Journal articles: 'Artificial population'

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Bachevskaya, L. T., V. V. Pereverzeva та A. A. Primak. "Генетическое разнообразие донорной и интродуцированной популяций кеты Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) из рек Яма и Кулькуты (северное побережье Охотского моря)". Bulletin of the North-East Science Center, № 1 (30 березня 2023): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2023-1-71-78.

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The nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA cytb and COI genes of the chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) from the rivers of the Sea of Okhotsk northern coast (Yama - donor, Kulkuty - artificially created population) have been determined. Polymorphism of the studied molecular markers has been noted. Unique haplotypes occurring only in one of the studied populations were found. The genetic distance calculated between the Yama and Kulkuty chum salmon populations indicates the absence of statistically significant differences between them. Nevertheless, the genetic diversity in a sample from an artificially created population tends to increase comparing to indicators characterizing the donor population. This may be associated with the formation peculiarities of the Kulkuty chum salmon genetic structure. Besides, the influence of the straying, amounted to 4 %, cannot be excluded. Apparently, haplotypes introduced as a result of inter-population exchange are successfully maintained through artificial reproduction. This has caused some change in the gene pool of the artificial population compared to the donor one.

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Mutharasan, R. Kannan, and Jessica Walradt. "Population Health and Artificial Intelligence." JACC: Advances 3, no. 8 (2024): 101092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101092.

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Gaponenko, M., A. Gnatiuk, and D. Rakhmetov. "Distinctive features of Ex situ plant populations." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 81, no. 2 (2020): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2020.81.6-10.

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Distinctive features of ex situ plant populations (outside natural habitats) are manifested during the formation and development of groups of individuals mainly in the process of their introduction and acclimatization. The experience and practice of using terms for ex situ plant populations has been analyzed. Information about artificially created plant groups is generalized. The results of the analysis concerning the definition of the term "ex situ plant population" and its use in relation to introduced plants are presented. The list of definitions for the following terms are given: "initial population", "introductive population", "introductive coenotic population", "introduced population", "cultivated populations", "agro population", "cultural population", "hybrid population", "artificial population", "experimental population", "spontaneous population". It has been stated that modeling, forming and copying methods are used to form ex situ plant populations. It has been noted that ex situ plant populations can be formed and developed independently or artificially formed. The scheme of distribution of ex situ plant populations by the degree of genetic integrity, ability to reproduce, duration of existence, size and stage of development, place and style of formation of the initial population is proposed. It has been established that groups of genetically homogeneous individuals of artificial plant groups that freely cross each other and for a long time reproduce offsprings can be characterized as populations. Such populations are the result of purposeful human activity on the introduction and cultivation of plants, and are largely dependent on anthropic influence. The study of their structure and dynamics is a prerequisite for predicting and evaluating the success of introductions and preventing threats of spontaneous propagation and uncontrolled, unwanted naturalization of plants under new growth conditions.

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Vögeli, Matthias, Paola Laiolo, David Serrano, and José L. Tella. "Predation of experimental nests is linked to local population dynamics in a fragmented bird population." Biology Letters 7, no. 6 (2011): 954–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0241.

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Artificial nest experiments (ANEs) are widely used to obtain proxies of natural nest predation for testing a variety of hypotheses, from those dealing with variation in life-history strategies to those assessing the effects of habitat fragmentation on the persistence of bird populations. However, their applicability to real-world scenarios has been criticized owing to the many potential biases in comparing predation rates of artificial and natural nests. Here, we aimed to test the validity of estimates of ANEs using a novel approach. We related predation rates on artificial nests to population viability analyses in a songbird metapopulation as a way of predicting the real impact of predation events on the local populations studied. Predation intensity on artificial nests was negatively related to the species' annual population growth rate in small local populations, whereas the viability of large local populations did not seem to be influenced, even by high nest predation rates. The potential of extrapolation from ANEs to real-world scenarios is discussed, as these results suggest that artificial nest predation estimates may predict demographic processes in small structured populations.

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Severns, Paul M. "Genetic differentiation in an artificial population of the threatened plant Lupinus oreganus (Fabaceae)." Botany 91, no. 5 (2013): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2012-0278.

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Reintroduction, supplemental planting for genetic rescue, and the creation of artificial seed production populations are common methods to conserve rare plant species, but empirical studies assessing the effects of artificial selection on genetic diversity are rare. I conducted a retrospective DNA genotyping study on an artificial population (hereinafter Office) of the threatened plant, Lupinus oreganus Heller, to determine whether the process of establishing the Office population facilitated genetic differentiation and if genetic diversity was maintained in the Office cohort. Genotyping indicated that uncommon maternal lineages (cpDNA haplotypes) were selected for in the artificial population and that the Office population was genetically distinct from both seed source patches. Furthermore, despite a small population size of seven individuals, cpDNA haplotype and nDNA simple sequence repeat allelic diversity was maintained in the surviving Office cohort. This study suggests that small artificial rare plant populations may be beneficial for capitalizing on the existing within-population genetic diversity, but they may also select for uncommon allelic diversity and facilitate genetic differentiation.

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Rutila, Jarkko, Jukka Jokimäki, Jesús M. Avilés, and Marja-Liisa Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki. "Responses of Parasitized And Unparasitized Common Redstart (Phoenicurus Phoenicurus) Populations Against Artificial Cuckoo Parasitism." Auk 123, no. 1 (2006): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.1.259.

