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1
I, Hariharan S., and Lewis Research Center. Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion., eds. Potential theoretic methods for far field sound radiation calculations. Cleveland, Ohio: NASA, Lewis Research Center, ICOMP, 1995.
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2
Ruotoistenmäki, Tapio. Estimation of depth to potential field sources using the Fourier amplitude spectrum. Espoo: Geologian tutkimuskeskus, 1987.
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3
Tyrie, A. Potential applications of remote sensing methods to the African Rift System. Mississauga, Ont: University of Toronto, Erindale Campus, Survey Science, 1986.
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4
Eladhari, Mirjam Palosaari. Characterising action potential in virtual game worlds applied with the mind module. Visby: Gotland University Press, 2011.
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5
Yoseph, Bar-Cohen, ed. Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators as artificial muscles: Reality, potential, and challenges. 2nd ed. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE Press, 2004.
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6
Olle, Eriksson, Andersson Per, Delin Anna, Grechnyev Oleksiy, Alouani Mebarek, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Full-Potential Electronic Structure Method: Energy and Force Calculations with Density Functional and Dynamical Mean Field Theory. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.
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7
Halford, Keith J. Ground-water flow in the surficial aquifer system and potential movement of contaminants from selected waste-disposal sites at Cecil Field Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.
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8
Halford, Keith J. Ground-water flow in the surficial aquifer system and potential movement of contaminants from selected waste-disposal sites at Cecil Field Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.
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9
Halford, Keith J. Ground-water flow in the surficial aquifer system and potential movement of contaminants from selected waste-disposal sites at Cecil Field Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.
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10
Halford, Keith J. Ground-water flow in the surficial aquifer system and potential movement of contaminants from selected waste-disposal sites at Cecil Field Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.
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11
Halford, Keith J. Ground-water flow in the surficial aquifer system and potential movement of contaminants from selected waste-disposal sites at Cecil Field Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.
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12
Halford, Keith J. Ground-water flow in the surficial aquifer system and potential movement of contaminants from selected waste-disposal sites at Cecil Field Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.
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13
Halford, Keith J. Ground-water flow in the surficial aquifer system and potential movement of contaminants from selected waste-disposal sites at Cecil Field Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.
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14
Halford, Keith J. Ground-water flow in the surficial aquifer system and potential movement of contaminants from selected waste-disposal sites at Cecil Field Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.
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15
Evseev, Vadim. Methods of research work in the youth environment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1227510.
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The textbook examines the components of the research culture of the youth environment, the information environment of research and methods of system analysis of the youth environment. Research methods and calculations of economic efficiency from the introduction of new social technologies, types of researchers and their professional parameters are given. Special attention is paid to the technology of extracting knowledge from the object of research, as well as types of knowledge, problems and thinking. Examples of specific application of research methods are given. The disadvantages that hinder the development of research potential are considered. Aspects of the presentation of the research results are considered.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as graduate students, teachers, and professional researchers. It can be useful for those who are engaged in research in the socio-political and social spheres, the field of personnel management, in particular, the study of the youth environment.
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Kuz'mina, Tat'yana. Self-awareness and personal adaptive potential in normal and impaired development. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1086621.
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The monograph presents the generalized results of the author's scientific activity related to the diagnosis and phenomenological description of the state of self-consciousness and the Self-concept of persons with developmental disorders, in particular with mild mental retardation. The variants of self-awareness diagnostics and a comprehensive assessment of the personal adaptive potential of subjects of different ages with intellectual disabilities are presented and methodologically justified. The presented methods allow us to form an individual adaptive profile based on a quantitative assessment of qualitative indicators of adaptability/maladaptivity. The content aspects of the formation of the antisocial potential of a person with mild mental retardation, in particular, the problems of suggestibility, indoctrination and the participation of persons with intellectual disabilities in criminal communities, are separately identified.
It will be useful for students, postgraduates, researchers and practitioners in the field of pedagogy, psychology, law.
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Orel, Evgeniy. Dynamic optimization: search for the absolute extreme. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2055773.
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The search for a global (absolute) extreme is required in most applications related to economics, finance, artificial intelligence and robotics. The monograph considers both methods using necessary and sufficient extremum conditions and direct optimization methods. The material is provided with numerous examples and drawings.
For mathematicians, specialists in the field of business and technology, students studying models and methods of dynamic optimization, as well as anyone interested in the problem of finding a global (absolute) extremum in optimal control problems and related branches of mathematics.
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Varlamov, Oleg. Fundamentals of creating MIVAR expert systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1513119.
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Methodological and applied issues of the basics of creating knowledge bases and expert systems of logical artificial intelligence are considered. The software package "MIV Expert Systems Designer" (KESMI) Wi!Mi RAZUMATOR" (version 2.1), which is a convenient tool for the development of intelligent information systems. Examples of creating mivar expert systems and several laboratory works are given. The reader, having studied this tutorial, will be able to independently create expert systems based on KESMI.
The textbook in the field of training "Computer Science and Computer Engineering" is intended for students, bachelors, undergraduates, postgraduates studying artificial intelligence methods used in information processing and management systems, as well as for users and specialists who create mivar knowledge models, expert systems, automated control systems and decision support systems.
