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Journal articles on the topic 'Artificial muscles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Tiwari, Rashi, Michael A. Meller, Karl B. Wajcs, Caris Moses, Ismael Reveles, and Ephrahim Garcia. "Hydraulic artificial muscles." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23, no. 3 (2012): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x12438627.

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This article presents hydraulic artificial muscles as a viable alternative to pneumatic artificial muscles. Despite the actuation mechanism being similar to its pneumatic counterpart, hydraulic artificial muscles have not been widely studied. Hydraulic artificial muscles offer all the same advantages of pneumatic artificial muscles, such as compliance, light weight, low maintenance, and low cost, when compared to traditional fluidic cylinder actuators. Muscle characterization in isometric and isobaric conditions are discussed and compared to pneumatic artificial muscles. A quasi-static model i

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2

Haines, Carter S., Na Li, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Ali E. Aliev, Jiangtao Di, and Ray H. Baughman. "New twist on artificial muscles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 42 (2016): 11709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605273113.

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Lightweight artificial muscle fibers that can match the large tensile stroke of natural muscles have been elusive. In particular, low stroke, limited cycle life, and inefficient energy conversion have combined with high cost and hysteretic performance to restrict practical use. In recent years, a new class of artificial muscles, based on highly twisted fibers, has emerged that can deliver more than 2,000 J/kg of specific work during muscle contraction, compared with just 40 J/kg for natural muscle. Thermally actuated muscles made from ordinary polymer fibers can deliver long-life, hysteresis-f

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3

Li, Wuxun. "Strengthening artificial muscle of oil-water composite network by nanotechnology." Applied and Computational Engineering 60, no. 1 (2024): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/60/20240891.

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Artificial muscle, as a new technology, has a broad application prospect and market in the future, which is more effectively applied to the medical repair of human muscle damage, enhance the strength performance of human muscle, and enrich the function of artificial robots. Nanotechnology is also a high-precision technology that can be added to artificial muscles to make expansion and contraction more reliable. Currently, nanotechnology is constantly innovating in artificial muscles. There have been examples of using artificial muscles to add touch systems for real-time interaction and tempera

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4

Ashley, Steven. "Artificial Muscles." Scientific American sp 18, no. 1 (2008): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0208-64sp.

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Ashley, Steven. "Artificial Muscles." Scientific American 289, no. 4 (2003): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1003-52.

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6

Saga, N., J. Nagase, and T. Saikawa. "Pneumatic Artificial Muscles Based on Biomechanical Characteristics of Human Muscles." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 3, no. 3 (2006): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/427569.

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This article reports the pneumatic artificial muscles based on biomechanical characteristics of human muscles. A wearable device and a rehabilitation robot that assist a human muscle should have characteristics similar to those of human muscle. In addition, since the wearable device and the rehabilitation robot should be light, an actuator with a high power to weight ratio is needed. At present, the McKibben type is widely used as an artificial muscle, but in fact its physical model is highly nonlinear. Therefore, an artificial muscle actuator has been developed in which high-strength carbon f

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7

Tomori, Hiroki, and Taro Nakamura. "Theoretical Comparison of McKibben-Type Artificial Muscle and Novel Straight-Fiber-Type Artificial Muscle." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 4 (2011): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0544.

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Robots have entered human life, and closer relationships are being formed between humans and robots. It is desirable that these robots be flexible and lightweight. With this as our goal, we have developed an artificial muscle actuator using straight-fiber-type artificial muscles derived from the McKibben-type muscles, which have excellent contraction rate and force characteristics. In this study, we compared the steady state and dynamic characteristic of straightfiber-type and McKibben-type muscles and verified the usefulness of straight-fiber-type muscles.

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8

Houle-Leroy, Philippe, Helga Guderley, John G. Swallow, and Theodore Garland. "Artificial selection for high activity favors mighty mini-muscles in house mice." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 284, no. 2 (2003): R433—R443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00179.2002.

