Relevant bibliographies by topics / Artificial turf

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Artificial turf'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Artificial turf.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Artificial turf"

1

Pine, Devera. "Artificial vs Natural Turf." Physician and Sportsmedicine 19, no. 8 (August 1991): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1991.11702235.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Nunome, Hiroyuki, Koichiro Inoue, Kevin Ball, Shinya Sano, and Yasuo Ikegami. "High Load Stress-Strain Property of Natural Turf for Professional Use, Various Types of Natural, Hybrid and Artificial Turfs in Football." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049142.

Full text
Abstract:
High load quasi stress-strain (qSS) properties of professionally maintained natural turf (N-pro) was compared with eight natural, hybrid or artificial turfs: one professionally maintained natural turf in a sub field and one grown in a test field without maintenance, two hybrid turfs (one in the sub field and one grown in the test field without maintenance), three new artificial turfs (sand, rubber and sand/rubber infill) and one aged artificial turf (eight years old with sand/rubber infill). N-pro was characterized with a distinctive magnitude of plastic deformation and hysteresis profile, indicating its more energy absorbable properties compared to the artificial turfs. Apparent differences exist between N-pro and other natural turfs, suggesting factors such as daily maintenance work and sod compositions are very influential. Clear differences were also observed when the hybrid turf was professionally maintained. The aged artificial turf becomes substantially stiffer indicating usage over years affects the stiffness.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Nunome, Hiroyuki, Koichiro Inoue, Kevin Ball, Shinya Sano, and Yasuo Ikegami. "Comparison of high-impact load-absorbing property of natural turf for professional use with various types of natural and artificial turfs in football." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 4 (July 23, 2019): 526–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337119864235.

Full text
Abstract:
The present study aimed to illustrate load stress-strain properties of various types of natural and artificial turfs. A modified high-loading test rig was used to measure shock absorbency and concurrent deformation of these surfaces in situ to calculate quasi stress-strain curves. A natural turf professionally maintained for top professional league soccer matches (N-stadium) was used as the reference surface. Other surfaces included two natural turfs without professional maintenance (one with and one without polyethylene pile reinforcement), four new artificial turfs (sand infill only, rubber infill only, both sand and rubber, and thermoplastic elastomer infill), and one aged artificial turf (8 years old with sand/rubber infill). All artificial turfs failed to mimic two properties of N-stadium, plastic deformation, and hysteresis profile, suggesting N-stadium has more energy absorbable properties than those of artificial turfs. The aged artificial turf with conventional infill was substantially stiffer than the new artificial turf with the same infill, indicating age affects the stiffness of these surfaces. Also, distinctive differences were detected between N-stadium and other natural turfs, suggesting factors such as daily maintenance work are very influential on their quasi stress-strain properties. Interestingly, no difference in the quasi stress-strain curve existed between the natural turf with and without polyethylene pile reinforcement. While artificial surfaces are improving, there is still a difference in properties between these surfaces and natural turf pitches.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Naunheim, Rosanne, Heather Parrott, and John Standeven. "A Comparison of Artificial Turf." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 57, no. 6 (December 2004): 1311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000136154.36483.98.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Luzer, Daniel. "Artificial Turf and Cancer Risk." Journal of the National Cancer Institute 108, no. 12 (December 2016): djw311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djw311.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Fleming, Paul, Charlie Watts, Jon Gunn, and Steph Forrester. "Hardness Safety Testing of Artificial Turf." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049130.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper compares four sport surface hardness impact test devices, for use on artificial turf (AT) surfaces to control safety. Sports governing bodies require sport surfaces to be assessed with the “Advanced Artificial Athlete” (AAA) mechanical test. The AAA data presented here demonstrate that this high energy test causes compaction of the particulate rubber infill during testing, such that the derived “field test value” is less relevant to the initial state of the surface and arguably also to player comfort. This paper reports on alternative impact test methods and their correlation to the AAA, including a novel comparison to the more portable Fieldtester. The potential use of a lightweight 0.5 kg Clegg Hammer for assessing the change in state of the infill and monitoring the effectiveness of field maintenance is also reported. These results expand our understanding of factors influencing surface hardness and safety, with useful implications for practitioners.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kanaan, Ahmed, Elena Sevostianova, Bernd Leinauer, and Igor Sevostianov. "Water Requirements for Cooling Artificial Turf." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 146, no. 10 (October 2020): 05020004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001506.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Sandkuehler, Peter, Enrique Torres, and Thomas Allgeuer. "Performance artificial turf components — fibrillated tape." Procedia Engineering 2, no. 2 (June 2010): 3367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.159.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Webb, Carolyn, Steph Forrester, and Paul Fleming. "Rotational Traction Behaviour of Artificial Turf." Procedia Engineering 72 (2014): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.144.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Fleming, Paul, and Steph Forrester. "Artificial Turf Research at Loughborough University." Procedia Engineering 72 (2014): 925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.147.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Artificial turf"

1

Säberg, Mikael. "Sustainability of Artificial Turf Fields : Comparative life cycle assessment of artificial and natural turf fields." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177901.