Keywords: cybernetics, artificial intelligence, mivar, mivar networks, databases, data models, expert system, intelligent systems, multidimensional open epistemological active network, MOGAN, MIPRA, KESMI, Wi!Mi, Razumator, knowledge bases, knowledge graphs, knowledge networks, Big knowledge, products, logical inference, decision support systems, decision-making systems, autonomous robots, recommendation systems, universal knowledge tools, expert system designers, logical artificial intelligence.
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Graglia, Roberto D., Giuseppe Pelosi, and Stefano Selleri, eds. International Workshop on Finite Elements for Microwave Engineering. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-968-9.
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When Courant prepared the text of his 1942 address to the American Mathematical Society for publication, he added a two-page Appendix to illustrate how the variational methods first described by Lord Rayleigh could be put to wider use in potential theory. Choosing piecewise-linear approximants on a set of triangles which he called elements, he dashed off a couple of two-dimensional examples and the finite element method was born. … Finite element activity in electrical engineering began in earnest about 1968-1969. A paper on waveguide analysis was published in Alta Frequenza in early 1969, giving the details of a finite element formulation of the classical hollow waveguide problem. It was followed by a rapid succession of papers on magnetic fields in saturable materials, dielectric loaded waveguides, and other well-known boundary value problems of electromagnetics. … In the decade of the eighties, finite element methods spread quickly. In several technical areas, they assumed a dominant role in field problems. P.P. Silvester, San Miniato (PI), Italy, 1992 Early in the nineties the International Workshop on Finite Elements for Microwave Engineering started. This volume contains the history of the Workshop and the Proceedings of the 13th edition, Florence (Italy), 2016 . The 14th Workshop will be in Cartagena (Colombia), 2018.
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Varlamov, Oleg. Mivar databases and rules. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1508665.
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The multidimensional open epistemological active network MOGAN is the basis for the transition to a qualitatively new level of creating logical artificial intelligence. Mivar databases and rules became the foundation for the creation of MOGAN. The results of the analysis and generalization of data representation structures of various data models are presented: from relational to "Entity — Relationship" (ER-model). On the basis of this generalization, a new model of data and rules is created: the mivar information space "Thing-Property-Relation". The logic-computational processing of data in this new model of data and rules is shown, which has linear computational complexity relative to the number of rules. MOGAN is a development of Rule - Based Systems and allows you to quickly and easily design algorithms and work with logical reasoning in the "If..., Then..." format. An example of creating a mivar expert system for solving problems in the model area "Geometry"is given. Mivar databases and rules can be used to model cause-and-effect relationships in different subject areas and to create knowledge bases of new-generation applied artificial intelligence systems and real-time mivar expert systems with the transition to"Big Knowledge".
The textbook in the field of training "Computer Science and Computer Engineering" is intended for students, bachelors, undergraduates, postgraduates studying artificial intelligence methods used in information processing and management systems, as well as for users and specialists who create mivar knowledge models, expert systems, automated control systems and decision support systems.
Keywords: cybernetics, artificial intelligence, mivar, mivar networks, databases, data models, expert system, intelligent systems, multidimensional open epistemological active network, MOGAN, MIPRA, KESMI, Wi!Mi, Razumator, knowledge bases, knowledge graphs, knowledge networks, Big knowledge, products, logical inference, decision support systems, decision-making systems, autonomous robots, recommendation systems, universal knowledge tools, expert system designers, logical artificial intelligence.
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Cvetkov, Viktor. Basics of complexity theory. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2110856.
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The monograph reveals the basics of complexity theory and methods for assessing complexity. The concept of complexity consideration is based on the analysis of complexity as a common attribute in processes and systems. The monograph describes the main methods for assessing different types of complexity. The concept of considering complexity in this monograph is also based on the fact that complexity is a comparative characteristic. It is given on a relative scale of difficulty. Therefore, complexity must be defined on a relative scale of “simplicity-complexity.” This concept motivates the consideration and analysis of the concept of “simplicity” as a complement to the concept of “complexity”. These concepts set the scale of complexity. The monograph provides a comparative analysis of the related concepts of simplicity and complexity. Three methods for assessing complexity are described: expert assessment of complexity, assessment of complexity using mathematical metrics, comparative assessment of complexity based on the theory of comparative analysis. The monograph contains a taxonomy of the main types of complexity. The content of the main types of complexity is revealed in detail: descriptive complexity, system complexity, modeling complexity, computational complexity. algorithmic complexity, deterministic complexity. Specific cognitive difficulties are described in detail. For cognitive complexity, special assessment methods are used. An interpretation of the concept of cognitive filter is given. Complexity is associated with the concept of complex systems. In most monographs on complex systems, the complexity aspect has not been considered or is viewed in a simplified manner. This monograph examines complexity as a characteristic of complex systems and the basis for their classification. Emergence is described as a characteristic of the complexity of systems and complex processes. The monograph contains a taxonomy of complex systems with characteristics of the complexity of different systems. Complex data systems have been explored. An analysis of organizational complex systems is given. Various types of complex ergatic systems have been described. An analysis of complex technical systems is given. Self-developing complex systems are described. autopoiesis of a complex organizational and technical system has been studied as a principle of systems development. Cyber-physical systems are described as an example of the development of complex systems. The monograph is intended for specialists in the field of computer science, systems analysis, artificial intelligence and philosophy of information.
