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1
Gantalao, Jilmar S. "Preparedness among Reserve Officers' Training Corps Graduates on the Rigors of ROTC and Defense Security: Basis for Policy Enhancement." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 4, no. 5 (May 20, 2023): 1510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.05.13.
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The Philippines Reserve Officers' Training Corps aims to provide military education and training for students to mobilize them for national defense preparedness. This study aimed to assess the rigor of the Philippine Reserve Officers' Training Corps, and defense and security preparedness among ROTC graduates in selected universities in the Philippines, and determined the significant difference in the perceived level of preparedness on the rigor of the Philippine RTOC among Military Science courses graduates in selected universities such as: physical organization of cadets, combat training of individual soldiers, regional annual administrative and tactical inspection, drill and ceremonies, infantry, rescue, field artillery, and; civil operation activities as assessed by the three groups of respondents. Moreover, the study also determined the significant difference in the perceived level of preparedness on defense and security such as: internal security operations, territorial defense, disaster response, international defense, security engagements, international humanitarian assistance, peacekeeping operations, and support to national development as assessed by the two (2) groups of respondents. This study utilized a descriptive correlational research design. The study covered 200 respondents; composed of 100 Military Science 42 Graduates, and 100 Military Science 43 graduates conducted during the School Year 2022 – 2023. Generally, the respondents were Highly Prepared for the rigor of the Reserved Officers Training Corps. On the other hand, the respondents were Highly Prepared on defense and security as embedded in the Reserved Officers Training Corps. Further studies may be conducted using empirical evidence to further the implementation of ROTC mandates, supplementation to an early career in AFP, and the impact of ROTC on both high school and college graduates in the Philippines.
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McConachy, Bruce. "The Roots of Artillery Doctrine: Napoleonic Artillery Tactics Reconsidered." Journal of Military History 65, no. 3 (July 2001): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2677528.
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Świętochowski, Norbert. "Field Artillery in the defensive war of Ukraine 2022-2023Part I. Combat potential, tasks and tactics." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 210, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1631.
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On 24 February 2022, the Russian Federation carried out an unlawful armed aggression against Ukraine, starting the largest armed conflict in Europe since World War II. In the course of hostilities, both sides deployed missile troops and artillery, which became essential means of fire support for ground troops due to restrictions in the use of air force and army aviaton. The aim of the article is to present the potential, tasks and tactics of the field artillery used in the Ukrainian war in the years 2022-2023. The subject of research is missile troops and artillery of the combatants. Primarily their organisation, armament, tasks and tactical assumptions. The author formulated the following questions: What was the combat potential of the warring parties’ artillery at the beginning and during the conflict? What tasks are set for the artillery in the ongoing war? What tactics are used by the artillery of the warring parties in response to changing conditions during the war? The author, as a long-term theoretician and practitioner of field artillery, based the analyses made largely on his own observations and conclusions, which he formulated during many years of scientific research and participation in military exercises involving artillery, interviews with Ukrainian officers, as well as the latest studies and documents issued by opinion-forming research centres.This study is the first part of the work which presents the combat potential, tasks and tactics of the artillery of Ukraine and the Russian Federation. In the second part the use of the artillery in individual phases of the war and the changes that occurred as a result of the combat experience obtained will be presented.
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Eliav, Joseph. "Tactics of Sixteenth-century Galley Artillery." Mariner's Mirror 99, no. 4 (November 2013): 398–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2013.844536.
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Chung, Yan Hon Michael. "The Introduction of European-Style Artillery and the Reform of Siege Tactics in 17th Century China—a Case Study of the Tragedy of Jiangyin (1645)." Journal of Chinese Military History 9, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-bja10001.
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Abstract While the importance of European-style artillery, also called “red-barbarian cannon” by the people of the time, to the Ming-Qing transition (1618-1683) is generally recognized, much less is known about the actual performance of the weapon on the battlefield. Such a dearth of knowledge hinders historians from evaluating the extent of its impact on the Manchu conquest of China. Hoping to fill this gap, this article examines the actual performance of red-barbarian cannon through reconstructing the siege of Jiangyin (1645). Close examination of this episode reveals that, although the Qing army possessed abundant European-style artillery, the absence of appropriate and effective artillery siege tactics greatly constrained the effectiveness of these weapons in siege warfare. Hence, the importance of artillery in the early stage of the Ming-Qing transition (1618-1645) is likely to have been minimal. However, the siege of Jiangyin witnessed a reform of siege tactics in the Qing artillery corps. These newly devised siege tactics enabled the Qing army to capture the city with efficiency by fully utilizing the red-barbarian cannon. The reform greatly enhanced the siege ability of the Qing forces and paved the way for the Qing conquest of China.
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Shim, Younglak, and Michael P. Atkinson. "Analysis of artillery shoot-and-scoot tactics." Naval Research Logistics (NRL) 65, no. 3 (April 2018): 242–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nav.21803.
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Serkebaev, K. B. "Analysis of the combat use of artillery in a special military operation conducted by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in Ukraine." Proceeding "Bulletin MILF" 51, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56132/2791-3368.2022.3-49-02.
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The article discusses the action soft artillery of opposing partisans a special military operation car rerouting Ukraine by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces). The analysis of publicly available information on the use of artillery of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the fight again a strategy was carried out. The tactics of action of artillery unit saris closed, the technical characteristics of modern firing equips minted artillery reconnaissance reequip met used in the fight against the b artery are given. The peculiarity of the article eyes that it contains artillery fire and artillery race on nays since equipment off origins countries, in particular the NATO North Atlantic bloc, supplied in accord an pewits the law on Lend-Lease torpor tact democracy in Ukraine from 2022, indicating their advent age sandiest advantages in a special military operation.
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R.H. and B. P. Hughes. "Open Fire: Artillery Tactics from Marlborough to Wellington." Military Affairs 49, no. 4 (October 1985): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1987566.
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Rogulis, Dovydas. "The Development of the Lithuanian Armed Forces and Its Response to the Russian Conventional Threats in 2015‒2020." Jaunųjų mokslininkų darbai 51, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/jmd.2021.4.
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In a period of 2015-2020, Lithuanian Armed Forces (LAF) military spending increased twice, thus it enabled to initiate and to arrange significant critical projects that eventually allowed armed forces to upgrade military equipment and tactics. New artillery units, armoured personnel vehicles, air defence systems, anti-tank weapons, radars, anti-drone systems boosted military power of LAF. Tactics switched from anti green men to conventional tactics, where fire and manoeuvre dominates again. Meanwhile, in the same period of time in Kaliningrad the Russian armed forces boosted the number of military personnel, upgraded equipment (most of it to offensive one) and increased military exercises. In order to be prepared, LAF must look for the most efficient ways of defence towards a potential foe. In a near future LAF must decentralize a central military storage thus critical assets could be secured and used by battalions at any time. Moreover, LAF capabilities could be improved by cyber conscripts and non-conventional tactics which could bring extra dividends when a small state fights against technologically advanced adversary. Eventually, with an additional military spending LAF could obtain MLRS artillery, the coastal defence systems and unmanned combat aerial vehicles that could deal with enemy from a safer distance.
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Naumenko, I., M. Mokrotskyi, and O. Maistrenko. "METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE POSSIBLE COMBAT LOAD OF AN ARTILLERY UNIT IN A MECHANIZED BRIGADE BATTLE." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.18.2023.10.
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The experience of repulsing and deterring the armed aggression of the russian federation demonstrates the need to perform a significant amount of fire support tasks for combined arms units (subunits) and indicates the growing requirements for determining and assessing the combat capabilities of artillery units to perform the scope of fire tasks assigned to them.
The analysis of the combat operations of artillery units during the repulsion of the armed aggression of the russian federation indicates that the issues related to the need to increase the level of implementation of their existing combat capabilities and to bring the possible combat load of artillery units in line with the volume of fire missions assigned to artillery in a mechanized brigade battle are problematic and relevant today.
At present, there is an urgent need to take into account the changes that have occurred in the tactics of artillery units, spatial and temporal parameters of combat operations, and to better substantiate the possible combat load of artillery units. Therefore, the methodology for determining the possible combat load of an artillery unit is an important component of assessing the combat capabilities of specific artillery units when planning fire support in a mechanized brigade battle.
It is known that the volume of fire missions and the number of cycles of actions to accomplish them that an artillery unit can implement depends on: enemy countermeasures, the state of the artillery unit, the conditions for obtaining intelligence on enemy objects, the determined effect of target destruction, the capabilities of the control system, the firepower of the unit, and the time during which the unit can perform a fire mission, etc.
As a result of taking into account time constraints and various conditions for performing fire missions, a methodology has been developed to determine the possible combat load of an artillery unit as the number of combat cycles of actions to perform a certain amount of fire missions in a mechanized brigade battle under certain restrictions and conditions.
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Maksymova, O., V. Boltyonkov, P. Gultsov, and O. Maksymov. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE MODEL AND METHOD OF ARTILLERY INSTALLATION TARGET DAMAGE CONTROL WITH MINIMAL COMBAT CAPABILITY LOSS." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 2, no. 68 (2023): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.2.68.2023.11.