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After 14 generations of selection for voluntary wheel running, mice from the four replicate selected lines ran, on average, twice as many revolutions per day as those from the four unselected control lines. To examine whether the selected lines followed distinct strategies in the correlated responses of the size and metabolic capacities of the hindlimb muscles, we examined mice from selected lines, housed for 8 wk in cages with access to running wheels that were either free to rotate (“wheel access” group) or locked (“sedentary”). Thirteen of twenty individuals in one selected line (line 6) an

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9

Iwata, Kazuhiro, Koichi Suzumori, and Shuichi Wakimoto. "Development of Contraction and Extension Artificial Muscles with Different Braid Angles and Their Application to Stiffness Changeable Bending Rubber Mechanismby Their Combination." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 23, no. 4 (2011): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2011.p0582.

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Recently, there has been increasing researches on the McKibben type artificial muscle, because it is small, light, and high powered. In this study, in addition to the contraction artificial muscle, the stiffness change artificial muscle and the extending artificial muscle have been developed. By nonlinear finite element method analysis, the best sleeve knitting angle has been derived to achieve the stiffness change and the extension and contraction motions. From the results, three kinds of artificial muscles realizing contraction and extension motion, and the stiffness change have been fabrica

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10

Iwata, Kazuhiro, Koichi Suzumori, and Shuichi Wakimoto. "A Method of Designing and Fabricating Mckibben Muscles Driven by 7 MPa Hydraulics." International Journal of Automation Technology 6, no. 4 (2012): 482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2012.p0482.

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Research has recently been increasing on light weight and high-power robot hands that use artificial muscles. By applying ultra high strength PBO fiber sleeves to McKibben artificial muscles, new hydraulic artificial muscles have been developed in our laboratory. In this research, to apply this technology to a high-power robot easily, we have developed new, thin, hydraulic artificial muscles. While the hydraulic artificial muscles reported in our previous paper were driven by a maximum water pressure of 4 MPa, the newly developed thin muscles are driven by water with a maximum pressure of 7 MP

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11

Tóthová, Mária, Ján Piteľ, and Jana Boržíková. "Operating Modes of Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Actuator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 308 (February 2013): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.308.39.

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The paper describes operating modes of the PAM based actuator consisting of two pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) in antagonistic connection. The artificial muscles are acting against themselves and resultant position of the actuator is given by equilibrium of their forces according to different pressures in muscles. The main requirement for operation of such pneumatic actuator is uniform movement and accurate arm position control according to input desired variable. There are described in paper operation characteristics of the pneumatic artificial muscle in variable pressure and then operat

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12

Basu, Vina, Li Cheng, and Bin Zheng. "Technologies and Sensors for Artificial Muscles in Rehabilitation." Sensors 24, no. 23 (2024): 7532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24237532.

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Muscles are very important parts of the human body. When there is an injury to a muscle that causes long-term dysfunctionality, sensors and artificial muscles can be used to help alleviate problems. Muscles have complex structures; thus, ultrasound and other types of scans may be needed to determine their parameters and model their shapes. Additionally, the measurement of chemicals in muscles plays a significant role in analyzing their performance and potential diseases in humans. All the above-mentioned components are needed for understanding the structure and function of muscles. The areas s

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13

Sárosi, József, János Gyeviki, and Sándor Csikós. "Mesterséges pneumatikus izomelemek modellezése és paramétereinek szimulációja MATLAB környezetben." Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok 5, no. 1-2 (2010): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jtgf.2010.1-2.273-277.