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Polyakova, Anna, Tat'yana Sergeeva, and Irina Kitaeva. The continuous formation of the stochastic culture of schoolchildren in the context of the digital transformation of general education. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1876368.
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The material presented in the monograph shows the possibilities of continuous teaching of mathematics at school, namely, the significant potential of modern information and communication technologies, with the help of which it is possible to form elements of stochastic culture among students. Continuity in learning is considered from two positions: procedural and educational-cognitive. In addition, a distinctive feature of the book is the presentation of the digital transformation of general education as a way to overcome the "new digital divide". Methodological features of promising digital technologies (within the framework of teaching students the elements of the probabilistic and statistical line) that contribute to overcoming the "new digital divide": artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, additive manufacturing, machine learning, blockchain, virtual and augmented reality are described.
The solution of the main questions of probability theory and statistics in the 9th grade mathematics course is proposed to be carried out using a distance learning course built in the Moodle distance learning system. The content, structure and methodological features of the implementation of the stochastics course for students of grades 10-11 of a secondary school are based on the use of such tools in the educational process as an online calculator for plotting functions, the Wolfram Alpha service, Google Docs and Google Tables services, the Yaklass remote training, the Banktest website.<url>", interactive module "Galton Board", educational website "Mathematics at school".
It will be interesting for students, undergraduates, postgraduates, mathematics teachers, as well as specialists improving their qualifications in the field of pedagogical education.
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Sangeetha, V., and S. Kevin Andrews. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks. Magestic Technology Solutions (P) Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47716/mts/978-93-92090-24-0.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a defining force in the current era, shaping the contours of technology and deeply permeating our everyday lives. From autonomous vehicles to predictive analytics and personalized recommendations, AI continues to revolutionize various facets of human existence, progressively becoming the invisible hand guiding our decisions. Simultaneously, its growing influence necessitates the need for a nuanced understanding of AI, thereby providing the impetus for this book, “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks.” This book aims to equip its readers with a comprehensive understanding of AI and its subsets, machine learning and deep learning, with a particular emphasis on neural networks. It is designed for novices venturing into the field, as well as experienced learners who desire to solidify their knowledge base or delve deeper into advanced topics. In Chapter 1, we provide a thorough introduction to the world of AI, exploring its definition, historical trajectory, and categories. We delve into the applications of AI, and underscore the ethical implications associated with its proliferation. Chapter 2 introduces machine learning, elucidating its types and basic algorithms. We examine the practical applications of machine learning and delve into challenges such as overfitting, underfitting, and model validation. Deep learning and neural networks, an integral part of AI, form the crux of Chapter 3. We provide a lucid introduction to deep learning, describe the structure of neural networks, and explore forward and backward propagation. This chapter also delves into the specifics of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). In Chapter 4, we outline the steps to train neural networks, including data preprocessing, cost functions, gradient descent, and various optimizers. We also delve into regularization techniques and methods for evaluating a neural network model. Chapter 5 focuses on specialized topics in neural networks such as autoencoders, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs), and Neural Architecture Search (NAS). In Chapter 6, we illustrate the practical applications of neural networks, examining their role in computer vision, natural language processing, predictive analytics, autonomous vehicles, and the healthcare industry. Chapter 7 gazes into the future of AI and neural networks. It discusses the current challenges in these fields, emerging trends, and future ethical considerations. It also examines the potential impacts of AI and neural networks on society. Finally, Chapter 8 concludes the book with a recap of key learnings, implications for readers, and resources for further study. This book aims not only to provide a robust theoretical foundation but also to kindle a sense of curiosity and excitement about the endless possibilities AI and neural networks offer. The journ
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Bi, Xiaojun, Andrew Howes, Per Ola Kristensson, Antti Oulasvirta, and John Williamson. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799603.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the field of computational interaction, and explains its long tradition of research on human interaction with technology that applies to human factors engineering, cognitive modelling, artificial intelligence and machine learning, design optimization, formal methods, and control theory. It discusses how the book as a whole is part of an argument that, embedded in an iterative design process, computational interaction design has the potential to complement human strengths and provide a means to generate inspiring and elegant designs without refuting the part played by the complicated, and uncertain behaviour of humans. The chapters in this book manifest intellectual progress in the study of computational principles of interaction, demonstrated in diverse and challenging applications areas such as input methods, interaction techniques, graphical user interfaces, information retrieval, information visualization, and graphic design.
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Vol. 1: Applications in Stress Analysis, Potential and Diffusion. Vol. 2: Applications in Fluid Mechanics and Field Problems. Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K, 1990.
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Rees, Martin J. Global Catastrophic Risks. Edited by Nick Bostrom and Milan M. Cirkovic. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570509.001.0001.
