learning-Based Segmentation, Histograms and HU Thresholds." Diagnostics 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050738.

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CT patterns of viral pneumonia are usually only qualitatively described in radiology reports. Artificial intelligence enables automated and reliable segmentation of lungs with chest CT. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to derive meaningful imaging biomarkers reflecting CT patterns of viral pneumonia and assess their potential to discriminate between healthy lungs and lungs with viral pneumonia. This study used non-enhanced and CT pulmonary angiograms (CTPAs) of healthy lungs and viral pneumonia (SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B) identified by radiology reports and RT-PCR results. After deep learning segmentation of the lungs, histogram-based and threshold-based analyses of lung attenuation were performed and compared. The derived imaging biomarkers were correlated with parameters of clinical and biochemical severity (modified WHO severity scale; c-reactive protein). For non-enhanced CTs (n = 526), all imaging biomarkers significantly differed between healthy lungs and lungs with viral pneumonia (all p < 0.001), a finding that was not reproduced for CTPAs (n = 504). Standard deviation (histogram-derived) and relative high attenuation area [600–0 HU] (HU-thresholding) differed most. The strongest correlation with disease severity was found for absolute high attenuation area [600–0 HU] (r = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.46–0.64). Deep-learning segmentation-based histogram and HU threshold analysis could be deployed in chest CT evaluation for the differentiating of healthy lungs from AP lungs.

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Sivan, Y., J. Hammer, and C. J. Newth. "Measurement of high lung volumes by nitrogen washout method." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 1562–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.3.1562.

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Studies on human infants suggested that thoracic gas volume (TGV) measured at end exhalation may not depict the true TGV and may differ from TGV measured from a series of higher lung volumes and corrected for the volume added. This was explained by gas trapping. If true, we should expect the discrepancy to be more pronounced when functional residual capacity (FRC) and higher lung volumes are measured by gas dilution techniques. We studied lung volumes above FRC by the nitrogen washout technique in 12 spontaneously breathing rhesus monkeys (5.0–11.3 kg wt; 42 compared measurements). Lung volumes directly measured were compared with preset lung volumes achieved by artificial inflation of the lungs above FRC with known volumes of air (100–260 ml). Measured lung volume strongly correlated with and was not significantly different from present lung volume (P = 0.05; r = 0.996). The difference between measured and preset lung volume was 0–5% in 41 of 42 cases [1 +/- 0.4% (SE)]. The direction of the difference was unpredictable; in 22 of 42 cases the measured volume was larger than the preset volume, but in 17 of 42 cases it was smaller. The difference was not affected by the volume of gas artificially inflated into the lungs. We conclude that, overall, lung volumes above FRC can be reliably measured by the nitrogen washout technique and that FRC measurements by this method reasonably reflect true FRC.

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Hoffmann, Nadine, Thomas Bovbjerg Rasmussen, PeterØstrup Jensen, Charlotte Stub, Morten Hentzer, Søren Molin, Oana Ciofu, Michael Givskov, Helle Krogh Johansen, and Niels Høiby. "Novel Mouse Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection Mimicking Cystic Fibrosis." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 4 (April 2005): 2504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.4.2504-2514.2005.

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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a chronic infection in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients by establishing an alginate-containing biofilm. The infection has been studied in several animal models; however, most of the models required artificial embedding of the bacteria. We present here a new pulmonary mouse model without artificial embedding. The model is based on a stable mucoid CF sputum isolate (NH57388A) with hyperproduction of alginate due to a deletion in mucA and functional N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum-sensing systems. Chronic lung infection could be established in both CF mice (Cftr tmlUnc−/−) and BALB/c mice, as reflected by the detection of a high number of P. aeruginosa organisms in the lung homogenates at 7 days postinfection and alginate biofilms, surrounded by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the alveoli. In comparison, both an AHL-producing nonmucoid revertant (NH57388C) from the mucoid isolate (NH57388A) and a nonmucoid isolate (NH57388B) deficient in AHL were almost cleared from the lungs of the mice. This model, in which P. aeruginosa is protected against the defense system of the lung by alginate, is similar to the clinical situation. Therefore, the mouse model provides an improved method for evaluating the interaction between mucoid P. aeruginosa, the host, and antibacterial therapy.