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Abstract Brood parasitism selects for defensive mechanisms that enhance host fitness. Therefore, host populations under different parasitism pressures may express different levels of defense against brood parasites. We tested the rejection responses of currently parasitized and unparasitized Common Redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus) populations in Finland to artificial Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) eggs. We predicted a higher level of defense in the parasitized population, but in fact the rejection rate was higher in the nonparasitized population. Nonmimetic artificial eggs were rejected more often than mimetic ones. Desertion probability was higher in the nonparasitized population and was independent of artificial egg type. Common Redstarts in the parasitized population rejected the artificial eggs mostly through ejection, whereas desertion was a more frequent rejection method in the nonparasitized population. Our results suggest that current selection pressures from brood parasites do not always explain the current levels of defense. Respuestas de Poblaciones Parasitadas y No Parasitadas de Phoenicurus phoenicurus Contra el Parasitismo Artificial de Cuculus canorus

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Nosova, M. G., and A. V. Fyodorov. "ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR POPULATION FORECASTING." Современные наукоемкие технологии (Modern High Technologies), no. 8 2021 (2021): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/snt.38787.

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C, M. Naveen Kumar, and K. Seethamma .K. "Artificial Intelligence: Fuel for Growth in Japan Economy." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, S1 (2018): 28–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1469455.

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The objective of this paper is to understand the changing trends in population composition in Japan and to understand the advantages of Artificial Intelligence. After examining the literature of Japan’s Total fertility rate and Demographic change it clearly reveals future crisis that Japan Economy may face. Apart from the efforts of Japan Government policies to address population crisis, but it appears a  very little impact to mitigate the decline in Total Fertility Rate. So there is a serious threat in terms of work force and it looks that greater attention should be given to artificial intelligence to bridge the gap between the total population and working population.

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T.Yu., Markina. "THE TEORETICAL BASIS OF HOMEOSTASIS MAINTENANCE IN ARTIFICIAL INSECT POPULATIONS AND CONTROL OF THEIR CONDITION." Біологія та валеологія, no. 19 (December 12, 2017): 58–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1108514.

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Theoretical basis of homeostasis maintenance in artificial insect populations and control of their condition. T. Yu. Markina – The principle of homeostasis as a general property of biological systems at various levels is fully peculiar for artificial insect populations. Features of technocenosis cause some changes in structural parameters of insect cultures. Viability index is suggested to use as the criterion of population condition. Correlation between viability of artificial insect populations and intensity of vital taxis has been proved. The role of taxis in maintaining of population homeostasis is analyzed.  

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Revuelta, Ohiana, Yolanda M. León, Francisco J. Aznar, Juan A. Raga, and Jesús Tomás. "Running against time: conservation of the remaining hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting population in the Dominican Republic." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 4 (2012): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412001518.

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Saona Island hosts the last hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting population in the Dominican Republic, which has experienced a severe decline in the last decades, mostly due to illegal egg take. Here we present the results of an artificial incubation programme started in 2007 to protect the clutches from human predation. A preliminary survey in 2006 showed that about 60% of clutches laid were taken by humans. Over the study period (2007–2010) we recorded 400 clutches, of which 38.2% were predated by humans, 40.7% were artificially incubated and 21% were incubated in situ. Overall, the artificial incubation programme allowed the release of 12,340 hatchlings. No differences were found in hatching and emergence success between clutches incubated in situ and clutches artificially incubated. However, incubation temperatures and incubation durations recorded suggest a male-biased hatchling sex-ratio in artificially incubated clutches. Although artificial incubation may mitigate the effect of egg take, our results indicate that other measures, such as clutch relocation to protected sections of the beach should be taken. Beach patrolling and education are currently implemented so that artificial incubation will be eventually phased out in favour of in situ incubation.

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Xu, Xin, Zhaohui Shi, Chang Tong, Shuxia Shao, Hongyuan Wei, and Zixiang Yang. "Comparison of Fecundity and Gall-Forming of the Horned-Gall Aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Different Populations." Insects 16, no. 1 (2025): 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16010100.

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The horned-gall aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis, is the most economically valuable Chinese gallnut aphid species, playing a decisive role in the production of Chinese gallnuts. The method of cultivating the gallnut species with artificial moss and increasing the yield of gallnuts after inoculation has been applied in the main producing areas of Chinese gallnuts. However, it is still unclear whether artificial cultivation affects the fecundity and gall-forming effect of S. chinensis. In this study, autumn migrant aphids of S. chinensis from wild, artificial and introduced populations were used as materials to cultivate and inoculate under the same environment. The number of male and female sexuales, fundatrices, the galls per tree, and the total weight of galls per tree in subsequent generations were analyzed, and differences in the fecundity and gall-forming effects of different populations were analyzed. The results showed that the fecundity of the wild population was stronger than that of the artificial population, and the number of aphids produced by a single spring migrant and the number of fundatrices increased by 75.86% and 81.62%, respectively. Compared with the introduced population, the survival rate of female sexuales in the local population was higher. Compared with the artificial population, the gall-forming effect of the wild population was better; the number of galls per tree, the weight of single gall, and the total weight of galls per tree increased by 68.33%, 50.77%, and 153.78%, respectively; and the gall preservation rate increased significantly. Artificial cultivation of S. chinensis will lead to a decrease in fecundity and gall-forming effect in subsequent generations, showing the degradation of the vitality of S. chinensis. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the effect of artificial cultivation of S. chinensis by adopting technical measures such as wild population or introduction.