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A global catastrophic risk is one with the potential to wreak death and destruction on a global scale. In human history, wars and plagues have done so on more than one occasion, and misguided ideologies and totalitarian regimes have darkened an entire era or a region. Advances in technology are adding dangers of a new kind. It could happen again. In Global Catastrophic Risks 25 leading experts look at the gravest risks facing humanity in the 21st century, including asteroid impacts, gamma-ray bursts, Earth-based natural catastrophes, nuclear war, terrorism, global warming, biological weapons, totalitarianism, advanced nanotechnology, general artificial intelligence, and social collapse. The book also addresses over-arching issues - policy responses and methods for predicting and managing catastrophes. This is invaluable reading for anyone interested in the big issues of our time; for students focusing on science, society, technology, and public policy; and for academics, policy-makers, and professionals working in these acutely important fields.
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Rayment, George E., and David J. Lyons. Soil Chemical Methods - Australasia. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643101364.
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Soil Chemical Methods – Australasia describes over 200 laboratory and field chemical tests relevant to Australasia and beyond. The information and methodology provided across 20 chapters is comprehensive, systematic, uniquely coded, up-to-date and designed to promote chemical measurement quality. There is guidance on the choice and application of analytical methods from soil sampling through to the reporting of results. In many cases, optional analytical ‘finishes’ are provided, such as flow-injection analysis, electro-chemistry, multiple flame technologies, and alternatives to chemical testing offered by near-range and mid-range infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
The book supersedes and updates the soil chemical testing section of the 1992 Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods of Rayment and Higginson, while retaining method codes and other strengths of that Handbook. Chapters cover soil sampling, sample preparation and moisture content; electrical conductivity and redox potential; soil pH; chloride; carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; sulphur; gypsum; micronutrients; extractable iron, aluminium and silicon; saturation extracts; ion-exchange properties; lime requirements; total miscellaneous elements; miscellaneous extractable elements; alkaline earth carbonates and acid sulfate soils. In addition, there are informative Appendices, including information on the accuracy and precision of selected methods.
This book targets practising analysts, laboratory managers, students, academics, researchers, consultants and advisors involved in the analysis, use and management of soils for fertility assessments, land use surveys, environmental studies and for natural resource management.
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Miksza, Peter, and Kenneth Elpus. Advances in Quasi-experimental Methods. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391905.003.0015.
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Although the primacy of the randomized experiment is often thought of as sacrosanct, in education research—and in music education research in particular—random assignment is often unachievable, unethical, or undesirable for one or more of many potential reasons. Methodologists have developed quasi-experimental research methods that attempt to achieve results that approximate the highly trustworthy results obtained from a randomized experiment. This chapter details two newer methods for quasi-experimental research that have become quite common in the broader field of education but have not yet become frequently employed within the field of music education research. These two methods are regression discontinuity designs and the use of propensity scores for the equating of nonequivalent groups.
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Bédécarrats, Florent, Isabelle Guérin, and François Roubaud, eds. Randomized Control Trials in the Field of Development. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865360.001.0001.
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In October 2019, Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer jointly won the 51st Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty." But what is the exact scope of their experimental method, known as randomized control trials (RCTs)? Which sorts of questions are RCTs able to address and which do they fail to answer? This book provides answers to these questions, explaining how RCTs work, what they can achieve, why they sometimes fail, how they can be improved and why other methods are both useful and necessary. Chapters contributed by leading specialists in the field present a full and coherent picture of the main strengths and weaknesses of RCTs in the field of development. Looking beyond the epistemological, political, and ethical differences underlying many of the disagreements surrounding RCTs, it explores the implementation of RCTs on the ground, outside of their ideal theoretical conditions and reveals some unsuspected uses and effects, their disruptive potential, but also their political uses. The contributions uncover the implicit worldview that many RCTs draw on and disseminate, and probe the gap between the method's narrow scope and its success, while also proposing improvements and alternatives. This book warns against the potential dangers of their excessive use, arguing that the best use for RCTs is not necessarily that which immediately springs to mind, and offering opportunity to come to an informed and reasoned judgement on RCTs and what they can bring to development.
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Solymosi, Reka, and Kate J. Bowers. The Role of Innovative Data Collection Methods in Advancing Criminological Understanding. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.35.
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Environmental criminology emphasizes the importance of situational factors associated with increased risk in terms of crime opportunities. One branch of research in this field is oriented toward strengthening the scientific approach to understanding the link between exposure to risk and crime. To achieve this, we need data about how potential victims and potential offenders spend their time, and what places they visit as part of their daily activities. This chapter lays out the potential of novel data sets and then considers in detail two of these new approaches. The first approach involves utilizing advances in technology and sensing to develop bespoke surveys created with specific research studies in mind. The second makes use of existing “big data” or “open-access data” sources on people’s everyday interactions with the environment, and combines multiple data sources to make inferences about routine activities and their link to perception of crime and place.
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Adam, Sheila, Sue Osborne, and John Welch. Respiratory problems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696260.003.0004.
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A requirement for respiratory support is the most frequent cause of critical care admission. Effective care requires an appreciation of the relevant anatomy and physiology, skills of physical assessment and use of monitoring, knowledge of a range of airway and breathing problems and the different challenges they present, and an understanding of the most appropriate means of airway management and respiratory support. This chapter details essential respiratory physiology and the advantages, disadvantages, and potential complications of different methods of monitoring and respiratory support, including holistic care of patients with artificial airways and various modes of mechanical ventilation, the use of nitric oxide, prone positioning and extra-corporeal devices, and management of the weaning patient.