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Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) are becoming more commonly used as actuators in modern robotics. The most made and common type of these artificial muscles in use is the McKibben artificial muscle that was developed in 1950's. The braided muscle is composed of gas-tight elastic bladder, surrounded by braided sleeves. Typical materials used for the membrane constructions are latex and silicone rubber, while nylon is normally used in the fibres. This paper presents the geometric model of PAM and different MATLAB models for pneumatic artificial muscles. The aim of our models is to relate the p

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Saga, Norihiko, Kunio Shimada, Douhaku Inamori, Naoki Saito, Toshiyuki Satoh, and Jun-ya Nagase. "Smart Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Using a Bend Sensor like a Human Muscle with a Muscle Spindle." Sensors 22, no. 22 (2022): 8975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228975.

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Shortage of labor and increased work of young people are causing problems in terms of care and welfare of a growing proportion of elderly people. This is a looming social problem because people of advanced ages are increasing. Necessary in the fields of care and welfare, pneumatic artificial muscles in actuators of robots are being examined. Pneumatic artificial muscles have a high output per unit of weight, and they are soft, similarly to human muscles. However, in previous research of robots using pneumatic artificial muscles, rigid sensors were often installed at joints and other locations

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15

Zhang, Zhiye, and Michael Philen. "Pressurized artificial muscles." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23, no. 3 (2011): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x11420592.

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Pressurized artificial muscles are reviewed. These actuators consist of stiff reinforcing fibers surrounding an elastomeric bladder and operate using a pressurized internal fluid. The pressurized artificial muscles, known as McKibben actuators or flexible matrix composite actuators, can be applied to a wide array of applications, including prosthetics/orthotics, robots, morphing wing technologies, and variable stiffness structures. Analytical models for predicting the response behavior have used both virtual work methods and continuum mechanics. Various nonlinear control algorithms have been d

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16

Chen, Chien-Chun, Wen-Pin Shih, Pei-Zen Chang, et al. "Onion artificial muscles." Applied Physics Letters 106, no. 18 (2015): 183702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4917498.

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17

Mirfakhrai, Tissaphern, John D. W. Madden, and Ray H. Baughman. "Polymer artificial muscles." Materials Today 10, no. 4 (2007): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(07)70048-2.

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18

Aziz, Shazed, and Geoffrey M. Spinks. "Torsional artificial muscles." Materials Horizons 7, no. 3 (2020): 667–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9mh01441a.

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19

Tang, Gang, Chang Zhuan Shao, Yuan Jiang, Xiong Hu, Tian Hao Tang, and Christophe Claramunt. "The Imitation of Muscles Stretching Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 863 (February 2017): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.863.220.

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This paper presents a review of some of the applications for artificial muscle and several material of artificial muscle. We focus attention on the polymer material artificial muscle, which responds to electrical stimulation with a significant change in shape or size. Through our research on a variety of materials and the analysis of the mechanical properties of muscle movement, finally we designed the artificial muscle device the imitation of muscles stretching device. This article describes the structure and performance of the device.

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20

Li, Shuguang, Daniel M. Vogt, Daniela Rus, and Robert J. Wood. "Fluid-driven origami-inspired artificial muscles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 50 (2017): 13132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713450114.

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Artificial muscles hold promise for safe and powerful actuation for myriad common machines and robots. However, the design, fabrication, and implementation of artificial muscles are often limited by their material costs, operating principle, scalability, and single-degree-of-freedom contractile actuation motions. Here we propose an architecture for fluid-driven origami-inspired artificial muscles. This concept requires only a compressible skeleton, a flexible skin, and a fluid medium. A mechanical model is developed to explain the interaction of the three components. A fabrication method is in

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21

Versluys, Rino, Kristel Deckers, Michaël Van Damme, et al. "A Study on the Bandwidth Characteristics of Pleated Pneumatic Artificial Muscles." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 6, no. 1 (2009): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/298125.