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Artillery systems of the armed forces of the state ensure its security and sovereignty. Modern artillery systems perform combat work close to the tasks of tactical missiles, with reduced time and resources. An integral part of military art is tactics, which is inherent in the information environment and its implementation by specialized units. An integral part of tactical research of any military operation is its mathematical modeling. Of particular interest is the possibility of obtaining simulation results in the case of the fundamental absence of some types of combat resources, or the use of only one type of weapons. A model of controlling the combat work of an artillery i system has been developed, which resolves the execution of the combat task of destroying the target with a given number of shells under the condition of changing the firing position in order to reduce the probability of its fire damage by the artillery installation of the opposing side. The model considers that all shots are effective. The model assumes that the number of firing positions is equal to the number of shots, and the minimum number of shots from a firing position is equal to one. The model of change of position does not involve a return to the previous ones. Simulations of movement from one position to another take place along one of the roads of different quality. A method of finding a decision on the state of execution of the combat task by the artillery system of the attacking party has been developed. The concept of the current structure of combat mission performance is introduced. The method of finding a solution about the state of execution of a combat task by an artillery system can be attributed to the solution of Pareto-oriented problems, or dynamic programming problems. The model calculation method consists of a general algorithm, which is based on developed specialized additional algorithms. The obtained results proved the possibility of carrying out a combat mission with a maximum of two shots from each firing position. Just as the tactic of expending shots to destroy a target in the amount of 10 shots is focused on defensive tactics, the tactic of destroying a target in the amount of 4 shots can correspond to combat actions during the offensive. Therefore, the “shot-and-scoot” offensive tactic can be called “hid-and-shot”.
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Nazarenko, Kirill B. "The Swedish Origin of the Russian Naval Artillery Drill Regulations during the Time of Peter the Great." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 68, no. 4 (2023): 927–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.408.
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The article is devoted to the study of the origin of the Russian Naval artillery drill regulations (so called exercise) of the era of Peter the Great. Previously only one Russian Naval artillery exercise of the 18th century, introduced by F. M. Apraksin in 1718, was known. The comparison of two printed treatises of D. Grundell (the head of the Swedish Naval artillery in 1712–1716) with the exercise of Apraksin has revealed their obvious similarity. The author has discovered the Russian exercise of the late 1740s. Its analysis enables to prove that in the Russian Navy (at least from 1717 to the middle of the 18th century) there existed one exercise, and this exercise was a translation and adaptation of the Swedish one. Russian and Swedish exercises were totally different compared to the French and English ones. The study confirms that two articles of the Russian Naval Charter of 1720 are a translation of the two passages of D. Grundell’s treatise of 1705, and this treatise itself was in circulation in Russia and, possibly, was known to Peter I. The biography of D. Grundell, who joined the Russian service in 1698 but did not actually serve, has been clarified. The current research raises questions of the dissemination of scientific, technical, and regulatory information of the 18th century. This process could take a variety of forms (oral, written, printed) — from the transfer of information by the teacher to the student to publications that referred to their approval by the relevant authorities or officials.
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Луняшин, С. Д. "ARTILLERY DURING THE SIEGE OF VIENNA 1529: A CONTEST OF SKILL AND EQUIPMENT AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT." Человеческий капитал 2, no. 11(179) (November 19, 2023): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25629/hc.2023.11.35.
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Статья посвящена проблеме развития артиллерии и её места в осадной войне начале XVI в. Рассмотрение проблемы осуществляется на материале осады Вены османами в 1529 г. Целью исследования является изучение роли артиллерии во время осады Вены и установление наиболее значимых факторов, повлиявших на исход этой осады. В качестве основных источников использованы австрийские и османские тексты, составленные участниками осады или записанные с их слов. Общую методологическую основу исследования составляют концепция «военной революции» и исторический материализм. В статье подробно рассматривается ход осады, анализируется состав артиллерийского парка обеих сторон и состояние артиллерии как рода войск в Османской империи и в Священной Римской империи, изучаются наиболее эффективные тактики осаждающих и способы, которыми гарнизон противостоит им. Автор даёт ответ на вопрос о значимости артиллерии в рамках этой осады, и приходит к выводу о наибольшем значении для осаждающих тактики подземной (минной) войны, в то время как для сил Габсбургов решающее значение сыграло превосходство в качестве солдат, инженеров и передача военного опыта. The article is devoted to the problem of the development of artillery and its place in siege warfare at the beginning of the 16th century. The study is based on the materials related to the Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1529. The purpose of the study is to examine the role of artillery during the siege and to establish the most significant factors that influenced the outcome of this battle. The main sources are Austrian and Ottoman texts compiled by participants of the siege or written down from their words. The general methodology of the study is the “Military revolution” theory and historical materialism. The article examines in detail the events of the siege, analyzes the composition of the artillery park of both sides and the state of Artillery Corps in the Ottoman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, studies the most effective tactics of the besiegers and the ways in which the garrison resisted them. The author answers the question about the importance of artillery during the siege, and comes to the conclusion that the greatest importance for the besiegers was the tactics of the tunnel warfare, while for the Habsburg forces a decisive role was played buy superiority in the quality of soldiers, engineers and the transfer of military experience.
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Naumenko, Igor, Muhaylo Mokrotsky, and Roman Shostak. "Improved method of assessing the combat capabilities of the artillery of the mechanism brigade." Military Technical Collection, no. 29 (December 28, 2023): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.29.2023.60-64.
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The experience of repelling and deterring the armed aggression of the Russian Federation indicates the need to carry out a significant amount of joint fire support tasks for combined military units and units. This, in turn, indicates the growing requirements for the implementation of the combat capabilities of artillery units to perform the volume of fire support tasks in the battle of the mechanized brigade.
The conducted analysis of the conduct of artillery combat operations in the battle of the mechanized brigade indicates that the tasks associated with the need to increase the level of realization of the potential combat capabilities of the artillery and bring them into line with the volume of fire missions that can rely on it are problematic and relevant today in the battle of the mechanized brigade.
In order to solve these tasks, there is an urgent need to use modern approaches to assessing the combat capabilities of artillery units, which would take into account the changes that have occurred in the tactics of actions, the spatial and temporal parameters of the conduct of artillery combat operations, the effects of damage and allow better planning of fire support by artillery in battle mechanized brigade. According to these requirements, the assessment of the combat capabilities of artillery should become an important component of planning the combined fire support in the battle of the mechanized brigade.
Therefore, there is an urgent task regarding the improvement of the methodology for assessing the combat capabilities of the artillery of a mechanized brigade, the use of which will make it possible to bring the combat load of artillery units into compliance with the volume of firing tasks of artillery in the battle of a mechanized brigade, taking into account modern requirements, conditions and time constraints for their execution.
The improved method of assessing the combat capabilities of the artillery of the mechanized brigade, unlike the existing methods and approaches, takes into account such a set of conditions and factors that allow predicting the effectiveness of the tasks of artillery units of different purposes and properties (differently effective fire means). To take into account the combined effect of fire, reconnaissance, maneuver, support and management and communication capabilities of artillery units based on the number of combat cycles of their actions. It is expedient to calculate the possibilities for carrying out a certain amount of firing tasks with the allocated resource of ammunition of various types under established spatial and temporal time limits and probable enemy countermeasures.
Based on the results of the comparison of the defined volume of fire tasks and the number of combat cycles, it is possible to make a final calculation of the possible combat load of each artillery unit from fire support per day of battle during the planning of fire support by artillery in the battle of a mechanized brigade.
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Mokrotsky, Muhaylo, and Roman Shostak. "Methodical approach to determining goals artillery of the mechanism brigade." Military Technical Collection, no. 30 (May 31, 2024): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.30.2024.37-44.
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The experience of repelling and deterring the armed aggression of the Russian Federation shows the need to carry out a significant amount of fire support tasks for combined military units (units) and points to the growing requirements for the timeliness and quality of target identification for missile troops and artillery at various stages of preparation and conducting an operation (battle). The conducted analysis of the use of artillery units during the repulse of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation indicates that the issues of increasing the level of implementation of their combat capabilities and bringing them into line with the volume of fire tasks that can rely on artillery in the battle of a mechanized brigade are problematic and relevant today. At present, there is an urgent need for modern methods and approaches that would take into account the changes that have occurred in the tactics of artillery units, their quantitative and qualitative composition, spatial and temporal parameters of the conduct of hostilities, and allow more qualitative justification of the goals for the division of units in order to achieve planned fire support effects. Therefore, a methodical approach to determining the goals of the artillery of the mechanized brigade is an important component of determining the scope of target engagement tasks and firing tasks of artillery in the battle of the mechanized brigade. It is known that the scope of the target engagement task and the number of phases of actions related to their implementation depends on: the composition, state and nature of the enemy's actions; tasks of fire support of mechanized units; designation of artillery units as elements of the battle order of the mechanized brigade; combat properties, state and supply of ammunition of artillery units; the capabilities of intelligence tools and the results of processing intelligence information about enemy objects; planned effects of hitting targets, etc. Therefore, there is an urgent task regarding the development of a methodical approach to determining the goals of the artillery of the mechanized brigade, as the number of objects (personnel, structures, etc.) of the enemy's troops (forces), districts and areas of the terrain that are accepted for destruction in the lane of action of the mechanized brigade for to achieve certain physical, operational and psychological effects in accordance with the intentions (design) of the brigade commander.