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Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant, and Edward H. Snell. Developments on the Horizon. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.003.0013.
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The field of application for solution scattering is broader than we can cover in detail and with new instrumentation, that field is only growing. XFEL sources offer the potential for time resolved studies exquisitely sensitive to rapid structural biological processes while at the same time potentially extending the information beyond that provided by current solution scattering methods. Cryogenic approaches offer the potential to increase signal and/or improve sample demands opening up the technique to a wider array of studies. Finally, use of the atomic scattering properties reveals biological information in the case of nucleic acids and has the potential to provide molecular rulers able to resolve dynamic structural changes as they occur. This chapter provides a glimpse of what is possible and a starting point for further exploration.
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Fox, Raymond. The Use of Self. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190616144.001.0001.
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This monograph presents recent advances in neural network (NN) approaches and applications to chemical reaction dynamics. Topics covered include: (i) the development of ab initio potential-energy surfaces (PES) for complex multichannel systems using modified novelty sampling and feedforward NNs; (ii) methods for sampling the configuration space of critical importance, such as trajectory and novelty sampling methods and gradient fitting methods; (iii) parametrization of interatomic potential functions using a genetic algorithm accelerated with a NN; (iv) parametrization of analytic interatomic potential functions using NNs; (v) self-starting methods for obtaining analytic PES from ab inito electronic structure calculations using direct dynamics; (vi) development of a novel method, namely, combined function derivative approximation (CFDA) for simultaneous fitting of a PES and its corresponding force fields using feedforward neural networks; (vii) development of generalized PES using many-body expansions, NNs, and moiety energy approximations; (viii) NN methods for data analysis, reaction probabilities, and statistical error reduction in chemical reaction dynamics; (ix) accurate prediction of higher-level electronic structure energies (e.g. MP4 or higher) for large databases using NNs, lower-level (Hartree-Fock) energies, and small subsets of the higher-energy database; and finally (x) illustrative examples of NN applications to chemical reaction dynamics of increasing complexity starting from simple near equilibrium structures (vibrational state studies) to more complex non-adiabatic reactions. The monograph is prepared by an interdisciplinary group of researchers working as a team for nearly two decades at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK with expertise in gas phase reaction dynamics; neural networks; various aspects of MD and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of nanometric cutting, tribology, and material properties at nanoscale; scaling laws from atomistic to continuum; and neural networks applications to chemical reaction dynamics. It is anticipated that this emerging field of NN in chemical reaction dynamics will play an increasingly important role in MD, MC, and quantum mechanical studies in the years to come.
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Raff, Lionel, Ranga Komanduri, Martin Hagan, and Satish Bukkapatnam. Neural Networks in Chemical Reaction Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765652.001.0001.
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This monograph presents recent advances in neural network (NN) approaches and applications to chemical reaction dynamics. Topics covered include: (i) the development of ab initio potential-energy surfaces (PES) for complex multichannel systems using modified novelty sampling and feedforward NNs; (ii) methods for sampling the configuration space of critical importance, such as trajectory and novelty sampling methods and gradient fitting methods; (iii) parametrization of interatomic potential functions using a genetic algorithm accelerated with a NN; (iv) parametrization of analytic interatomic potential functions using NNs; (v) self-starting methods for obtaining analytic PES from ab inito electronic structure calculations using direct dynamics; (vi) development of a novel method, namely, combined function derivative approximation (CFDA) for simultaneous fitting of a PES and its corresponding force fields using feedforward neural networks; (vii) development of generalized PES using many-body expansions, NNs, and moiety energy approximations; (viii) NN methods for data analysis, reaction probabilities, and statistical error reduction in chemical reaction dynamics; (ix) accurate prediction of higher-level electronic structure energies (e.g. MP4 or higher) for large databases using NNs, lower-level (Hartree-Fock) energies, and small subsets of the higher-energy database; and finally (x) illustrative examples of NN applications to chemical reaction dynamics of increasing complexity starting from simple near equilibrium structures (vibrational state studies) to more complex non-adiabatic reactions. The monograph is prepared by an interdisciplinary group of researchers working as a team for nearly two decades at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK with expertise in gas phase reaction dynamics; neural networks; various aspects of MD and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of nanometric cutting, tribology, and material properties at nanoscale; scaling laws from atomistic to continuum; and neural networks applications to chemical reaction dynamics. It is anticipated that this emerging field of NN in chemical reaction dynamics will play an increasingly important role in MD, MC, and quantum mechanical studies in the years to come.
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Canevaro, Mirko, Andrew Erskine, Benjamin Gray, and Josiah Ober, eds. Ancient Greek History and Contemporary Social Science. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474421775.001.0001.