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Schmolling, J., W. Seeger, and A. Jensen. "Liquid movements in ventilated and perfused isolated lungs of fetal sheep at 0.87, 0.90, and 0.95 of term." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 5 (1995): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9951345.

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To study lung liquid movements, an isolated lung model, adapted from adult physiology, was developed to measure pulmonary weight changes after the onset of artificial ventilation of lungs from 16 fetal sheep at 0.87 (n = 5), 0.90 (n = 6), and 0.95 (n = 5) of gestation. The fetuses were delivered by Caesarean section. After tracheotomy and thoracotomy under general anaesthesia, a blocked air-free tracheal cannula and a pulmonary arterial catheter were inserted and secured to ensure in situ perfusion of the pulmonary circulation (Krebs-Henseleit buffer) without ventilation before the lungs were removed from the chest and mounted in a specially designed apparatus. Lung weight and pulmonary perfusion pressure were recorded continuously before, during and after the onset of ventilation. After 50 min of ventilation the perfusate was allowed to recirculate and samples were taken at 10-min intervals to determine the concentrations of sodium and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a marker for cell destruction. In all lungs studied there was a significant removal of lung liquid after the onset of ventilation as assessed by lung weight loss. However, there was a positive correlation between lung weight loss and gestational age of the donor fetuses. These changes were accompanied by a rise in sodium concentrations in the perfusate, possibly suggesting that active sodium transport across the pulmonary epithelium facilitates alveolar liquid removal. As the experiments progressed the lungs regained weight while LDH concentrations increased, indicating that lung cell destruction causing pulmonary oedema may be involved. This pulmonary weight gain was inversely related to gestational age. It is concluded that in isolated ventilated and perfused lungs from fetal sheep, lung liquid removal is an age-related phenomenon that might involve an active sodium transport mechanism. It is further concluded that the development of pulmonary oedema during ventilation is also age related.

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Ophir, Noa, Amir Bar Shai, Rafi Korenstein, Mordechai R. Kramer, and Elizabeth Fireman. "Functional, inflammatory and interstitial impairment due to artificial stone dust ultrafine particles exposure." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 12 (September 27, 2019): 875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-105711.

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ObjectiveArtificial stone dust (ASD) contains high levels of ultrafine particles (UFP <1 µm) which penetrate deeply into the lungs. This study aimed to demonstrate the direct effect of UFP in the lungs of ASD-exposed workers on functional inflammatory and imaging parameters.Methods68 workers with up to 20 years of ASD exposure at the workplace were recruited from small enterprises throughout the country and compared with 48 non-exposed individuals. Pulmonary function test (PFT), CT, induced sputum (IS) and cytokine analyses were performed by conventional methods. The CT scans were evaluated for features indicative of silicosis in three zones of each lung. UFP were quantitated by the NanoSight LM20 system (NanoSight, Salisbury) using the Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured by Luminex (R&D Systems).ResultsThirty-four patients had CT scores between 0 and 42, and 29 of them were diagnosed with silicosis. Content of the UFP retrieved from IS supernatants correlated negatively with the PFT results (total lung capacity r=−0.347, p=0.011; forced expiratory volume in 1 s r=−0.299, p=0.046; diffusion lung carbon monoxide in a single breath r=−0.425, p=0.004) and with the CT score (r=0.378, p=0.023), and with the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 (r=0.336, p=0.024), IL-6 (r=0.294, p=0.065) and TNF-α (r=0.409, p=0.007). Raw material of ASD was left to sedimentate in water for <15 min, and 50% of the floating particles were UFP. A cut-off of 8×106 UFP/mL in IS samples had a sensitivity of 77% to predict pulmonary disease.ConclusionsThis is the first demonstration of an association between UFP-related decreased PFT results, worsening of CT findings and elevation of inflammatory cytokines, which may be attributed to high-dose inhalation of UFP of ASD at the workplace.