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Li, Zi, Dan He, Kuangshi Huang, Shaoru Jiang, and Peijun Ye. "Cognitive Artificial Population System: Framework and Application." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 5 (2020): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.04.197.

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Lindström, Jan, Hanna Kokko, Esa Ranta, and Harto Lindén. "Predicting population fluctuations with artificial neural networks." Wildlife Biology 4, no. 1 (1998): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.1998.009.

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Lavigne, Maxime, Fatima Mussa, Maria I. Creatore, Steven J. Hoffman, and David L. Buckeridge. "A population health perspective on artificial intelligence." Healthcare Management Forum 32, no. 4 (2019): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470419848428.

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The burgeoning field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to profoundly impact the public’s health. Yet, to make the most of this opportunity, decision-makers must understand AI concepts. In this article, we describe approaches and fields within AI and illustrate through examples how they can contribute to informed decisions, with a focus on population health applications. We first introduce core concepts needed to understand modern uses of AI and then describe its sub-fields. Finally, we examine four sub-fields of AI most relevant to population health along with examples of available tools and frameworks. Artificial intelligence is a broad and complex field, but the tools that enable the use of AI techniques are becoming more accessible, less expensive, and easier to use than ever before. Applications of AI have the potential to assist clinicians, health system managers, policy-makers, and public health practitioners in making more precise, and potentially more effective, decisions.

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Occhipinti, Jo-An, Ante Prodan, William Hynes, et al. "Artificial intelligence, recessionary pressures and population health." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 103, no. 02 (2025): 155–63. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.24.291950.

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Bandelt, H. J., A. Salas, and S. Lutz-Bonengel. "Artificial recombination in forensic mtDNA population databases." International Journal of Legal Medicine 118, no. 5 (2004): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-004-0455-2.

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Wang, Jiangtao, Long Chen, Deborah Lycett, Duncan Vernon, and Dingchang Zheng. "Toward Population Health Intelligence: When Artificial Intelligence Meets Population Health Research." Computer 57, no. 6 (2024): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2023.3283857.

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Alekseeva, Olga A., Oksana Yu Bestuzheva, Olga N. Vershinskaya, and Elena E. Skvortsova. "Impact of digital transformation on the modern socio-economic order." POPULATION 23, no. 3 (2020): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.3.4.

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The socio-economic order is changing in the 21st century due to the digitalization and robotization of production and management processes, the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The technological stages and directions of digital transformation and the area of its application are briefly described in the article. Both the positive and negative likely impact of AI on human social life are analyzed. The role of AI in improving the quality of life of the population is shown, including overcoming of destructive consequences associated with the COVID-19. The humanitarian benefits associated with the functional use of AI technologies are presented: online interactions provide new opportunities for communication, effective organization of life, for education, work, self-expression and creativity. Challenges and threats to humanity in the process of interaction with AI are Identified and systematized: a person's loss of control over his personal life, taking away work from a person by AI, replacement of professions, changes in employment, digital inequality, reduction of cognitive, social and life skills people, potential ethical conflicts. Ways are outlined by which people could join forces in solving threatening problems and maintaining control over complex networks «people-digit».

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Venkateswaran, Kasthuri, Hiroki Tanaka, Shyoko Komukai, Haruhisa Toki, Tokuro Iwabuchi, and Shigetoh Miyachi. "ECODYNAMICS OF OIL-DEGRADING BACTERIA AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MARINE MIXED POPULATIONS IN THE DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM COMPOUNDS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (1993): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-427.

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ABSTRACT Ecological studies, screening of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, and studies of the potentials of various single and mixed bacterial populations in the utilization of petroleum compounds were carried out to understand the microbial hydrocarbon degradation process in marine ecosystems. Populations of hydrocarbon utilizers were larger in coastal regions than in pelagic environments. Ecological observations indicated that oil-degrading bacteria were ubiquitously distributed in both temperate and tropical environments, irrespective of oil-polluted and unpolluted ecosystems. Bacteria were grown with n-tetradecane, pristane, propylbenzene, phenanthrene, and crude oil as the sole carbon source; and substrate specificities of the purified strains were characterized. Based on the assimilation characteristics of the isolated strains, an artificial mixed-culture system was constructed. Biodegradation of crude oil by the natural mixed population was found to be higher than by the artificial mixed population. However, when some of the substrate-specific degraders were artificially mixed with natural microflora, the degradation of hard-to-degrade aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of crude oil was enhanced.

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Jiang, Senping, Xinyi Chen, Pengfei Li, et al. "Does the Artificial Enhancement and Release Activity Affect the Genetic Diversity of Marbled Rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus in Zhoushan Waters?" Fishes 9, no. 5 (2024): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050161.

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Artificial enhancement and release activity is an important method in the restoration of fishery resources. In order to understand the possible genetic effect of hatchery-released populations on wild populations during the artificial enhancement and release activities of Sebastiscus marmoratus in Zhoushan waters, we utilized mitochondrial DNA control region sequences to examine the genetic diversity in four S. marmoratus populations, including one farmed population, one released population and two wild populations. A total of 68 haplotypes from 123 individuals were detected, including 3 shared haplotypes. Haplotype diversity ranged from 0.944 to 0.980, with a mean of 0.966. The nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.020 to 0.025, with a mean of 0.022. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) indicated that the primary genetic variation occurs within populations and the index of genetic differentiation between populations (FST) among the four populations showed no differentiation. The results indicate that the current artificial enhancement and release has not impacted the S. marmoratus population in Zhoushan waters. Continued long-term monitoring is essential to protect the high-quality germplasm resources of S. marmoratus.