Full text
Abstract:
Soccer accounts for a third of the Swedish sports movement with 3 503 fields of both natural and artificial turf. The European Union will make a decision in 2021 on how to handle the issue of rubber performance infill. This infill can be found in artificial turf fields and are used for performance properties. The problem with this infill is the microplastics that spreads into the nature which is considered as toxic. Because of this the EU have decided to either ban or provide mandatory rules to reduce the spread of rubber performance infill. The north and the majority of Sweden’s climate is not adapted for play of soccer on natural turf according to FIFA, and EU want to ban or provide mandatory rules for artificial turfs. This action from the EU can perturb the entire Swedish sports movement since soccer accounts for a third of that movement. This study was therefore created to show if artificial turf fields are as bad for the environment as rumours has said compared with the natural turfs. To investigate this, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed regarding the global warming potential (GWP) and embodied water consumption for three different field types: an artificial turf field with recycled SBR, an artificial turf field with cork and a natural turf field. The result visualised that a natural turf field had the highest embodied water consumption and the highest impact on the GWP of a ten-year life cycle while the artificial turf field with recycled SBR had the least embodied water consumption and the least impact on the GWP. The findings of this LCA were that Sweden for the moment is dependent on artificial turf and the rubber performance infill, since the material properties are the best adapted to their climate. Therefore, a ban would be a risk for the Swedish sports movement. It was also revealed that natural turf fields in Sweden consumes at least 50 % municipal drinking water when irrigate. The high GWP impact came from the production of fertilisers (NPK). This report has shown how artificial turf and natural turf can work together in an industrial symbiosis by making the artificial turf field constructed to collect rainwater and use that water to irrigate the natural turf with.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Webb, Carolyn H. "Mechanical traction behaviour of artificial turf." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25672.

Full text
Abstract:
Artificial surfaces are increasingly more common in a number of sports including football, rugby and hockey. Each specific sport has mechanical properties designed to suit the requirements of the sport which can be achieved through appropriate selection of surface specification, as well as the appropriate selection of footwear. In player-surface interactions, traction is a key system property that needs to be measured for comfort, performance and any potential injury risk. Many of the current industry tests used to measure traction are simplistic and have limitations when used in tests. The aim of the thesis was to make a contribution to knowledge with regard to the mobilisation of traction and apply this to the understanding of shoe-surface interactions. This was achieved by completing a number of objectives. These included reviewing current knowledge of player-surface interaction behaviour in relation to traction and obtaining relevant human boundary conditions for biofidelic mechanical test development. The mechanisms of traction were then investigated and the variables in the mobilisation of traction identified. The traction forces developed were quantified with appropriate measurement systems. Mechanical test equipment was then developed along with protocols to replicate the translational and rotational lower limb behaviour during sport specific behaviour. This included the standard FIFA rotational device being modified to include two sensors which record continuous data throughout a trial to allow for more than a peak torque value to be analysed. In addition, a piece of equipment to measure translational traction was developed and constructed to support the rotational traction device and help to understand the mobilisation of traction. The device pulled a tray containing a surface sample, with a shoe/plate placed on the sample. The horizontal force was measured, as well as the amount of stud penetration into the surface. It was also necessary to characterise the state of the surface and the effects that any changes may have on the traction that is mobilised. Testing completed involved repeated testing on both the rotational and translational to allow for comparison. Changes in the surface properties were made such as the number of fibres in a set area and the rubber infill density as well as shoe properties such as stud spacing, stud type and number of studs. In the results, the initial stiffness response of the surface was often focussed on as it was stated that this may be a better indicator of the mechanisms involved in the traction mobilised by subjects, compared to peak torque. This is due to actual foot rotation measured in subject testing being observed to be much smaller than the rotation/distance required to produce the peak force. The larger angles/displacements were also considered to help inform the mechanisms of traction. The final objective was to refine the mechanisms based on the experimental design. This all adds to the contribution of knowledge regarding the mobilisation of traction. A key outcome from the thesis is the effect the surface and shoe properties have on traction, therefore it is essential to state the specification when reporting results otherwise comparisons are not able to be made. The mechanism of traction has not previously been fully understood, with this thesis beginning to understand the details of how the change in surface or shoe properties affect how the surface reacts during shoe-surface interactions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Blackburn, Steven. "The biomechanical interaction between sports players and artificial turf for the development of a validated artificial turf testing rig." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22993.

Full text
Abstract:
Artificial turf is increasingly becoming prevalent in field sports traditionally played on natural grass surfaces. However, current artificial turf test methods are not biomechanically representative. This study investigated the interaction between players and sports surfaces in order to develop a new biomechanically valid testing rig for the mechanical characterisation of artificial turf. A biomechanical analysis of thirteen sports players performing five running and turning movements on three types of artificial turf was conducted. Three-dimensional ground loadings (ground reaction forces (GRFs), free moment) and knee biomechanics (angles, moments) were measured. A subset of eight subjects who completed trials on all three tyes of surfaces were included in statistical analyses. There were no significant differences in ground loadings or knee biomechanics between the turfs. However, ground loadings and knee biomechanics varied significantly between movements, according to movemen t velocity and the degree of turn. Larger vertical GRFs, peak knee flexion, and sagittal knee moments were measured in faster movements. Larger horizontal GRFs, free moment, traction coefficient, peak fontal knee angle, frontal and transverse knee moment were measured in turning movements. Using two weighted pendulums, the Strathclyde Sports Turf Testing Rig (SSTTR) can apply simultaneous vertical, horizontal and rotational loads. Initial testing of the rig was conducted in situ on nine outdoor artificial turfs. Linear and rotational traction, and vertical, shear and torque loading was measured on each surface and compared with the biomechanical results. The SSTTR produced loads typical of a range of sports movement that are performed on artificial turf, indicating that the biomechanical validity of the SSTTR was broadly demonstrated in that it applies realistic biomechanical loads in a timely fashion. In summary, this study has generated new knowledge and further understanding regarding the three-dimensional biomechanical interaction of players and artificial turf. The biomechanically validated SSTTR is unique in terms of its ability to combine three load actions of different magnitudes which are truly representative of the loading that occur in a number of typical sporting movements.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lundström, Johanna. "Spreading of microplastics from artificial turf via stormwater." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277122.