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Whitby, Michael. "SIEGE WARFARE AND COUNTER-SIEGE TACTICS IN LATE ANTIQUITY (ca. 250–640)." Late Antique Archaeology 8, no. 2 (January 25, 2013): 433–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000014a.
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Although there are numerous remains of Late Roman walls and other defensive works, these offer little insight into how individual sieges progressed, and most of our knowledge about siege operations in Late Antiquity comes from literary sources, which, for different reasons, provide a wealth of information. Tactics and techniques were substantially the same as in earlier Roman and Hellenistic times, so that comparative evidence is relevant, and the main issue for debate is the switch from torsion-powered to traction artillery and who was responsible for this development.
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Maksymov, Maksym V., Viktor O. Boltenkov, Pavlo S. Gultsov, and Oleksii M. Maksymov. "Verification of artillery fire under the influence of random disturbances for the computer game ARMA 3." Applied Aspects of Information Technology 6, no. 4 (December 20, 2023): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/aait.06.2023.24.
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Computer gaming occupies a firm place in today's media culture and media business. Computer games are widely used both as a means of entertainment and as an educational tool. Military games traditionally hold a place in computer gaming. However, it is in this sector of gaming that a sharp contradiction is observed between the super-realistic quality of the video component and the limited scope of the game's script component. In particular, in the development of military-themed games, the introduction of modern weapon models is rapidly evolving. At the same time, the experience of military conflicts over the last decade and the new tactical techniques developed are difficult to implement in games. This work demonstrates the possibility of improving the artillery component of ARMA 3. In artillery fire, random disturbances are always present. These disturbances cannot be eliminated during the preparation of the firing. In practice, they are compensated by consecutive ranging shots. Modern artillery firing tactics require the maximum reduction of the firing time of the artillery unit. In this regard, methods for verifying each artillery shot are very relevant. Verification is understood as confirming the effectiveness of a shot immediately after it is made. A method for verifying a shot by recording the flight time of a projectile through three control points is proposed and studied. Based on the recorded flight times by sensors, a system of approximating parabolas is constructed. The solution of the system allows determining the expected point of the projectile's burst before it lands. The deviation of the burst point from the aiming point verifies the quality of the artillery shot. Simulation modeling of the proposed method has been conducted. It is demonstrated that parabolic approximation effectively compensates for random disturbances of the shot. A comparison of the proposed method with the method of compensating disturbances through consecutive ranging shots is made. It is shown that the proposed method significantly reduces the firing time of the weapon and the ammunition expenditure for hitting the target for the ARMA 3 player.
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Varakuta, V., V. Farafonov, Ye Ryapolov, I. Barkatov, V. Tiurin, and S. Honcharuk. "THE COMBAT ENGAGEMENT (COMBAT EPISODE) LIFE CYCLE INTERACTIVE THREE-DIMENSIONAL VISUALIZATION CRITERIA AND INDICATORS SELECTION." Випробування та сертифікація, no. 1(3) (July 8, 2024): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/ts.03.2024.05.
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The russo-Ukrainian war is generally characterized as an artillery war, since the main burden in it is the massive use of artillery. However, this war is distinguished from others by the use of various tactics, some of that repeat the tactics of the past, only at a higher technical level, and the newest tactics that have appeared thanks to the advent of modern weapons and military equipment, the which principles are based on the latest technical achievements. The specified circumstances require a careful and more detailed consideration (research) of these tactical techniques on such issues as the reasons for their occurrence, the number of participants, the course of the battle (combat episode), its result, analysis and development, practical recommendations that can be combined into a single concept of the life cycle, eliminate identified shortcomings or provide recommendations for improving individual positions in this matter. For this purpose, it is advisable to reproduce and reconstruct the life cycle of the combat engagement or combat episode that occurred. One of the means of reproducing the life cycle of a combat engagement (combat episode) is interactive three-dimensional visualization. Therefore, in order to create an interactive three-dimensional visualization model (animation) of the life cycle of a combat engagement or a combat episode, that would correspond as close as possible to real events, it is desirable to determine the criteria and indicators that characterize these events. The interactive three-dimensional visualization of the life cycle of a combat engagement or combat episode criterion can be the completeness and reliability of information, and the indicators - dynamism, evaluation of the effectiveness of combat operations and characteristics of the space (locality) in which the combat engagement (combat episode) took place.
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Sokyrko, Oleksii. "Western European Military Practices and Technologies in Ukraine in XVIII Century." European Historical Studies, no. 13 (2019): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.13.183-202.
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The “Military Revolution”, which became a concentrated manifestation of Europe’s political leadership during the XVIIth – XVIIIth centuries, produced new realities in the military sphere: regular armies, subordinated and held by centralized states, unified arms and clothing, division into types of military forces, special drill and education for soldiers and officers. Leadership in military technology consisted of fortifications and artillery that developed in the direction of increasing technical capacity, unification and standardization of new weapons. New approaches to the organization of the armed forces changed the character of wars. If in the XVIIth century East and West of Europe had a kind of parity in their military achievements and technologies, then in the XVIIIth century it finally moved to the West. In this context, an important issue is how Western European achievements were spread in Ukraine, in particular the Cossack Hetmanate, whose military-political model was clearly structured for military purposes. The analysis of these influences and borrowings shows that they were heterogeneous in nature. In the Cossack army, elements of the regular troop duty and sentry service and even drill instructions were gradually being appeared. The Cossack starshyna (officials) faced with the practice of the regular army during the Russian imperial wars. However, all these influences were episodic and spontaneous, without changing the essence of the military institutions of the Hetmanate. In artillery, technical innovations were implemented more actively, but were hampered by lack of funding. In the fortification area, the control of which was completely transferred to imperial power, Western technologies and specialists, were used by metropolitan power in their own defensive projects. It is significant that the acquaintance and borrowing of any military innovations in the XVIIIth century occurred almost exclusively through Russian mediation. This tendency was fully in line with the gradual loss of the Hetmanate’s sovereignty, the destruction of its army.
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Orishev, A. B. "Changes in Red Army tactics during the Battle of Stalingrad." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities 29, no. 1 (February 17, 2024): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2024-29-1-203-212.
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Importance. The topic of the Battle of Stalingrad is investigated, the relevance of which is beyond doubt, since any study in our country devoted to the Great Patriotic War was and remains important both for preserving historical memory and for educating the younger generation. The relevance of the study is enhanced by the fact that the stated scientific problem – the peculiarities of the tactics of the Soviet troops in the autumn-winter period of 1942 – is practically not disclosed in the scientific literature. The purpose of the study is to show how the Wehrmacht characterized the changes that occurred in the tactics of the Red Army during the Battle of Stalingrad.Materials and Methods. The research and its source base are captured documents from the funds of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense (CAMO). Research methods: attribution of captured documents from the CAMO funds, comparison, content analysis, microhistoric analysis. The object of the study is the tactics of offensive and defensive battles of the Red Army in autumn– winter 1942.Results and Discussion. The specific author’s results of the study are that it shows how Stalin’s order No. 306 on improving offensive combat tactics and combat formations was characterized in the General Staff of German Ground Forces; data on the main changes in the tactics of defensive combat of Red Army are given; it shows what importance artillery was assigned in offensive and defensive battles, what changes occurred in the tank forces.Conclusion. The changes in the tactics of the offensive and defensive battles of Red Army during the Battle of Stalingrad were timely, it was constantly improved and adapted to specific combat conditions, which eventually ensured the final transition of the initiative to the Soviet troops at the front.
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Petlyuk, I., and Y. Shchavinsky. "USE OF SIMULATION MODELING SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINATION OF APPROPRIATE CHARACTERISTICS OF PROSPECTIVE ARTILLERY WEAPONS." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 14 (January 25, 2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2020.14.1.11-22.
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The article analyzes the application of simulation systems in the military sphere, the contribution of domestic and foreign scientists to its development. The problem of application of simulation systems in the development of promising models of artillery weapons as complex systems, taking into account the factors of the combat situation, is determined. The variant of hitting the object (target) with a mortar battery, modeling and experiments with different indicators of rate of fire and maneuverability are given. The method of simulation modeling using JCATS identifies the required technical characteristics of maneuverability and rate of fire of promising mortar systems, which must be taken into account in the design. Using regression analysis, the results of the forecast of the required rate of fire and maneuverability of promising mortar complexes are shown, which will provide the required effectiveness of hitting single targets in modern maneuverable combat operations with a probability of defeat of not less than 0.9. The simulation results are summarized in the table. The requirements that must be met when creating self-propelled mortar systems and technical solutions that can provide the required rate of fire. The ways of using the program of unified simulation of conflicts and tactics of combat operations in the IM JCATS system in scientific researches at formation of tactical and technical requirements and characteristics of samples of armament at development of new and modernization of existing are offered. Keywords: simulation modeling; tactical and technical requirements; tactical and technical characteristics; artillery armament; computer technology; simulation technology; combat effectiveness of the artillery system; combat effectiveness indicator; the probability of hitting the target; maneuverability; rate of fire.