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Tarasenko, Svitlana, Oleksandra Karintseva, Wojciech Duranowski, Artem Bilovol, and Viacheslav Voronenko. "Awareness and readiness to use artificial intelligence by the adult population of Ukraine: Survey results." Problems and Perspectives in Management 22, no. 4 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(4).2024.01.

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Policymakers, educators, and businesses must develop artificial intelligence-related initiatives and strategies to effectively engage and benefit the population. The study aims to evaluate awareness and readiness to utilize artificial intelligence by the adult population of Ukraine in 2022. The paper employed a questionnaire consisting of two sets of questions: 1) awareness of artificial intelligence and 2) readiness to use artificial intelligence. A total of 806 respondents were interviewed via an online survey. The margin of error does not exceed 5%. The results indicate that while Ukrainians have a generally positive view of artificial intelligence, they remain skeptical about the prospect of robots functioning as workplace partners. The majority find it difficult to envision collaborating with a robot in a professional setting (only 36.9% of Ukrainians are ready to work with a robot). The survey highlights that the primary benefits of AI products and services valued by Ukrainians include timesaving, increased comfort, and enhanced service accessibility. Ukrainian men demonstrate a greater degree of commitment and awareness of artificial intelligence products/services than Ukrainian women. Young people are the most informed age group about artificial intelligence products/services. Residents of the western regions indicate a more significant impact of artificial intelligence on the present, unlike respondents from the eastern regions of Ukraine. AcknowledgmentThis research was funded by a grant “Restructuring of the national economy in the direction of digital transformations for sustainable development” (№0122U001232) from National Research Foundation.

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Mousawi, Marwa Al, Sami Tlais, Ali Alkatib, and Hassan S. Hajj Hussein. "Consumption and Effect of Artificial Sweeteners and Artificially Sweetened Products on Lebanese Population." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 5, no. 4 (2020): 882–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.54.6.

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Di, Xue-Yuan, Bin Yan, Cheng-Xu Wu, Xiao-Fei Yu, Jian-Feng Liu, and Mao-Fa Yang. "Does Larval Rearing Diet Lead to Premating Isolation in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)?" Insects 12, no. 3 (2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030203.

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Host plant preference during the larval stage may help shape not only phenotypic plasticity but also behavioral isolation. We assessed the effects of diet on population parameters and mate choice in Spodoptera litura. We raised larvae fed on tobacco, Chinese cabbage, or an artificial diet, and we observed the shortest developmental time and highest fecundity in individuals fed the artificial diet. However, survival rates were higher for larvae on either of the natural diets. Population parameters including intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were significantly higher with the artificial diet, but this diet led to a lower mean generation time. Copulation duration, copulation time, and number of eggs reared significantly differed between diets. In terms of mate choice, females on the artificial diet rarely mated with males fed on a natural host. Our results support the hypothesis that different diets may promote behavioral isolation, affecting mating outcomes. Thus, findings for populations fed an artificial diet may not reflect findings for populations in the field.

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Landry, Latrice, Mary Lucas, Anietie Andy, and Ebelechukwu Nwafor. "Artificial Intelligence Assisted Curation of Population Groups in Biomedical Literature." International Journal of Digital Curation 18, no. 1 (2024): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v18i1.950.

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Curation of the growing body of published biomedical research is of great importance to both the synthesis of contemporary science and the archiving of historical biomedical literature. Each of these tasks has become increasingly challenging given the expansion of journal titles, preprint repositories and electronic databases. Added to this challenge is the need for curation of biomedical literature across population groups to better capture study populations for improved understanding of the generalizability of findings. To address this, our study aims to explore the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 as an AI curation assistant for the task of curating biomedical literature for population groups. We conducted a series of experiments which qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the performance of OpenAI’s GPT-4 in curating population information from biomedical literature. Using OpenAI’s GPT-4 and curation instructions, executed through prompts, we evaluate the ability of GPT-4 to classify study ‘populations’, ‘continents’ and ‘countries’ from a previously curated dataset of public health COVID-19 studies. Using three different experimental approaches, we examined performance by: A) evaluation of accuracy (concordance with human curation) using both exact and approximate string matches within a single experimental approach; B) evaluation of accuracy across experimental approaches; and C) conducting a qualitative phenomenology analysis to describe and classify the nature of difference between human curation and GPT curation. Our study shows that GPT-4 has the potential to provide assistance in the curation of population groups in biomedical literature. Additionally, phenomenology provided key information for prompt design that further improved the LLM’s performance in these tasks. Future research should aim to improve prompt design, as well as explore other generative AI models to improve curation performance. An increased understanding of the populations included in research studies is critical for the interpretation of findings, and we believe this study provides keen insight on the potential to increase the scalability of population curation in biomedical studies.

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Muldashev, A. A., O. A. Elizaryeva, and N. V. Maslova. "EXPERIENCE OF REINTRODUCTION OF THE RARE RELICT SPECIES ALLIUM OBLIQUUM L. IN THE BASHKIR CIS-URALS." ÈKOBIOTEH 4, no. 4 (2021): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.31163/2618-964x-2021-4-4-298-309.