Full text
Abstract:
På senare tid har mikroplaster i hav och sjöar uppmärksammats som ett potentiellt stortmiljöproblem. Idag finns mikroplaster spridda över hela världens vatten från polerna till ekvatorn.År 2016 uppmärksammades konstgräsplaner som den nästa största källan till spridning avmikroplaster till sjöar och vattendrag i Sverige [1]. Fotboll är Sveriges nationalsport och är densporten som står för flest aktivitetstimmar i Sverige. Konstgräs har gjort det möjligt för fler barnoch ungdomar att få fler speltimmar och idag spelar 90 % av alla fotbollsspelare på konstgräs [2].De olika spridningsvägarna för mikroplaster från konstgräsplaner undersöktes med fokus påspridningsvägen via dagvatten. Det finns fler olika reningsmetoder för dagvatten innehållandemikroplaster, en av dessa är granulatfällan, en filterpåse som placeras i en dagvattenbrunn för attfånga upp granulat och konstgräsfibrer som sprids från konstgräsplanen till dagvattenbrunnen.Syftet med denna studie var att optimera reningsmetoden granulatfälla utifrån möjligavattenflöden och dess effektivitet i att fånga upp mikroplaster. Detta undersöktes genomframtagandet av en vattenflödesmodell vid konstgräsplaner med variationer i konstruktion ochgenom fältstudier av granulatfällans effektivitet vid två konstgräsplaner i Storstockholm.Det regn som undersöktes i vattenflödesmodellen var extremregn för ett 10 års regn under 10minuter. Detta för att hitta det maximala flöde granulatfällorna kommer behöva klara av. Vilkavattenflöden som nådde dagvattenbrunnarna var beroende på antalet dagvattenbrunnarplacerade runt konstgräsplanen, i vilket område i Sverige som konstgräsplanen var placerad, detvill säga hur mycket regn som kom, och konstgräsplanens infiltrationsförmåga.Vattenflödesmodellen fungerar som en mall för möjliga vattenflöden vid en specifik plats i Sverigeoch en viss konstruktion av konstgräsplan.De konstgräsplaner som var med i fältstudierna var Skytteholms IP i Solna och Spånga IP iStockholm. Vid varje konstgräsplan placerades 6 granulatfällor med två filterpåsar på varje fälla,den inre med större maskor och den yttre med mindre maskor. Kombinationerna var 200 μm med100 μm, 200 μm med 50 μm och 100 μm med 50 μm. Totalt fångades 10,3 kg mikroplast vidSkytteholms IP och 1,5 kg vid Spånga IP under de 49 dygn granulatfällorna var utplacerade. Avden totala mängden mikroplast viktmässigt i varje granulatfälla fanns minst 99 % i den inrefilterpåsen och maximalt 1 % i den yttre filterpåsen, det vill säga i storleksfraktionen mellan denyttre och den inre filterpåsen.Slutsatserna från denna studie är att vattenflödet till dagvattenbrunnarna placerade runtkonstgräsplaner kan variera mycket på grund av hur konstgräsplanen är konstruerad. Det berorframförallt på konstgräsplanens infiltrationsförmåga och antal dagvattenbrunnar runtkonstgräsplanen. Utifrån de teoretiska vattenflödena och fältstudierna rekommenderas att enfilterpåse med maskstorlek 200 μm används i granulatfällan. Detta utifrån att den inre filterpåsenfångade minst 99 % av de mikroplaster som nådde granulatfällorna, som var större än 50 μm, ochökad risk för igensättning och tillväxt av biofilm på filterpåsarna med mindre maskor. Vidarestudier bör genomföras på granulatfällans vattenflöde över tid, mikroplaster mindre än 50 μm,IIandra spridningsvägar för mikroplaster från konstgräsplaner, förbättrade konstruktioner avkonstgräsplaner och förbättrat underhållningsarbete för att minska spridningen av mikroplasterfrån konstgräsplaner.
In the recent years microplastics in the marine environment has been recognized as a potentiallyimportant environmental issue. Today there are microplastics spread in the waterbodies all overthe world, from the equator to the poles in south and north. In 2016 artificial turf was labeled thesecond largest source of microplastics to the marine environment in Sweden [1]. Football is thenational sport of Sweden and accounts for the majority of the activity hours among the youth inSweden. The artificial turf has made it possible for more children to play football and for them toget more hours on the field. Today about 90 % of the football players play on artificial turf [2].The microplastics pathways to the nature and the marine environment were studied andtreatment methods were developed. One of these methods is the so called granule trap, a filterbag which is placed in a stormwater drainage well to catch the rubber granulates and the artificialturf fibers which can be spread from the artificial field to the drainage system. The aim of thisstudy was to optimize the granule trap for possible waterflows to the stormwater drainage welland its efficiency to catch microplastics. This was researched through field studies of the efficiencyof the granule trap at two artificial turfs in Stockholm and the development of a waterflow modelof an artificial turf with varying construction.The rainfall which was used in the waterflow model was the 10-year storm with a duration of 10minutes. This to find the maximum waterflow the granuletraps must manage. The waterflows tothe stormwater drainage well were dependent on the number of wells placed around the artificialturf, in which area of Sweden the football field was placed, in other words the amount of rain thatfell, and the infiltration capacity of the artificial turf. The waterflow model works as a templatefor possible waterflows at an artificial turf with a certain construction and at a certain location inSweden.The artificial turfs which were examined in the field studies were Skytteholms IP in Solna andSpånga IP in Stockholm. At each football field 6 granuletraps were placed, each loaded with twofilter bags, the inner with larger sized mesh and the outer with smaller sized mesh. The mesh sizecombinations were 200 μm with 100 μm, 200 μm with 50 μm and 100 μm with 50 μm. atSkytteholms IP a total amount of 10.3 kg microplastics were caught and at Spånga IP a total of 1.5kg microplastics were caught during the 49 days the granuletraps were placed at the footballfields. Out of the total amount of microplastics in each granuletrap at least 99 % by mass was inthe inner filter bag and maximum 1 % by mass was in the outer filter bag, in the size fractionbetween the outer and the inner filter bag..In conclusion this study shows that the waterflow to the stormwater drainage wells placed aroundthe artificial turfs vary a lot depending on the construction of the artificial turf. Foremost itdepends on the infiltration capacity of the artificial turf and the number of stormwater drainagewells around the field. With regards to the waterflows from the waterflow model and the resultsfrom the field studies the recommended mesh size for the filter bags is 200 μm. This since at least99 % by mass of the microplastics, which were larger than 50 μm, that reached the granule trapsIVwere trapped in the inner filter bag and the elevated risk of clogging and biofilm growth on thefilter bags with smaller mesh size. Further studies should be conducted on the waterflow throughthe granuletraps over time, microplastics smaller than 50 μm, other pathways for themicroplastics away from the artificial turf, improved constructions of artificial turfs and improvedmaintenance on the artificial turfs to reduce the risk of spreading of microplastics from artificialturfs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Keller, Marcus. "The Fate of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Synthetic Field Turf System." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1384454039.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Smith, Terrance J. "Foot and Ankle Injuries: Artificial Turf vs. Natural grass." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1470240556.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Mcghie, David. "Biomechanical Analysisof Impact Absorption and Traction on Third-Generation Artificial Turf." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bevegelsesvitenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24121.