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Kobzar, A., and Y. Zolotonos. "REQUIREMENTS FOR MODERN OPTOELECTRONIC SYSTEM SHORE SELF-PROPELLED ARTILLERY COMPLEX DURING THE AUTONOMOUS COMBAT USE." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 14 (January 25, 2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2020.14.1.23-33.
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The article analyzes the application of simulation systems in the military sphere, the contribution of domestic and foreign scientists to its development. The problem of application of simulation systems in the development of promising models of artillery weapons as complex systems, taking into account the factors of the combat situation, is determined. The variant of hitting the object (target) with a mortar battery, modeling and experiments with different indicators of rate of fire and maneuverability are given. The method of simulation modeling using JCATS identifies the required technical characteristics of maneuverability and rate of fire of promising mortar systems, which must be taken into account in the design. Using regression analysis, the results of the forecast of the required rate of fire and maneuverability of promising mortar complexes are shown, which will provide the required effectiveness of hitting single targets in modern maneuverable combat operations with a probability of defeat of not less than 0.9. The simulation results are summarized in the table. The requirements that must be met when creating self-propelled mortar systems and technical solutions that can provide the required rate of fire. The ways of using the program of unified simulation of conflicts and tactics of combat operations in the IM JCATS system in scientific researches at formation of tactical and technical requirements and characteristics of samples of armament at development of new and modernization of existing are offered. Keywords: simulation modeling; tactical and technical requirements; tactical and technical characteristics; artillery armament; computer technology; simulation technology; combat effectiveness of the artillery system; combat effectiveness indicator; the probability of hitting the target; maneuverability; rate of fire.
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Rusakovskiy, Oleg. "The Russian Edition of Johann Jacobi von Wallhausen’s »Kriegskunst zu Fuß« (1649): The History of A Failure?" Militaergeschichtliche Zeitschrift 79, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgzs-2020-0001.
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AbstractThe article deals with the history of the »Uchenie i khitrost’ ratnogo stroeniia pekhotnykh liudeĭ« – the first Russian book on military art issued in print in Moscow in 1649. Being a full and exact translation of the »Kriegskunst zu Fuß« by Johann Jacobi von Wallhausen (1615), the »Uchenie« has for a long time been recognized by historians as the first Russian effective drill manual which played an important role in the modernization of infantry tactics and military training. However, the use of the book for and during drill sessions could not be inferred by existing sources. Wallhausen’s text was too voluminous and comprehensive in comparison with contemporary drill manuals and could scarcely be understood by uneducated Russian readers. Tactical formations prescribed by Wallhausen were outdated and not suitable for the conditions prevailing in the Eastern European warfare of the mid-17th century. As a result, the book considered as being quite important for Russian culture had no value for military developments of the time.
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Malishkin, A., T. Ivanov, S. Grigorenko, O. Bosyj, and A. Galkin. "WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF BLASTING ACTION OF BLASTING AND EXPLOSIVE PROJECTS." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 13 (December 30, 2020): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2020.13.1.142-147.
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Ensuring military security remains an important task for any state. Its solution in modern conditions, when the combat capability of the armed forces increasingly depends on the scientific and technical level and quality of weapons, requires continuous improvement of military equipment, which leads to the need to dramatically increase the level of training in research, development and operation of weapons. Nowadays, when hostilities continue in the east of the country, military specialists and all enterprises of Ukroboronprom are faced with the problem of improving the efficiency of RAW samples that are being developed, modernized or modified. In this regard, there is a need to increase, while reducing financial costs, to develop the effectiveness of the use of existing high-explosive fragmentation munitions, which will implement a method of affective defeat of enemy targets. Insufficient for modern conditions, the level of impact of high-explosive fragmentation (RP) shells, forces research to improve their efficiency. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of fragmentation of OF shells is to ensure the optimal fragmentation spectrum of multi-purpose in the process of explosive destruction of the hull (VRK). The analysis of the directions of the decision of this problem reveals the most expedient directions, such as, change of the scheme of loading of the case, search of new constructive schemes of OF shells, improvement of characteristics of a fragmentation field of defeat at the expense of change of chemical composition of steels and their mechanical properties. affection. In modern general combat, especially with the use of only conventional weapons, artillery fire in combination with air strikes is one of the main means of destroying the enemy. This is due to the fact that the artillery has a powerful and accurate fire, long range, the ability to maneuver widely and quickly concentrate fire on the most important targets [1]. In the tactics of all-out combat, an important role in the system of fire on the enemy during large-scale and local combat is assigned to the artillery complex. Military experts note that in future conflicts, the role of artillery complexes will not decrease, but rather only increase. Analysis of military conflicts in recent years shows that the defeat of the vast majority of targets of various classes of defense on the battlefield (manpower, armored vehicles, field-type fortifications) is achieved by firing shells of combined action – high-explosive (OP). They are ammunition (BP) for multi-purpose purposes and form the basis of the combat set of artillery complexes of field artillery, as well as part of the combat sets of tank and anti-tank guns. Key words: high-explosive fragmentation projectile, ammunition, construction, layout, efficiency.
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Andrade, Tonio. "Cannibals with Cannons: The Sino-Portuguese Clashes of 1521-1522 and the Early Chinese Adoption of Western Guns." Journal of Early Modern History 19, no. 4 (June 18, 2015): 311–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342444.
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Did Europeans have a military advantage over other peoples of the world during the early modern period (1500-1800)? Scholars of the “military revolution” school have argued that European guns, tactics, fortification techniques, and ships conferred significant benefits on European forces, whereas other scholars suggest that the European military edge was slight at best. This article examines the first armed conflict in history between European and Chinese forces: the so-called Sino-Portuguese War of 1521 and 1522. Scholars on both sides of the military effectiveness argument have adduced this conflict to buttress their positions, but there are few studies of it in either western or East Asian languages. This article suggests that during the first set of engagements, which occurred in 1521, Portuguese artillery was markedly superior, but that in the second set of engagements, in 1522, Chinese artillery played a significant role, causing significant damage to the Portuguese. If there was still a gap in 1522, it was much smaller. Thus, the Sino-Portuguese conflict is less interesting for what it tells us about the “military balance” than for what it tells us about military change. When we discuss military balances, we tend to forget how swiftly they could shift, how rapidly adaptations could take hold. Indeed, historians should take a wider perspective on the military revolution: it was not a process that simply occurred in Europe and provided an edge to Europeans abroad. It was, rather, a global process of intermixture and adaptation. In the case of China, the rapid adoption of western artillery may have started around the time of the Sino-Portuguese Conflict, but it continued through the ensuing decades, as the Ming redesigned Portuguese-style guns and adapted them to their own needs until the only thing western about them was their name: Frankish guns.
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Maksymova, Oksana B., Viktor O. Boltyonkov, Maksym V. Maksymov, Pavlo S. Gultsov, and Oleksii M. Maksymov. "Development and optimization of simulation models and methods for controlling virtual artillery units in game scenarios." Herald of Advanced Information Technology 6, no. 4 (December 19, 2023): 320–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/hait.06.2023.21.
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In the realm of modern video game development, special attention is given to the simulation of artillery systems, which play a crucial role in various military-themed games. This research presents a mathematical model for simulating the actions of a virtual artillery system. The model is designed to manage the execution of combat tasks, including targeting destruction with a specified number of shells and incorporating the strategic movement between firing positions to minimize detection and attack by enemy forces in the game. The model presumes that all shots are effective and equates the number of firing positions to the number of shots, with a minimum of one shot per position. The model's dynamics do not allow for returning to previous positions, adding a layer of complexity and realism to the gameplay. Movement simulations between positions are designed along virtual roads of varying quality, enhancing the strategic elements of the game. A method for determining the optimal strategy for the artillery system's actions has been developed, introducing the concept of the current structure of combat task execution. This problem-solving approach falls within the realm of Pareto-oriented tasks or dynamic programming challenges. The computational method of the model is based on a general algorithm, underpinned by specialized additional algorithms. Results from this model demonstrate the feasibility of completing combat tasks effectively, with a maximum of two shots per firing position. The research differentiates between defensive and offensive tactics in gameplay, suggesting that while a strategy involving ten shots per target aligns with defensive gameplay, a strategy with four shots per target aligns with offensive actions. Consequently, the "shot-and-scoot" tactic in an offensive context can be aptly termed as “hid-and-shot”.