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Social scientists and political theorists have recently come to realize the potential importance of the classical Greek world and its legacy for testing social theories. Meanwhile, some Hellenists have mastered the techniques of contemporary social science. They have come to recognize the value of formal and quantitative methods as a complement to traditional qualitative approaches to Greek history and culture. Some of the most exciting new work in social science is now being done within interdisciplinary domains for which recent work on Greece provides apt case studies. This book features essays examining the role played by democratic political and legal institutions in economic development; the potential for inter-state cooperation and international institutions within a decentralized ecology of states; the relationship between state government and the social networks arising from voluntary associations; the interplay between political culture, informal politics, formal institutions and political change; and the relationship between empirical and formal methods of analysis and normative political theory. In sum, this book introduces readers to the emerging field of “social science ancient history.”
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Michel, Christoph M., and Bin He. EEG Mapping and Source Imaging. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0045.
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This chapter describes methods to analyze the scalp electric field recorded with multichannel electroencephalography (EEG). With advances in high-density EEG, systems now allow fast and easy recording from 64 to 256 channels simultaneously. Pattern-recognition algorithms can characterize the topography of scalp electric fields and detect changes in topography over time and between experimental or clinical conditions. Methods for estimating the sources underlying the recorded scalp potential maps have increased the spatial resolution of EEG. The use of anatomical information in EEG source reconstruction has increased the precision of EEG source localization. Algorithms of functional connectivity applied to the source space allow determination of communication between large-scale brain networks in certain frequencies and identification of the directionality of this information flow and detection of crucial drivers in these networks. These methods have boosted the use of EEG as a functional neuroimaging method in experimental and clinical applications.
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Nagel, Stefan. Machine Learning in Asset Pricing. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691218700.001.0001.
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Investors in financial markets are faced with an abundance of potentially value-relevant information from a wide variety of different sources. In such data-rich, high-dimensional environments, techniques from the rapidly advancing field of machine learning (ML) are well-suited for solving prediction problems. Accordingly, ML methods are quickly becoming part of the toolkit in asset pricing research and quantitative investing. This book examines the promises and challenges of ML applications in asset pricing. Asset pricing problems are substantially different from the settings for which ML tools were developed originally. To realize the potential of ML methods, they must be adapted for the specific conditions in asset pricing applications. Economic considerations, such as portfolio optimization, absence of near arbitrage, and investor learning can guide the selection and modification of ML tools. Beginning with a brief survey of basic supervised ML methods, the book discusses the application of these techniques in empirical research in asset pricing and shows how they promise to advance the theoretical modeling of financial markets. The book presents the exciting possibilities of using cutting-edge methods in research on financial asset valuation.
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Hari, MD, PhD, Riitta, and Aina Puce, PhD. MEG-EEG Primer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190497774.001.0001.
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This book provides newcomers and more experienced researchers with the very basics of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG)—two noninvasive methods that can inform about the neurodynamics of the human brain on a millisecond scale. These two closely related methods are addressed side by side, starting from their physical and physiological bases and then advancing to methods of data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. Special attention is paid to careful experimentation, guiding the readers to differentiate brain signals from various biological and non-biological artifacts and to ascertain that the collected data are reliable. The strengths and weaknesses of MEG and EEG are presented relative to each other and to other available brain-imaging methods. Necessary instrumentation and laboratory set-ups, as well as potential pitfalls in data collection and analysis are discussed. Spontaneous brain rhythms and evoked responses to sensory and multisensory stimulation are covered and examined both in healthy individuals and in various brain disorders, such as epilepsy. MEG/EEG signals related to motor, cognitive, and social events are discussed as well. The integration of MEG and EEG information with other methods to assess human brain function is discussed with respect to the current state-of-the art in the field. The book ends with a look to future developments in equipment design, and experimentation, emphasizing the role of accurate temporal information for human brain function.
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Dyall, Kenneth G., and Knut Faegri. Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140866.001.0001.
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This book provides an introduction to the essentials of relativistic effects in quantum chemistry, and a reference work that collects all the major developments in this field. It is designed for the graduate student and the computational chemist with a good background in nonrelativistic theory. In addition to explaining the necessary theory in detail, at a level that the non-expert and the student should readily be able to follow, the book discusses the implementation of the theory and practicalities of its use in calculations. After a brief introduction to classical relativity and electromagnetism, the Dirac equation is presented, and its symmetry, atomic solutions, and interpretation are explored. Four-component molecular methods are then developed: self-consistent field theory and the use of basis sets, double-group and time-reversal symmetry, correlation methods, molecular properties, and an overview of relativistic density functional theory. The emphases in this section are on the basics of relativistic theory and how relativistic theory differs from nonrelativistic theory. Approximate methods are treated next, starting with spin separation in the Dirac equation, and proceeding to the Foldy-Wouthuysen, Douglas-Kroll, and related transformations, Breit-Pauli and direct perturbation theory, regular approximations, matrix approximations, and pseudopotential and model potential methods. For each of these approximations, one-electron operators and many-electron methods are developed, spin-free and spin-orbit operators are presented, and the calculation of electric and magnetic properties is discussed. The treatment of spin-orbit effects with correlation rounds off the presentation of approximate methods. The book concludes with a discussion of the qualitative changes in the picture of structure and bonding that arise from the inclusion of relativity.