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The article discusses the features of distribution, ecology, the conservation status and the limiting factors of the rare relict species Allium obliquum L. in the Bashkir Cis-Urals. The preliminary results of experiments on an artificial increase in the number of threatened populations are given. The object of protection in the work is the population of the species near the Bishkain village (Aurgazinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan) The complex of measures for the preservation of the A. obliquum gene pool in this population includes: monitoring of the preserved natural population, introduction to the nursery of the Botanical Garden (Ufa), introduction to the Natural Botanical Garden (Kushnarenkovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan), creation of reserve artificial populations in the vicinity of the natural population near the Bishkain village and in the place of the disappeared population near the Uksunny village (Aurgazinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan). Two methods of mobilization of the species have been used – sowing seeds and adult plants transplant. At each stage of reintroduction measures, generative plants and seeds were obtained. Vegetative reproduction of plants is noted. We consider plant transplantation to be a faster and more reliable way of creating artificial populations, the safety of individuals from the number of planted so far ranged from 50.0 to 95.0%.

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Zhang, Ming, Zhicheng Ji, and Yan Wang. "Artificial bee colony algorithm with dynamic multi-population." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 19-21 (2017): 1740087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917400875.

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To improve the convergence rate and make a balance between the global search and local turning abilities, this paper proposes a decentralized form of artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm with dynamic multi-populations by means of fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering. Each subpopulation periodically enlarges with the same size during the search process, and the overlapping individuals among different subareas work for delivering information acting as exploring the search space with diffusion of solutions. Moreover, a Gaussian-based search equation with redefined local attractor is proposed to further accelerate the diffusion of the best solution and guide the search towards potential areas. Experimental results on a set of benchmarks demonstrate the competitive performance of our proposed approach.

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Newbury, Paul F., Philip F. Culverhouse, and Derek A. Pilgrim. "Automatic fish population counting by artificial neural network." Aquaculture 133, no. 1 (1995): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)00003-k.

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van Langevelde, Frank, Roy H. A. van Grunsven, Elmar M. Veenendaal, and Thijs P. M. Fijen. "Artificial night lighting inhibits feeding in moths." Biology Letters 13, no. 3 (2017): 20160874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0874.

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One major, yet poorly studied, change in the environment is nocturnal light pollution, which strongly alters habitats of nocturnally active species. Artificial night lighting is often considered as driving force behind rapid moth population declines in severely illuminated countries. To understand these declines, the question remains whether artificial light causes only increased mortality or also sublethal effects. We show that moths subjected to artificial night lighting spend less time feeding than moths in darkness, with the shortest time under light conditions rich in short wavelength radiation. These findings provide evidence for sublethal effects contributing to moth population declines. Because effects are strong under various types of light compared with dark conditions, the potential of spectral alterations as a conservation tool may be overestimated. Therefore, restoration and maintenance of darkness in illuminated areas is essential for reversing declines of moth populations.

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Karnaukhov, Dmitry, Yana Ermolaeva, Maria Maslennikova, et al. "Can the Baikal Amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899) Have Different Responses to Light Pollution with Different Color Temperatures?" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 6 (2025): 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13061039.

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Light pollution can affect various groups of aquatic organisms. This effect will vary depending on the color temperature of the artificial lighting. However, at the moment, the issue of adaptation of organisms to light pollution and the influence of different color temperatures on them has not been well-studied. In this study, we decided to conduct a series of experiments with individuals of the amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus from two populations and find out how individuals adapted to light pollution. The first group of individuals is from the population in Lake Baikal (Bolshie Koty Bay), and the second group is from the population in the Angara River (within the city of Irkutsk). The second population is significantly affected by light pollution. Since the middle of the last century, there has been an artificial barrier between these populations in the form of a hydroelectric power station. The experiments showed that G. fasciatus individuals developed different behavioral strategies in relation to artificial lighting with different color temperatures. In warm light, individuals tend to move to a shaded area, while in cold light, individuals may be attracted to artificial lighting, but only in small groups. These identified patterns may likely find practical use.

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Maslova, Irina I., Aleksandr I. Manolov, Oksana E. Glushchenko, et al. "Limitations in creating artificial populations in agent-based epidemic modeling: a systematic review." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 101, no. 4 (2024): 530–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-467.

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Introduction. The key step in agent-based modeling of epidemics, which allows researchers to take into account individual characteristics of people, is the creation of an artificial population. The main difficulty of this procedure is finding a balance between the detail of the population description and the computational efficiency of the calculations. The aim and objectives of the review: Critically analyze and summarize the current evidence on how to create artificial populations; evaluate the limitations and advantages of available approaches in solving various problems in epidemiology. Materials and methods. An analysis of literature sources devoted to agent-based modeling has been performed. The analysis is focused on algorithms for creating an artificial population with a given level of detail for modeling human respiratory infections. Results. The approaches to the creation of artificial populations are generalized. The main principles of realization of interaction between agents are revealed: by means of networks of contacts between agents and on the basis of taking into account the movement of agents between locations. The first approach is the most computationally efficient and simple; the second approach allows to better take into account the change in the behavior of agents during the development of the epidemic process. Conclusion. Agent-based modeling is an optimal tool for selecting the best scenario for epidemic control and investigating the role of individual characteristics of people in the development of epidemics. When creating an artificial population, it is important to include in the model factors that can be targeted for control. A significant limitation is the lack of factual data on population structure, but this can be overcome by using indirect data.