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West, Michael. "Spenser's Art of War: Chivalric Allegory, Military Technology, and the Elizabethan Mock-Heroic Sensibility." Renaissance Quarterly 41, no. 4 (1988): 654–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2861885.
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In the medieval romances single combat was the knightly norm. The Italian chivalric epics sought to adapt this convention to the ideals of the Renaissance courtier. In Il Cortegiano, Frederico Fregoso explains “that where the Courtyer is at skirmishe, or assault, or battaile upon the land, or in such other places of enterprise, he ought to worke the matter wisely in seperating himself from the multitude, and undertake his notable and bould feates which he hath to doe, with as little company as he can.“’ But such displays of panache had little place in the massed infantry tactics that dominated the actual battlefields of the sixteenth century. It was disciplined self-restraint that made the Swiss and Spanish pike phalanxes so formidable, relegating cavalry to secondary importance. The Italian courtierknights had been rudely humbled, after all, when Charles XII invaded Italy in 1494 and deployed his excellent artillery.
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Kambouris, Manousos, Antonis Aliades, George Hliopoulos, and Spyros Bakas. "Drill and Tactics of Epameinondas’s Theban Phalanx in the Second Battle of Mantineia 362 BC." Arheologija i prirodne nauke 10 (2014): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/arhe_apn.2014.10.7.
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Webb, Heather E., David R. McMinn, Ryan S. Garten, Jamie L. Beckman, Gary H. Kamimori, and Edmund O. Acevedo. "Cardiorespiratory responses of firefighters to a computerized fire strategies and tactics drill during physical activity." Applied Ergonomics 41, no. 3 (May 2010): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2009.08.003.
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Magina, Livia, and Adrian Magina. "Inventarul armamentului cetatii Deva in anul 1640." Banatica 1, no. 33 (2023): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56177/banatica.33.1.2023.art.17.
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An inventory from 1640, published in this study, describes in detail the number of war instruments in the fortress of Deva. The inventory was made at the sale of the Deva estate by Lady Maria Széchy to Prince George I Rákóczy. So far only one such document was known, completed on 30 November 1640 and published by historian Endre Veress. However, the present inventory precedes it by one month, having been made by the archivists of the Alba Iulia Chapter house. The three men of the Transylvanian prince identified numerous pieces of artillery and other tools necessary for the defence of the fortification, but most of them were obsolete, sometimes a century old. Even if the weaponry was neither too modern nor too numerous, combined with the extraordinary position of the fortress it could still be an asset. The inventory of weapons of Deva offers us the possibility of investigating the military aspects of a Transylvanian fortress in the middle of the 17th century. Knowledge of military resources in that period is essential in understanding how the principality of Transylvania adapted to changes in tactics and weaponry in the early modern era.
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Munchak, Volodymyr, Oleksandr Vysikan, Oleksii Stepaniuk, and Yurii Maznychenko. "TO THE STUDY OF STRATEGIC CRUISE MISSILES X-101." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 68 (July 3, 2023): 715–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2023.68.70.
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According to existing provisions, the examination of missile weapons is a set of expert research activities aimed at studying missile and jet weapons, as well as their components (mechanisms, assemblies, etc.) and their interaction in order to obtain reliable information about the objects provided for research. The article discusses some aspects of the research of missile weapons – strategic cruise missiles X-101, the relevance of which is due to their constant use in russia. Now russia is again carrying out massive missile strikes against Ukraine with X-101/55 missiles. The occupiers have changed tactics and prefer mainly strategic cruise missiles to destroy military installations and infrastructure. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that until now there is no methodology for conducting an examination of artillery and missile weapons, and in the specialized literature there is only distinguishable data on missile weapons. Based on the generalization of the expert research practice of the Explosive Research and Research of Rocket and Artillery Weapons Department of the Military Research Laboratory of the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise, the structural features of the X-101 strategic cruise missile were determined. Considering that many experts do not have information on these missiles, the material of this article will be used in the examination of missile weapons, namely, in the identification and description of research objects. A missile weapons examination is a qualification examination, during which not only an object can be identified as a missile weapon, but it can also be determined what type or type of missile weapon the object belongs to, as well as how this weapon was manufactured. The examination of missile weapons requires special knowledge in the field of missile and jet weapons (the structure/design features and properties of weapons, the procedure for handling and using them, ammunition for them, and the consequences of using them).
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Harada, Nahoko, Hiroki Tanoue, and Yuma Aiboshi. "Nursing Can Improve Shelter Environment: Cluster Approach and the Sphere Standard Based Community Shelter Drill." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003479.
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Introduction:As Florence Nightingale stated, nursing plays a critical role in environmental management for people in sick, injured, and even good conditions. In current practice, affected people are forced to reside in the evacuation shelters for a prolonged period in Japan. Unfavorable living conditions lead to adverse physical and psychological outcomes including cardiovascular events, depression, and more. However, environment management cannot be achieved without involving the community.Aim:To initiate community into shelter environment management a multi-cluster drill was coordinated by the Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, University of Miyazaki, which appointed a director of Shelter Management for the annual nation-wide disaster drill hosted by the Cabinet Office of Japan.Methods:With the Department of Health and Pharmaceuticals, Miyazaki Prefecture, the director invited local communities and held an exhibition type disaster drill on August 4, 2018.Results:36 organizations, including prefectural and municipal crisis management departments, health care organizations, a social welfare council, Red Cross, a telecommunication company, WASH cluster organizations, and the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force participated. The director requested to develop a plan filled with tactics and techniques protecting the health of people living in the shelter. Through meetings, the organizations recognized similarities and differences in roles, responsibilities, and capacities leading to an organized inter-cluster network. Participants created and prosecuted the plan independently and the director only orchestrated and negotiated with other supporting entities. The organizations exhibited and demonstrated how residents can protect their own physical and psychological health by setting up a proper shelter environment. Direct feedback from residents to organizations resulted in an expanded local network and the organizations improving their capacities.Discussion:Shelter environment cannot be managed by nursing solely but coordination by nurses may consolidate multi-cluster aid organizations so that shelter environment management would be done by residents and local organizations.
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Jackman, Steven D. "Shoulder to Shoulder: Close Control and "Old Prussian Drill" in German Offensive Infantry Tactics, 1871-1914." Journal of Military History 68, no. 1 (2004): 73–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2003.0384.
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Johnson, James Turner. "The Ethics of Insurgency." Ethics & International Affairs 31, no. 3 (2017): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679417000259.
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In the latter half of the twentieth century, lasting memories of two world wars and astonishment over the power of nuclear weapons left both policymakers and scholars of war largely preoccupied with the possibility of a catastrophic World War III. Instead, however, the face of war since 1945 has been that of regionally limited small wars and insurgencies fought with conventional weapons. Many of these conflicts began as armed rebellions against colonial regimes, but often later evolved into armed conflicts between and among various subgroups seeking control of state government. Such conflicts have usually been asymmetrical, with the party holding the reins of state power using aircraft, artillery, and armored vehicles, while those fighting against the regime have been limited to weapons that individuals can carry, such as automatic rifles, mortars, rocket-propelled grenade launchers, and improvised weapons of various sorts. The asymmetries have also typically gone deeper, with the fighters on the former side wearing uniforms and those on the latter often not; those on the former side making use of fortified bases and those on the latter side protecting themselves by blending in with the civilian population. Further, there have frequently been asymmetries in how each side has fought, with the militarily weaker side relying on stealth tactics, deception, and attacks against nonmilitary targets of more general public value, including direct attacks on people protected as noncombatants under the laws of war. The particular range of tactics classified as terrorism begins at this point, with the specific, direct, and intentional targeting of noncombatants. Such attacks not only have been the means of choice for transnational nonstate actors, including al-Qaeda and the self-styled Islamic State, but have also been used to considerable effect in local civil wars.
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Klymovych, Volodymyr, Artur Oderov, Serhi Romanchuk, Oleh Olkhovyi, Volodymyr Andreychuk, Nataliya Muzyka, Yevhen Ishchenko, Leonid Hurman, Andrii Ladyniak, and Vadym Honshovskyi. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS ON ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS AND FUNCTIONAL DATA OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM." This bulletin of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. Physical education, Sport and Human Health, no. 24 (March 31, 2022): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-8082.2022-24.5-8.