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Goryński, Krzysztof, Izabela Safian, Włodzimierz Grądzki, Michał Marszałł, Jerzy Krysiński, Sławomir Goryński, Anna Bitner, Jerzy Romaszko, and Adam Buciński. "Artificial neural networks approach to early lung cancer detection." Open Medicine 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-013-0327-6.

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AbstractLung cancer is rated with the highest incidence and mortality every year compared with other forms of cancer, therefore early detection and diagnosis is essential. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are “artificial intelligence” software which have been used to assess a few prognostic situations. In this study, a database containing 193 patients from Diagnostic and Monitoring of Tuberculosis and Illness of Lungs Ward in Kuyavia and Pomerania Centre of the Pulmonology (Bydgoszcz, Poland) was analysed using ANNs. Each patient was described using 48 factors (i.e. age, sex, data of patient history, results from medical examinations etc.) and, as an output value, the expected presence of lung cancer was established. All 48 features were retrospectively collected and the database was divided into a training set (n=97), testing set (n=48) and a validating set (n=48). The best prediction score of the ANN model (MLP 48-9-2) was above 0.99 of the area under a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. The ANNs were able to correctly classify 47 out of 48 test cases. These data suggest that Artificial Neural Networks can be used in prognosis of lung cancer and could help the physician in diagnosis of patients with the suspicion of lung cancer.

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Klyukhina, Yuliya Borisovna, Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Zhelenina, and Dmitriy Olegovich Ivanov. "Pulmonary Catamnesis in Children on Artificial Lung Ventilation in the Neonatal Period." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2014): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped5316-21.

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Bronchopulmonary pathology is the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among newborn infants. Emergency aid and inten-sive care to newborn infants decrease death rate among children; at the same time, they cause an increase in pulmonary morbidity. The article deals with data concerning generation of bronchopulmonary diseases in children who underwent resuscitation in neonatal period, tracks pulmonary catamnesis, and analyzes hereditary load. The article confirms the adverse effect of artificial lung ventilation on lungs of both mature and premature babies. Neonatal pneumonia, together with iatrogenic factors of emergency care, is a dominating factor in formation of chronic non-specific pulmonary diseases in catamnesis.

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Wagner, Georg, Andreas Kaesler, Ulrich Steinseifer, Thomas Schmitz-Rode, and Jutta Arens. "Comment on “The promise of microfluidic artificial lungs” by J. A. Potkay, Lab Chip, 2014, 14, 4122–4138." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 7 (2016): 1272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc01508a.

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Jack, David. "Artificial lungs on the way—but don't hold your breath." Lancet 349, no. 9047 (January 1997): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)64876-3.

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Boschetti, Federica, Keith E. Cook, Carrie E. Perlman, and Lyle F. Mockros. "Blood Flow Pulsatility Effects upon Oxygen Transfer in Artificial Lungs." ASAIO Journal 49, no. 6 (November 2003): 678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mat.0000094041.69991.0d.

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Eash, Heide J., Heather M. Jones, Brack G. Hattler, and William J. Federspiel. "Evaluation of Plasma Resistant Hollow Fiber Membranes For Artificial Lungs." ASAIO Journal 50, no. 5 (September 2004): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mat.0000138078.04558.fe.

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Amoako, Kagya A., Patrick J. Montoya, Terry C. Major, Ahmed B. Suhaib, Hitesh Handa, David O. Brant, Mark E. Meyerhoff, Robert H. Bartlett, and Keith E. Cook. "Fabrication andin vivothrombogenicity testing of nitric oxide generating artificial lungs." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 101, no. 12 (April 24, 2013): 3511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34655.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Artificial Lungs'

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