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Sheng, Kai, Zhen Li, Zhi Chao Song, and Hong Duan. "Artificial Society-Oriented Large-Scale Road Path Querying Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 2269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.2269.

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In artificial society simulation, each artificial population needs road path planning in the process of travel. However, because of the large amounts of populations in artificial society, road path planning will cost lots computational resources and time, thus this process has terrible efficiency to the performance of the simulation system. In order to solve this problem, this article firstly makes use of CPU to generate the artificial populations, travel logs, and construct the road network models; then computes the shortest road path between each two environments and load the results in RAM for prepare; lastly, sends the ID and its start point and destination of the population who need road path querying to GPU at current simulation time in the simulation process, and then takes advantages of GPU to query the road path and return the results back. In this way, we can obviously reduce the time costs in the process of road path querying and enormously improve the performance of the whole simulation system.

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Yarasheva, Aziza, and Dmitry Markov. "Development of corporate culture of medical employees." Population 25, no. 1 (2022): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.1.13.

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The purpose of the article is to study approaches to the development of corporate culture of healthcare workers in terms of forming a tolerant attitude to patients belonging to various ethno-cultural and confessional groups. This topic has become relevant not only due to the need to improve the quality of medical care provided to the population, but also due to the increased requirements for medical organizations in attracting extra-budgetary funds through import of medical services. Among the measures of managerial actions is further development of the foundations of the corporate culture of employees of medical organizations, which can contribute to solving the problem of attracting patients belonging to different national and religious groups. The results of the analysis (systematization of scientific literature and sociological survey in the form of interviews) of the main problems, the solution of which is associated with development of corporate culture, show that the following issues come to the fore: successful communication of doctors and nurses with patients; differentiation of opinions on organ transplantation (donation); critical situations connected with euthanasia, termination of pregnancy, death of patient (including suicide); attitude to the issues of life reproduction (artificial conception, surrogacy, cloning); difficulty of observing rituals during the treatment of patients. This article presents conclusions on the analysis of two above problems and possible approaches to their solution: 1) communication of medical workers with patients; 2) attitude to organ transplantation. The authors propose measures for formation of new competencies in the corporate culture (as a set of formal and informal requirements in a medical organization imposed on its employees) aimed at preventing and overcoming conflict situations arising from misunderstandings in the relationship between patients and medical staff.

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Saluky, Saluky. "Tinjauan Artificial Intelligence untuk Smart Government." ITEJ (Information Technology Engineering Journals) 3, no. 1 (2018): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/itej.v3i1.22.

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Higher population growth and urbanization to seek a better life keep the city's population increasing and if not controlled it is estimated that by 2030 it will reach 70% of the urban population. The higher the population then the service to the community must be further enhanced because the city's problems will be more complex. The ability of government to adapt to all changes requires artificial intelligence in order to process the data obtained, understand and provide effective and efficient actions in order to serve all its citizens. The result of this survey study is to present artificial intelligence techniques such as search, reasoning, planning, and learning. Artificial intelligence method that is widely used is an artificial neural network to solve the problem.

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Ali, Akhtar, Hongye Li, William L. Schneider, et al. "Analysis of Genetic Bottlenecks during Horizontal Transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus." Journal of Virology 80, no. 17 (2006): 8345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00568-06.

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ABSTRACT Genetic bottlenecks may occur in virus populations when only a few individuals are transferred horizontally from one host to another, or when a viral population moves systemically from the infection site. Genetic bottlenecks during the systemic movement of an RNA plant virus population were reported previously (H. Li and M. J. Roossinck, J. Virol. 78:10582-10587, 2004). In this study we mechanically inoculated an artificial population consisting of 12 restriction enzyme marker mutants of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) onto young leaves of squash plants and used two aphid species, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae, to transmit the virus populations from infected source plants to healthy squash plants. Horizontal transmission by aphids constituted a significant bottleneck, as the population in the aphid-inoculated plants contained far fewer mutants than the original inoculum source. Additional experiments demonstrated that genetic variation in the artificial population of CMV is not reduced during the acquisition of the virus but is significantly reduced during the inoculation period.

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Hundsdoerfer, Anna K., and Michael Wink. "Experimental population genetics in insects: inheritance of ISSR-PCR bands in an artificial population." Zootaxa 2231, no. 1 (2009): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2231.1.2.

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Hundsdoerfer, Anna K., Wink, Michael (2009): Experimental population genetics in insects: inheritance of ISSR-PCR bands in an artificial population. Zootaxa 2231 (1): 40-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2231.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2231.1.2

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Fu, Yuqing, Laurent Gavotte, David R. Mercer, and Stephen L. Dobson. "Artificial Triple Wolbachia Infection in Aedes albopictus Yields a New Pattern of Unidirectional Cytoplasmic Incompatibility." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 17 (2010): 5887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00218-10.