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The problem of quality training of officers of artillery units of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine at the present stage of development of military equipment, tactics and operational art requires future officers not only a high level of professional training, but also the most effective development of physical and psychological qualities. Ensuring compliance with the appropriate level of professional readiness in conditions of high motor activity in combat situations and in stressful situations. Steady increase in the role and expansion of the range of tasks to be solved during enemy fire destruction, significant increase in firepower of means of destruction (range and accuracy, rapid fire, ammunition power) increases the requirements for professional training of artillery commanders. In peacetime and wartime, the military-professional activity of officers of JI ground artillery units is to develop standards for combat operations and conduct combat shootings, which requires constant maintenance of comprehensive training. Today’s educational process in the walls of higher military educational institutions urgently needs to be reformatted and practical professional and applied orientation of all its components to the new mode of study, conditions of military service, recreation, psychological and physical stress of cadets. This is accompanied by the adaptation of the youth organism to innovations, will affect the level of physical development and physical condition of future military professionals, which was a generating factor in the detailed study of this aspect. The purpose of our study is to determine the effectiveness of the targeted impact of experimental technology for the acquisition of military-applied motor skills on anthropometric indicators and functional data of the cardiovascular system of cadets. Material. Within the framework of functioning of the system of physical training of higher military educational institutions a four-year educational pedagogical experiment with the application of directed technology for acquiring applied motor skills has been carried out. According to the results of approbation of the author’s technology, the representatives of the experimental group (n=23) showed a positive (p<0,05 and p<0,001) positive dynamics of the parameters of the cardiovascular system, a more favorable reaction of their organism to the conditions of study at the higher military school and higher functional readiness to further professional activity. Results. According to the results of experimental studies with the directed application of experimental methodological influence in the form of targeted technology for the acquisition of military-applied motor skills revealed positive dynamics of functional indicators of the cardiovascular system in EG: heart rate at rest - 8.69 beats / min (11.76 % at t=4.73); systolic blood pressure – 2.61 mm Hg (2.21% at t=1.72); diastolic blood pressure - 3.26 mm Hg (4.17% at t=2.23).
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Hall, Mary T. "MacArthur’s need for speed: Why Fuller was fired at Biak." Open Military Studies 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openms-2022-0121.
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Abstract The US campaign for Biak in 1944 was one of the most challenging, albeit little known, operations of the Pacific war. Major General Horace Fuller’s HURRICANE Task Force faced a tenacious enemy determined to hold the island’s three airfields at all costs. Grossly underestimating the number of Japanese defenders on Biak, MacArthur and Kreuger allocated Fuller only two regimental combat teams for the initial invasion in May 1944. Once ashore, the US troops encountered a shift in Japanese tactics from defending at the water’s edge to using inland fukkaku, honeycombed underground defensive positions that masked Japanese troops and artillery. When the task force failed to deliver the airfields as quickly as desired by General Douglas MacArthur, Lieutenant General Walter Krueger relieved Fuller as task force commander and replaced him with Lieutenant General Robert Eichelberger. This article contends that Krueger did not have good cause to relieve Fuller; rather, he simply did so to placate MacArthur, who, for a multitude of reasons, pressured Krueger for a fast victory. I assess flaws in the planning and execution of the operation, MacArthur’s motives, and personality dynamics between MacArthur and Krueger to support my conclusion that Fuller was ultimately a victim of MacArthur’s impatience.
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Root-Bernstein, Meredith. "Why Do Birds False Alarm Flight?" Birds 3, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds3010002.
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False alarm flighting in avian flocks is common, and has been explained as a maladaptive information cascade. If false alarm flighting is maladaptive per se, then its frequency can only be explained by it being net adaptive in relation to some other benefit or equilibrium. However, I argue that natural selection cannot distinguish between false and true alarm flights that have similar energetic costs, opportunity costs, and outcomes. False alarm flighting cannot be maladaptive if natural selection cannot perceive the difference between true and false alarm flighting. Rather, the question to answer is what false and true alarm flighting both have in common that is adaptive per se. The fire drill hypothesis of alarm flighting posits that false alarm flights are an adaptive investment in practicing escape. The fire drill hypothesis predicts that all individuals can benefit from practicing escape, particularly juveniles. Flighting practice could improve recognition of and response time to alarm flighting signals, could compensate for inter-individual and within-day weight differences, and could aid the development of adaptive escape tactics. Mixed-age flocks with many juveniles are expected to false alarm flight more than adult flocks. Flocks that inhabit complex terrain should gain less from escape practice and should false alarm flight less. Behavioural ecology framings can be fruitfully complemented by other research traditions of learning and behaviour that are more focused on maturation and motor learning processes.
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Korzhyk, V. P. "THE ROADS OF MILITARY EVENTS: BUKOVINA, XIV—XVIII CENTURIES." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 26, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.01.16.
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The presence of communication, their density, quality, parameters to a large extent determine the strategy, logistics, tactics and overall success of military conflict resolution. On the territory of Bukovina, which is marked by an intensely dissected topography and a high degree of afforestation, the road network adapted to these difficult conditions. It played a decisive role in the implementation of the historical-geographical process in its belligerative format. From this position military conflicts signifying for Bukovyna were analyzed.
The battle in the Kozmin forest (October 1497) between Poland (Jan Olbright) and Moldova (Stefan the Great) (Chernivtsi region, Glybotsky district) is very interesting for military history. Due to the high level of forestness of the territory and a small number of roads, the battle took place along the main road at a distance of 20—22 km. For those times it became a unique phenomenon. The tactics of the forest ambush allowed a much smaller Moldovian army (a maximum of 16—17 thousand people) to achieve significant success in a short time.
Was destroyed more than half of the living force of the enemy, captured several thousand Poles, seized all the siege technology, artillery, column, carriage of the king. As a result, from 50—60 thousand Polish troops returned home only a dozen of personal guards of the king.
In October 1685, fighting near the villages of Boyany — Raranche (Novoselytsya district) took place between the troops of the Polish crown hetman Jan Jablonowski (30000 soldiers) and the Turkish-Tatar-Moldovian coalition (about 140 thousand soldiers). The commander, who was pressed to the forested hills of Khotyn highland, had to look for ways to retreat by forest roads. Due to their small quantity and poor condition, carrying out rearguard battles, he managed to save the army from defeat. The author supposed 3 options for choosing a retreat path. Now is necessary to determine the actual road with additional research using a metal detector.
In November 1691, near the village of Ropcha (Storozhynets district), after leaving Moldova, the army of Jan Sobieski, on the only one old transit route here, fell on a three-day snow storm. Non combat losses was more than 50 % soldiers, 100 % ammunition, artillery, many horses and carts. The reason is in a small number of dwellings near this road and in the absence of feed.
In 1739, during the Russo-Turkish War, the Russian army under General von Münnich in the territory of the Khotyn Hill unexpectedly and illogically used the difficult path for maneuvering across forests between the villages Zhuchka and Raranche. As a result of the two subsequent battles, the Turkish Army was broken up.
Thus, the historical geographic analysis on the principle of reflection gives the excellent opportunity to identify the nature and course of military events, exploring the network of ancient routes.
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Nemtsev, A. D. "The Feat of the Gunners of the 3rd Fighter Brigade in Defensive Battles on the Northern Face of the Kursk Bulge." Proceedings of Southwest State University. Series: History and Law 14, no. 1 (March 14, 2024): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2024-14-1-146-158.
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Relevance lies in the need to preserve the historical truth about the events of the Great Patriotic War and one of its most important battles – the Battle of Kursk. Despite the significant historiographical groundwork, the generalization of the experience of fighting in the defense zone of the Central Front troops continues to be actively developed. The retrospective factography of participation in the battles of individual units and formations requires further clarification, researchers should pay attention to the restoration of the destinies and names of the heroes of the summer battles of 1943. Whose example continues to inspire the exploits of modern defenders of the Fatherland.Purpose. On the basis of documentary sources from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, to reveal the specifics of the organization of defensive battles at Teplov heights by the forces of the gunners of the 3rd fighter brigade.Objectives: to identify and study archival materials about the defensive battles of the 3rd Fighter Brigade on the northern face of the Kursk Bulge; to note the role of gunners in deterring the offensive of German troops on July 5-12, 1943; to determine the behavior of individual servicemen who distinguished themselves during the summer battles, to characterize the problems of establishing their destinies.Methodology. During the research, the author adhered to the principles of objectivity and historicism. The information revealed in the sources was systematized and analyzed, allowing to reveal the problems of using artillery in defensive battles during the Battle of Kursk.Results. The generalization of the experience of combat operations of the 3rd Fighter Brigade during defensive battles on the northern face of the Kursk Bulge indicates a well-thought-out and successfully implemented tactics of using individual artillery units in the organization of anti-tank defense.Conclusion. An example of the courage and bravery of the soldiers of the 3rd fighter Brigade during the battles at Teplovsky Heights testifies to their high moral and volitional qualities, as well as the rational alignment of forces and means at the occupied defense lines, which ensured the successful fulfillment of the combat tasks assigned to the gunners.
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Shrestha, Bishal, Pritam Gurung, Jessica Kayastha, Aditi Agarwal, Resha Shrestha, Samir Acharya, Sudan Dhakal, Pravesh Rajbhandari, Pranaya Shrestha, and Basant Pant. "An eminent rendezvous with a series of cranial vault remodeling for Craniosynostosis." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 19, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v19i2.42999.
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In defiance with the meager tally of craniosynostosis, the surgical treatment of non syndromic craniosynostosis is one of the most common stratagem detained by craniofacial surgeon. By dint of the onerous anatomy secondary to the imperfection in embryogenesis, a long haul of drill is required to obtain perfection in surgical sequel.1
With the advancement in neurosurgical gadgetry and improvement in agility of neurosurgical authority, a multitude of strategy has evolved over time with the eminent intent to bring forth the supreme aftermath.