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Knepper, Paul, and Anja Johansen. Introduction. Edited by Paul Knepper and Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.43.
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ThisHandbookoffers a systematic and comprehensive guide to the historical study of crime and criminal justice. It brings together essays written by researchers who work on crime and criminal justice in the past, with an emphasis on how the interaction between history and social sciences has shaped the field. It describes the methods of historical research, noting the potential, limitations, and pitfalls of these methods. Topics range from the modeling of crime trends to problems in interpretation of crime statistics, the geography of crime, organized crime and the cultural concept of the urban underworld, prostitution, retail theft, crime museums, and the role of women in Soviet criminology. There are also sections on police, courts, and prisons as major components of criminal justice. In addition, the volume explores how approaches to crime have been influenced by cultural assumptions about crime and violence in relation to gender. This introduction discusses the purpose, structure, and conceptual issues related to how theHandbookwas assembled.
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Haiman, Christopher, and David J. Hunter. Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676827.003.0004.
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This chapter explores the genetic epidemiology of cancer: the identification and quantification of inherited genetic factors, and their potential interaction with the environment, in the etiology of cancer in human populations. It also describes the techniques used to identify genetic variants that contribute to cancer susceptibility. It describes the older research methods for identifying the chromosomal localization of high-risk predisposing genes, such as linkage analysis within pedigrees and allele-sharing methods, as it is important to understand the foundations of the field. It also reviews the epidemiologic study designs that can be helpful in identifying low-risk alleles in candidate gene and genome-wide association studies, as well as gene–environment interactions. Finally, it describes some of the genotyping and sequencing platforms commonly employed for high-throughput genome analysis, and the concept of Mendelian randomization and how it may be useful in the study of biomarkers and environmental causes of cancer.
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Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Schwinger Action Principle and Variational Calculus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 introduces the Schwinger Action Principle, along with associated particle and potential sources. While the methods described here originally arose in the relativistic quantum field theory of elementary particle physics, they have also profoundly advanced our understanding of non-relativistic many-particle physics. The Schwinger Action Principle is a quantum-mechanical variational principle that closely parallels the Hamilton Principle of Least Action of classical mechanics, generalizing it to include the role of quantum operators as generalized coordinates and momenta. As such, it unifies all aspects of quantum theory, incorporating Hamilton equations of motion for those operators and the Heisenberg equation, as well as producing the canonical equal-time commutation/anticommutation relations. It yields dynamical coupled field equations for the creation and annihilation operators of the interacting many-body system by variational differentiation of the Hamiltonian with respect to the field operators. Also, equations for the development of matrix elements (underlying Green’s functions) are derived using variations with respect to particle and potential “sources” (and coupling strength). Variational calculus, involving impressed potentials, c-number coordinates and fields, also quantum operator coordinates and fields, is discussed in full detail. Attention is given to the introduction of fermion and boson particle sources and their use in variational calculus.
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Pezo-Lanfranco, Luis Nicanor. Bioarqueologia e Antropologia Forense: Métodos de escavação, recuperação e curadoria de ossos humanos. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-376-3.
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This book presents a synthesis on the necessary methods and techniques for the correct excavation, recovery and conservation of human remains, as well as notions of sampling and analysis of bones, useful for an adequate study of funeral contexts in conventional (bio)archaeological research or forensic-anthropology. As this book was written primarily for archeology students and archeologists with little training in bone handling, the language is easy-to-follow. The book is divided into two sections that roughly correspond to the two phases in which the method of analysis of human bones can be divided. In the first section, we describe the Phase I or field work that includes recovery methods, from the prospection and identification of burial sites, excavation and recording, field-sampling techniques, to the packaging and transport of bones to the laboratory. In the second part of the book, Phase II or laboratory work, we describe the treatment that should be given to bones from their arrival to laboratory of analysis to the final storage. In this section, we show the methods of cleaning and preparation of bones for further analysis, some basic notions on restoration and conservation, and relevant information about sampling techniques and their scientific principles to obtain information from the examined individual. Along the text we emphasize the informative potential of each analysis from the bioarchaeological and anthropological-forensic viewpoint.
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Voigt, Jens Uwe, Peter Søgaard, and Emer Joyce. Heart failure: left ventricular dyssynchrony. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0026.
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Echocardiography plays a pivotal role in the management of patients with dilative cardiomyopathy and conduction disease, particularly in the setting of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Current CRT guidelines recommend the echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular size and function. Furthermore, echocardiography has the potential of analysing regional myocardial mechanics with high temporal resolution and without radiation burden or danger for the patient. Assessment of left ventricular dyssynchrony has therefore become the next challenge. Besides the visual approaches, newer methods of functional imaging such as tissue Doppler and speckle tracking allow the exact quantification of regional myocardial function. This chapter reviews the current status of left ventricular dyssynchrony assessment by echocardiography and introduces emerging techniques which can better link conduction abnormalities and mechanical events and, thus, potentially improve clinical decision-making in this field.
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Hagener, Malte, and Yvonne Zimmermann. How Film Histories Were Made. Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724067.