Full text
Abstract:
Tredjegenerasjons kunstgress (3G kunstgress) er nå i utstrakt bruk både på breddenivå og profesjonelt nivå, og underlaget nyter status som godkjent for konkurranse av Det internasjonale fotballforbundet (FIFA). Ikke desto mindre, til tross for tilsvarende skadefrekvens som på naturgress, har det opprettholdt et rykte for dårlig støtdemping og utrygt friksjonsnivå. Den største bekymringen er at overdrevent stor, repetert belastning og friksjonskrefter utsetter utøvere for større skaderisiko. Både støtdemping og friksjon påvirkes ikke bare av egenskaper ved 3G kunstgress, men også av egenskaper ved fotballskoene som benyttes, der spesielt avlange knotter antas å forårsake høy friksjon. De mest brukte testmetodene innebærer bruk av mekaniske apparater som har til hensikt å gjenskape en idrettsspesifikk menneskelig bevegelse med antatt høy skaderisiko, enten gjennom å produsere et isolert sammenstøt eller en rotasjon, selv om utøvelsen av idrettene som oftest foregår på 3G kunstgress hovedsakelig innebærer lineære bevegelser. En følge av dette er at den nåværende kunnskapen om egenskaper ved 3G kunstgress nesten utelukkende er basert på tester med mekaniske apparater som, delvis grunnet en manglende evne til å tilpasse seg kontinuerlig, ikke betraktes som nøyaktige for å framstille interaksjonen mellom sko og underlag ved menneskelig bevegelse. Det overordnede målet med dette arbeidet var å tilføre utøver-basert biomekanisk data gjennom å undersøke støtdemping og lineær friksjon på forskjellige 3G kunstgressystemer (breddenivå, profesjonelt nivå med og uten underliggende støtdempingssjikt) og med vanlige fotballsko med forskjellige typer knotter (kunstgressknotter, tradisjonelle runde knotter, avlange knotter) ved standardisert menneskelig bevegelse. Sammenlignet med de to kunstgressystemene for profesjonelt nivå var støtdemping dårligere på kunstgressystemet for breddenivå. Generelt sett ble støtdemping påvirket i positiv forstand av både et underliggende støtdempingssjikt og en større mengde fyll i underlaget, men tilsynelatende i høyere grad av førstnevnte. Dette gjenspeilet seg i at kunstgressknotter ga mest støtdemping blant forskjellige typer knotter, muligens grunnet en større mengde sålemateriale. Friksjonskraft var størst på kunstgressystemet for profesjonelt nivå med underliggende støtdempingssjikt og med kunstgressknotter. Til tross for enkelte forskjeller i friksjonskraft forble imidlertid friksjonskoeffisienten tilnærmet identisk på tvers av alle kombinasjoner av sko og underlag, noe som antyder at forsøkspersonene justerte for uønskede friksjonsbetingelser. Det var ingen tegn på at avlange knotter produserte unormalt høy friksjon. Et positivt lineært forhold mellom friksjonskoeffisient og medial rotasjon av skoen i transversalplanet (i forhold til bevegelsesretning på underlaget) fantes, men den begrensede forskyvingen av knotter som forekommer under kontakt med underlaget gjør at bakgrunnen fortsatt er uklar. Selv om enkelte forskjeller mellom kunstgressystemer ble avdekket, antyder verken størrelsen på sammenstøt eller friksjon at ordentlig vedlikeholdt 3G kunstgress kan betraktes som et spesielt risikabelt underlag. Denne forestillingen styrkes av en skadefrekvens lik den som finnes på naturgress
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Tay, Sock P. "New strategies towards the next generation of skin-friendly artificial turf surfaces." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/22979.