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Pleated pneumatic artificial muscles have interesting properties that can be of considerable significance in robotics and automation. With a view to the potential use of pleated pneumatic artificial muscles as actuators for a fatigue test bench (high forces and small displacements), the bandwidth characteristics of a muscle-valve system were investigated. Bandwidth is commonly used for linear systems, as the Bode plot is independent of the amplitude of the input signal. However, due to the non-linear behaviour of pleated pneumatic artificial muscles, the system's gain becomes dependent on the

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22

Gyeviki, János, József Sárosi, Antal Véha, and Péter Toman. "Experimental investigation of characteristics of pneumatic artificial muscles." Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok 5, no. 1-2 (2010): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jtgf.2010.1-2.244-248.

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The characteristics of pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) make them very interesting for the development of robotic and prosthesis applications. The McKibben muscle is the most popular and is made commercially available by different companies. The aim of this research is to acquire as much information about the pneumatic artificial muscles as we can with our test-bed that was developed by us and to be able to adopt these muscles as a part of prosthesis. This paper presents the set-up constructed, and then describes some mechanical testing results for the pneumatic artificial muscles.

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23

Takosoglu, Jakub. "Static characteristics of the new artificial pneumatic muscle." EPJ Web of Conferences 269 (2022): 01061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226901061.

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The pneumatic artificial muscles are used as driving elements of mobile, anthropomorphic, bionic and humanoid robots as well as rehabilitation and physiotherapeutic manipulators. The PAMs are also increasingly used for the automation of industrial processes. The article presents test stands and methods used to determine the static, isobaric, isotonic and isometric characteristics of the new pneumatic artificial muscles. The muscles have been designed and developed at the Kielce University of Technology. Comparative tests of technical parameters of the designed muscle with the muscles available

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24

Chapman, Edward M., and Matthew Bryant. "Bioinspired passive variable recruitment of fluidic artificial muscles." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 15 (2018): 3067–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18783070.

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This article presents a novel, passive approach to creating variable actuator recruitment in bundles of fluidic artificial muscles. The passive recruitment control approach is inspired by the functionality of mammalian muscle tissues, in which a single activation signal from the nervous system sequentially triggers contraction of progressively larger actuation elements until the required force is generated. Biologically, this behavior is encoded by differences in electrical resistance properties between smaller and larger muscle-fiber groups. The approach presented here produces analogous beha

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Zhang, Xiaotian, and Girish Krishnan. "A nested pneumatic muscle arrangement for amplified stroke and force behavior." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 6 (2017): 1139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17730920.

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This article presents a compact nested architecture to amplify the displacement and forces of pneumatic artificial muscles for potential use in human assistive devices and other robotic applications. The nested architecture consists of several levels in series, and each level is made up of contracting pneumatic muscles, passive force transfer members, and additively manufactured interconnects. The stroke obtained from the nested pneumatic artificial muscle architecture is not always beneficial and is limited by the length-dependent behavior of pneumatic artificial muscles and other practical m

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Haghshenas-Jaryani, Mahdi. "Dynamics and Computed-Muscle-Force Control of a Planar Muscle-Driven Snake Robot." Actuators 11, no. 7 (2022): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11070194.

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This paper presents the dynamic formulation of an artificial-muscle-driven and computed-muscle–force control for the planar locomotion of a snake robot. The snake robot uses a series of antagonistic pneumatic artificial muscles, assembled at the joints, to generate the locomotion. Kinematics of the artificial-muscle-driven robot in the joint and Cartesian spaces was derived with respect to the muscles’ motion. The Lagrangian mechanics was employed for the formulation of the dynamic model of the robot and deriving the equations of motion. A model-based computed-muscle-force control was designed

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27

Mitchell, Kellen, Lily Raymond, and Yifei Jin. "Material Extrusion Advanced Manufacturing of Helical Artificial Muscles from Shape Memory Polymer." Machines 10, no. 7 (2022): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10070497.