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This book is specifically dedicated to film history’s own history: It provides insights into the fabrication of film histories and the discourses on their materials and methods in the past in order to better understand and reconsider film history today. The interventions unpack unspoken assumptions and hidden agendas that determine film historiography until today, also with the aim to act as a critical reflection on the potential future orientation of the field. The edited volume proposes a transnational, entangled and culturally diverse approach towards an archaeology of film history, while paying specific attention to persons, objects, infrastructures, regions, institutional fields and events hitherto overlooked. It explores past and ongoing processes of doing, undoing and redoing film history. Thereby, in a self-reflective gesture, it also draws attention to our own work as film historians.
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Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Retarded Green’s Functions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 introduces single-particle retarded Green’s functions, which provide the probability amplitude that a particle created at (x, t) is later annihilated at (x′,t′). Partial Green’s functions, which represent the time development of one (or a few) state(s) that may be understood as localized but are in interaction with a continuum of states, are discussed and applied to chemisorption. Introductions are also made to the Dyson integral equation, T-matrix and the Dirac delta-function potential, with the latter applied to random impurity scattering. The retarded Green’s function in the presence of random impurity scattering is exhibited in the Born and self-consistent Born approximations, with application to Ando’s semi-elliptic density of states for the 2D Landau-quantized electron-impurity system. Important retarded Green’s functions and their methods of derivation are discussed. These include Green’s functions for electrons in magnetic fields in both three dimensions and two dimensions, also a Hamilton equation-of-motion method for the determination of Green’s functions with application to a 2D saddle potential in a time-dependent electric field. Moreover, separable Hamiltonians and their product Green’s functions are discussed with application to a one-dimensional superlattice in axial electric and magnetic fields. Green’s function matching/joining techniques are introduced and applied to spatially varying mass (heterostructures) and non-local electrostatics (surface plasmons).
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Devlin, Joseph T., and Kate E. Watkins. Investigating language organization with TMS. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0031.
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is becoming an increasingly important tool for investigating the neurological basis of language. This article reviews the history of language studies that span a range of TMS methodologies. TMS offers a powerful tool for investigating the effects of brain damage. It answers questions of recovery mechanisms and methods to improve outcomes. In language studies, the most commonly used form of TMS is to generate ‘virtual patients’ by temporarily disrupting cortical processing. This article explains how TMS studies not only confirm but also clarify the specific regional contributions to semantic and phonological processing. There has been little work with regard to the role of TMS in the area of neurobiology of reading and reading disorders. The number of existing TMS techniques have not been applied to language, despite their obvious potential but this field is bound to grow in the field of language research.
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Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid, and Bernard Prendergast, eds. Emergency medicine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0006.
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Emergency medicine is a dynamic discipline encompassing critical and acute care for the complete spectrum of health problems. The specialty continues to adapt, in response to external pressures arising from increasing demand, demographic changes, service reconfigurations, and political contrivances. These developments, combined with the prodigious volume of patients attending emergency departments, offer a rich potential for research. Although the field of emergency medicine initially developed slowly outside of America, studies are now regularly conducted and result in a powerful impact on patient care. Emergencies occur at all ages, in diverse body systems, and with undifferentiated presentations. The challenge of reaching accurate early diagnoses and instigating rapid effective treatments in these divergent conditions mandates a broad research approach comprising diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic studies. This chapter collates research papers reflecting these diverse methods and representing groundbreaking studies which have shaped modern emergency medicine practice.
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Earl, Richard, and James Nicholson. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Mathematics. 6th ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780198845355.001.0001.
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Over 4,000 entries This informative A to Z provides clear, jargon-free definitions of a wide variety of mathematical terms. Its articles cover both pure and applied mathematics and statistics, and include key theories, concepts, methods, programmes, people, and terminology. For this sixth edition, around 800 new terms have been defined, expanding on the dictionary’s coverage of algebra, differential geometry, algebraic geometry, representation theory, and statistics. Among this new material are articles such as cardinal arithmetic, first fundamental form, Lagrange’s theorem, Navier-Stokes equations, potential, and splitting field. The existing entries have also been revised and updated to account for developments in the field. Numerous supplementary features complement the text, including detailed appendices on basic algebra, areas and volumes, trigonometric formulae, and Roman numerals. Newly added to these sections is a historical timeline of significant mathematicians’ lives and the emergence of key theorems. There are also illustrations, graphs, and charts throughout the text, as well as useful web links to provide access to further reading.
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Sawada, Yasuyuki. Disasters, Insurance, and Preferences. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0013.
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Recently both developed and developing countries have experienced numerous serious disasters that can be subdivided into four major groups: natural, technological, economic crises, and violence-related disasters. These negatively affect not only the livelihoods of the survivors but also their preferences for risks and time delays. In preparation for or in the aftermath of a disaster, various indispensable market and nonmarket mechanisms are available for the people to maintain their livelihood. The complementarity among the market, government, and community is instrumental for a successful disaster management and reconstruction system. This chapter, in order to bridge gaps in the existing studies in socioecological psychology at least partially, reviews the existing evidence on the nexus between disasters and preferences. It illustrates several market and nonmarket insurance mechanisms available for people to reduce the potential damages caused by disasters, discusses the field experimental methods, and show how disasters affect individual and social preferences.