Full text
Abstract:
The issue of skin friction related injuries has been one of the problems challenging the artificial sports turf industry. It has been identified by users as a major factor impeding acceptance of artificial turf at the professional level. However, information explaining the mechanisms for skin-turf abrasion is limited and little progress has been made, it appears, to derive an appropriate testing method for product approval or in evidence of improvement of the skin-friendliness of these products in sport surface surfaces. This research project focused on exploring the potential for improving the skin-friendliness of artificial turfs through a multi-faceted approach: identifying the contribution of the abrasive-components in modern artificial turf surfaces through mechanical testing; while critically evaluating currently available skin friction standards , evaluating strategies for polymer material modifications to reduce the skin-surface friction; and the designing of an appropriate bench-top set-up for the lab-based assessment of material skin-friendliness. The lack of understanding of skin-turf interaction was addressed by identifying the turf-component that has the greatest influence on the skin-turf friction with the mechanical device used in the current industry standard. The skin -turf frictional profiles of a series of third generation (3G) turf surfaces were examined, in combination with independent measurements of the silicone skin surface roughness pre- and post-friction testing. Results indicated that turf carpets without any infill material exhibited the highest frictional values while surfaces completely filled with either sand or rubber displayed similarly low frictional values, independent of infill type. Morphological measurements also showed the largest decrease in surface roughness for skin samples tested on carpet-only surfaces, indicating a smoothening effect via abrasion. This abrading effect is alleviated with the addition of infill to the surface, with fully-filled surfaces having the least damage to the skin s. This unprecedented study suggests that the carpet may have the largest influence on the overall frictional behaviour of an artificial turf surface narrowing down the turf component to be targeted when applying product improvements to address skin-friendly properties. The strategy of material surface modification was then employed, to study the effect of polyzwitterionic brushes on improving the skin-friendliness of the identified polypropylene substrate. To address the intended application for artificial turfs, a bench-top test was developed to investigate the frictional properties of the hydrated samples outside of commonly used aqueous environments, where an excess of lubricating water molecules is absent. Photo-grafted poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA) brushes of various irradiation durations were prepared and the improvement in frictional properties was studied. Frictional measurements using silicone skin tips, under both dry and hydrated surface conditions, showed that the applied modification was capable of forming a stable lubrication layer in the absence of excess water, significantly reducing the coefficient of friction by up to 78.8 %. The pSBMA brushes also provided the additional advantage of antifouling exhibiting resistance towards pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus with almost zero surface colonization for well-grafted samples. The low skin -sample friction under ambient conditions and desirable fouling-resistance highlights the potential of pSBMA brushes as a modification strategy for achieving skin-friendly surfaces targeted at reducing the risk of skin abrasions. The tribological implications of counter-surface selection were investigated. Frictional assessments of the pSBMA-modified samples were carried out using standard steel tribo-tips, in addition to the skin tips used. Measurements with the skin tips showed that the hydrated pSBMA brushes were successful in reducing initial skin -sample friction though the effect diminishes with extended testing, attributed to the drying of the interfacial water. The standard steel tribo-tips were unable to reciprocate these results, returning consistently low frictional values regardless of extent of surface modification or hydration. These observations draw attention to the importance of counter-surface selection in frictional assessments, highlighting how appropriate test materials can identify characteristic surface properties while providing an interaction that simulates that of the intended application. The simple experimental set-up used may potentially be enhanced as an intermediate product qualification method in the manufacturing of skin-friendly artificial turf yarns.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

El, Kati Rene. "Effect of mechanical behaviour of artificial turf on player-surface interaction in soccer." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12361.