Browsing through the archives of craniofacial reconstruction discloses vault remodeling techniques evolving over time with disparate modification tactics to the inception of state-of-the-art strategies like endoscopic suturectomy, spring treatment and cranial vault distraction osteogenesis.2
Regardless of all these alternatives, we still resort to the standard cranial vault remodeling with a fairly approving outcome. We herein attempt to disclose our result of vault remodeling in a series of patients with craniosynostosis.
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Lurin, I. A., I. P. Khomenko, E. M. Khoroshun, V. V. Nehoduiko, S. V. Tertyshnyi, O. V. Kosynskyi, D. L. Buzmakov, and B. Weiss. "A clinical case of using the concept of monitoring in the treatment of a gunshot defect of the soft tissues of the knee joint." Medicni perspektivi 28, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2023.2.283427.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid rehabilitation and restoration of the function of damaged anatomical areas in the military is the main goal of military medicine. In the case of gunshot wounds of the knee joint with defects of soft tissues, one of the optional methods of reconstructive and plastic "closure" is the usage of a propeller flap. The clinical case represents a mine-explosive wound of the lower extremities with a defect of the soft tissues of the lateral aspect of the right knee joint in a serviceman of the Ukrainian Armed Forces as a result of artillery shelling in the east of Ukraine in November 2022. There was an isolated shrapnel tangential non-penetrating wound on the lateral aspect of the right knee joint with a soft tissue defect measuring 7.2x3.2-1.0 cm. The aim of the work was to study the thermographic and sonographic features of soft tissue perfusion after gunshot injuries of the lower extremities and on the basis of the temperature dynamics data from the wound surface in combination with the sonographic examination of the vessels to determine the rationality and relevance in the reconstruction of defects of the lower extremities by propeller tactics. Reconstruction with flap with a perforating vessel as the "key" of LSGA (lateral superior genicular artery) and a dynamic multimodal concept (DMT) with the use of audio doppler in the pre-, intra- and postoperative period) with closure of the defect due to a rotary perforating flap with supplying was carried out. During the entire period of treatment, of the injured the temperature background from the surface of the flap was followed up using FLIR C2, and sonographic changes in blood flow were monitored in the projection of the LSGA location. We came to the conclusion that applying the technique of flaps on perforating vessels, several goals are tactically achieved: restoration of the completeness and function of the damaged area, reduction of complications in the recipient and donor areas. Thus, the propeller flap can be classified as a primary option for "replacemen t" of tissues among the restorative tactics of the damaged area of the lower extremities caused by a gunshot origin.
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Tanner, Harold M. "Learning Through Practice." Journal of Chinese Military History 3, no. 1 (May 14, 2014): 3–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341259.
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Abstract American scholars of Chinese history have generally explained the outcome of China’s civil war (1945-1949) by reference to social, economic, and political factors rather than by looking at the conduct of the war itself. Recently, military historians have begun to shift the focus to Communist strategy and operations. However, the question of how the Chinese Communist forces made the transition from guerrilla to conventional warfare has still not received sufficient attention. Using Mao Zedong’s theories of guerrilla warfare and Peter Senge’s model of the “learning organization” to analyze Lin Biao’s conduct of the war against the Nationalists in China’s Northeast (Manchuria), we can better understand how the Northeast People’s Liberation Army transformed itself from a force characterized by “guerrilla-ism” to the powerful army capable of defeating Jiang Jieshi’s best troops. The Communists performed poorly when they first encountered American-trained Nationalist units in the Northeast. Lin Biao and his staff responded to defeat by devising principles of tactics which they applied in a series of campaigns beginning with the “Three Expeditions/Four Defenses” (winter 1946-47). The Communist forces continued to derive lessons from their experience and to incorporate those lessons into programs of education and training. As a result, they made great strides forward in terms of the coordination of infantry, artillery, and armor in order to be able to pull off a conventional combined arms operation on the scale of the Liao-Shen Campaign. The Communist forces would bring these strengths with them when they entered the Korean War in 1950.
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Korav, Santosh, Gandhamanagenahalli A. Rajanna, Dharam Bir Yadav, Venkatesh Paramesha, Chandra Mohan Mehta, Prakash Kumar Jha, Surendra Singh, and Shikha Singh. "Impacts of Mechanized Crop Residue Management on Rice-Wheat Cropping System—A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 15641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315641.
Full textAbstract:
Residue management has become a new challenge for Indian agriculture and agricultural growth, as well as environmental preservation. The rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is predominantly followed cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP), resulting in generating a large volume of agricultural residue. Annually, India produces 620 MT of crop residue, with rice and wheat accounting for 234 MT of the surplus and 30% of the total. Farmers are resorting to burning crop residue due to the short window between paddy harvest and seeding of rabi season crops, namely wheat, potato, and vegetables, for speedy field preparation. Burning of residues pollutes the environment, thus having adverse effects on human and animal health, as well as resulted in a loss of plant important elements. This problem is particularly prevalent in rice-wheat-dominant states such as Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh. If we may use in situ management as residue retention after chopper and spreader, sowing wheat with Happy seeder/zero drill/special drill with full residue load, full residue, or full residue load incorporation with conventional tillage, burning is not the sole approach for residue management. In addition, off-farm residues generated are being utilized for animal feed and raw materials for industries. While there are regional variations in many mechanization drivers and needs, a wide range of mechanization components can be transported to new places to fit local conditions. This article focuses on innovations, methods, and tactics that are relevant to various mechanization systems in particular geographical areas. This article also stresses the need for a thorough analysis of the amount of residue generated, residue utilization using modern mechanical equipment, and their positive and negative effects on crop yield and yield attributes, weed diversity, soil physic-chemical, biological properties, beneficial, and harmful nematode populations in the IGP, which will aid researchers and policymakers in farming research priorities and policy for ensuring sustainability in RWCS.
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Dubman, E. L. "Features of construction of fortification in the forest-steppe Zavolzhie region of the first third of the XVIII century." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 27, no. 2 (August 6, 2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2021-27-2-17-26.
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The article examines the significant changes observed in the early decades of the 18th century. during the construction and use of defensive systems on the southern and southeastern borders of European Russia. The question of how the new fortification theories and technologies, adopted from Western Europe, turned out to be suitable for the natural and geographical conditions of our country and for successfully resisting the attacks of nomads, was studied. An analysis of historiography of Russian defensive architecture that has developed to date, has made it possible to obtain fairly complete answers on the issues under consideration. For a special study of individual aspects of the topic, published and archival documents from the central archives were used. The revealed materials on the design and construction of the New Zakamskaya line allow us to conclude that the leadership of the Military Collegium and the Office of the main artillery and fortification tightly controlled the projects prepared in the borderlands, the proposed routes of the defensive lines. It paid particular attention to checking the provision of fortifications to them, as well as to the use of standard samples of such fortifications prepared in the Office. At the same time, the commanders and engineers of the expeditions involved in the construction of lines and the deployment of the Landmilitia regiments on them showed a certain independence in all these matters. A study of the activities of the leadership of the Zakamsk expedition shows that they often entered into disputes with their higher authorities and often emerged victorious from them. During the period under review, Western European concepts of fortification were fundamental. It was they who were guided in the Military Collegium and the Chancellery of the main artillery and fortification. However, officers and engineers working in the borderlands were well acquainted with the peculiarities of military threats from the nomads, the strategy and tactics of their attacks. During the design and construction work, they showed common sense and knowledge of the basics of military engineering. This was most evident during construction in the first half of the 1730-ies of New Zakamskaya Line, which was later replaced by Samaraskaya line. The transitional period in the defensive architecture of the forest-steppe borderland ends in the 1730-ies. At this time, there was a gradual adaptation of Western fortification approaches to Russian realities. The transition from continuous systems of fortifications to live lines becomes obvious. Their builders are increasingly using various, applied to the peculiarities of the terrain and natural conditions, methods of erecting defensive structures. However, even in the middle second half of the century, when creating defensive lines, the "rational-geometric principle" prevailed, which corresponded to the Western European principles of fortification.
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Sribnyak, Ihor, and Maryna Paliienko. "JOINT CADET SCHOOL OF THE UPR ARMY IN THE FINAL STAGE OF ITS FUNCTIONING IN POLAND (1922–1924)." European Historical Studies, no. 20 (2021): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.20.8.