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Rehabilitation and mobility assistance using robotic orthosis or exoskeletons have shown potential in aiding those with musculoskeletal disorders. Artificial muscles are the main component used to drive robotics and bio-assistive devices. However, current fabrication methods to produce artificial muscles are technically challenging and laborious for medical staff at clinics and hospitals. This study aims to investigate a printhead system for material extrusion of helical polymer artificial muscles. In the proposed system, an internal fluted mandrel within the printhead and a temperature contro

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Noritsugu, Toshiro, Masahiro Takaiwa, and Daisuke Sasaki. "Development of Power Assist Wear Using Pneumatic Rubber Artificial Muscles." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 21, no. 5 (2009): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2009.p0607.

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In the future, when the average age of the members of society becomes advanced, an innovative technology to assist the activities of daily living of elderly and disabled people and to assist in the heavy work in nursing will be desired. To develop such a technology, an actuator that is safe and user-friendly is required. It should be small, lightweight, and sufficiently soft. Such an actuator is available in artificial muscle made of pneumatic rubber. We have developed some types of pneumatic rubber artificial muscles and applied them to wearable power assist devices. A wearable power assist d

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29

Schmitt, S., M. Günther, T. Rupp, A. Bayer, and D. Häufle. "Theoretical Hill-Type Muscle and Stability: Numerical Model and Application." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/570878.

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The construction of artificial muscles is one of the most challenging developments in today’s biomedical science. The application of artificial muscles is focused both on the construction of orthotics and prosthetics for rehabilitation and prevention purposes and on building humanoid walking machines for robotics research. Research in biomechanics tries to explain the functioning and design of real biological muscles and therefore lays the fundament for the development of functional artificial muscles. Recently, the hyperbolic Hill-type force-velocity relation was derived from simple mechanica

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30

Zhang, Zeng Meng, Yong Jun Gong, and Jiao Yi Hou. "Drive Characteristic Analysis and Test System Design for Water Hydraulic Artificial Muscle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.737.

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Performance tests and drive experiments play an important role in researches on water hydraulic artificial muscles. A test system is designed to analyze the drive characteristic of the developed water hydraulic artificial muscle. Through simulation getting main parameters, the hydraulic circuit to regulate the pressure of the water hydraulic artificial muscle and a proportional control loading system are built. The pressure control and drawing force regulation in the loading system for muscles with different diameter and length are provided by the designed test system. The experimental results

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31

rol, Firdevs, and Burak i. "Segmentation of Masticatory Muscles on Ultrasonographic Images Using Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Population." Annals of Medical Research 30, no. 10 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2023.09.243.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to utilize artificial intelligence for the segmentation of masticatory muscles in ultrasound images. Materials and Methods: The study comprised a cohort of 60 pediatric patients with ultrasonographic images of the masseter, anterior temporal, and lateral pterygoid muscles, 120 images for each muscle, right and left, totalling 360 muscle images. Within the context of this research, the YOLOv8-Seg deep learning model was employed to automatically conduct the segmentation of the masseter, anterior temporal, and lateral pterygoid muscles within ultrasonogr

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Kojima, Akihiro, Manabu Okui, and Taro Nakamura. "Development of Soft Pneumatic Actuators Using High-Strain Elastic Materials with Stress Anisotropy of Short Fibers." Proceedings 64, no. 1 (2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecat2020-08526.

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In recent years, soft robots, such as those with high human affinity and those that excellently imitate the movements of natural creatures, have gained considerable attention. In soft robots, structurally flexible soft actuators need to be used, not conventional motors or hydraulic/pneumatic cylinders. Various types of soft actuators have been developed depending on the driving principle. A pneumatic rubber artificial muscle is a kind of soft actuator that acquires power through injection of a working fluid, such as air, into an elastic structure, such as rubber. In this study, the authors dev

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Shahinpoor, Mohsen. "Chitosan/IPMC Artificial Muscles." Advances in Science and Technology 79 (September 2012): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.79.32.

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This presentation discusses how biopolymers such as chitosan and ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) can be combined by intercalation and co-polymerization to form a new nanocomposite with actuation, energy harvesting and sensing capabilities and yet have medical healing and diagnostics capabilities. Described are chitosan and ionic polymeric networks containing conjugated ions that can be redistributed by an imposed electric field and consequently act as distributed nanosensors, nanoactuators and artificial muscles. The presentation briefly discusses the manufacturing methodologies and the

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Aliseichik, A. P., D. A. Gribkov, A. R. Efimov, et al. "Artificial Muscles (Review Article)." Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International 61, no. 2 (2022): 270–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064230722010026.

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35

Mu, Jiuke, Mônica Jung de Andrade, Shaoli Fang, et al. "Sheath-run artificial muscles." Science 365, no. 6449 (2019): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw2403.

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Schulz, M. "Speeding Up Artificial Muscles." Science 338, no. 6109 (2012): 893–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1230428.

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Ebron, V. H. "Fuel-Powered Artificial Muscles." Science 311, no. 5767 (2006): 1580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1120182.

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Marks, Paul. "Nanotubes strengthen artificial muscles." New Scientist 195, no. 2612 (2007): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(07)61772-2.

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Liu, Yi, Amar H. Flood, Paul A. Bonvallet, et al. "Linear Artificial Molecular Muscles." Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 27 (2005): 9745–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja051088p.

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40

Baughman, R. H. "Conducting polymer artificial muscles." Synthetic Metals 78, no. 3 (1996): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(96)80158-5.

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Zhang, Xi, Shazed Aziz, Bidita Salahuddin, and Zhonghua Zhu. "Thermoresponsive hydrogel artificial muscles." Matter 6, no. 9 (2023): 2735–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2023.05.030.

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Piteľ, Ján, and Mária Tóthová. "Operating Characteristics of Antagonistic Actuator with Pneumatic Artificial Muscles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 616 (August 2014): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.616.101.

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Nonconventional actuators based on the pneumatic artificial muscles can be used in manipulators mainly for their lower energy consumption and higher performance at lower weight. In the paper there are compared the dynamic operating characteristics of the antagonistic actuator with the pneumatic artificial muscles obtained by simulation of the different muscle models in Matlab / Simulink environment with the real measured data on the experimental actuator. The results of these simulations and measurements confirmed highly nonlinear operating characteristics of such actuator and also right appro

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Chipka, Jordan, Michael A. Meller, Alexander Volkov, Matthew Bryant, and Ephrahim Garcia. "Linear dynamometer testing of hydraulic artificial muscles with variable recruitment." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 15 (2017): 2051–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16682845.

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A novel, meso-scale hydraulic actuator characterization test platform, termed a linear hydraulic actuator characterization device, is demonstrated and characterized in this study. The linear hydraulic actuator characterization device is applied to testing McKibben artificial muscles and is used to show the energy savings due to the implementation of a variable recruitment muscle control scheme. The linear hydraulic actuator characterization device is a hydraulic linear dynamometer that can be controlled to enable a desired force and stroke profile to be prescribed to the artificial muscles. Th

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Ferris, Daniel P., Joseph M. Czerniecki, and Blake Hannaford. "An Ankle-Foot Orthosis Powered by Artificial Pneumatic Muscles." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 21, no. 2 (2005): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.21.2.189.

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We developed a pneumatically powered orthosis for the human ankle joint. The orthosis consisted of a carbon fiber shell, hinge joint, and two artificial pneumatic muscles. One artificial pneumatic muscle provided plantar flexion torque and the second one provided dorsiflexion torque. Computer software adjusted air pressure in each artificial muscle independently so that artificial muscle force was proportional to rectified low-pass-filtered electromyography (EMG) amplitude (i.e., proportional myoelectric control). Tibialis anterior EMG activated the artificial dorsiflexor and soleus EMG activa

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Zhang, Zeng Meng, Jiao Yi Hou, Zheng Wen Sun, Yong Jun Gong, and Jian Miao. "Analysis and Simulation on Drive Characteristic of High-Strength Water Hydraulic Artificial Muscle." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.488.

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Driving processes and characteristics are different between the water hydraulic artificial muscle and pneumatic artificial muscle due to the difference of work media employed in muscles. An appropriative hydraulic circuit was designed to control the pressure of the water hydraulic artificial muscle and the performance of this system was analyzed. An AMESim model of the control system was built and the dynamic characteristics are analyzed with various parameters of the hydraulic circuit and various loads by simulation. The results show that the performance of the water hydraulic control valve s

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Kreheľ, Radoslav, and Ľuboslav Straka. "Diagnostics of the Arm Actuator Position Using Incremental Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 616 (August 2014): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.616.77.

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Article discusses the diagnosis and control of the operation of artificial muscle with the ability to predict a steady state actuator arm. This can prevent disrepair and provides diagnostics dynamics shoulders. The article contains information about the function and basic properties of the actuator based on pneumatic artificial muscles. The article presents the measurement results of the response of the actuator arm displacement depending on the input pulse. This dependence enables artificial muscles to be better adjusted to the needs of a practical operation.

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Díaz-Zagal, S., C. Gutiérrez-Estrada, E. Rendón-Lara, I. Abundez-Barrera, and J. H. Pacheco-Sánchez. "Pneumatic Artificial Mini-Muscles Conception: Medical Robotics Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 15 (August 2009): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.15.49.

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Actually, the pneumatic artificial muscles of McKibben type [1] show a great functional similarity with the skeletal muscle. A detailed analysis of the system has been performed to better characterize this similarity with the analogous dynamic behavior of the organic system. Such analysis has shown that the McKibben-type artificial muscle can be adapted to the Hill fundamental model [2]. Research regarding pneumatic artificial muscle with application to robotics has recently focused on mini-actuators for miniaturized robotics systems. This is specially true in the area of medical robotics, but

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Tondu, Bertrand. "Modelling of the McKibben artificial muscle: A review." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23, no. 3 (2012): 225–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x11435435.

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The so-called McKibben artificial muscle is one of the most efficient and currently one of the most widely used fluidic artificial muscles, due to the simplicity of its design, combining ease of implementation and analogous behaviour with skeletal muscles. Its working principle is very simple: The circumferential stress of a pressurized inner tube is transformed into an axial contraction force by means of a double-helix braided sheath whose geometry corresponds to a network of identical pantographs. However, behind this apparent simplicity lie two phenomena, which must be considered so as to f

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Ventura, Erik, Cagri Oztan, Diego Palacios, Irene Isabel Vargas, and Emrah Celik. "Magnetically-doped polydimethylsiloxane for artificial muscle applications." Functional Materials Letters 13, no. 01 (2019): 1950089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604719500899.

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Artificial muscle actuators demonstrate great potential for improving the quality of life. Recently, polymer muscle actuators have attracted attention due to their inexpensive and highly versatile methods of fabrication along with decent mechanical properties that can mimic those of natural muscles. The aim of this research is to investigate the usability of a magnetite-doped polymer powder, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), for artificial muscle actuators through an inexpensive method of production. PDMS samples doped with different levels of magnetite were fabricated using molds that were produce

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Sárosi, József, and Zoltán Fabulya. "A Fluidic Muscle által kifejtett erő közelítésének vizsgálata MS Excel környezetben." Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok 8, no. 1-2 (2013): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jtgf.2013.1-2.70-76.

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The newest and most promising type of pneumatic actuators is the pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM). Different designs have been developed, but the McKibben muscle is the most popular and is made commercially available by different companies (e. g. Fluidic Muscle manufactured by Festo Company and Shadow Air Muscle manufactured by Shadow Robot Company). Pneumatic artificial muscles have a wide range of use in industrial and medical fields. There are a lot of advantages of these muscles like the high strength, good power-weight ratio, low price, little maintenance needed, great compliance, compac

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