Full text
Abstract:
This study aimed to extend the knowledge on player and surface loading by contributing new data in relation to a greater range of movements, relevant in-game scenarios and on carefully controlled third generation artificial turf surfaces. This was done by selecting soccer relevant movements and in-game scenarios for a player movement study with the help of a player focus group and questionnaire. Furthermore, four surfaces were created with surface hardness and rotational traction values at the upper and lower limits of the standards set by FIFA. The study showed that both the surface hardness and rotational traction properties can affect the human movement dynamics, though these effects were mainly present during the stop and turn manoeuvre. During the stop and turn manoeuvre the soft and high traction surfaces conditions led to increased frontal plane moments as well as increased average ground reaction forces during mid-stance. In combination with decreased ground contact times it appeared that the players were able to decelerate / accelerate faster and generate a larger force on the soft and high traction surfaces. During peak push off it appeared that the players were able to generate a larger force on the hard surfaces, which also led to a significant increase in plantar flexion moment. While some parameters showed an effect for surface hardness and / or rotational traction across all four surface conditions, for others such as the knee valgus, hip extension and hip internal rotation moment showed only a significant effect between two of the four surfaces. At the same time the other surfaces showed either no effect or the opposite effect. This suggests that the effects of the surface hardness can be influenced by the rotational traction properties, and vice versa. Regarding the jumping / heading manoeuvre the effects of the surface conditions were limited. This may have been related to the high demands of the movement, or to limitations of the mechanical measurement methods. In addition to the effects of surface properties on human movement dynamics the study also showed that the mechanical measurement methods may not be representative of the human loading. The impact force conditions of the advanced artificial athlete were substantially different to that of the stop and turn and jumping / heading manoeuvre. Whereas for the rotational traction test the study showed that the rotation of the foot during the ST was substantially less than the minimum 45° required by the FIFA guidelines. Regarding the inclusion of in-game scenarios the study showed that both the simulated opponent used for the stop and turn manoeuvre, and heading a ball during a maximal vertical stop jump manoeuvre can affect the human movement dynamics. During the stop and turn with a simulated opponent the frontal plane moments in the lower limbs were significantly increased. However, this increase in joint loading could not be related to any changes in movement strategy. During the landing after heading a ball during a maximal vertical stop jump the players used a different landing strategy by landing in a more upright position and increasing the ankle plantar flexion ankle just before lading. This allowed for a larger change in the ankle plantar / dorsi flexion angle to absorb the impact of the landing. In addition to this, the heading manoeuvre also led to a significant increase in the frontal plane joint moments of the lower limbs. For future studies it is recommended that a combination of surface properties is used to gain insight into how these affect each other regarding the effects they have on human movement dynamics. In addition, they should provide detailed information on the surface design as well as the properties. Regarding the quantification of the properties it is recommended that in addition to industry standards the surfaces are also quantified using conditions closer to those expected within the study. It is also recommended that future studies incorporate in-game scenarios in order to gain more insight into the effects of interventions that simulate actual match situations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Hardbarger, Ashley N. "Viability of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus on Artificial Turf Under Outdoor and Laboratory Environmental Conditions." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1338581271.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Artificial turf"

1

Carr, Carolyn. The policy game: Women's use and the management of artificial turf pitches. [U.K: [s.n.], 1993.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

msson, Pe tur Steingri. Veldu flugu: Fluguvei©ʻibo k Pe turs i Laxa rnesi. [Reykjavi k]: Ma l og menning, 2003.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

King, Stephen. Der dunkle Turm: Tot. 6th ed. München, Germany: Heyne, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Egidius. Liber iste que[m] lege[n]dum proponimus: Liber est noue institutionis et studiose conpositio[n]is artificio de antiquorum sente[n]tijs elicitus [et] exortus : in quo p [u]b[l]icalis scientie resulta[n]t archana [et] secreta indicia vrinarum contine[n]tur ... [Salamanca: s.l., 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Artificial turf pitches in Bracknell Forest. Caversham: Sports Council, Southern Region, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Region, Sports Council Southern, and Sportspartner, eds. Artificial turf pitches in Bracknell Forest. Sports Council (Southern Region), 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ogilvie, Nick. Installing and Understanding Artificial Turf: Quick and Easy Guide on How to Successfully Install an Artificial Turf Lawn. Luxe Blades LLC, 2022.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Smith, Patsy Wood. Artificial Turf: Things Are Not Always What They Seem! PublishAmerica, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

1951-, Schimdt Roger C., ASTM Subcommittee F08.52 on Playing Surfaces and Facilities., and Symposium on the Characteristics and Safety of Playing Surfaces (Artificial and Natural) for Field Sports (1988 : Phoenix, Ariz.), eds. Natural and artificial playing fields: Characteristics and safety features. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Recreation, Southern Council for Sport and. Artificial turf pitches in the southern region - investing in the future. Southern Council for Sport and Recreation, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Artificial turf"