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The activity of the Joint Cadet School (JCS) in the camps of the interned military forces of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (URP) appears to be an outstanding example of self-sacrifice and devotion to duty among the majority of cadets and officers. Despite all difficulties of existence in camps along with resettlements, a lack of resources, funds, and facilities necessary for JCS proper functioning, cadets’ vocational training, and their national awareness had never ceased. Thanks to teachers’ endeavors, cadets acquired in-depth knowledge on special (tactics, artillery, fortification, military administration, etc.), as well as general education courses (history and geography of Ukraine, military history, jurisprudence, the Ukrainian and foreign languages, and so forth). Importantly, JCS students on service and off-duty spoke Ukrainian as a matter of principle and fought as best as they could against the dominance of the Russian language in camps. In the circumstances of JCS chronic underfunding, it’s almost sole source for humanitarian aid was financial contributions and gifts from benefactors who acted as Ukrainian charitable and non-governmental organizations, as well as individuals. Their support did not cover all JCS officers’ and cadets’ needs, but thanks to these payments, its permanent personnel had a possibility to teach while cadets had an opportunity to study. Consequently, the Joint Cadet School ceaselessly continued cadet training resulting in four class graduation of young officers (in total, 259 standard-bearers), thus, making its honorable contribution in the enlargement of the UPR Army officer corps. Each of the JCS graduates had a destiny of his own, but solid foundations of statehood awareness in terms of independent Ukraine’s needs decisively impacted the majority of them, determining the rest of their lives and activity.
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Maliutina, O. K., and K. Z. Maliutin. "The tragedy of the South-Western Front: Kyiv disaster of 1941." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 99, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2022.4.05.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most terrible and difficult to understand pages of the Second World War history is the death of the Red Army South-Western Front in the second half of September 1941. An attempt has been made to answer the question why the largest group of Soviet troops (the South-Western Front), not inferior to Army Group “South” in number and having a complete advantage in tanks, aviation and artillery, was defeated in defensive battles and encircled. The largest was the “cauldron” near Kyiv. The Red Army suffered gigantic losses: 665,000 soldiers and officers, the entire material and technical base of the front ended up in the Kiev “cauldron”. After the defeat near Kyiv, the way to Eastern Ukraine, Azov and Donbas was open. Scientific analysis of the events and understanding of the causes of the Kyiv disaster of 1941, their generalized, comprehensive assessment are relevant for the study of modern military history.
There were many reasons for the tragedy of the South-Western Front. Among the main ones, the following have been highlighted: incorrect assessment of Germany’s strategic priorities at the initial stage of the war; unpreparedness for a defensive war on one’s own territory; the advantage of the enemy in the tactics of fighting; lack of coordination of actions between military branches; loss of command of troops at all levels, from the General Staff to corps and division commanders; wrong personnel policy, as a result of which unprofessional persons who met the “main” criterion, such as personal loyalty to Stalin, came to the leadership of the Red Army; gross mistakes of the command, incompetence and voluntarism in setting tasks on the part of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command (the highest military leadership of the country), etc.
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Tuśnio, Norbert, and Paweł Wolny. "New techniques and a new approach to the effective extinguishing of fully developed fires in enclosed spaces." Internal Security 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/20805268.1231596.
Full textAbstract:
An example of modern water mist extinguishing technology is presented in the article. Water mist systems are firefighting systems which uses very fine water sprays. The smallest water droplets allow a water mist to control, suppress or extinguish fires by cooling both the flame and hot gases by evaporation, displacing oxygen by evaporation and reducing radiant heat through the small droplets themselves. The effectiveness of water mist systems in fire suppression depends on its spray characteristics, which include the droplet size and distribution, flux density and spray dynamics, phase of fire development, fire size and the ventilation conditions. The COBRA (known as PyroLance in USA) systems presented use of a cutting extinguisher is a fire extinguishing technique that combines abrasive waterjet cutting with water spray extinguishing, through a single handpiece or nozzle. The firefighter approaches the fire from outside the main fire area, then uses the cutting action to drill a small hole through a barrier such as a door, wall, roof or floor. Switching to a water spray then allows the fire to be fought, as with a conventional fog nozzle. An analysis of the benefits of using high-pressure water mist in conjunction with new firefighting tactics is described. State Fire Service should aim to minimize water consumption and thus reduce the post-fire losses, take care of environmental protection and improve safety conditions for firefighters.
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Джалалов, М. Н., С. В. Бутнік, and І. В. Говоруха. "ANALYSIS OF DIRECT LOSSES AND TASKS OF RESTORING FIXED RESOURCES DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF HOSTILITIES IN UKRAINE." Building production, no. 74 (May 22, 2023): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36750/2524-2555.74.25-29.
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he article is devoted to the analysis of the assessment of direct losses for the restoration of fixed resources destroyed and damaged as a result of hostilities. The analysis and assessment of direct physical damage was carried out according to the data of open sources of information on the situation of damaged real estate objects. The distribution and evaluation of direct losses of the number of destroyed and damaged objects are investigated. The assessment methodology involves the use of indirect methods, statistical data and certain assumptions, in particular regarding the amount of damage in territories where active hostilities are still ongoing, the physical examination of which is limited due to danger (for example, mining of territories), or which are in the territories occupied by the aggressor. Examples of restored housing stock on the example of Kharkov are given.Analysis of the data shows that active rocket and artillery attacks on cities, as part of the tactics of warfare, lead to massive destruction of housing in cities, especially those that are near or on the front line. According to preliminary estimates, as a result of the fighting of the Russian Federation, a significant number of cities and towns are damaged or destroyed, more than 50% of the total housing stock. This creates the need not only for the reconstruction of individual buildings, but also for the comprehensive reconstruction of cities, the development of new urban planning documentation, etc.Statistical analysis shows that the housing stock of those regions that were under occupation or in unabated proximity to the front line suffered the greatest destruction. At the same time, the receipt of information about the actual (compared to the previous assessment) state of damage to objects in the liberated and controlled territories of Ukraine is used as an instruction to clarify assumptions about the level of damage and the volume of destruction. The final assessment of the amount of damage and destruction is possible only after the end of hostilities in Ukraine.The article provides a nomenclature of the order of work on the dismantling of destroyed buildings and structures, the sequence of decisions necessary to conduct a survey of damaged housing facilities, namely apartment buildings.
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Reimer, P. D., A. Lamarche, and E. H. Owens. "AUTOMATED SHORELINE OILING DATA GENERATION FOR SPILL DRILLS AND SCENARIOS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-905.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Realism during drills and exercises is sometimes difficult to achieve. A new technique to quickly and easily create data on “oiled shorelines” also generates displays that can be viewed on Google Earth™. Shoreline surveys are a fundamental aspect of any spill response and the data generated by these field surveys forms the basis for decisions by the spill management team regarding operational strategies, treatment tactics, and treatment end points. During an actual spill event these data are collected by field teams that survey the affected area and generate reports that are entered into a data management system. Oil spill drills and scenario exercises are a practical method to evaluate response functionality, train personnel and maintain readiness for both private sector organizations and regulatory agencies. Teams can be assembled, oil trajectories simulated, and all of the response decisions practiced. The one factor typically that is missing is actual oiled shoreline data to drive the decision process. Generation of this shoreline oiling data can be time consuming and require a level of effort that may not be considered warranted in terms of time and cost. A simple and rapid technique has been developed to create detailed and realistic oiling conditions on shorelines to address this deficiency. The data that is generated includes length, width, distribution, and thickness of oil within a selected tidal zone or zones; all of the typical SCAT data. This data can be easily transferred to GIS and database systems to generate the reports required by the management team and to track simulated cleanup activities. A similar application is to generate data for scenarios that commonly are included in oil spill response or contingency plans. This technique was used successfully during a major spill drill in Prince William Sound Alaska in May, 2007.
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Korres, Nicholas E., Jason K. Norsworthy, Andy Mauromoustakos, and Martin M. Williams. "Soybean density and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) establishment time: effects on weed biology, crop yield, and economic returns." Weed Science 68, no. 5 (June 2, 2020): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2020.41.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractKnowledge of crop–weed interference effects on weed biology along with yield penalties can be used for the development of integrated weed management (IWM) tactics. Nevertheless, little is known about the beneficial effects of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] density, an important aspect of IWM, on late Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) establishment time. Two field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 to investigate how various soybean densities and A. palmeri establishment timings in weeks after crop emergence (WAE) affect height, biomass, and seed production of the weed but also crop yield in drill-seeded soybean. Soybean density had a significant impact on dry weight and seed production of A. palmeri that established within the first 2 wk of crop emergence, but not for establishment timings of the weed 4 wk and later in relation to crop emergence. Differential performance of A. palmeri gender was observed, regarding greater biomass production of female than male plants under crop presence, and merits further investigation. Grain yield reductions were recorded at earlier A. palmeri establishment timings (i.e., 0 and 1 WAE) compared with 8 WAE establishment timing in 2014 and 2015. High soybean densities resulted in greater soybean yields compared with low soybean density, but no grain yield benefits were observed between medium and high soybean densities. Crop budget analysis revealed the benefits of moderate seeding rate (i.e., 250, 000 seeds ha−1) increases in comparison to lower (i.e., 125,000 seeds ha−1) or high (i.e., 400,000 seeds ha−1) on crop revenue, net income returns, and breakeven price. Earlier A. palmeri establishment timings (i.e., 0, 1, and 2 WAE) resulted in lower crop revenue and net income returns compared with later establishment timings of the weed.