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ABSTRACT Obligately intracellular Wolbachia bacteria infect numerous invertebrates and often manipulate host reproduction to facilitate the spread of infection. An example of reproductive manipulation is Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which occurs commonly in insects. This CI has been the focus both of basic scientific studies of naturally occurring invasion events and of applied investigations on the use of Wolbachia as a vehicle to drive desired genotypes into insect populations (“gene drive” or “population replacement” strategies). The latter application requires an ability to generate artificial infections that cause a pattern of unidirectional incompatibility with the targeted host population. A suggested target of population replacement strategies is the mosquito Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito), an important invasive pest and disease vector. Aedes albopictus individuals are naturally “superinfected” with two Wolbachia types: wAlbA and wAlbB. Thus, generating a strain that is unidirectionally incompatible with field populations requires the introduction of an additional infection into the preexisting superinfection. Although prior reports demonstrate an ability to transfer Wolbachia infections to A. albopictus artificially, including both intra- and interspecific Wolbachia transfers, previous efforts have not generated a strain capable of invading natural populations. Here we describe the generation of a stable triple infection by introducing Wolbachia wRi from Drosophila simulans into a naturally superinfected A. albopictus strain. The triple-infected strain displays a pattern of unidirectional incompatibility with the naturally infected strain. This unidirectional CI, combined with a high fidelity of maternal inheritance and low fecundity effects, suggests that the artificial cytotype could serve as an appropriate vehicle for gene drive.

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Montarry, Josselin, Sylvie Bardou-Valette, Romain Mabon, et al. "Exploring the causes of small effective population sizes in cyst nematodes using artificial Globodera pallida populations." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1894 (2019): 20182359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2359.

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The effective size of a population is the size of an ideal population which would undergo genetic drift at the same rate as the real population. The balance between selection and genetic drift depends on the effective population size ( N e ), rather than the real numbers of individuals in the population ( N ). The objectives of the present study were to estimate N e in the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida and to explore the causes of a low N e / N ratio in cyst nematodes using artificial populations. Using a temporal analysis of 24 independent populations, the median N e was 58 individuals (min N e = 25 and max N e = 228). N e is commonly lower than N but in the case of cyst nematodes, the N e / N ratio was extremely low. Using artificial populations showed that this low ratio did not result from migration, selection and overlapping generations, but could be explain by the fact that G. pallida populations deviate in structure from the assumptions of the ideal population by having unequal sex ratios, high levels of inbreeding and a high variance in family sizes. The consequences of a low N e , resulting in a strong intensity of genetic drift, could be important for their control because G. pallida populations will have a low capacity to adapt to changing environments.

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Terrucha, Inês, Elias Fernández Domingos, Francisco C. Santos, Pieter Simoens, and Tom Lenaerts. "The art of compensation: How hybrid teams solve collective-risk dilemmas." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (2024): e0297213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297213.

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It is widely known how the human ability to cooperate has influenced the thriving of our species. However, as we move towards a hybrid human-machine future, it is still unclear how the introduction of artificial agents in our social interactions affect this cooperative capacity. In a one-shot collective risk dilemma, where enough members of a group must cooperate in order to avoid a collective disaster, we study the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation in a hybrid population. In our model, we consider a hybrid population composed of both adaptive and fixed behavior agents. The latter serve as proxies for the machine-like behavior of artificially intelligent agents who implement stochastic strategies previously learned offline. We observe that the adaptive individuals adjust their behavior in function of the presence of artificial agents in their groups to compensate their cooperative (or lack of thereof) efforts. We also find that risk plays a determinant role when assessing whether or not we should form hybrid teams to tackle a collective risk dilemma. When the risk of collective disaster is high, cooperation in the adaptive population falls dramatically in the presence of cooperative artificial agents. A story of compensation, rather than cooperation, where adaptive agents have to secure group success when the artificial agents are not cooperative enough, but will rather not cooperate if the others do so. On the contrary, when risk of collective disaster is low, success is highly improved while cooperation levels within the adaptive population remain the same. Artificial agents can improve the collective success of hybrid teams. However, their application requires a true risk assessment of the situation in order to actually benefit the adaptive population (i.e. the humans) in the long-term.

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LOBO, YONARA, and MIGUEL ÂNGELO MARINI. "Artificial incubation, egg replacement and adoptive parents in bird management: a test with Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 3 (2012): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270912000111.

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SummaryReducing the time that birds’ eggs are exposed during incubation in the wild is a management strategy with the potential to reduce nest predation rates, enhance breeding success and increase the population size of endangered species. We tested whether manipulation of clutches through artificial incubation of Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis eggs and subsequent reintroduction of new-born nestlings to their original nest, and the use of adoptive parents, were efficient ways of increasing the population size of this species. We evaluated the financial cost and benefit of three different management strategies of artificial egg incubation with reintroduction of nestlings to the original nest. We searched for nests and manipulated eggs during the breeding seasons of 2009 and 2010 in a savanna reserve in central Brazil. Real eggs were replaced by artificial eggs and artificially incubated. The following breeding parameters were monitored: hatching rate, fledgling productivity, daily survival rate of nestlings and nest success. The effect of nest monitoring frequency (daily or every 3–4 days) on breeding parameters was also tested. Hatching rate was much higher amongst artificially incubated eggs than naturally incubated eggs. Artificially incubated clutches presented higher rates of fledgling production and apparent nest success than non-manipulated clutches. Clutch manipulation did not interfere with nestling daily survival rate. Daily monitoring did not have negative effects. The clutch manipulation methodology we used proved to be viable and is a potential tool for increasing population size.

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Ishiyama, N., M. Sueyoshi, and F. Nakamura. "To what extent do human-altered landscapes retain population connectivity? Historical changes in gene flow of wetland fish Pungitius pungitius." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 7 (2015): 150033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150033.

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Understanding how human-altered landscapes affect population connectivity is valuable for conservation planning. Natural connectivity among wetlands, which is maintained by floods, is disappearing owing to farmland expansion. Using genetic data, we assessed historical changes in the population connectivity of the ninespine stickleback within a human-altered wetland system. We predicted that: (i) the contemporary gene flow maintained by the artificial watercourse network may be restricted to a smaller spatial scale compared with the gene flow preceding alteration, and (ii) the contemporary gene flow is dominated by the downstream direction owing to the construction of low-head barriers. We evaluated the potential source population in both timescales. Seventeen studied populations were grouped into four genetically different clusters, and we estimated the migration rates among these clusters. Contemporary migration was restricted to between neighbouring clusters, although a directional change was not detected. Furthermore, we consistently found the same potential source cluster, from past to present, characterized by large amounts of remnant habitats connected by artificial watercourses. These findings highlight that: (i) artificial connectivity can sustain the short-distance connectivity of the ninespine stickleback, which contributes to maintaining the potential source populations; however, (ii) population connectivity throughout the landscape has been prevented by agricultural developments.

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Muldashev, A. A., O. A. Elizaryeva, N. V. Maslova, and A. Kh Galeeva. "THE EXPERIENCE OF CREATING AN ARTIFICIAL POPULATION OF GLOBULARIA PUNCTATA LAPEYR. (GLOBULARIACEAE) IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN." ÈKOBIOTEH 6, no. 1 (2023): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31163/2618-964x-2023-6-1-64-75.

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The article considers the possibility of creating a long-term and self-sustaining artificial population of Globularia punctata Lapeyr. outside the natural area. The species was introduced into the Natural Botanical Garden (NBG) in the Republic of Bashkortostan (the natural monument "Mount Gurovskaya" in the Kushnarenkovsky district) by sowing seeds in 2012. The introduced experiments in the NBG showed the possibility of creating a long-term artificial population of G. punctata. In the experiment, annual flowering of plants with the formation of viable seeds is observed. The artificial coenopopulation of G. punctata is self-sustaining by self-seeding and increases in number and area. The comparison of the ontogenetic structure and the biometric indicators of plants of natural and artificial cenopopulations showed that they do not have significant differences. In the future, the seed material obtained in NBG can be used for reintroduction work in critical natural populations of G. punctata.

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Sen, Baha, Abdullah Çavusoġlu, Haldun Göktas, and Nesrin Aydin. "Population Based Procedural Artificial City Generation Using Beta Distribution." Mathematical and Computational Applications 17, no. 1 (2012): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca17010009.

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Yan, Run-Ying, M. Li, Z. Y. Zhao, Xiao-Jing Lu, and Zhi-Bo Feng. "Non-leaky population transfer in a transmon artificial atom." Laser Physics Letters 15, no. 1 (2017): 015210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/aa877e.

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Whittaker, D. K., and A. S. Hargreaves. "Dental restorations and artificial teeth in a Georgian population." British Dental Journal 171, no. 11 (1991): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4807727.

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Huvaere, Kevin, Stefanie Vandevijvere, Moez Hasni, Christine Vinkx, and Joris Van Loco. "Dietary intake of artificial sweeteners by the Belgian population." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 29, no. 1 (2012): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2011.627572.

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Hummer, A., M. Ritter, M. Woletz, et al. "Artificial scotoma estimation based on population receptive field mapping." NeuroImage 169 (April 2018): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.010.

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Debadiola, Francisco, Maria Ormaechea, Eduardo Ruiz, et al. "Assisted Laparoscopic Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation in Pediatric Population." Journal of Pediatric Urology 4 (April 2008): S85—S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2008.01.132.

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Hill, William G., and Jonathan Rasbash. "Models of long term artificial selection in finite population." Genetical Research 48, no. 1 (1986): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300024642.

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SummaryThe effects of population size and selection intensity, which are in the breeder's control, are investigated for ranges of values of quantities outside his control, namely the number, initial distribution of frequencies and effects of genes influencing the trait. Two alleles are assumed to be initially segregating at each locus, with no linkage, dominance or epistasis. The effects are assumed to follow a gamma distribution, using a wide range of its two parameters which specify both mean gene effect or selective value and the shape of the distribution, or the ratio of Wright's effective number to actual number of genes. The initial gene frequencies (q) are assumed to be either 0·5 at all loci, uniformly distributed over the range 0–1, or to have a U-shaped distribution, proportional to [q(1 − q)]−1 such as derives from neutral mutation, with gene effect and frequency distributions independent. The mean and variance of selection response and limits, in the absence of new mutation, are derived.The shape of the distribution of effects is not usually important even up to the selection limit. With appropriate parametrization, the influence of the initial frequency distribution is small over a wide range of parameters. For reasonable choices of parameters, the effects of changing population size from those typically used in animal breeding programmes are likely to be small, but not negligible. For the initial U-shaped frequency distribution, further increases in population size are always expected to give a greater limit, regardless of present value, but not for the other distributions.

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Weiss, Jakob, Udo Hoffmann, and Hugo J. W. L. Aerts. "Artificial intelligence-derived imaging biomarkers to improve population health." Lancet Digital Health 2, no. 4 (2020): e154-e155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30061-3.

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Gong, Maoguo, Licheng Jiao, and Xiangrong Zhang. "A population-based artificial immune system for numerical optimization." Neurocomputing 72, no. 1-3 (2008): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2007.12.041.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Artificial population'

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