1

Gooch, Jan W. "Artificial Turf." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_807.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Morehouse, Chauncey A. "Artificial Turf." In Turfgrass, 89–127. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr32.c3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Rosa, David, Nicolás Ortega, Mercedes Sanchis, Enrique Alcántara, Francisco Parra, Francisco Matey, Pedro Vera, and Carlos Soler. "Artificial Turf Development as Surface for Golf Practice (P143)." In The Engineering of Sport 7, 27–34. Paris: Springer Paris, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-09413-2_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Meijer, Kenneth, Jeroen Dethmers, Hans Savelberg, Paul Willems, and Bart Wijers. "Biomechanical Analysis of Running on Third Generation Artificial Soccer Turf." In The Engineering of Sport 6, 29–34. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46051-2_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Sanchis, Mercedes, David Rosa, Javier Gámez, Enrique Alcántara, Carmen Gimeno, Maria José Such, Jaime Prat, and Ricardo Dejoz. "Development of a New Technique to Evaluate Abrasivieness Artificial Turf (P168)." In The Engineering of Sport 7, 149–56. Paris: Springer Paris, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-09413-2_18.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Alcantara, Enrique, David Rosa, Javier Gamez, Antonio Martinez, Mario Comin, Maria Jose Such, Pedro Vera, and Jaime Prat. "Analysis of the Influence of Rubber Infill on the Mechanical Performance of Artificial Turf Surfaces for Soccer." In The Engineering of Sport 6, 351–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46050-5_62.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kronlid, Fredrik. "Turn Taking for Artificial Conversational Agents." In Cooperative Information Agents X, 81–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11839354_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Iizuka, Hiroyuki, and Takashi Ikegami. "Adaptive Coupling and Intersubjectivity in Simulated Turn-Taking Behaviour." In Advances in Artificial Life, 336–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39432-7_36.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Mirfendreski, Aras. "The Combustion Engine at the Turn of Industrialization." In Powertrain Development with Artificial Intelligence, 3–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63863-7_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Maly, Filip, Pavel Kriz, and Adam Mrazek. "An Artificial Player for a Turn-Based Strategy Game." In Intelligent Information and Database Systems, 455–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54472-4_43.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Artificial turf"

1

Da Man, Yongxia Bao, Guohua Hou, Xiujie Ma, Liebao Han, and Yongji Du. "The effect of traffic on the quality of natural-artificial turf." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetce.2011.5775693.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Weishan, Wang, Yi Hongling, Lin Heng, Gong Weiguang, Wei Ting, and Zheng Baicun. "Regulation of Nano Silica on Mechanical Properties of Gymnastic Artificial Turf." In 2011 International Conference on Future Computer Science and Education (ICFCSE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfcse.2011.37.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Myung-Jin Chung and Seong-Guk Oh. "Development of auto measuring system for shock absorbing performance test of artificial turf ground." In 2008 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2008.4694626.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

AlSayyari, Abdulaziz, Ivica Kostanic, and Carlos E. Otero. "An empirical path loss model for Wireless Sensor Network deployment in an artificial turf environment." In 2014 IEEE 11th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2014.6819700.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Londhe, Niranjan R., Mohan D. Rao, and Jason R. Blough. "Evaluation of Electro-acoustic Techniques for In-Situ Measurement of Acoustic Absorption Coefficient of Grass and Artificial Turf Surfaces." In SAE 2007 Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-2225.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Mantas, Vasco M., and George Xian. "Land Surface Temperature Differences Between Natural and Artificial Turf Sports Fields as Estimated from Satellite: Examples from the United States and Europe." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554145.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Li, Weiheng, Xiangmin Fan, He Zhu, Jingzheng Wu, and Dongxing Teng. "Research on the Influencing Factors of User Trust Based on Artificial Intelligence Self Diagnosis System." In ACM TURC'20: ACM Turing Celebration Conference - China. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3393527.3393561.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Otake, Nanase, Shoya Matsumori, Yosuke Fukuchi, Yusuke Takimoto, and Michita Imai. "Mixed Reference Interpretation in Multi-turn Conversation." In 13th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010260103210328.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Ma, Rui. "The Cognitive Turn of Translation Study in Artificial Intelligence Era." In 2018 4th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichssr-18.2018.94.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Faridi, Mohsen, Ebrahim Rahimpour, Mohammad Kharezi, Hasan Reza Mirzaei, and Asghar Akbari. "Localization of turn-to-turn fault in transformers using Artificial Neural Networks and winding transfer function." In 2010 10th IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics (ICSD). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2010.5568131.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Artificial turf"

1

Jenicek, Elisabeth, and Amanda Rodriguez. Evaluation of turfgrass replacement options : artificial turf. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/34244.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Olsson, W. A. Compliance and strength of artificial joints in Topopah Spring tuff: Yucca Mountain Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/60676.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Olsson, W. A. The effect of sliding velocity on the mechanical response of an artificial joint in Topopah Spring Member tuff; Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/144894.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Raychev, Nikolay. Can human thoughts be encoded, decoded and manipulated to achieve symbiosis of the brain and the machine. Web of Open Science, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/nsrl.v1i2.76.

Full text
Abstract:
This article discusses the current state of neurointerface technologies, not limited to deep electrode approaches. There are new heuristic ideas for creating a fast and broadband channel from the brain to artificial intelligence. One of the ideas is not to decipher the natural codes of nerve cells, but to create conditions for the development of a new language for communication between the human brain and artificial intelligence tools. Theoretically, this is possible if the brain "feels" that by changing the activity of nerve cells that communicate with the computer, it is possible to "achieve" the necessary actions for the body in the external environment, for example, to take a cup of coffee or turn on your favorite music. At the same time, an artificial neural network that analyzes the flow of nerve impulses must also be directed at the brain, trying to guess the body's needs at the moment with a minimum number of movements. The most important obstacle to further progress is the problem of biocompatibility, which has not yet been resolved. This is even more important than the number of electrodes and the power of the processors on the chip. When you insert a foreign object into your brain, it tries to isolate itself from it. This is a multidisciplinary topic not only for doctors and psychophysiologists, but also for engineers, programmers, mathematicians. Of course, the problem is complex and it will be possible to overcome it only with joint efforts.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Borrett, Veronica, Melissa Hanham, Gunnar Jeremias, Jonathan Forman, James Revill, John Borrie, Crister Åstot, et al. Science and Technology for WMD Compliance Monitoring and Investigations. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmd/20/wmdce11.

Full text
Abstract:
The integration of novel technologies for monitoring and investigating compliance can enhance the effectiveness of regimes related to weapons of mass destruction (WMD). This report looks at the potential role of four novel approaches based on recent technological advances – remote sensing tools; open-source satellite data; open-source trade data; and artificial intelligence (AI) – in monitoring and investigating compliance with WMD treaties. The report consists of short essays from leading experts that introduce particular technologies, discuss their applications in WMD regimes, and consider some of the wider economic and political requirements for their adoption. The growing number of space-based sensors is raising confidence in what open-source satellite systems can observe and record. These systems are being combined with local knowledge and technical expertise through social media platforms, resulting in dramatically improved coverage of the Earth’s surface. These open-source tools can complement and augment existing treaty verification and monitoring capabilities in the nuclear regime. Remote sensing tools, such as uncrewed vehicles, can assist investigators by enabling the remote collection of data and chemical samples. In turn, this data can provide valuable indicators, which, in combination with other data, can inform assessments of compliance with the chemical weapons regime. In addition, remote sensing tools can provide inspectors with real time two- or three-dimensional images of a site prior to entry or at the point of inspection. This can facilitate on-site investigations. In the past, trade data has proven valuable in informing assessments of non-compliance with the biological weapons regime. Today, it is possible to analyse trade data through online, public databases. In combination with other methods, open-source trade data could be used to detect anomalies in the biological weapons regime. AI and the digitization of data create new ways to enhance confidence in compliance with WMD regimes. In the context of the chemical weapons regime, the digitization of the chemical industry as part of a wider shift to Industry 4.0 presents possibilities for streamlining declarations under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and for facilitating CWC regulatory requirements.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bar-Joseph, Moshe, William O. Dawson, and Munir Mawassi. Role of Defective RNAs in Citrus Tristeza Virus Diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575279.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
This program focused on citrus tristeza virus (CTV), the largest and one of the most complex RNA-plant-viruses. The economic importance of this virus to the US and Israeli citrus industries, its uniqueness among RNA viruses and the possibility to tame the virus and eventually turn it into a useful tool for the protection and genetic improvement of citrus trees justify these continued efforts. Although the overall goal of this project was to study the role(s) of CTV associated defective (d)-RNAs in CTV-induced diseases, considerable research efforts had to be devoted to the engineering of the helper virus which provides the machinery to allow dRNA replication. Considerable progress was made through three main lines of complementary studies. For the first time, the generation of an engineered CTV genetic system that is capable of infecting citrus plants with in vitro modified virus was achieved. Considering that this RNA virus consists of a 20 kb genome, much larger than any other previously developed similar genetic system, completing this goal was an extremely difficult task that was accomplished by the effective collaboration and complementarity of both partners. Other full-length genomic CTV isolates were sequenced and populations examined, resulting in a new level of understanding of population complexities and dynamics in the US and Israel. In addition, this project has now considerably advanced our understanding and ability to manipulate dRNAs, a new class of genetic elements of closteroviruses, which were first found in the Israeli VT isolate and later shown to be omnipresent in CTV populations. We have characterized additional natural dRNAs and have shown that production of subgenomic mRNAs can be involved in the generation of dRNAs. We have molecularly cloned natural dRNAs and directly inoculated citrus plants with 35S-cDNA constructs and have shown that specific dRNAs are correlated with specific disease symptoms. Systems to examine dRNA replication in protoplasts were developed and the requirements for dRNA replication were defined. Several artificial dRNAs that replicate efficiently with a helper virus were created from infectious full-genomic cDNAs. Elements that allow the specific replication of dRNAs by heterologous helper viruses also were defined. The T36-derived dRNAs were replicated efficiently by a range of different wild CTV isolates and hybrid dRNAs with heterologous termini are efficiently replicated with T36 as helper. In addition we found: 1) All CTV genes except of the p6 gene product from the conserved signature block of the Closteroviridae are obligate for assembly, infectivity, and serial protoplast passage; 2) The p20 protein is a major component of the amorphous inclusion bodies of infected cells; and 3) Novel 5'-Co-terminal RNAs in CTV infected cells were characterized. These results have considerably advanced our basic understanding of the molecular biology of CTV and CTV-dRNAs and form the platform for the future manipulation of this complicated virus. As a result of these developments, the way is now open to turn constructs of this viral plant pathogen into new tools for protecting citrus against severe CTV terms and development of virus-based expression vectors for other citrus improvement needs. In conclusion, this research program has accomplished two main interconnected missions, the collection of basic information on the molecular and biological characteristics of the virus and its associated dRNAs toward development of management strategies against severe diseases caused by the virus and building of novel research tools to improve citrus varieties. Reaching these goals will allow us to advance this project to a new phase of turning the virus from a pathogen to an ally.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

Full text
Abstract:
With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Artificial turf' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography