Dissertations / Theses: 'Artisanal fishery'

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Wakeford, Robert Charles. "Management of the Seychelles artisanal fishery." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11294.

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Mvula, Peter Mathias. "Fluctuating fisheries and rural livelihoods at Lake Malawi." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247115.

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This research investigates the livelihoods of artisanal fishing families at Lake Malawi. The key research question that it addresses is how artisanal fishers adapt their behaviour to cope with fluctuations in fish availability that occur naturally, i. e. that do not occur primarily as the outcome of human fishing behaviour. In Lake Malawi two such fish species, usipa and utaka, exhibit considerable spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability. These species are also by far the most important for the artisanal fishery. Fluctuating fisheries pose special challenges for livelihoods and fisheries management. For livelihoods they imply big seasonal variations in the ability of families to rely on fishing as a primary livelihood component, and they make fishing-based livelihoods insecure and risky. For fisheries management, they pose the problem that the true status of the resource is almost impossible to measure, with apparent risks in both directions: that overly restrictive management will result in an unexploited resource that could have made a greater contribution to the livelihoods of poor people and to the nutritional status of the population of Malawi more generally; or that overly lax management will result in a depletion of the resource beyond its sustainable yield. The research shows that fishers adapt to the fluctuating fish stocks in two main ways. One way is to specialise mainly in fishing but to emphasise mobility, so that short and medium term movements around the lake are made in pursuit of the resource. The other way is to maintain diverse livelihoods, combining fishing with farming and other non-farm income generating activities. There are, of course, also intermediate cases between these two opposing poles. The research demonstrates that migration for fishing purposes brings benefits both to migrants and resident communities. While for the migrants it is important to be allowed to settle for varying periods at different lakeshore beaches and villages; for residents the presence of the mobile fishers brings an increase of cash into circulation, the arrival of fish traders, the ability to open shops and bars to service this increased activity, and more buoyant markets for locally produced commodities. There are thus important income and employment benefits for resident communities that result from the behaviour of fishing migrants. At Lake Malawi, migrant fishermen tend to be from the Tonga ethnic group from the north of the country, and they generally differ in ethnicity from the resident communities where they take up temporary settlement. Fisheries policy in Malawi has been moving away from a top-down regulation by the Fisheries Department towards the idea of community management of fisheries. The argument is that if fishing communities are given their own powers to enforce regulations, within a participatory framework, then community self-interest will ensure that regulations are properly policed. This idea involves establishing territoriality over areas of the lake, so that "beach village committees" (BVCs) have regulatory powers over the lake areasa djacentt o villages. The researchd emonstratesth at there are many flaws in this concept in the case of Lake Malawi: BVCs are dominated by part-time fishing or non-fishing residents, migrants are excluded, territoriality is nonsensical for a mobile resource, and previously successful reciprocal relationships and other complex adaptive strategies are weakened and disrupted. The artisanal fishery in Malawi is opportunistic; it adapts to fluctuations either by ceasing to fish or by moving to other fishing grounds. It is argued that this sort of fishing requires minimal management, in which mobility and diversity are recognised and encouraged. If indeed there is a threat to the resource, it is rather the large scale commercial sector comprising a few trawlers of immense capacity relative to the yield potential of the Lake that pose that threat. There is an unequivocal need to monitor and regulate the catch volumes of this sector. For the artisanal fishery, however, a low key, flexible and resilient management approach is suggested; one that builds on the strengths of existing patterns of behaviour rather than seeking to change and undermine them.

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Coe, Clara de Melo. "Activity evaluation of fishing in the community of artisanal fishery BitupitÃ, Barroquinha - CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17256.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Fishing plays an important socio-economic role in the employment of labor, work, income generation and food supply for the population, especially for small coastal communities of CearÃ State, Brazil. The research aimed to characterize artisanal fisheries held in BitupitÃ, municipality of Barroquinha, CearÃ and identify the socioeconomic profile of employees. They interviewed 128 fishermen and 22 professionals involved in this fishing community. These were questioned on socioeconomic issues and issues related to fishing. The results of the interviews showed that 59% of BitupitÃ fishermen practice fishing in "curral" and 41% carries the hand-line fishing. The main species caught in the region are: âSerra Spanish mackerelâ (Scomberomorus brasiliensis), Sardines (Opisthonema oglinum), âAtlantic bumperâ (Chloroscombrus chrysurus), âTarponâ (Megalops atlanticus), âBigeye trevallyâ (Caranx sp.), Sword (Trichiurus lepturus) and Lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris). All fishermen interviewed were male with ages ranging from 15 to 65 years old. They declared themselves as professional fishers, but also worked as masons or vigilantes certain times of the year. According to theirs answers, they have low levels of education and incomes are lower than the minimum wage. It was reported that using gear and fishing practices that may be considered unsustainable, but that they use said its happens because of lack of alternative. However, they demonstrated knowledge about the tools which can do some damage to fish and thus prejudice the fishery. The production chain proved to be disorganized, with whether or no evidence of collaboration between its links. A SOWT matrix was drawn up based on the data collected where it was possible to identify the main forces of activity as the presence of highly experienced professionals, plenty of potential and raw material for large investments in fish marketing infrastructure. And the negatives as the failure of fisheries use, overfishing and the misuse and degradation of natural resources.
A pesca tem um importante papel socioeconÃmico no emprego de mÃo-de-obra, geraÃÃo de renda e oferta de alimentos para a populaÃÃo, especialmente para as pequenas comunidades litorÃneas do estado do CearÃ, Brasil. A pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar a pesca artesanal realizada em BitupitÃ, municÃpio de Barroquinha, CearÃ e identificar o perfil socioeconÃmico dos trabalhadores. Foram entrevistados 128 pescadores e 22 profissionais ligados Ã pesca dessa comunidade. Estes entrevistados foram abordados com questÃes socioeconÃmicas e questÃes relativas a atividade pesqueira. Os resultados das entrevistas mostraram que 59% dos pescadores de BitupitÃ praticam a pesca de âcurralâ e 41% realiza a pesca de linha-de-mÃo. As principais espÃcies capturadas na regiÃo sÃo Serra (Scomberomorus brasiliensis), Sardinha (Opisthonema oglinum), Palombeta (Chloroscombrus chrysurus), Camuripim (Megalops atlanticus), Garajuba (Caranx sp.), Espada (Trichiurus lepturus) e AriacÃ (Lutjanus synagris). Os pescadores entrevistados eram do sexo masculino e tinham entre 15 e 65 anos. Exerciam, segundo eles, a pesca profissional, mas atuavam tambÃm como pedreiros ou vigilantes em determinadas Ãpocas do ano. Segundo declararam, eles apresentam baixos nÃveis de escolaridade e renda inferior a um salÃrio mÃnimo. Eles informaram que utilizam apetrechos e prÃticas de pesca que podem ser consideradas insustentÃveis, mas que sÃo usados por falta de alternativa. A cadeia produtiva mostrou-se desorganizada havendo pouco ou nenhuma evidÃncia de colaboraÃÃo entre seus elos. AtravÃs dos dados coletados elaborou-se uma matriz SOWT onde foi possÃvel identificar as principais forÃas da atividade como sendo a presenÃa de profissionais bastante experientes, a abundÃncia de matÃria prima e grande potencial para investimentos nas infraestruturas de comercializaÃÃo do pescado. E os pontos negativos como sendo a insuficiÃncia do aproveitamento da pesca, a pesca predatÃria e o mau uso e degradaÃÃo dos recursos naturais.

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Brinson, Ayeisha Alba. "Incorporating Recreational and Artisanal Fishing Fleets in Atlantic Billfish Management." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/178.

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Atlantic billfish include sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), white marlin (Kajikia albida, formerly Tetrapturus albidus) and the spearfishes (Tetrapturus); these fishes are found in tropical and subtropical waters. The spearfishes include the longbill spearfish (T. pfluegeri), the Mediterranean spearfish (T. belone) and the roundscale spearfish (T. georgii). The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) is the regional fishery management organization that conducts research to determine the condition of tuna and billfish resources and supports international cooperative management. ICCAT has determined that blue marlin and white marlin are overfished; the status of sailfish and spearfish are unknown, but overfishing is thought to be occurring. Management of these resources is complicated by uncertainty in the biological models, but uncertainty about the fishers who target these resources. This dissertation studied artisanal fishing fleets that target Atlantic billfish in Venezuela and Ghana, as well as studied recreational charter boat fishing fleets in South Florida and Senegal. The information from these fleets was used to develop performance indicators that evaluate the socioeconomic performance of these fleets. An allocation model was developed to determine the optimal allocation of billfish resources among recreational and artisanal fishers in Ghana, West Africa. Finally, the issues and challenges of managing Atlantic billfish were identified as well as a possible future framework. Results indicate that performance indicators can be used to contrast fleets with different operational objectives. Fishers do produce positive fishing profits in both artisanal and recreational fleets; however, Senegalese recreational anglers are particularly sensitive to fuel costs. Results of the allocation model suggest that the artisanal sector should be allocated 95% of the quota in Ghana. There is the possibility to over-allocate quota to the recreational sector due to methodological differences in determining benefit f and the practice of catch-and-release. ICCAT's limited purview over socioeconomics was identified as the major impediment to effective billfish management. Therefore, it is recommended that the institutional structure for billfish management be modified to include socioeconomic issues, most especially strengthening the link to local institutions in fishing communities.

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Costa, Aléssio Almada da. "A Educação Ambiental como proposta crítica para práticas emancipatórias com pescadores artesanais: um estudo de caso no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, extremo sul do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2013. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/6020.

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A Educação Ambiental na sua vertente crítica serve de guia desta tese na medida em que possibilita compreender os espaços existentes e nos quais estão inseridos os trabalhadores da pesca artesanal. Construímos o movimento desse estudo a partir do método utilizado por Karl Marx, apoiado nas categorias do Materialismo Dialético, do Materialismo Histórico e da Economia Política, tendo como objetivo analisar, interpretar e compreender que contradições existem na política pública para a pesca artesanal no extremo sul do Brasil, denominada de Projeto Rede, e propor criticamente práticas criativas a partir das perspectivas emancipatórias já desenvolvidas pelos pescadores artesanais organizados numa associação de trabalhadores da pesca, a Associação de Pescadores Artesanais da Vila São Miguel (APESMI), localizada no município de Rio Grande/RS. O Projeto Rede, que é proposta do estado brasileiro, inicia em 2006 e se estende até 2012. Seu movimento ocorreu em quatro fases com diferentes coordenações: ONG, cooperativa de pescadores, e finalizando com duas fases sob coordenação de um núcleo vinculado a atividades de extensão da Universidade local (FURG). A situação de crise ambiental que focamos nesse estudo é por nós entendida como uma crise estrutural da sociedade que vive sob a ordem do capital, produzindo e se reproduzindo a partir da fetichização da mercadoria, do homem, da natureza e do dinheiro. Essa crise se reflete também na pesca, com a singularidade de que esta atividade, que envolve o trabalho humano diretamente na natureza, é fornecedora do objeto para servir às necessidades humanas. Porém, com a especificidade de serem estes, objetos e produtos do trabalho, seres vivos que se reproduzem limitadamente enquanto natureza, fato desconsiderado pela lógica imediatista do lucro, que sobreexplora o objeto da pesca, assim como o humano que dela depende para sua vivência, o trabalhador/pescador artesanal. Embora a comercialização tenha sido o objetivo descrito nos editais que o financiaram, outras atividades organizacionais de cunho político também foram realizadas, nas quais se salientam a adoção dos princípios da Economia Solidária como proposta de trabalho do projeto, e assumida pela APESMI. A participação em programas federais vinculados ao Fome Zero representou um avanço para a organização destes trabalhadores que atribuem ao trabalho socializado a possibilidade de buscarem sua emancipação, enquanto humanos, mas não sem enfrentar novos desafios. Segundo o que conseguimos apreender até o momento, das experiências vivenciadas em conjunto com os trabalhadores da pesca artesanal, a luta de classes representa a essência das contradições que emergem das práticas do Projeto Rede, comopolítica pública que se materializa por meio de uma política de editais, as quais, por sua vez, produzem outras práticas e contradições. Procuramos demonstrar algumas destas contradições que nos foi possível apreender, nas quais citamos: ser pescador / ser empresário; estado que fomenta / estado que exige; estado do capital / estado social; pescador como categoria / pescador como classe; pesca individual / pesca socializada; pescador de peixe / pescador de dinheiro.
On its critical strand, Environmental Education suits as a guide for this thesis to the extent that enables to understand the areas where the artisanal fishermen are placed. We built up the movement of this study from the method used by Karl Marx, based on the categories of the Dialectical Materialism, Historical Materialism and Political Economy. The aim is to analyze, interpretand understand that contradictions do exist in public policies so called as Net Project [Projeto Rede], for the artisanal fishery in the extreme south of Brazil, and to critically propose creative practices from emancipating perspectives already developed by the artisanal fishermen arranged in an association of fishery workers, the Association of Artisanal Fishermen from São Miguel Village (APESMI), located in the city of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State. The Net Project, which is a proposal from the Brazilian State, starts in 2006 and goes up to 2012. Its movement happened in four stages with distinct coordination: NGO, fishermen cooperative, and in the end, with two stages under the coordination of a center bound to extension activities from the local University (FURG). We perceive the situation of environmental crisis, which we focused on this study, as a structural crisis of the society living under capital order, producing and reproducing from the fetishization of the merchandise, the man, the nature and the money. That crisis is also seen in fishery, with the singularity that, such activity, which involves direct human work on nature, is a provider of the ready object to serve human needs. However, with the specificity that these objects and work products are living beings that limitedly reproduce themselves as they are nature, and that fact is disregarded by the immediate logic of the profit, which over exploits the object of fishery, as well as the human being that depends on it for his experience, the artisanal fisherman/worker. Although the marketing has been the objective described in the announcements that funded them, other organizational activities from political nature were also done, from which stands out the adoption of principles of Solidarity Economy as a work proposal of the project, and assumed by APESMI. The participation in federal programs linked to the Zero Hunger represented an advance for the organization of these workers that attribute to the socialized work a possibility of seeking their emancipation, as human beings, but not without facing new challenges. According to what we could apprehend up to now, from the trials lived together with the workers of the artisanal fishery, the struggle of the classes represents the nature of the contradictions that come from the Net Project practices, as a public policy materializing through a policy of announcements, which on the other hand, produce other practices and contradictions. We sought to show some of those contradictions that were possible to apprehend, such as: being a fisherman / being a businessman; state that promotes / state that demands; capital state / social state; fisherman as category / fisherman as class; single fishery / socialized fishery; fish fisherman / money fisherman.

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Turay, Foday. "An economic analysis of artisanal fisheries management alternatives in west Africa : the case of the marine pelagic fishery in Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306941.

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Mirera, David Oersted. "Capture-based mud crab (Scylla serrata) aquaculture and artisanal fishery in East Africa- Practical and ecological perspectives : Mud crab ecology and aquaculture." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32399.

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Mud crab Scylla serrata is a crustacean that spends most of its life cycle in the mangrove environment throughout its range. Fishery and aquaculture of this crab are significant economic activities in coastal areas in the tropics and sub-tropics because of the meat quality and nutritional value. However there is a significant shortage of information on the ecology, fishery and aquaculture of these crabs in sub-Saharan Africa. This impacts the development of a sustainable aquaculture and fishery for the benefit of coastal communities. The present study analyses various aspects of mud crab ecology, fishery, aquaculture and social economics in East Africa using multidisciplinary approaches. The results are given in seven papers based on field and laboratory studies. The study established for the first time that high intertidal mangrove back-flats constitute a key habitat for the earliest instars of S. serrata (4 -30 mm CW). It also showed that diurnal tidal migration behaviour occurs in small juveniles that migrate to sub-tidal habitats during the day, possibly due to variable predation risks. Monthly sampling of juveniles in Kenya and Tanzania indicated continuous recruitment throughout the year. The large numbers of juvenile crabs along mangrove fringes indicate that these habitats could serve as sites suitable for collection of juvenile crabs for aquaculture. However, these areas must also be managed and protected to support the recruitment to the wild crab populations. An assessment of the crab fishery indicated that artisanal crab fishers possess significant traditional knowledge mainly inherited from their parents that enabled them to exploit the resource. Such knowledge could be useful for the development of the aquaculture and in management of the fishery. Mud crab fishing was found to be a male dominated activity, and fishers on foot practiced fishing in burrows at spring low tides. Interviews indicated that the average size of marketable crabs has declined over the years and a weak management system was observed with most fishers operating without a license. Due to the knowledge required regarding the local conditions, fishers are unable to shift to new areas. Furthermore fishers and could not fish at neap tides. Such limitations provide a “natural closure” of the fishery. Also foot fishers cover fairly limited distances in their daily operations, an aspect that can be utilized to effect site-specific management for the fishery if necessary. Laboratory and field experiments indicated that cannibalistic interactions are heavily influenced both by size differences of crabs and the availability of shelter but no significant effect was found for different stocking densities. Such information is of direct importance for crab farmers in East Africa, where seed from the wild are of multiple sizes and there is a need to grade juvenile crabs and provide shelter at stocking to ensure maximum survival. Experimental studies in earthen pond and mangrove pen cultures indicated high mortality rates. Comparing growth in earthen pond and mangrove pen systems indicated that growth rates were generally high in both systems, but significantly lower in pen systems without shelter, suggesting that shelter may have a stronger effect on growth than has been previously thought. Similar to artisanal mud crab fishery, an assessment of small-scale mud crab farming by organized community groups in Kenya indicated low level of women participation. A good knowledge of the market existed among the mud crab farming groups where hotels and exporters offered the highest prices. However there is a need for national policies to be directed to support small-scale aquaculture development by ensuring training and capacity building for women, operation and management of groups, data management and provision of user rights for communities working in the mangrove environment. Market analyses showed that the common market size of crabs in East Africa ranged between 500-1000 g and are thus larger than in Southeast Asia where the average size is reported at 300 g. Prices for mud crabs were over 50 % lower in Tanzania than in other East African countries and most of the profit was earned by middlemen and exporters. Cost revenue analysis showed that it would be more profitable to farm smaller commercial crabs, and develop a market for 300 g crabs to increase the profitability of crab farming in East Africa. Also, the same analyses found that farming large crabs in individual cages, which is the dominant culture form in East Africa today, had very low profitability due to high labor costs and low growth rates. Using a step-wise function of natural growth it was shown that growth rates of S. serrata cultured in cages was 40 % of the growth rates obtained in experimental pond and pen cultures, which were similar to natural growth. Therefore the good performance of grow-out cultures of juvenile mud crabs in earthen ponds and mangrove pens showed a potential to develop into a profitable and sustainable intervention. However, more work is needed to improve survival in culture systems and address the identified limitations of crab seeds and feed to enable development of sustainable mud crab aquaculture in East Africa.

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Guard, Martin. "Assessment of the artisanal fishery for Octopus cyanea Gray 1849 in Tanzania : catch dynamics, fisheries biology, socio-economics and implications for management." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232573.

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Catch dynamics, fisheries biology and socio-economic dependence are described for the artisanal fishery for Octopus cyanea at three study sites (Kwale. Jibondo, and Mtwara) along the coat of Tanzania. A total of 23,165 octopuses were measured and sexed from 3,514 individual catches. FIShing effort was shown to be 2.9 times greater at Msangamkuu compared to Jibondo and nearly two times more than Kwale. Number of relaxation days between fishing events, when the octopus stock are able to recover through growth and immigration, was shown to be greater at Iibondo than for the other two sites. Marked reductions in catch landings, mean individual weight, catch per unit effort (kg) and size distributions are reported for Msangamkuu and Kwale when compared to Jibondo. Abundance of octopus was however, higher at the former sites most likely in response to predator and competition release. Stock size and biomass (kg) were calculated for Msangamkuu using a De-Lury depletion method and results extrapolated to the other two sites. Despite higher abundance at Msangamkuu and Kwale mean overall biomass (kg) was 36% and 14% respectively lower tban the mean biomass estimate for Jibondo. Spatial comparison of fishing impacts between sites using a surplus production model suggested Jibondo to be more productive and fishing pressure sustainable. In contrast, Msangamkuu was indicated to be seriously overtished and Kwale somewhere in between. Although, Bhattacharya modal progression analyses separated multiple size modes in monthly samples growth analyses were unsuccessful due to the lack of a clear corresponding pattern of modal progression in monthly size distributions. Length weight relationships varied between sites and sexes. All length weight relationships were negative allometric. Size reductions at Kwale and Msangambru may be impacting on reproductive output with a 40% reduction in the number of mature males at Msangamkuu and 24% reduction at Kwale when compared to Jibondo. Fewer mature females were observed at Msangamkuu and Kwale but even at Jibondo mature females accounted for only 2.2% of the catch. Results suggest spawning activity takes place in deeper water ( > 4m) below the fisbed zone. Nonetheless, enough females would have to reach brooding size at each site to contribute to the reproductive stock. Size at first maturity for females was estimated to be 1800g. Only 3.9% of the octopus at Kwale and 1.2% at Msangamkuu weigh more than 1800g compared to 17% at Jibondo. Fecundity was shown to increase with size. Breeding activity is likely to be year round but maturity peaks were evident for June and July and October to November. The den enrichment experiment indicated a clear preference for concrete dens over PVC pipe. Overall density increased by 10% subsequent to den placement but dens were shown in reef areas not to be limiting. The benefit of den enrichment was therefore ambiguous but could be initiated using a phased approach to gauge effectiveness. The artisanal octopus fisheries make an important contnbution to the local economy. population growth and fisher and trader immigrations were noted as the greatest threats to the octopus fishery by fishers. Awareness of relevant marine resource use issues was shown to be high yet enthusiasm for management varied between sites. The first descriptive details of the octopus fauna of Tanzania are provided. Implications for management of the octopus fishery and a series of proposed management actions are provided for discussion between relevant stakeholders.

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Martins, Viviane Souza 1982. "As Cores Negras da Lama : Etnoecologia Abrangente na Comunidade Quilombola Salamina Putumuju, Recôncavo da Bahia." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279958.

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Orientadores: José Geraldo Wanderley Marques, Sônia Regina da Cal Seixas
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A etnoecologia é um campo de pesquisas que visa elucidar as relações entre sociedades humanas e natureza. Na margem oeste do Recôncavo Baiano, situa-se a Baía do Iguape, localizada na interface da foz do rio Paraguaçu com a Baía de Todos-os-Santos. Na localidade, onde em agosto de 2000 foi criada a Reserva Extrativista Marinha Baía do Iguape, está situada a comunidade quilombola Salamina Putumuju. A renda e subsistência de grande parte da comunidade se baseiam no extrativismo de recursos naturais tais como pescado e espécies vegetais como dendê e piaçava. A reserva convive atualmente com a operação de empreendimentos de infraestrutura com grande potencial causador de impacto que incidem, sobretudo nas atividades pesqueiras. Optou-se por abordar as relações pessoas/ambiente através de etnoecologia abrangente e contextualizá-las no tempo e nos processos históricos vividos pelos extrativistas. Além disso, foi verificada a percepção nativa a respeito dos impactos ambientais provocados pela instalação e operação dos empreendimentos. Uma combinação de ferramentas de coleta de dados qualitativos (entrevistas, observação direta, turnês guiadas) foi utilizada. O território abrigou um quilombo de escravos fugidos no período colonial e o trabalho escravo esteve presente na comunidade até a recente certificação quilombola. O Conselho Pastoral dos Pescadores teve papel decisivo no processo de transformação social. Os extrativistas possuem aprofundado conhecimento da dinâmica dos recursos pesqueiros e do fenômeno das marés o que otimiza o exercício da atividade pesqueira. Além disso, compreendem aspectos ecológicos do recurso piaçava que historicamente é considerado como principal fonte de renda da comunidade local. Os empreendimentos geradores de grandes impactos, principalmente a operação da Usina Hidrelétrica Pedra do Cavalo têm sido interpretados pelos pescadores como principais responsáveis pela diminuição dos estoques pesqueiros na região
Abstract: Ethnoecology is a field of research that seeks to elucidate the relationship between human societies and nature. On the west bank of the Reconcavo Baiano, is located Baia do Iguape, placed on the mouth of the river Paraguaçu interface with the Baía de Todos-os-Santos. In this place, which in August 2000 was created the Marine Extractive Reserve Baía do Iguape, is situated a quilombola community called Salaminas Putumuju. The income and livelihood of much of the community is based on the extraction of natural resources such as fish and plant species such as palm oil and palm fiber (dendê and piaçava). The reserve is currently experiencing the operation of large infrastructure projects with potential impact that caused concern, particularly in fishing activities. We chose to analyze the relationships human/environment based on the comprehensive ethnoecological proposal of Marques and contextualize them in time and historical processes experienced by extractivists. Furthermore, we investigated the native perception about the environmental impact of the installation and operation of projects. A combination of qualitative data collection (interviews, direct observation, guided tours) tool was used. The territory took a Quilombo of runaway slaves during the colonial period and slavery labor was present in this community until the recent accreditation quilombola. The Pastoral Council Fishermen (Conselho Pastoral dos Pescadores) played a decisive role in the process of social transformation. The local extractivists have in-depth knowledge of the dynamics of fish stocks and the phenomenon of the tides which optimizes the exercise of fishing activity. Also, understand the ecological piaçava resource that is historically regarded as the main source of income of the local community aspects. The generating enterprises large impacts, especially the operation of the Hydroelectric Plant Pedra do Cavalo have been interpreted by fishermen as primarily responsible for the decline in fish stocks in the region
Doutorado
Aspectos Biológicos de Sustentabilidade e Conservação
Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade

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Hellebrandt, Luceni Medeiros. "Conflitos da pesca artesanal de tainha na colônia Z3 e sua relação com as políticas públicas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2012. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/4051.

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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerenciamento Costeiro, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2012.
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Zona Costeira pode ser definida como uma região dinâmica, de interação entre ambiente terrestre e ambiente marinho. Tal interação proporciona um ambiente atrativo à atividade humana de exploração dos recursos naturais, resultando em atividades diversificadas. Assim, pode ser caracterizada pela competição por espaços e recursos, por parte de vários atores sociais, e resultando em sérios conflitos. Dentre as várias atividades que ocorrem em zonas costeiras, podemos citar a exploração de recursos pesqueiros como uma atividade de importância econômica e social, que impacta o ambiente, e interage com outras atividades, levando à disputa de espaço, entre outras. Além dos conflitos entre atividades de exploração de diferentes recursos, a atividade pesqueira ainda apresenta conflitos internos, relacionados às diferentes escalas de ação – artesanal, industrial e esportiva. Neste contexto, a pesca artesanal é destacada com o mais elevado potencial para conflitos. Estes conflitos, motivados por diversos fatores retratados neste trabalho, refletem na dinâmica social e econômica das populações costeiras que dependem da pesca. Para o estudo em questão, considerou-se a pesca artesanal de tainha, que vem despertando o interesse da academia, por ser uma das espécies capturadas na região estuarina da Lagoa dos Patos que representa grande importância socioeconômica para os pescadores artesanais da região. Entre os locais em que a pesca artesanal de tainha é desenvolvida, focou-se na Colônia Z3 (colônia de pescadores localizada na Lagoa dos Patos / RS) por se destacar pelo seu elevado número de pescadores e sistema de organização em colônia representativo na região em estudo. Aliado aos conflitos, outro fator analisado é a ação de políticas empregadas pelo governo no setor pesqueiro, pois neste trabalho entende-se que estas políticas públicas podem implicar na geração, ampliação ou minimização dos conflitos provocados pela atividade pesqueira. Assim, buscou-se entender como se estabelece esta relação: políticas públicas agindo sobre conflitos da pesca artesanal, utilizando como local de estudo a Colônia Z3, e como objeto de estudo, a pesca artesanal de tainha. Desta forma, a análise de casos da interação conflitos e políticas públicas vem a somar para o entendimento e argumentação na discussão a respeito da aplicação de políticas públicas no setor pesqueiro. Esta soma contribui no processo de gestão costeira ao analisar as implicações destas relações e sugerir formas de análises e ações sobre a questão dos conflitos pesqueiros.
Coastal Zone can be defined as a dynamic zone where earth and marine environment interact. Such interaction provides an attractive environment to the human activity of exploring natural resources, leading to diversified activities. Therefore, it can be characterized by the competition for spaces and resources by many social actors, having serious conflicts as result. Among several coastal zone activities, there is the exploration of fishing resources as an activity of social and economic importance, which impacts the environment and interacts with other activities, leading to the fight for space, among others. Besides the conflicts between exploration activities of different resources, the fishing activity still shows some inside conflicts related to the different scales of action – artisanal, industrial and sportive. In this context, artisanal fishery is highlighted with the most elevated potential for conflicts. These conflicts, motivated by several factors that will be shown in this study, reflect in the social and economic dynamic of coastal populations that depend on fishery. For this study, it was considered the artisanal fishing of mullet, in which the academy has been showing interest because its one of the species that is captured in the estuarine zone of Patos Lagoon that represents a great socioeconomic importance for the artisanal fishers who live there. Within the places in which artisanal mullet fishery is developed, it focused in Colônia Z3 (fishermen colony located at Patos Lagoon / RS) as it stands out because of the high number of fishermen and a system of colony organization that represents the area under study. Allied to the conflicts, another factor analyzed is the policy actions used by the government in the fishing sector, because in this study it is understood that these public policies can result in the generation, amplification or minimization of the conflicts caused by the fishing activity. Thus, the aim was to understand how this relationship is established: public policies acting over conflicts in artisanal fishing, using Colônia Z3 as a study site and, as a study theme, the artisanal fishing of mullet. So, the analysis of cases of the interaction conflicts and public policies adds to the understanding and argumentation in the discussion about the application of public policies in the fishing sector. This addition contributes in the process of coastal management as it analyses the implications of this relationships and suggests forms of analysis and actions about the subject of fishery conflicts.

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Monaco, Clara. "Co-costruzione di un sistema d informazione di indicatori di sostenibilità e qualità ibridi, per la valorizzazione della piccola pesca artigianale del Mediterraneo." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3969.

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La piccola pesca artigianale rappresenta un ampia porzione del settore della pesca nel Mar Mediterraneo. Da circa un decennio, questa categoria di pesca attraversa su più fronti una crisi che, senza opportuni interventi di gestione, minaccia la sopravvivenza delle comunità costiere dipendenti dall attività di pesca. Lo sviluppo della piccola pesca artigianale, attraverso la valorizzazione dei suoi prodotti, sembra poter donare un apporto positivo all intero settore della pesca, giocando un ruolo fondamentale nella rivalutazione delle zone costiere e per lo sviluppo dei mercati regionali. Al fine d intraprendere un percorso orientato alla qualità, questo studio punta allo sviluppo di un sistema d informazione adattato alla piccola pesca artigianale, composto da indicatori che giovino da supporto per la valutazione della sostenibilità delle sue flotte dai punti di vista economico, sociale, ambientale e della governance. A questo scopo, è stata avviata un indagine nell area costiera della Sicilia orientale, dove, attraverso un Approccio sistema (Lavaud, 2013) di tipo partecipativo che ha visto coinvolti i vari stakeholder della filiera ittica locale, e l adattamento del metodo Principi-Criteri-Indicatori (PCI) (Rey Valette et al., 2008), sono stati selezionati i principi, i criteri e gli indicatori utili per la stima della sostenibilità e della qualità di vari fattori caratterizzanti la piccola pesca artigianale. Il sistema d informazione così sviluppato, è capace di guidare l eventuale processo di labeling di un prodotto ittico, proveniente dalla pratica di un mestiere convenuto come piccola pesca artigianale, da riconoscere come di qualità e sostenibile. La ricerca ha richiesto un attenta indagine preliminare sulle marinerie presenti nel territorio oggetto di studio e ha sollevato molteplici problematiche che accomunano le differenti flotte artigianali del Mediterraneo, tra cui, in primo luogo, la mancanza di una definizione comune ufficiale per la categoria della piccola pesca artigianale.

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Rivera, Valle Silvia. "Contribution à la conception d´un modèle de politique publique de développement durable pour les zones côtières pauvres : le cas de la région du Sinaloa (Mexique) et du rôle des coopératives de pêcheurs artisanaux traditionnels." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROD001/document.

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La pêche, activité ancestrale, contribue aux moyens d’existence de 10 à 12% de la population mondiale. La pêche artisanale génère plus de la moitié des captures mondiales et fournit 90% des emplois correspondants. Au Mexique, elle fournit de l’emploi à plus de 350 000 pêcheurs, organisés principalement en coopératives. Au Sinaloa, « terrain » de la thèse, les coopératives de pêcheurs artisanaux se sont progressivement enfoncées dans une crise qui met en péril leur survie. Elles sont soumises à des défis endogènes et exogènes qui se renforcent mutuellement. Les politiques publiques liées à la pêche artisanale privilégient la préservation de l’environnement et ne contribuent pas à la sortie de la pauvreté des populations côtières. La thèse fait l’hypothèse que cette sortie de la pauvreté nécessite des politiques publiques qui prennent appui sur les coopératives de pêcheurs artisanaux et qui intègrent les trois piliers du développement durable : l’environnement, l’économie et les droits humains. Sur la base d’une étude de cas approfondie et pluridisciplinaire, la recherche propose des outils et des pistes pour l’action qui s’articulent autour d’un modèle ad hoc de renforcement des coopératives. Elle propose notamment un outil de diagnostic de celles-ci, et les conclusions suivantes ont été dégagées : 1) leur rôle économique, social et environnemental justifie leur pérennité 2) cette pérennité incombe tant aux coopératives elles-mêmes qu'à d'autres acteurs 3) les politiques publiques environnementales doivent non seulement intégrer les dimensions économiques et socioculturelles concernant la pêche artisanale, mais doivent aussi mettre en place des moyens légaux qui garantiront leur efficacité
Fishing, an ancestral activity, contributes to the livelihoods of 10 to 12% of the world's population. Artisanal fisheries generate more than half of the world's catches and provide 90% of the corresponding jobs. In Mexico, it provides employment to over 350,000 fishers, organized mainly in cooperatives. In Sinaloa, the location of the fieldwork, artisanal fisher’s cooperatives have gradually sunk into a crisis that threatens their survival. They are subject to mutually reinforcing endogenous and exogenous challenges. Public policies related to artisanal fisheries that favour the preservation of the environment do not contribute to lifting poverty out of coastal populations. The thesis hypothesizes that poverty exit requires public policies that rely on artisanal fisher's cooperatives and that integrate the three pillars of sustainable development : the environment, the economy and the human rights. On the basis of an in-depth and multidisciplinary case study, the research proposes tools and avenues for action based on an ad hoc model for strengthening cooperatives. In particular, it proposes a tool for diagnosing them, and the following conclusions have been reached : 1) their economic, social and environmental role justifies their perpetuity 2) this perpetuity is the responsibility of both, the cooperatives and other stakeholders 3) environmental public policies must not only integrate the economic and sociocultural dimensions of artisanal fisheries but must also establish legal means to ensure their effectiveness

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Souza, Milena Ramires de. "Etnoconhecimento caiçara e uso de recursos pesqueiros por pescadores artesanais e esportivos no Vale do Ribeira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-13092004-143414/.

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A atividade pesqueira é uma forte característica das populações humanas litorâneas, como os caiçaras do litoral sul de São Paulo. Ao realizar a pesca de forma artesanal, esses pescadores exploram o ambiente aquático de forma peculiar. Para manter e recriar seu meio de subsistência, adquirem conhecimentos profundos sobre a natureza e seus ciclos. Em suas atividades produtivas, estabelecem e mantém grande diversidade de interações diretas com o ambiente. Nas últimas décadas, entretanto, essas populações vêm incorporado novas atividades econômicas, como a prestação de serviços. O turismo associado a pesca esportiva eventualmente proporciona renda alternativa para os pescadores. Estes prestam serviços diversos e aplicam seus conhecimentos sobre os recursos pesqueiros à nova prática. Essa realidade traz novos desafios para a população caiçara e seu modo de vida. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve três objetivos centrais e assim três linas de investigação. (1) Análise da atividade de pesca artesanal em relação: aos métodos e pontos de pesca utilizados, à sazonalidade e espécies de peixes capturadas e às condições ambientais que influenciam a atividade pesqueira, segundo o conhecimento dos pescadores artesanais. Também foram estudados dentro desse objetivo, as relações dos pescadores com outras atividades econômicas. (2) Estudo etnoictiológico, abordando aspectos de morfologia e comportamento dos peixes, com ênfase em sua etnoecologia. Foram identificadas ainda, as correspondências e divergências entre o etnoconhecimento caiçara e a literatura cientifica. (3) Caracterização da pesca esportiva praticada nas comunidades caiçaras estudadas, traçando o perfil dos pescadores esportivos. Foram analisadas suas relações com os pescadores artesanais e possíveis influências em modo de vida. A presente pesquisa foi realizada nas comunidades caiçaras da Barra do Ribeira e Jairê (Iguape), Carijo e Porto Cubatão (Cananéia) e Pedrinhas (Ilha Comprida). Nas cinco comunidades estudadas foram constatadas algumas características em comum quanto aos aspectos analisados. A pesca artesanal ainda se caracteriza como uma das principais fontes de renda. Sua prática diária, ainda é bastante freqüente, evidenciando sua forte presença no cotidiano das comunidades caiçaras. Entretanto foram observadas outras atividades econômicas, associadas à pesca esportiva em três das comunidades estudadas. Segundo os pescadores, a produção pesqueira é influenciada por variáveis como fases da lua, marés e precipitações. O etnoconhecimento orienta a atividade pesqueira tradicional e vem sendo aplicado a outras atividades econômicas. Este é o caso da coleta de iscas naturais a serem vendidas aos pescadores esportivos. Ainda existe entre os pescadores artesanais, um extenso conhecimento ecológico sobre os peixes. Também se constatou uma elevada concordância entre o etnoconhecimento e o conhecimento cientifico. Em três das comunidades, vem ocorrendo intensificação do turismo associado à pesca esportiva. Constatou-se que nesses locais, esta vem disputando recursos e espaços com a pesca artesanal. Dessa forma, vem acarretando alterações na rotina dos caiçaras; alterações estas, ainda não avaliadas ecológica e socioculturalmente. A expansão da pesca esportiva requer conhecimento e planejamento para prevenir efeitos ambientais e socioculturais negativos. São necessários estudos sobre os seus impactos na dinâmica das populações locais e estoques pesqueiros. (O presente trabalho está inserido no projeto: Os Peixes e Pesca na Mata Atlântica no Sul do Estado de São Paulo. Este projeto é coordenado pelo Dr. Walter Barrella e financiado pelo Programa Biota/ Fapesp - processo no 99/04529-7).
The fishery characterizes coastal human populations, as the caiçaras from south coast of São Paulo state. By making the fishery in an artisanal method, these fishermen explore the aquatic environment in a peculiar way. To maintain and recreate their subsistence system, the fishermen acquire a considerable and significant knowledge about the nature and its cycles. In their productive activities, they establish and maintain large diversity of direct interactions with their environment. However, over the last few decades these populations have incorporated new economic activities, as service rendering. The tourism associated to sportive fishery its, eventually, an alternative form of income to the fisherman. They provide several forms of services and apply their knowledge about fishery resources to the new activity. Such a new reality brings out new challenges to the caiçara population and its traditional way of life. The present work had three central objectives and so, three lines of investigation. (1) Analysis of the artisanal fishery activity related to the methods and fishery points used, the seasonality and captured fish species and the environmental conditions that influence the fishery activity, according to the artisanal fisherman knowledge. The relationships between the fishermen and other economic activities were also studied. (2) An ethnoictiological study concerning aspects of fish morphology and behavior, emphasizing its ethnoecology. The correspondences and divergences between the caiçara ethnoknowledge and the scientific literature were also identified. (3) The characterization of sportive fishery practiced in the studied caiçara communities, tracing the sportive fishermen profile. The relationship with the artisanal fishermen and possible influences in their way of life were also analyzed. The present research was carried out in the caiçara communities of Barra do Ribeira, and Jairê (Iguape city), Carijo, and Porto Cubatão (Cananéia city), and Pedrinhas (Ilha Comprida City). The data collection was carried out by using interviews, direct observations, and biological material collection. In all the five studied communities, some common characteristics related to the analyzed aspects were verified. The artisanal fishery still characterizes itself as one of the main income sources. Its dairy practice is still quite frequent, showing its strong presence in the quotidian of the caiçaras communities. Nevertheless, other economic activities related to the sportive fishery in three of the studied communities were observed. According to the fishermen, the fishery production is influenced by variables as moon phase, tide and rainfall. The ethnoknowledge guides the traditional fishery activity and has been applied to the other economic activities. For instance, the collection of natural fishing bait to sell to the sportive fisherman. There is still a large ecological knowledge about the fishes among the artisanal fisherman. It was also verified a high correspondence between the ethnoknowledge of the artisanal fisherman and the scientific knowledge. In three of the communities studied, tourism associated to sportive fishery has been intensified, competing for resources and spaces with the artisanal fishery, leading to alterations in the routine of the caiçaras, which have not yet been evaluated in ecological and sociocultural terms. The increase of the sportive fishery demands knowledge and planning to prevent negative sociocultural and environmental effects. Studies about its impact on the local population dynamics and fishery stocks are necessary. (The present work is part of the project: The Fish and Fishery in the Atlantic Forest on the south of the São Paulo state. This project is coordinated by the Dr. Walter Barrella and supported by Biota Program/ FAPESP Grant nº 99/04529-7).

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Ramalho, Cristiano Wellington Norberto. "Embarcadiços do encantamento : trabalho como arte, estetica e liberdade na pesca artesanal de Suape, PE." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280336.

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Orientador: Fernando Antonio Lourenço
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Partindo das próprias representações, sentimentos e práticas societárias dos pescadores artesanais da Praia de Suape, litoral sul de Pernambuco, esta tese busca analisar a relação íntima, que esses trabalhadores do mar, efetivam entre arte, beleza e liberdade, enquanto aspectos constitutivos e constituídos da atividade pesqueira na região. Foram entrevistados, em profundidade, 13 pescadores, a partir de um recorte geracional. A idéia foi perceber a reprodução simbólica e prática da noção de arte, beleza e autonomia como trabalho da pesca entre os pescadores de mar-alto da Praia de Suape, independentemente desses trabalhadores serem mestres de pescaria ou não
Abstract: Starting from representations, feelings and partnership practices from Suape Beach handicrafts fishermen, Pernambuco¿s south coastland, this thesis investigates the relation that these sea workers have among art, beauty and freedom, while constitutive and formation aspects from the fishery activity in the area. Thirteen fishermen were interviewed in detail, starting from a feature generation. The idea was discerning the symbolical and practical reproduction from the art notion, beauty and autonomy how fishery product among high sea fishermen from Suape Beach, even they are master fishing or not
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciências Sociais

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del, Campo Barquín Luis Matias. "A bio-socio-economic simulation model for management of the red sea urchin fishery in Chile." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/69.

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This study focused on the management of the red sea urchin Loxechinus albus fishery in Chile. The main objective was to design, construct, implement and assess a computer-based simulation model to analyse the biological effects, socio-economic consequences and spatial dynamics resulting from coastal management plans applied to this resource under the system of AMEBR. This was accomplished by using systems dynamics (SD) and geographical information systems (GIS) modelling, in a process of model development, run, optimisation, sensitivity analysis and risk management, and a series of field-based activities carried out at the cove of Quintay. The GIS model developed for allocating sea urchins restocking sites offered a flexible, cost-effective, user-friendly and descriptive technique for support decision-making on management of this species and other benthic resources. Final site selection for restocking was based on the identification, quantification and selection of higher suitability¦availability combinations (site categories). This map showed 16 different suitability¦availability combinations or site categories, ranging from 4¦100 to 8¦100 (suitability points¦availability %). These had an average of 6.44¦69.37 (covering an area of 82.5 Ha overall equivalent to 81.21% of the study area. This site classification demonstrated high heterogeneity between options, and revealed the full variety of alternatives for decision-making. More importantly, the generally high suitability indexes as well as available area emphasised the prospects for restocking sea urchins in this study area. Over and above of the quantitative outcomes obtained from running the GISRM (suitable and available restocking sites) and the BSESM (alternative strategic management plans), the case study-based analysis made it possible to disclose the wider issues related to the red sea urchin coastal management. These results demonstrated the biological inefficiency of traditional size/seasonal restriction-based approach (macro-scenario 1) for sustainable management of the target species. More importantly, final outcomes strongly suggested that a combination of adaptive restocking-based enhancement activities and flexible exploitation constituted a highly attractive approach (macro-scenario 3) for stock management of this fishery in terms of harvestable stock and related incomes. However from the economic analysis, stocking was also found to be economically unfeasible, being a rather cost intensive exercise negatively affected by high natural mortality rates. A single-variable optimisation analysis demonstrated that a higher survival rate is needed to generate sufficient profits to cover major restocking costs and a positive payment, or a cost reduction is essential to make up for the loss. On top to these practical constraints, based on the distinctive modest economic situation prevailing for most Chilean coves and hence their limited capacity to pay for stocking material, unless adequate and constant funding is available to support artisanal associations, they are very unlikely to develop mass release programmes. Given the economic (i.e.: high operating costs) and technical (i.e.: low survival rates) limitations conditioning stocking-based management cost-effectiveness and applicability, wide implementation of mass releases as a major approach for management of the red sea urchin fishery is very unlikely to take place in Chile. This study presents a methodology and offers a tool to design, evaluate and optimise coastal management plans for the red sea urchin in a dynamic, interactive, systematic, integrated and flexible way. The optional strategic management plans proposed on this study may not be applied equally to any AMEBR, as they are the outputs arising from a single cove-specific analysis. Still, the complete methodological framework and analysis procedures developed may be applied to run the BSESM and optimise management of a red sea urchin fishery at any other AMEBR case of study.

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D'agata, Stéphanie. "Vulnérabilité des communautés de poissons coralliens aux pressions humaines et importance des sites références pour l'évaluation des outils de conservation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS067.

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Au-delà de la perte de richesse spécifique, les activités humaines entraînent probablement la diminution de la diversité phylogénétique et fonctionnelle portée par les espèces dans les communautés. Comprendre les effets des activités humaines sur l'ensemble des facettes de la biodiversité liées au fonctionnement des écosystèmes et évaluer les outils de conservation de ces facettes restent des enjeux majeurs de l'écologie notamment en milieu marin. Les objectifs de la thèse sont donc i) d'évaluer les impacts humains sur la diversité des lignées phylogénétiques et des fonctions au sein des communautés de poissons coralliens indépendamment des facteurs environnementaux naturels, ii) d'évaluer la capacité des aires marines protégées à conserver efficacement ces facettes et à produire des valeurs de références pour la gestion des écosystèmes et iii) de mesurer la vulnérabilité fonctionnelle intrinsèque, sans pression humaine, des communautés de poissons. Pour cela nous avons dû échantillonner des sites très isolés des populations humaines à travers l'Indo-pacifique et nous avons utilisé des modèles permettant de prendre en compte les effets de seuil et les interactions pour extraire les effets ‘purs' liés à l'homme. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons, à l'échelle du Pacifique sud-ouest, que le nombre d'espèces des poissons perroquets diminue linéairement mais uniquement de 12% le long d'un gradient d'impact humain alors que les diversités phylogénétiques et fonctionnelles diminuent de 36% et de 47%, respectivement, avec de forts effets de seuil. Dans un deuxième temps, en considérant un gradient d'impact humain et une large gamme d'aires marines protégées (AMPs) en Nouvelle-Calédonie, nous démontrons que les sites très isolés des activités humaines (>20 heures de temps de trajet depuis Nouméa la capitale régionale) possèdent des communautés de poissons avec une plus forte diversité fonctionnelle et biomasses de prédateurs apicaux que la plus grande et plus ancienne AMP intégrale. Finalement, en considérant quatre sites isolés des activités humaines à travers l'Indo-Pacifique, nous avons révélé que la diversité des fonctions portées par les poissons est très vulnérable, 60% n'étant portées que par une espèce, même sans impact humain. Nos travaux montrent la très forte vulnérabilité aux activités humaines des facettes fonctionnelles et phylogénétiques de la biodiversité, avec un manque de capacité des AMPs à restaurer l'ensemble des rôles fonctionnels des poissons et une redondance très limitée pour ces fonctions même dans les sites les plus isolés
Beyond species loss, human activity may cause the decrease of phylogenetic and functional diversity carried by species. One of the major issue, particularly in marine ecology, is to understand the effects of human activities on all aspects biodiversity related to ecosystem functioning and assess conservation tools.The objectives of the thesis are i) to assess human impacts on the diversity of phylogenetic lineages and functions within the coral reef fish communities regardless of natural environmental factors, ii) to evaluate the ability of marine protected areas to conserve these facets efficiently and produce baselines values for ecosystem management and iii) to measure the intrinsic functional vulnerability, without human pressure, of fish communities. For this we had sampled very remote sites across the Indo-Pacific and we used statistical tools that take into account thresholds effects and interactions to extract the marginal effect of human activities.First, we show that across the South West Pacific, parrotfish species richness decreases linearly but only of 12% along a gradient of human impact while the phylogenetic and functional diversity decrease of 36% and 47%, respectively, with strong threshold effects. Secondly, considering the human impact gradient and a wide range of marine protected areas (MPAs) in New Caledonia, we demonstrate that very remote sites from human activities (> 20 hours of travel time from Noumea, the regional capital) have greater fish functional diversity and biomass of apex predators than the largest and oldest MPA.Finally, considering four remote sites across the Indo-Pacific, we have found that the diversity of functions carried by fish communities is very vulnerable, showing that 60% of functions were only worn by one species, even without human impact. Our work shows that the functional and phylogenetic aspects of biodiversity are highly vulnerable to human activities, with a lack of ability of MPAs to restore all of the functional roles of fish and a very limited redundancy for these functions even in the most isolated locations

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Ávila, Gabriela Rocha Priante Teles de. "Viabilidade sócio ambiental do cooperativismo no setor de pesca profissional na Baixada Cuiabana/MT." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1793.

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Changes in vectors that indirectly affect biodiversity, including population, technology and lifestyle, may lead to changes in vectors that affect biodiversity directly, including fishing and fertilizer application. This result in changes in ecosystems and services they offer, affecting human well-being. These interactions can occur in more than one scale. Different strategies and interventions can be applied in many parts of this structure in order to ensure the well‐being and conserve the ecosystems. Traditional communities have their way of life related to their living environment, and recently have been studied in order to ensure sustainability with a focus on human well‐being based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, in order to implement the established in the National Politics of Sustainable Development to Traditional Peoples and Communities. This study was conducted at the Fishermen Cooperative and Artisans of Pai André and Bonsucesso (Coorimbatá), which gathers people from the urban area of Cuiabá and riverine communities of Bonsucesso and Pai André, located in Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, to assess the strategies adopted by Cooperative for the well-being of the cooperative members and the use of natural resources of local biodiversity. The study s hypothesis is that the way the Cooperative Coorimbatá was structured from the amendment of its Statute in 2000, meets the fundamentals of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment with regard to the conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems. It also contributes to creating environments for dialogue and action for the sharing of knowledge between traditional peoples and academics, looking forward the human well-being. The method used to prove whether or not this hypothesis has the qualitative research approach to data sources in semi-structured interviews with the founders of the Cooperative Coorimbatá and fishermen from Bonsucesso and Pai André communities, projects and reports made by Coorimbatá. Within an ergological focus, were also made visits to local fishing community of Bonsucesso, with interviews by the self-confrontation method, to obtain additional information to better understand this phenomenon. The semi-structured interview was made from a questionnaire with questions regarding: life history; Cooperative Coorimbatá meaning; type of work, leaders identification, Cooperative s expectations. Initially, the Cooperative main product was fish, however due to this natural resource is no longer available as it was in previous years, the Cooperative began to add other products in its supply chain as fruits raisins (dried), cassava chips, brazilian nuts and more recently the alligator. Know and reveal the lifestyle of these members, their relationships and interactions with the river are important tools to be used in discussions and implementation of public politics.
As mudanças nos vetores que indiretamente afetam a biodiversidade, entre eles população, tecnologia e estilo de vida, podem acarretar mudanças nos vetores que afetam diretamente a biodiversidade, entre eles a pesca e a aplicação de fertilizantes. Isso resulta em mudanças nos ecossistemas e nos serviços que eles oferecem, afetando assim o bem‐estar humano. Essas interações podem ocorrer em mais de uma escala. Diferentes estratégias e intervenções podem ser aplicadas em muitos pontos dessa estrutura, a fim de assegurar o bem‐estar humano e conservar os ecossistemas. As comunidades tradicionais têm seu modo de vida relacionado ao ambiente em que vivem e, recentemente, vêm sendo estudadas de forma a garantir a sustentabilidade com foco no bem‐estar humano pautada na Avaliação Ecossistêmica do Milênio, de forma a implementar o estabelecido na Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável dos Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais. Este estudo foi realizado na Cooperativa dos Pescadores e Artesãos de Pai André e Bonsucesso (Coorimbatá), a qual agrega pessoas da zona urbana de Cuiabá e das comunidades ribeirinhas de Bonsucesso e Pai André, localizadas em Várzea Grande/MT, visando avaliar as estratégias adotadas pela Cooperativa em relação ao bem‐estar humano dos cooperados e ao uso dos recursos naturais da biodiversidade local. A hipótese deste trabalho é de que, a forma como a Cooperativa Coorimbatá se estruturou a partir da alteração de seu Estatuto em 2000, atende aos fundamentos da Avaliação Ecossistêmica do Milênio no que se refere à conservação e ao uso sustentável dos ecossistemas. Contribui também para a criação de ambientes de diálogo e de ação para o compartilhamento dos conhecimentos dos povos tradicionais e acadêmicos, visando o bem‐estar humano. O método utilizado para a comprovação ou não desta hipótese tem a abordagem da pesquisa qualitativa com fontes de dados em entrevistas semiestruturadas com os fundadores da Cooperativa Coorimbatá e pescadores das comunidades de Bonsucesso e Pai André, projetos e relatórios elaborados pela Coorimbatá. Dentro de um enfoque ergológico, foram também efetuadas visitas aos locais de pesca na comunidade de Bonsucesso, com entrevistas pelo método da autoconfrontação, para obtenção de informações adicionais para compreender melhor o fenômeno estudado. A entrevista semiestruturada foi feita a partir de um questionário com perguntas em relação a: história de vida; significado da Cooperativa Coorimbatá; tipo de trabalho desenvolvido; identificação de lideranças; expectativas em relação à Cooperativa. O produto principal da Cooperativa inicialmente era o peixe, no entanto em função deste recurso natural não estar mais disponível como era em anos anteriores, a Cooperativa passou a agregar outros produtos na sua cadeia produtiva como frutas passas (desidratadas), mandioca frita, castanha‐do‐Brasil e mais recentemente o jacaré‐do‐pantanal. Conhecer e revelar o modo de vida destes cooperados, suas relações e interações com o rio são importantes instrumentos a serem utilizados nas discussões e implementações de políticas públicas.

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Oliveira, Caroline Terra de. "Pescadores de sonhos e esperanças: experiências em Educação Ambiental com trabalhadores da associação de pescadores artesanais da vila são miguel – Rio Grande/RS." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2008. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2162.

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Dissertação (mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental, Instituto de Educação, 2008.
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Este trabalho trata dos sonhos e das imagens de esperança e felicidade que estão sendo construídas e vivenciadas pelos pescadores artesanais que fundaram uma cooperativa na cidade do Rio Grande/RS, a Associação de Pescadores Artesanais da Vila São Miguel. A presente pesquisa, parte da hipótese que afirma, em síntese, que os pescadores artesanais, ao organizarem uma cooperativa, estão construindo esperanças e possibilidades de ainda serem vivenciados sonhos de uma vida melhor através de sua atividade profissional. Neste sentido, o cooperativismo, inserido no contexto da economia solidária popular, pode ser entendido como uma possibilidade em Educação Ambiental no espaço da pesca artesanal, uma vez que está voltado à construção de esperanças. Compreende-se que a metodologia da pesquisa qualitativa foi a que melhor contemplou os objetivos desta investigação. Baseado em um estudo de caso, utilizou-se enquanto técnicas de coleta de dados, a entrevista semi-estruturada e a observação participante. Para a interpretação dos fenômenos investigados, optou-se pela análise textual qualitativa. A proposta fundamentou-se, especialmente, nas obras de Ernst Bloch, Paulo Freire e Gaston Bachelard, além de Paul Singer e Carlos Frederico Loureiro. Diante desta problematização, confirma-se a possibilidade de compreender o cooperativismo como um espaço de possibilidades em Educação Ambiental no contexto da pesca artesanal, uma vez que os pescadores, em sua organização cooperativa, estão construindo e fortalecendo suas imagens de esperança e felicidade e vivenciando sonhos de uma vida melhor através de sua atividade profissional.
This work is about the dreams and the images of hope and happiness that are being constructed and lived deeply by artisanal fishermen who founded a cooperative in the city of Rio Grande / RS, the Fishermen Artisanal of Sao Miguel Village Association. This research, part of the hypothesis that it affirms, in summary, that the artisanal fishermen, to organize a cooperative, are constructing to hopes and possibilities of still be lived deeply dreams of a better life through its professional activity. In this direction, the cooperativism, inserted in the context of popular solidary economy, can be understood as a possibility in Environmental Education in the area of Artisanal Fishery, a time that is come back to the construction of hopes. It is understood that the methodology of qualitative research was the that better contemplated the objectives of this inquiry. Based in a case study, it was used techniques of collection of data, the half structuralized interview and the participatory observation. For the interpretation of phenomenon investigated, was opted for the textual analysis quality. The proposal was based, especially, in the Workmanships of Ernst Bloch, Paulo Freire and Gaston Bachelard, beyond Paul Singer and Carlos Frederico Loureiro. Faced with this problematization, it is confirmed the possibility to understand the cooperativism as a space of possibilities in Enviromental Education in the context of fishery artisanal, a time that fishermen in their cooperative organization, are constructing and fortifying their images of hope and happiness and living dreams of a better life through their professional activity.

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Oliveira, Esther Nespoli de. "Estudo da pesca artesanal em dois setores do complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape (SP) considerando relações sócio-ambientais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-22112011-164912/.

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Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo, a relação entre fatores sócio-ambientais e a pesca artesanal nos setores norte (Iguape) e sul (Cananéia) do Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape (SP), considerando as mudanças hidroquímicas provocadas pela água que adentra o sistema através Valo Grande, um canal artificial que drena parte água do Rio Ribeira de Iguape para o Mar Pequeno, junto ao município de Iguape. Os parâmetros hidrológicos abordados foram: penetração de luz, temperatura, salinidade, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, MPS e nutrientes dissolvidos obtidos em diferentes profundidades. Os dados relativos à atividade pesqueira e perfil social dos pescadores foram obtidos por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, com perguntas fechadas e abertas junto às comunidades caiçaras de Cananéia e Iguape. Os resultados ambientais mostraram diferenças hidrológicas importantes entre os dois setores, com baixa salinidade no setor norte, sob maior influência do canal do Valo Grande, enquanto a porção sul preserva as características estuarinas, porém sinais da interferência do setor norte já estão sendo sinalizados no sul, o que pode ser verificado junto a dados pretéritos do corpo hídrico. As espécies alvo de pesca encontradas nos dois setores do sistema também indicaram as alterações ambientais, mostrando características locais e variações sazonais. Foi verificado que os pescadores adaptaram-se às modificações ambientais, alternando as artes de pesca ao longo do ano e, investindo em embarcações, motores e petrechos de pesca, dando continuidade à atividade. Avaliando-se o perfil dos pescadores urbanos, foram verificadas condições sócio-econômicas que permitem viii que a maioria de suas residências seja de alvenaria, dispondo de abastecimento de água e energia provenientes da rede pública, porém a maioria dos entrevistados interromperam seus estudos. Este estudo evidenciou a dificuldade dos pescadores em ter o sustento somente da atividade pesqueira praticada, comprometendo assim, a sobrevivência desta tradição, e desestimulando o desenvolvimento deste setor. Esta situação também leva ao registro de um perfil diferenciado de caiçara, marcado pelo desempenho de outras atividades além da pesca. Assim, foi possível observar que diante de mudanças, extremas ou não, o comportamento humano estará sempre interligado ao ambiental, os quais estão em constante renovação, caracterizando a cultura de gerações. A economia solidária estabelecida por meio de uma cooperativa, ou de ações apoiadas por políticas públicas, constituem alternativas que contribuem à solução de alguns problemas que afetam as comunidades estudadas. Certamente, ações participativas que insiram o pescador nos projetos gestão e preservação ambiental, permitindo uma maior atuação junto às políticas públicas locais, contribuirão à sustentabilidade ambiental, sócio-cultural e econômica.
This work aims to study the relations between socio-environmental factors and the artisanal fishery in the sectors north (Iguape) and south (Cananéia) of the Cananéia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex, considering the hydrochemical changes caused by the water that enters within the system through Valo Grande, an artificial channel that drains part of the Ribeira de Iguape River waters to Mar Pequeno, Iguape. The hydrological parameters studied were: penetration of light, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, suspended particulate matter and dissolved nutrients obtained in different depths. The data concerning the fishery activities and social profile of the fishermen were obtained through semi-structured interviews, with closed and open questions made with the communities of Cananéia and Iguape. The environmental results showed important hydrological differences between the two sectors, with low salinity in the northern sector, under greater influence of Valo Grande Channel, while the southern sector still preserves estuarine characteristics. However, signals of the north interference are already being noticed in the south, this can be verified by comparing past data of the water body. The fishery target species found in the two sectors of the system also pointed to environmental changes, showing local characteristics and seasonal variations. It was verified that the fishermen adapted to the environmental changes by changing the fishery type throughout the year and investing in boats, engines and fishery equipment, this way continuing with the activity. Socio-economical conditions that allow most of the residences to be made of masonry, having energy and water supplied by the public services, were verified evaluating the fishermen profile. However most of the fishermen had their formal education interrupted. This study shows the difficulty of the fishermen to have their livelihood only by fishing, therefore compromising the survival of this tradition and discouraging the development of this sector. This situation also leads to register a differentiated fishermen profile, marked by the realization of other activities besides fishery. So, it was possible to observe that faced with changes, extremes or not, the human behavior will always be linked to the environment, they are in constant renovation, x characterizing the culture of generations. The solidarity economy established by a cooperative or by actions supported by public politics constitutes alternatives that contribute to the solution of some problems that affect this community. Certainly, participative actions, that insert the fishermen in management and environmental preservation projects, allowing a greater participation in local public policies, will contribute to the environmental, socio-cultural and economic sustainability.

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Marinho, Reynaldo Amorim. "Co-GestÃo como ferramenta de ordenamento para pesca de pequena escala do litoral leste do CearÃ-Brasil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7766.

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nÃo hÃ
Redonda, comunidade pesqueira distante 200 km de Fortaleza, capital do estado do CearÃ - Brasil, estÃ localizada nas coordenadas geogrÃficas 04Â25Â28,79â S e 037Â54Â17,97â W. A Praia de Redonda tem o segundo maior contingente populacional do municÃpio a que pertence â IcapuÃ, com 3.000 habitantes, com um total de aproximadamente 610 famÃlias, e tem o segundo maior nÃmero de embarcaÃÃes Ã vela destinadas Ã pesca de lagosta, atrÃs somente da capital Fortaleza. O estudo propÃe a construÃÃo de um modelo de gestÃo participativa â co- gestÃo â que pode promover a conservaÃÃo da pesca e dos recursos pesqueiros em grande escala, a partir da implementaÃÃo de modelo piloto em comunidades pesqueiras, integrando o elemento humano (usuÃrio) ao manejo pesqueiro. O objetivo geral dessa proposta foi realizar um levantamento do estado da arte do setor pesqueiro na comunidade de Redonda e estabelecer um marco de trabalho para o desenho dos planos de gestÃo dos recursos pesqueiros. Os planos de gestÃo incorporam princÃpios de sustentabilidade utilizando uma aproximaÃÃo de gestÃo integrada das Ãreas costeiras. O modelo de gestÃo foi baseado na participaÃÃo de todos os agentes envolvidos no setor pesqueiro, local ou nÃo, participando no processo de desenho, elaboraÃÃo e implementaÃÃo do plano de co-gestÃo. O estudo comeÃou a partir da aceitaÃÃo da necessidade de um novo modelo de gerenciamento pesqueiro cooperativo na Comunidade objeto do estudo, passando pela compreensÃo de que o sucesso da co-gestÃo pesqueira nÃo Ã somente dependente da boa implementaÃÃo do programa, mas tambÃm sobre o modo de como a idÃia foi concebida. Nosso foco no estÃgio da prÃ- implementaÃÃo nos levou a examinar a origem da idÃia e de que maneira, ou circunstÃncias, esse processo comeÃou na Comunidade para, a partir desse ponto, ter inÃcio a fase de levantamento de dados. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre 2007 e 2010 e esteve baseada na coleta de dados primÃrios e dados secundÃrios. O principal conflito relatado por moradores na Praia de Redonda Ã a luta de seus pescadores contra a presenÃa de mergulhadores na Ãrea de pesca de Redonda. A soluÃÃo da crise apresentada pela populaÃÃo Ã a criaÃÃo de uma AMP - Ãrea Marinha Protegida, com 2.200 kmÂ, dentro do que preconiza a lei do SNUC â Sistema Nacional de Unidades de ConservaÃÃo, beneficiando 13 comunidades pesqueiras pertencentes aos municÃpios de Aracati e IcapuÃ e aproximadamente 1930 pescadores. Foram contabilizadas 229 embarcaÃÃes pesqueiras somente em Redonda e, dessas, 180 unidades sÃo denominadas bote de casco e representam 78,6% da frota local. As principais artes de pesca utilizadas em Redonda sÃo as cangalhas para a captura de lagosta, enquanto que para a captura de peixe sÃo utilizadas as redes de espera, espinhel e linha de mÃo. A produÃÃo mÃdia de lagosta viva desembarcada em Redonda, no perÃodo de 2004 a 2009 foi 47,8 kg/barco/dia. AlÃm de lagosta, os peixes mais pescados sÃo: guaiÃba, cioba, dentÃo, sirigado, guarajuba, cavala, dourado, agulhÃo e albacora. O estudo demonstra a necessidade da implementaÃÃo do sistema de co-gestÃo pesqueira para a pesca artesanal na regiÃo leste do Estado como forma de propiciar a sustentabilidade da atividade pesqueira.
Redonda, a fishing village that is 200 km away from Fortaleza, capital of CearÃ State - Brazil, located at geographical coordinates 04Â 25â 28,79â S and 037Â 54â 17,97â W. Redonda Beach has the second largest population in the city, to which it belongs - IcapuÃ, with 3,000 inhabitants, with a total of about 610 families and a large number of sailing lobster boats, second only to the State capital, Fortaleza. The purpose of this study is the building of a model of participative management â co-management â which can promote the conservation of fisheries and fishery resources in a large scale, through the implementation of a pilot model in artisanal fisheries villages, integrating the human element (user) to fisheries management. The overall objective of this proposal was to survey the state of the art of the fishing sector in the Redonda community and establish a frame of work for the design of management plans for fishery resources. Management plans incorporate principles of sustainability using an approximation of integrated management of coastal zones. The management model was based on the participation of all stakeholders in the local fishing industry or not, participating in the process of designing, developing and implementing the plan of co-management. The study began by accepting the need for a new model of cooperative fishery management in the Community object of study, and realizing that the success of fisheries co-management is not only dependent on the successful implementation of the program, but also how the idea was conceived. Our focus at the pre-implementation stage led us to examine the origin of the idea and in what manner, or circumstances, this process began in the Community, and from there, began the data collection phase. Data was collected between 2007 and 2010 and was based on primary and secondary data. The main conflict reported by residents in Redonda Beach is its fishermenâs struggle against the presence of divers in the fishing area of Redonda. The solution presented by the population was the creation of an AMP - Marine Protected Area, with 2,200 square kilometers, in accordance with SNUC - National System of Conservation Units, benefiting 13 fishing communities belonging to the municipalities of Aracati and IcapuÃ and about 1,930 fishermen. In Redonda, alone, 229 fishing boats were accounted for out of which 180 are called boat hull and represent 78.6% of the local fleet. The main fishing gear used are cangalhas to catch lobster and fish is caught through the use of gill nets, longlines and hand line. The average landing of live lobsters in Redonda, from 2004 through 2009 was 47.8 kg/boat/day. Other than lobster, some important landed species are: yellowtail snapper, red snapper, dentÃo, sirigado, guarajuba, mackerel, dourado, marlin and yellowfin tuna. The study demonstrates the need of implementation of a fisheries co- management system for artisanal fisheries in the eastern coast of the State as a means to provide the sustainability of the fishing activity.

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Bahia, Natália Cristina Fidelis 1985. "Efeitos das mudanças socioecológicas sobre a pesca artesanal e a captura incidental de Tartarugas Marinhas no Bairro São Francisco (São Sebastião, São Paulo)." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315837.

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Orientador: Cristiana Simão Seixas
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como as mudanças sócio ecológicas afetam a pesca artesanal e a captura incidental de tartarugas marinhas no bairro São Francisco (São Sebastião, São Paulo) e como os pescadores estão respondendo às alterações nos últimos 60 anos. Para tanto, a capacidade adaptativa de sistemas complexos e o conhecimento ecológico local foram adotados como referencial teórico. Os métodos de coleta de dados consistiram na aplicação de entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos pescadores artesanais (canoa e batera), mapeamento participativo, acompanhamento de desembarque pesqueiro, observação direta e levantamento de dados secundários. Os pescadores observaram várias mudanças ao longo desse período que influenciaram na atividade pesqueira local, especialmente migração de pescadores catarinenses de arrasto de camarão, introdução de petrechos de pesca mais eficientes, aumento do esforço de pesca de embarcações de médio porte, surgimento de novas oportunidades de trabalho com o crescimento urbano e industrial do município e expansão do turismo. Como conseqüência, houve alterações nos petrechos de pesca e pontos de pesca utilizados, redução na quantidade de pescados capturados e aumento na ocorrência de capturas incidentais de tartarugas marinhas. Os desembarques pesqueiros amostrados foram analisados em dois conjuntos: pescarias provenientes de São Sebastião, especialmente da costa norte (Área 1) e da Costa da Ilhabela, Ilha de Búzios e Ilha Vitória (Área 2). Atualmente existe um predomínio do uso de rede de lanço bitana pelos pescadores de canoas e bateras da Área 1, enquanto o cerco-flutuante e a rede de emalhe de fundo foram os petrechos mais empregados na Área 2. A produção total registrada no período de outubro/2009 a setembro/2010 foi superior na Área 2, assim como a riqueza de espécies de pescados. Na Área 1, apenas quatro grupos de pescados (corvina - Micropogonias furnieri; parati - Mugil curema; tainha - Mugil liza e raias - Rajomorphii) foram responsáveis pela maioria das capturas registradas (71% do total). Dos 29% da produção restante, 11% são caratinga (Diapterus spp.) e canhanha (Archosargus rhomboidalis), pescados de baixo valor comercial e tamanhos menores. Houve ainda relatos de alterações no clima local, principalmente relacionadas a um aumento na instabilidade do tempo. As estratégias adaptativas adotadas pelos pescadores para lidar com as mudanças Sócio ecológicas incluíam principalmente, a procura por novas formas de trabalho (não relacionadas à pesca), a migração para a pesca de arrasto de camarão e o uso de petrechos de pesca multiespecíficos (por exemplo, rede de lanço bitana). A motorização das embarcações, além do alcance de áreas de pesca mais distantes, possibilitou que os pescadores enfrentassem a instabilidade do tempo de forma mais segura do que com embarcações a remo. Apesar da capacidade de se adaptarem demonstrada até o momento, o abandono da pesca artesanal por muitas famílias de pescadores associada ao acesso aos meios de comunicação em massa, pode contribuir para a perda do conhecimento ecológico local e sua transmissão. Essa perda pode comprometer a percepção dos pescadores e as estratégias adotadas para enfrentar as mudanças socioecológicas futuras, afetando conseqüentemente, a capacidade adaptativa da comunidade pesqueira do bairro São Francisco
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate how socio-ecological changes affect artisanal fishing and sea turtle bycatch in the São Francisco neighborhood (São Sebastião, São Paulo) and how the fishermen are responding to such changes during the last 60 years. For that, adaptive capacity of complex systems and local ecological knowledge were adopted as theoretical frameworks for data analysis. Data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews with artisanal fishers (those using dugout canoes and batera), participatory mapping, fish landings surveys, direct observation and secondary data analysis. Fishermen observed several changes that influenced local fisheries during the analyzed period, mainly the migration of shrimp bottom trawling fishermen, the introduction of more efficient fishing gears, the increase of fishing efforts of medium-sized vessels, the emergence of new jobs due to urban and industrial growth and tourism development. As a result, fishing gear and fishing areas were modified, the amount of fish catch was reduced and the occurrence of sea turtle bycatch increased. The sampled fish landings were divided in two sets for analysis: fisheries from São Sebastião, particularly the northern coast (Area 1) and from the coast of Ilhabela, Búzios Island and Vitória Island (Area 2). Currently, there is a predominant use of encircling nets (bitana) by dugout canoe and batera fishermen from Area 1, while floating fixed trap nets and bottom gill nets were the most used fishing gears in Area 2. Total production registered between October/2009 and September/2010 was higher in Area 2, as well as the richness of captured species. In Area 1, only four groups of fish (whitemouth croacker - Micropogonias furnieri; white mullet - Mugil curema; mullet - Mugil liza and rays - Rajomorphii) were responsible for most of the recorded catches (71% of total). Mojarra (Diapterus spp.) and Western Atlantic seabream (Archosargus rhomboidalis) represent about 11% out of the 29% remaining production, wich are small sized and low commercial value fish. Fishermen have been perceiving some climate changes, specially an increase in weather instability. The adaptive strategies adopted by artisanal fishermen to deal with socio-ecological changes included searching for new jobs (unrelated to fisheries), shifting to shrimp bottom trawling fishery and using multispecific fishing gear (for example, encircling bitana nets). The motorized vessels allowed the fishermen to face more safely the weather instability when compared to non-motorized canoes, and it also enabled them to reach more distant fishing areas. Despite the demonstrated adapting ability until the present moment, the abandonment of artisanal fishing by many fishing families, associated with urbanization and mass media access, can contribute to loss of local ecological knowledge and its transmission. This loss may compromise fishermen perception and the adopted strategies to address socio-ecological future changes, consequently affecting the adaptive capacity of São Francisco neighborhood fishing community
Mestrado
Ecologia
Mestre em Ecologia

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Freitas, Rodrigo Rodrigues de 1978. "Implicações de políticas de conservação e desenvolvimento na pesca artesanal costeira em uma área marinha protegida da Baía da Ilha Grande." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281120.

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Orientadores: Cristiana Simão Seixas, Sônia Regina da Cal Seixas
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Quase todo território dos municípios do litoral sul do Rio de Janeiro (Paraty e Angra dos Reis) está incluído em alguma categoria de Área Protegida. Este estudo visa investigar as implicações das políticas de conservação da biodiversidade e de desenvolvimento na pesca artesanal em uma Área Marinha Protegida, a Estação Ecológica (ESEC) de Tamoios. Para tanto, foram analisadas as respostas das instituições (formais e informais) de gestão da pesca artesanal costeira às mudanças socioecológicas ocorridas nos últimos cinqüenta anos no nível local e regional (Baía da Ilha Grande). Um segundo objetivo foi investigar quais mudanças no arranjo institucional da ESEC de Tamoios possuem potencial para promover o aumento na robustez institucional da pesca artesanal costeira e contribuir com as dinâmicas territoriais de desenvolvimento em curso no sistema socioecológico. O trabalho de campo foi realizado nas duas comunidades mais afetadas pela ESEC de Tamoios durante cento e cinquenta e quatro dias distribuídos ao longo de dois anos e oito meses entre fevereiro de 2011e setembro de 2013. O método de pesquisa foi baseado na teoria fundamentada na prática, e as técnicas de coleta de dados incluíram: (i) entrevistas semiestruturadas e abertas com cento e quarenta e oito indivíduos; (ii) revisão de políticas e análise de fontes documentais; (iii) observação direta em arenas de tomada de decisão e; (iv) observação participante em pescarias. Os desafios e oportunidades para o desenvolvimento territorial da Baía da Ilha Grande são discutidos com base nas respostas do Estado à crise nos recursos pesqueiros e na literatura sobre sistemas socioecológicos. No nível local são apresentadas as inovações técnicas nas artes de pesca, no comércio e nas instituições de gestão dos recursos pesqueiros. Os princípios para o design de instituições robustas foram comparados com a situação da pesca artesanal nas comunidades e com as reivindicações dos pescadores artesanais. São discutidos os desafios e as oportunidades para processos de cogestão adaptativa envolvidos na análise do jogo de atores para promover mudanças nos arranjos institucionais da ESEC de Tamoios
Abstract: Almost the entire territory of municipalities in the Rio de Janeiro State South litoral (Paraty e Angra dos Reis) is included in some Protected Area category. This study investigates the implications of biodiversity conservation and development policies on artisanal fisheries at a Marine Protected Area, namely the Ecological Station (ESEC) of Tamoios. Coastal fisheries management institutions responses (formal or informal) to changes in the last fifty years were analysed in local and regional (Ilha Grande Bay) levels. A second objective was to investigate which changes in the institutional arrangement ESEC of Tamoios have the potential to increase institutional roubustness of coastal artisanal fisheries and contribute to on-going territorial development dynamics in the socio-ecological system. Field work was undertaken at two of the most affected communities by the ESEC of Tamoios during one hundred and fifty-four days distributed along two years and eight months between February 2011 and September 2013. The research method was based in grounded theory and techniques employed for data collection included: (i) semi-structured and open interviews with one hundred and forty-eight individuals; (ii) policies review and analysis of documented sources; (iii) direct observation in decision making arenas and; (iv) participant observation in fishing activities. The challenges and opportunities for territorial development at Ilha Grande Bay are discussed based in responses by the State to the crisis in fishery resources and in socio-ecological systems literature. Local level technical inovations in fishing gears, commerce and fisheries resources management institutions are also presented. The principles for designing roubust institutions are compared to the current condition of artisanal fisheries in the studied communities and with artisanal fisheries claims. The potential for adaptive co-management processes related to the analysis of stakeholders interactions to promote changes in the institutional arrangement of the ESEC of Tamoios are discussed
Doutorado
Aspectos Biológicos de Sustentabilidade e Conservação
Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade

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Esparza, Alaminos Oscar. "Estudio de la pesca artesanal en el entorno de la reserva marina de Cabo de Palos – Islas Hormigas. Estrategias de pesca, efecto de la protección y propuestas para la gestión." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81689.

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Los objetivos de la tesis fueron estudiar los factores que pueden explicar la variabilidad existente en la distribución e intensidad de la pesca artesanal en torno a una reserva marina (RM), valorar el efecto de la protección sobre la pesca y analizar y valorar los efectos bio-económicos de configuraciones alternativas de diseño y gestión. Los resultados revelaron que las embarcaciones artesanales calan más artes, de menor longitud, en zonas de elevada diversidad de hábitats. El rendimiento pesquero depende del nivel de protección, la distancia a la RM y la diversidad de artes por unidad de área. La protección está teniendo resultados positivos sobre las poblaciones de peces explotadas y beneficiando a la economía local. El aumento de superficie protegida, distribuido en varias reservas integrales en emplazamientos adecuados, distanciadas unas decenas kilómetros, más que la reducción del esfuerzo, tendría efectos positivos sobre el poblamiento de peces y la economía local.
The aim of the present work is to study the factors that may explain the variability in distribution and intensity of artisanal fishing around a marine reserve, evaluate the reserve effect and analyze and assess the biological and economic effects of alternative configurations of a marine protected area. The results revealed that artisanal vessels used more fishing gears, but shorter, in high habitat diversity areas. The fishing yield depends of protection level, distance to marine reserve and diversity of fishing gears per unit area. The protection measures have had positive results on exploited fish populations and in the local economy. The increase of protected area surface, distributed on several no take zones at appropriate locations, a few kilometers apart, more than the reduction of the fishing effort, would have positive effects on the population of commercial fishes and the local economy.

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Leite, Marta Collier Ferreira. "O conhecimento ecológico local dos pescadores de Ubatuba, litoral norte do estado de São Paulo, como subsídio ao manejo pesqueiro com enfoque ecossistêmico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-18042012-155558/.

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Em Ubatuba (SP), a pesca apresenta grande importância sócio-econômica e requer, como em outros locais, um manejo adequado. Estudos sobre o conhecimento ecológico local dos pescadores (FEK) vêm sendo considerados promissores para o manejo pesqueiro, porém poucos são delineados especificamente com esse fim. Este estudo objetivou investigar o conhecimento ecológico dos pescadores locais visando fornecer indicadores detalhados sobre a ocorrência espacial e sazonal dos recursos e da pesca, além de propor uma nova metodologia. Para tal, a partir de uma adaptação do método Delphi, caracterizado pela busca de consenso, foram efetuadas 3 rodadas de entrevistas a um total de 109 pescadores locais, em 12 comunidades pesqueiras e 3 pontos de desembarques. O FEK revelou-se sólido e detalhado, visto que permitiu identificar informações relevantes para o manejo pesqueiro com enfoque ecossistêmico. Foi possível encontrar consenso em questões-chave, tais como: (1) a localização dos principais \"pesqueiros\" por arte de pesca, (2) a distribuição espacial e sazonal dos principais recursos, (3) a identificação potencial de habitats essenciais e (4) sugestões para o ordenamento pesqueiro. A metodologia proposta se mostrou de grande valia para a investigação do conhecimento dos pescadores e sua aplicação prática em questões de manejo. Espera-se contribuir para planos de manejo pesqueiro que considerem a \"saúde\" do ecossistema e as necessidades dos pescadores locais.
In Ubatuba (SP), fishing shows a great socio-economic importance, and, just like elsewhere, requires an effective management. Studies on fisher\'s ecological knowledge (FEK) have been considered a promissory field for fisheries management but few efforts have been specifically delineated with such a goal. This study aimed to investigate local FEK in order to provide detailed indicators about the spatial and seasonal occurrence of fishing and its fishery resources. It also proposes a new methodology, adapted from Delphi\'s which is characterized by the search of consensus. Overall, a total of 109 local fishers were interviewed along 12 local communities and 3 landing sites in 3 sequential rounds. FEK proved to be consistent and detailed, allowing to identify important information for ecosystem-based fisheries management and find consensus on key-issues such as: (1) the locations of major fishing grounds per the different fishing gears, (2) the spatial distribution and seasonal occurrence of major fishery resources, (3) identification of potential essential fish habitats (EFH), and (4) fishers\' suggestions for local fishery management. The new methodology proved to be useful for FEK studies and its practical application for management. Thus, it is expected to contribute in local fisheries management plans that consider both the health of the ecosystem and the needs of local fishers.

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Gomes, Hélène. "Gestion écosystémique et durabilité des pêcheries artisanales tropicales face aux changements globaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Guyane, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022YANE0004.

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Les changements globaux induisent de grandes pressions sur les écosystèmes marins, leurbiodiversité et les pêcheries qui en dépendent. Dans ce contexte, de nombreux scientifiquesprônent l'utilisation de l'approche écosystémique pour la gestion de pêches (AEGP). Néanmoins,la manière d’opérationnaliser l’AEGP reste controversée. La thèse apporte des éclairages surl’opérationnalisation de cette dernière pour les pêcheries côtières tropicales.Pour ce faire, nous proposons un modèle de complexité intermédiaire (MICE) multi-espèces,multi-flottilles et multi-critères, prenant en compte les impacts des changements globaux. Lemodèle est calibré pour la pêcherie artisanale côtière guyanaise. A l'échelle guyanaise, leréchauffement climatique, l'augmentation de population humaine et les variations de surface dela mangrove sont considérés comme les déterminants majeurs du changement global. A partirdu modèle calibré, plusieurs stratégies de pêche et scénarios environnementaux sont comparésà long terme. Dans ce cadre, des premiers résultats publiés (chapitre 3) montrent le rôle négatifdu changement climatique à la fois sur la biodiversité marine et la production halieutique. Cestravaux mettent également en évidence le rôle majeur de la compétition entre espèces depoissons. Puis dans le chapitre 4 en comparant les résultats bio-économiques obtenus pourchaque stratégie de pêche, ces travaux mettent en lumière l’intérêt de stratégies d’éco-viabilitéen termes de durabilité et de réconciliation écologico-économique. Les derniers résultatsprésentés dans cette thèse, au chapitre 5, soulignent l’impact positif de la mangrove, bienqu’insuffisant pour compenser l’impact négatif du réchauffement climatique, sur la durabilitéécologico-économique de la pêche côtière. Au-delà de ces résultats, cette thèse apporte unesérie de contributions transversales importantes. En premier lieu, sur le plan méthodologique,ces travaux permettent d'exposer les avantages des MICE pour la mise en place de l’AEGP.Ensuite, en mettant en évidence les facteurs écologiques majeurs de l'écosystème avec d'unepart l'interaction de compétition et d'autre part les filtres environnementaux, les travauxéclairent les complexités écologiques nécessaires à l’AEGP. Enfin, en évaluant et comparant lesperformances écologico-économiques de différentes stratégies de pêche, ces travauxpermettent d'ébaucher des politiques publiques pour avancer vers la durabilité de la pêcheriecôtière guyanaise et vers l’AEGP face aux changements globaux
Global changes induce high pressure on marine ecosystems, biodiversity and fisheries. In thatregard many scientists advocate the use of an ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM).However, the operationalization of such an ecosystem-based approach remains challenging. Thisthesis gives insight into the operationalization of EBFM for tropical coastal fisheries. To achievethat we propose a multi-species, multi-fleet and multi-criteria model of intermediate complexity(MICE), taking into account the impacts of global changes. The model is calibrated for theGuyanese small-scale coastal fishery. At local scale, global warming, the increase of populationand the variations of mangrove surface are considered as the main drivers of global changes.From the calibrated model, several fishing management strategies and environmental scenariosare compared in the long-run. In this context, the first results published (chapter 3) show thedetrimental impact of climate change on both marine biodiversity and fishery production. Thispaper also highlights the major role of ecological competition between species. Then, in thechapter 4, by comparing the bio-economic results obtained under each fishing managementstrategy, this research demonstrates the interest of Ecoviability strategies in terms ofsustainability and ecologico-economic reconciliation. The last results displayed in this thesis, inchapter 5, underline the positive impact of mangrove on ecologico-economic sustainability of thecoastal fishery, even if it is insufficient to balance the negative impact of warming. Beyond theseresults, this thesis brings a series of important transverse contributions. First, methodologically,this research permits to show the benefits of MICE to operationalize EBFM. Then, by highlightingthe major ecological factors of the ecosystem with on the one hand the interaction ofcompetition and on the other hand the environmental filters, the work sheds light on theecological complexities necessary for the EBFM. Finally, by evaluating and comparing theecologico-economic performances of several fishing strategies, this research permits to outlinepolicy recommendations to move towards the sustainability of the Guyanese coastal fishery andtowards EBFM, in the face of global changes

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Azevedo, Venancio Guedes de. "Sustentabilidade da pesca direcionada ao Camarão-sete-barbas, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862), no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-03022014-114337/.

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O presente estudo analisou a pescaria direcionada ao camarão-sete-barbas no Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo como um Sistema Sócio Ecológico, tendo sido descritas suas variáveis, interações e resultados. Foram realizados estudos específicos sobre a frota pesqueira, a economia envolvida e o perfil socioeconômico do pescador. Os resultados do estudo pesqueiro indicaram a existência de três grupos distintos de embarcações, que pescam da mesma maneira e nos mesmos pesqueiros, são fiéis às localidades de desembarque e apresentam rendimento diferenciado. O estudo econômico indicou que o óleo diesel foi a maior fonte geradora de despesas quanto ao custo de operação, para todos os grupos e, que a pequena diferença encontrada entre o lucro obtido por pescadores que atuam através de uma cooperativa em relação aos não cooperados, não apresenta vantagens diretas que estimulem adesões ao cooperativismo. O estudo socioeconômico salientou a alta dependência do pescador em relação ao recurso alvo, pois é sua principal fonte de renda. A aplicação do método de Sistema Sócio Ecológico evidenciou as medidas de desempenho social e a resiliência como indicadores de sustentabilidade deste sistema e também os pontos positivos e negativos que tendem a manter, aumentar ou reduzir a sustentabilidade do mesmo
The present study evaluated the sea bob shrimp [Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862)]-directed fishery off São Paulo State, Brazil as a socio-ecologic system. Research efforts included surveys on the inherent variables, interactions and results, including the related economic aspects and the socio-economic profiling of the fishers engaged in this fishery. Results indicated that there are three distinct fleets. Those fleets operated in similar ways, shared the same fishing grounds and landed the production at the same landing sites, but had differences regarding income. It was found that the fuel had the highest impact on the economic cost of the fishing operations for all fleets, and the small profit difference per fisher found between vessels associated to fishing cooperatives in relation to those independently funded do not encourage coop adherence. The socio-economic survey indicated that fishing profits represent the main source of income for the fishers households. The outputs of the socio-ecologic system method applied to the data suggest that social performance actions plus the regional ecosystem resilience are the leading indicators of the sustainability of this system. In addition, the positive and negative points that maintain, increase or decrease the sustainability were also identified

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Fukuda, Juliana Cristina. "Avaliação de Variáveis para Delimitação de Áreas Protegidas Costeiras e Marinhas: sugestão de limites para uma Unidade de Conservação costeira de Uso Sustentável na região das Reentrâncias Maranhenses (Estado do Maranhão, Brasil)." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1197.

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The protected areas (PAs) for nature conservation are important tools for maintaining ecological function and biodiversity conservation in a determined region. Specific laws for their protection are applied in the defined space within their limits. Thus, considering boundaries definition as a characteristic of fundamental importance to reach the goals for which the protected area has been created, in this work we aimed to evaluate socioeconomic- cultural and environmental features, and also management and political variables for suggesting boundaries to a marine costal protected area (MCPA) in the Reentrâncias Maranhenses region, with special attention to the municipality of Porto Rico do Maranhão. This portion of coast is characterized for its high nutrients levels, macro-tidal regimes, large continental shelf and exuberant mangroves, and the artisanal fishing as the main economic activity. We limited the purpose of this study to the managed MCPAs. We used interviews, field observations, water and sediment samples and secondary information to reach the following goals: 1) survey on the MCPAs in Brazil, analysing the management difficulties answered by their managers related to the boundaries definition; 2) discussion whether to create a new protected area in the region and its advantages; 3) characterize the local fishery and the direct users of fishery resources; 4) make a list of vertebrates species (not including herpetofauna) and benthos species which have occurrence indication in the area; 5) classify the local environments based on orbital images and field work; 6) sample estuarine waters for physical and chemical analysis; 7) consider land tenure, fishery management and navigation safety issues. The main contributions of this work are: a) information on 141 publicly managed coastal and marine protected areas; b) confirmation that in the older protected areas there have been fewer studies on boundary definition, in inverse proportion to current occurrence of management problems. These studies have been more frequent in the Extractive Reserves than in the Environmental Protected Areas; c) indications of an unsustainable fishery, socially, economically and environmentally endangering the region; d) occurrence indication of 89 fish morphospecies, 25 of shore birds and 6 of mammals, emphasizing the ones in danger of extinction; e) elaboration and analysis of a multi-criteria matrix to indicate the most important environments for protection; f) indication of an ideal area for protection, only considering environmental concepts and indication of an area we believe would be the most suitable for a PA, considering the other management variables. Yet, this suggestion must be discussed with all the stakeholders, in a consistent effort to make aware and empower the users so that they realize that the conflicts and problems will only be minimized with stakeholder participation and commitment to the issue.
As Unidades de Conservação (UCs) áreas protegidas para conservação da natureza são importantes instrumentos para conservação da biodiversidade e dos recursos ambientais de determinada região. Legislações específicas para sua proteção se aplicam ao espaço definido pelos seus limites. Desta forma, considerando a delimitação de uma UC como característica de fundamental importância para atingir os objetivos pelas quais a área foi criada, buscamos neste trabalho avaliar características ambientais e sócio-econômico-culturais, bem como variáveis políticas e de gestão, para sugerir limites para uma Unidade de Conservação costeiro-marinha (UCCM) na região das Reentrâncias Maranhenses, com especial atenção à região do município de Porto Rico do Maranhão. Esta porção da costa é caracterizada pelo alto aporte de nutrientes, regime de macro-marés, plataforma continental larga e manguezais exuberantes, sendo a pesca artesanal a principal atividade econômica. O escopo deste trabalho foi limitado às UCCMs de uso sustentável. Através de entrevistas, observações de campo, coleta de água e sedimento, e dados secundários, realizaramse: 1) levantamento das UCCMs de uso sustentável do Brasil, analisando-se as dificuldades de gestão relacionadas aos limites da área, de acordo com seus atuais gestores; 2) discussão sobre a necessidade e vantagens de se criar uma nova UC na região; 3) caracterização da pesca e dos usuários diretos dos recursos pesqueiros na região; 4) listagem das espécies de vertebrados (exceto herpetofauna) e de bentos de ocorrência na área; 5) classificação de ambientes lcoais com base em imagens orbitais e trabalho de campo; 6) amostragem de águas estuarinas para análises físicoquímicas; 7) considerações referentes a questões fundiárias, de pesca e de segurança da navegação. Como principais contribuições deste trabalho citam-se: a) levantamento de dados referentes a 141 UCCMs de uso sustentável, exceto RPPNs; b) confirmação de que as UCs mais antigas tiveram menos estudos para delimitação da área a ser protegida, em proporção inversa à ocorrência de problemas de gestão atuais. Entre as Reservas Extrativistas os estudos foram mais freqüentes do que entre as Áreas de Proteção Ambiental; c) demonstração de indícios de insustentabilidade da atividade pesqueira, com comprometimento social, econômico e ambiental da região; d) indicação de ocorrência de 89 morfoespécies de peixes, 25 de aves costeiras e 6 de mamíferos, destacando-se espécies ameaçadas de extinção; e) elaboração e análise de uma matriz-multi-critérios, para indicar ambientes mais importantes para proteção; f) indicação de uma área ideal para proteção, considerando apenas conceitos ambientais, e de uma área que acreditamos ser a mais adequada para a uma UC, considerando demais variáveis de gestão. Esta proposta deve ainda ser discutida juntamente com todos os grupos interessados, em um esforço consistente de conscientização dos usuários e empoderamento dos mesmos, assim como promoção de alternativas de geração de renda, de forma que eles percebam que os conflitos existentes só serão minimizados com a própria participação e comprometimento da comunidade interessada em relação à questão.

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Marin, Francesca. ""The first animal to disappear will be the artisanal fisher" : fishing, knowing and 'managing' the Veldés Peninsula." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239139.

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McMinn, Miranda. "Tourism, coastal livelihoods, vulnerability and governance in South India : tourism, actors and artisanal marine fishers in Varkala, Kerala." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/tourism-coastal-livelihoods-vulnerability-and-governance-in-south-india--tourism-actors-and-artisanal-marine-fishers-in-varkala-kerala(abd7d183-864b-4d7a-8321-218057749837).html.

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Venturato, Raquel Duarte. "Desafios do modo de vida da pesca artesanal em água doce num contexto socioambiental adverso : uma análise sociológica do caso do bairro rural do Tanquã, Piracicaba/SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/50.

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The intensification concerning the multiple uses of water in the Piracicaba River Basin has led to alterations in the aquatic ecosystem, affecting the fishery supplies with a deleterious influence and causing great limitations to the survival and social reproduction of traditional communities. The way of life within Tanquã community is centered on the artisan fishery, which implies on the fabrication of their own corporal techniques, ways of production, knowledge, beliefs and habits all characterized as traditional. The deterioration of the aquatic ecosystem acts as a factor of dissolution in this way of life. On one hand, by compromising and restricting the use of natural resources and on the other hand, by demanding the modernization of such techniques so that the artisan fishery can gain additional life span. There is reluctance within the Tanquã that appears as representations of their universe, in the oral memory, and the extra-economic sociability, providing a counterview to a full commitment to the market rationality. Between the desire to resist, affirming itself as a valid way of life, and the need to adjust to the dynamics of macro social environments, the Tanquã community lives the duality of a collective identity, sometimes strengthen, and sometimes threatened. As a case study, the objective of this article presents a brief description and a sociological analysis of the process, from a qualitative approach, in which the oral account and the direct observation are blend to characterize the structure and the dynamics of social production of the community.
A intensificação nos múltiplos usos das águas na Bacia do Rio Piracicaba tem promovido alterações no ecossistema aquático com decorrente influência deletéria sobre os estoques dos recursos pesqueiros, o que implica em limitações na sobrevivência e reprodução social de comunidades tradicionais. A Comunidade Tanquã do Piracicaba têm o modo de vida centrado na pesca artesanal, afirmando-se nas práticas de trabalho que envolve a particularidade das técnicas corporais, dos meios de produção, saberes, crenças e hábitos caracterizados como tradicionais. A deterioração do ecossistema aquático age como um fator de dissolução deste modo de vida, de um lado comprometendo e restringindo o uso dos recursos naturais, e de outro exigindo a modernização de tais práticas para que a pesca artesanal alcance uma sobrevida. A resistência aparece nas representações de mundo, na memória oral, na sociabilidade extra-econômica, conferindo um contraponto a uma adesão plena à racionalidade de mercado. Entre o desejo de resistir, afirmando-se como um modo de vida válido, e a necessidade de ajustar-se à dinâmica socioambiental macro envolvente, que no caso se manifesta como deletéria à qualidade do ecossistema aquático, a comunidade do Tanquã vive na dualidade da identidade coletiva, que ora se reforça ora se sente ameaçada. Como um estudo de caso, esta dissertação objetiva apresentar uma descrição sucinta e uma análise sociológica do processo a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, na qual os relatos orais e a observação direta mesclam-se para caracterizar a estrutura e a dinâmica da produção social do lugar.

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Souza, Shirley Pacheco de. "Etnobiologia de cetáceos por pescadores artesanais da costa brasileira." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316350.

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Orientador: Alpina Begossi
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Este estudo registra e analisa o conhecimento ecológico dos pescadores artesanais da costa brasileira. O conhecimento dos pescadores é empírico, prático e contém registros em longo prazo sobre espécies e eventos ambientais, incluindo informações biológicas, ecológicas e culturais. Tendo a Ecologia Humana e a Etnobiologia como bases conceituais e metodológicas caracterizamos o conhecimento dos pescadores sobre a classificação, a nomenclatura e a ecologia dos cetáceos. Entrevistamos 171 pescadores artesanais de comunidades localizadas em Soure (Ilha do Marajó) na região norte, em Ponta Negra (Natal) na região nordeste, em São Sebastião (São Paulo) na região sudeste e em Pântano do Sul (Florianópolis) na região sul do Brasil. Os cetáceos fazem parte da megafauna impactada pela captura acidental na pesca. Cerca de metade das espécies existentes no Brasil está classificada pela Lista Vermelha da IUCN como espécies com dados insuficientes, devido à falta de informação sobre elas. Conforme os resultados desta pesquisa, os pescadores reconheceram 17 espécies de cetáceos e as agruparam em quatro etnogêneros e 37 etnoespécies. O conhecimento dos pescadores sobre as áreas de ocorrência, habitats preferenciais, sazonalidade, tamanhos de grupo e reprodução dos cetáceos forneceu informações para 16 espécies. O boto-cinza (Sotalia guianensis) e o golfinho-nariz-de-garrafa (Tursiops truncatus) foram as espécies mais citadas nas quatro áreas. Os tópicos mais conhecidos foram áreas de ocorrência e tamanhos de grupo, e o menos conhecido foi reprodução. Em relação às interações entre cetáceos e atividades pesqueiras, as informações obtidas indicaram os seguintes tipos de interações: competição (com os peixes e os pescadores), cooperação (com os pescadores) e predação (sobre as espécies-alvo da pesca ou como presa para outros predadores de topo). As espécies mais comuns em cada área (S. guianensis, T. truncatus, Inia geoffrensis, Stenella clymene, Pontoporia blainvillei e Eubalaena australis) são as mais conhecidas e as mais mencionadas como principais competidores ou cooperadores. A captura acidental de cetáceos foi a interação mais citada. Os pescadores conhecem detalhes sobre os hábitos alimentares de alguns cetáceos, descrevendo 28 tipos diferentes de comportamentos alimentares e listando 48 espécies de peixes, moluscos e crustáceos como presas preferenciais. Fatores culturais e ambientais, tais como variações oceanográficas nas áreas de estudo e variações no uso de recursos influenciaram o conhecimento dos pescadores. Comparando as informações dos pescadores sobre as espécies mais comuns de cetáceos com aquelas contidas na literatura científica encontramos grande concordância em relação aos aspectos ecológicos e às interações com a pesca. Apenas para duas espécies (Stenella clymene e Inia geoffrensis) o conhecimento dos pescadores foi discordante da literatura. Estes casos de inconsistência entre os dois tipos de conhecimento podem refletir alguma falta de conhecimento dos pescadores sobre estas espécies ou, por outro lado, podem sugerir novas linhas de pesquisa. O conhecimento dos pescadores sobre as interações envolvendo cetáceos são úteis ao manejo das capturas acidentais, fornecendo informações sobre áreas críticas de captura e sugerindo locais e designs alternativos para as redes de espera. Sugerimos que este conhecimento seja considerado nas estratégias de manejo pesqueiro, já que pode contribuir para minimizar as interações negativas entre os cetáceos e a pesca
Abstract: This study records and analyzes fishers' local ecological knowledge (LEK) on cetaceans in the Brazilian coast. Fishers' (LEK) is empirical, practical-oriented, embedded with long-term records on local species or environmental events, and includes important biological, ecological and cultural information. Choosing Human Ecology and Ethnobiology as methodological base and considering cultural and oceanographic variations in the studied areas, we present fishers' knowledge through Folk Taxonomy and Ethnoecology. We interviewed 171 fishers from communities situated in four areas in Brazil: Soure (at Marajó Island, northern coast), Ponta Negra (at Natal, northeastern coast), São Sebastião (at southeastern coast) and Pântano do Sul (at Florianópolis, southern coast). Cetaceans are among the megafauna impacted by bycatch in fisheries. Nearly half of the cetacean species occurring in Brazil are classified by the IUCN Red List as "data deficient" due to lack of information about them. We studied fishers' LEK on cetaceans' classification and nomenclature. Fishers recognized 17 cetacean species and included them in four folk genera and 37 folk species. We recorded fishers' knowledge on cetaceans' ecology. Fishers reported 112 occurrence areas, providing information on preferential habitats, seasonality patterns, group sizes and reproduction for cetacean species. The topics most known by the fishers are occurrence areas and group sizes, and the least known is reproduction. The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) and the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) are the most cited species. Fishers' LEK on cetaceans' interactions with fisheries indicated the following kinds of interactions: competition (with local fish and fishers), cooperation (to the fishers), and predation (on fisheries' target species or as prey for other top predators). The most common species in each place (Sotalia guianensis, Tursiops truncatus, Inia geoffrensis, Stenella clymene, Pontoporia blainvillei and Eubalaena australis) are the most known by the fishers, and those mentioned as the main cooperators or competitors. As a result of these interactions some cetaceans are accidentally caught by gillnets used near the coast. Fishers know details about the feeding habits of some species, describing 28 different feeding behaviors and listing 48 species of fishes, mollusks and crustaceans as preferential prey. There were variations among fishers' LEK in the study areas, probably influenced by the level of communities' dependence on natural resources and by variations in oceanographic parameters. We compare fishers' knowledge on the most common species with the information in the scientific literature and we found great concordance in relation to cetaceans' occurrence areas, seasonality, group sizes, prey items and their interactions with fisheries except for two species (Stenella clymene and Inia geoffrensis), to which fishers' information was discordant. These cases of inconsistency between LEK and scientific literature could reflect the fishers' lack of knowledge on these species or, conversely, could suggest new lines of investigation. Fishers' knowledge on the cetaceans' feeding behavior and their interactions to fisheries can be helpful, through the indication of bycatch critical areas and alternative location for setting gillnets, as well as possible alterations in gillnets' designs. We suggest that fishers' knowledge should be considered in fisheries management plans, helping to minimize the negative interactions between cetaceans and fisheries
Doutorado
Ecologia
Doutor em Ecologia

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Louis-Jean, Laurent. "Étude de la pêche artisanale côtière aux filets de fond aux Antilles françaises afin de réduire les captures accidentelles de tortues marines et obtenir une activité plus durable." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE3028/document.

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Le plan de restauration des tortues marines aux Antilles françaises a été validé par le Conseil National pour la Conservation de la Nature en 2006. Les captures accidentelles dans les filets de fond, i.e. les trémail, folle et filet droit, sur le plateau continental constituent la principale menace. Des filets faisant varier la hauteur, le maillage et l’inclinaison ont été comparés à des filets professionnels au cours de 226 pêches expérimentales. Le trémail est peu sélectif. Des filets à profil bas permettent d’obtenir des rendements comparables et réduiraient les captures de tortues. Les captures accidentelles sont plus abondantes dans les trémails et les folles. Les pêches à longs temps de calée provoquent plus de 90% de taux de mortalité de tortues et augmentent les quantités de rejets. Près de deux milliers de tortues seraient capturées chaque année aux Antilles françaises, avec une mortalité avoisinant les 60%. Les tortues adultes pêchées l’ont été en période de nidification et les tortues dites résidentes sont dans la grande majorité des juvéniles ou sub-adultes, cause de la surexploitation locale passée et signe de populations non stables. La menace « pêche » est d’autant plus importante qu’elle touche les femelles nidifiantes, meilleurs espoirs de rétablissement des stocks. En étroite collaboration participative avec les professionnels de la mer, la protection des tortues et des ressources marines passerait par une réduction de la hauteur des filets et de leurs temps de calée et l’interdiction totale ou partielle de ceux à mailles larges
The national marine turtles recovery plan in FWI was adopted in 2006 by the National council for the nature conservancy. The bottom nets bycatch, i.e. the trammel, folle and gill nets, on the continental shelf are the main threat. Experimental nets with different heights, meshing and incline was compared to professional ones during 226 experimental trials. Trammel net is non selective. Low profile nets maintain a similar productivity and reduce the turtle bycatch. Trammel and folle nets cause more bycatch. The long soak times lead to more than 90 % of turtles mortality and more discards. Each year, about two thousands of turtles would be captured in FWI, with a mortality rate closed to 60 %. The mature turtles were captured during the nesting season and the resident ones are mostly juveniles or sub-adults, because of the local past overexploitation and indicator of non stable populations. The “fishery” threat is particularly important it affect nesting females, best stocks recovery hope. Closely to the marine professionals, the marine turtle and resources protection would be effective thanks to the reduction of the height and soak times nets and the total or partial ban of large meshing size nets

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Abusin, Sana Awad, and Sana Awad Abusin. "Deterrence analysis of compliance with fishery regulations among artisanal fishers in Sudan." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27776.

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This study analysed causes of the problem of over-fishing in the Jebel Aulia Reservoir (JAR) in Sudan and investigated reasons behind the failure of current management and policy regimes to promote sustainable management and exploitation of fishery in this reservoir. To achieve these objectives existing analytical frameworks and methodological approaches to study noncompliance with regulations have been adapted to allow two important extensions: (1) using frequency instead of intensity as a measure of violation rate and, (2) modifying the probability of detection to depend on time to account for frequency of violation. The adapted analytical models have then been empirically implemented to develop a typology of fishers according to violation rates and to analyse determinants of noncompliance and extent of violation with mesh size regulations among artisanal fishers in the JAR. This study represents the first research effort investigating causes and implications of illegal fishing and noncompliance with fishery regulations in Sudan in general and particularly in the JAR. The study extended the two times dynamic deterrence model (DDM) to use frequency instead of intensity of noncompliance as a measure of violation rate. The method of comparative statics was employed to derive analytical results on the sensitivity of optimal violation to a number of key factors of high relevance to compliance with regulations designed to protect against over-fishing. Analytical results obtained with this extended DDM confirmed the findings of earlier empirical studies employing alternative static and dynamic formulations and revealed interesting economic meanings of modelled relations. The study concludes that a number of factors related to market and institutional failures make frequency more suitable than intensity as a measure of violation in artisanal fisheries of developing countries. Applications of DDM have so far been limited to the case of constant probability of detection, which assumes independence of the length of time to detection. One objective of this study was therefore to modify the DDM to allow for more flexible and broader specification by introducing two important variables to the supply of offences function, namely, evasion activity and enforcement efforts .One of the major modifications made by this study is modelling the probability of detection as a Cox proportional hazard model instead of the survival hazard used in the literature. The new modelling of probability of detection also makes the previous specification only one of the three versions of the new model, since the new model accommodates the situations of constant and inconstant probability of detection. The results of comparative statics analysis revealed important potential ways of extending the standard DDM to allow for optimal choice among critical trade-offs between evasion efforts and violation rates. The study then applied the adapted DDM to empirically analyse and test specific hypotheses about artisanal fishers‘ compliance behaviour using data from a survey of artisanal fishers in the JAR area. Survey data was collected from a sample of 241 fishers from five landing sites at the study area. Factors that determine the probability of violation as well as the extent of violation were analysed employing an ordered Probit model and a count data model respectively, in two steps. The first step analysed the determinants of the choice to belong to one of the defined fishers‘ typologies. In the second step, a zero truncated negative binomial model was applied to analyse determinants of the extent and frequency of violation among violators only. Results of the empirical analyses suggest that fishers seem to care more about the size of the penalty than the presence of regulation enforcing agents as a deterrent, mainly due to corrupt options and effective evasion activities used by fishers. The study also suggests that better education of fishermen is necessary, as well as the provision of alternative income generating activities especially during the fish reproduction season, access to credit for ownership of legal nets, and finally, effective regulation of the importation of illegal nets will be necessary to enhance compliance with mesh size regulations in Sudan. It is also necessary to promote community level organisation and awareness campaigns among fishers about the dangers for future fish stocks of eroding small fish quantities through the use of illegal nets and consequently endangering the social welfare of all.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
unrestricted

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Rodriguez-Maynez, Liliana. "Institutional arrangements for artisanal shrimp fishery in the Gulf of California." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11435.

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It is widely known in Mexico that there is a strong tendency to centralize governing functions, although the present government has shown interest in modifying this historic characteristic through the Programa de Decentralization or "Decentralization Program". However, this program has not reached the fisheries sector, which remains mostly controlled by the federal government, excepting the management of a few fisheries of secondary importance. The purpose of this study is to show the manner in which formal institutional arrangements, established by the central government for the purpose of managing the fishery, are "modified" or "adapted" to specific community needs. For this purpose 32 people were interviewed including fishers, fishers' wives, and federal and state government officials to discover their opinions about the following themes: trust, communication, knowledge of the fishing laws/policies/regulations, effectiveness of fishers as resource managers and effectiveness of government as resource managers. Accordingly, the initial suspicion was that given the strong centralization of power in the fisheries office in Mexico, fishers, in order to adapt national policies to local circumstances, had to modify these formal arrangements. However, it was found that government representatives living in the community perform this function more significantly than the fishers. The results show a degree of harmony between government and community, partly owing to informal arrangements that involve both fishers and government officials. Government officials living in EGSC are an important policy filter adapting national policies to local circumstances so as to improve the economic and social situation of fishers. While this arrangement has worked well, other arrangements will be required to address the increasing number of skip-boats and the trawling boats in the area of the Biosphere Reserve. These two factors, if ignored, could produce a critical situation in the community.

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Waldie, Peter Anthony. "Investigating spatial aspects of the community-based management of a small-scale artisanal grouper fishery." Thesis, 2016. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/49838/1/49838-waldie-2016-thesis.pdf.

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Fisheries are increasingly understood as complex social-ecological systems (Folke 2006). Fisheries management thus requires an understanding of key processes that underpin both the resource (i.e., fish) and the resource users (i.e., fishers) (Cinner et al. 2009b). These processes invariably operate over differing spatial and temporal scales, and one of the primary challenges facing fisheries management is adequately matching the scale of management institutions and actions to all key social and ecological processes (Cumming et al. 2006). Failure to adequately match the scale of management to these processes can have severe consequences. For example, regional scale management in the northern Altantic was unable to stop the serial depletion of numerous relatively discrete spawning stocks of cod and other groundfish leading to catastrophic and sustained population collapses (Wilson et al. 2013). Such 'problems of fit' have long been a central concern of fisheries management, most notably through Hardin's (1968) 'tragedy of the commons'. For small-scale artisanal fisheries problems of fit are particularly troubling, as key social processes such as patterns of fishing and marine tenure boundaries often operate over very restricted spatial scales (McClanahan et al. 2006). Recognition of this has led to an increasing global proliferation of community-based management of small-scale fisheries (Govan et al. 2006, 2009). However, critics suggest that problems of fit with the spatial scales of key ecological processes may drastically diminish the ability of community-based management to achieve conservation goals (Foale and Manele 2004; Mills et al. 2010). This thesis examines potential problems of fit for community-based management, through the case study of two vulnerable grouper species, Epinephelus polyphekadion and E. fuscoguttatus, targeted within a multi-species artisanal coral reef fishery in Papua New Guinea. Specifically I ask: What are the spatial problems of fit between community-based governance institutions, relatively mobile target fishes, and the fishers that target them within small-scale artisanal fisheries? Many aspects of this study drew upon the local knowledge, advice, and participation of community fishers of Dyual Island, Papua New Guinea. A range of social science and ecological research methods were employed to assess the spatial scales of operation and governance of the local fishery, and key life history processes for the focal species. Local stakeholders were intrinsically involved in the work, with research questions and methods greatly influenced by community input. Data were collected during extended field seasons within the communities of Dyual Island, Papua New Guinea, and by trained local stakeholders throughout the study period. The specific scientific objectives of this study were to (1) determine the spatial patterns of settlement, clan affiliation, access rights, and fishing effort within the local fishery, and the spatial scales of the governance institutions most relevant to its management; (2) detail the key demographic and reproductive characteristics of the two focal species of grouper; (3) examine changes in the spatial distributions of the focal species throughout their post-settlement life histories (i.e., ontogenetic shift); (4) examine the reproductive migrations of populations of the focal species associated with a multi-species transient fish spawning aggregation; and finally (5) investigate the level of spatial fit between community-based governance institutions and these key social and ecological processes. The focal fishery of this study was governed through two complementary systems –Papua New Guinea's relatively recent Westminster governance system and the enduring system of customary ownership which has much older origins. The study region was under the statebased jurisdiction of the Leon Village Planning Committee encompassing approximately 45 km² of shallow sub-tidal and inter-tidal habitat. The customary ownership of this area was divided between three clan groups, with individual tenure over areas of 7 – 19 km². Local inhabitants had access rights across the entire study area, regardless of clan affiliation. However, fishing effort was highly concentrated around human settlements, such that half of fishing effort was concentrated within just 10% of the study area. Both E. polyphekadion and E. fuscoguttatus exhibited relatively typical epinephelid life histories which make them intrinsically vulnerable to overfishing. They had long lifespans (with maximum ages of 22 and 27 yrs, respectively), relatively slow grow rates, and relatively late reproductive maturity. Females of both species reached sexual maturity between 4 – 8 yrs of age. Epinephelus fuscoguttatus reached greater lengths and exhibited faster growth. As such, female E. polyphekadion entered the reproductive population between 278 – 380 mm in length (with 50% mature at 330 mm), whereas female E. fuscoguttatus entered the reproductive population between 370 – 480 mm in length (with 50% mature at 430 mm). These ages and sizes at maturity were used to investigate the habitat requirements of these species throughout their post-settlement life histories. Habitat suitability modelling indicated that ontogenetic shift was similar for both species. Juveniles (i.e., individuals under the age/size at 50% female maturity) were restricted to habitat directly adjacent to land, particularly around mangroves and freshwater inputs. Both species occupied broader ecological niches throughout their post-settlement life histories. Adult (i.e., individuals above the age/size at 50% female maturity) habitat included patch and barrier reef habitats characterised by high live coral cover, as well as the fringing habitat preferred by juveniles. Acoustic telemetry revealed that the fish spawning aggregation currently under community-based management drew E. fuscoguttatus individuals from a 'catchment area' (i.e., the total area inhabited by the entire spawning population throughout the non-spawning season) of at least 16 km². Further analysis however, indicated that reproductive migrations were skewed toward shorter distances. As a result, 30 – 50% of the spawning population resided within the 1-2 km² directly adjacent to the aggregation site throughout the non-spawning season. Finally, I brought together all of the key social and ecological scales considered throughout this thesis, and demonstrated that at western Dyual, community-scale governance institutions presented a good spatial fit to manage the artisanal fishery for these commercially valuable grouper. The ecological processes considered here (ontogenetic shift in habitat suitability and reproductive migration to and from fish spawning aggregations) could be effectively managed at the scale of individual tenure areas. Individual spawning stocks would best be managed at this scale to avoid serial depletions. However, social processes were poorly aligned with tenure areas. Common access to resources and variable patterns of settlement resulted in highly variable fishing effort between tenure areas. Management opportunities within the most heavily fished tenure area were particularly restricted. Thus, the larger scale of community-based governance considered here, encompassing approximately 45 km², provided a better spatial fit with social processes, primarily due to its alignment with stakeholders (i.e., resource users). However, fishing effort varied at extremely fine spatial scales here. This could produce serial depletion of grouper stocks here, even within these spatially restricted management areas. This thesis demonstrates that community-based management institutions can provide a good spatial fit for managing key social and ecological processes that underpinning the persistence of relatively mobile coral reef fisheries. However, nested governance institutions may be required, even at these restricted spatial scales.

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Vales, Maria Eulalia. "A database based information system for artisanal fisheries management : a case study of Moma-Angoche in Mozambique /." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/441.

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Hele, Ernesto Poiosse. "Indigenous knowledge in participatory mapping of artisanal fishing zones : a case study of Angoche district, Nampula Province in Mozambique /." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/438.

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Kumchedwa, Brighton Kalembeni. "Artisanal fishery in socio-economic development of rural communities in Malawi : a case study of enclave villages of Lake Malawi National Park." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6307.

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Fishing, and artisanal fishing in particular, plays a key role in the provision of rural employment and more importantly, household food security in the developing nations. The importance of artisanal fishery is shown in Malawi where artisanal fishery produces between 85-95% of the total fish production, and about 70% of the animal protein in human consumption comes from fish. About 43,000 people are employed directly in artisanal fisheries and approximately 100,000150,000 are indirectly employed within the artisanal fishery. Owing to increasing human population in the developing countries coupled with the common property, open-access nature of the fish resource, the resource has not been able to cope with the ever-increasing socio-economic demand placed on it. The resource is so degraded that it is has started to decline beyond capacity to sustain itself. This study was an attempt to examine and understand the artisanal fishery as it contributes to the socio-economic well being of the rural population particularly, the enclave communities of Lake Malawi National Park. The present study used structured interviews, focus group interviews, key informant interviews and personal observation to collect socio-economic information of the fishery. These research tools revealed that among the enclave communities income levels are low and unsustainable due to declining productivity of fishing. The decline may be a result of increasing human population, weak community-based institutions, limited agriculture, poor infrastructure with regard to processing and marketing of fish, limited supplementary and alternatives economic activities, and the fishing methods. Documentary information was used to contextualize artisanal fishery, to examine and understand the common-property and open-access nature of the fish resource as it relates to the exploitation Of fish among the enclave communities. Integrated development that brings together conservation and socio-economic development is the only option that will increase the income of the enclave communities to sustainable levels and achieve the Park's conservation objectives. The socio-economic intervention options should include provision of basic social facilities such as education, health, safe water etc, increase the economic power of the enclave communities through irrigation, adding more value to the fishery, engaging in aquarium trade, community-based eco-tourism and beekeeping. These options would lead to socio-economic sustainability among the enclave communities and would bring about the conservation objectives of the Park.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998.

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Shellem, Claire. "Assessing the potential impact of a mass coral bleaching event on Red Sea fisheries." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/662774.

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Worldwide, coral reefs are recognized as highly valuable ecosystems offering numerous environmental and economic services. In Saudi Arabia, the primary ecosystem service derived from coral reefs is the support of reef-based fisheries, accounting for ~75% of total fisheries landing in the kingdom. Saudi Arabian reefs experienced high fishing pressure for decades due to the growing population and associated fishing pressure. Despite the importance of the provisioning service there are limited ecosystem services valuations for this region. In the wake of a 2015 mass bleaching event, we quantified the effect of habitat degradation on the potential fisheries revenue in the central southern Red Sea. We conducted in situ reef fish surveys in 2014 and 2015 before the bleaching event and in 2019, nearly four years after the bleaching event. Using species-specific prices collected from local fish markets, we calculated values per hectare from multiple reefs in this region, to assess how the reef-based fishery was impacted by the bleaching event. A loss in live hard and soft coral cover was recorded after the bleaching event with associated shifts in the dominance of commercially important fish species. Notably, prior to bleaching, a larger proportion of the high value carnivorous species (70% carnivores, 25% herbivores) dominated the fish assemblage whereas post-bleaching reefs had a higher dominance of lower-valued herbivorous species (25% carnivores, 50% herbivores). While the total revenue was not significantly different before (7,913 USD/hectare) to after the bleaching event (6,814 USD/hectare), the loss of high value species observed suggests that if reefs continue to degrade there are potential negative flow-on effects impacting fisheries provisioning with time. Overall, an increasing percentage of live hard coral cover was positively correlated with fisheries revenue per reef, further providing evidence for the potential loss of revenue in degraded reef ecosystems in the region.

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Hele, Ernesto Poiosse. "Indigenous knowledge in participatory mapping of artisanal fishing zones :|ba case study of Angoche district, Nampula Province in Mozambique." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/343.

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Indigenous knowledge use in identifying artisanal fishing zones is the core issue in this dissertation. It seeks, on one hand, to show the potentially of this knowledge and to establish the relationships between indigenous and scientific knowledge in fishing zones identification and, on other the hand, it is also a trend for alleviating those fishing zones surrounding beaches, estuaries and bays highly exploited by artisanal fishermen. Pushing artisanal fishermen upward offshore and/or into the open sea, they will fish more quality and high economic value fish contributing to enhance their income. By so doing, artisanal fishermen will uplift their living standard and, at the same time, they will contribute to sustainable artisanal fisheries management. Angoche District in Nampula province, north of Mozambique is the study area. The study was carried out to describe the logical sequence underlying on the process of identifying artisanal fishing zones using indigenous knowledge. The relationship between indigenous and scientific knowledge is treated with particular attention. The nature of the study is descriptive and analytical based on qualitative and quantitative data. The method used for data collection was face-to-face interviews using structured and semi-structured open-ended questions. Data on socioeconomic, traditional and cultural practices, technological and climate characteristics were collected, analyzed and discussed. Factors underlying artisanal fishing zones were studied. Spatial and non-spatial information for artisanal fishing zones identification was recorded applying Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and, later, processed and analyzed employing Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Finally, a map showing the localization and distribution of the identified fishing zones in the study area was produced. Results from the research show that identification of fishing zones offshore or open sea can be done simply based on local indigenous knowledge. The GIS technology employment facilitates the inclusion of indigenous knowledge into other knowledge which can be used for local decision making. Sustainable fisheries management can only be achieved by developing a science based on the priorities of local people, and creating a technological base that includes both traditional and modern approaches to problem-solving.
Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

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Vales, Maria Eulália. "A database based information system for artisanal fisheries management : a case study of Moma-Angoche in Mozambique." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/345.

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Sound management of information and data is an essential cornerstone for efficient and effective decision making. Structured, up to date and easily retrievable data from several heterogeneous sources is often required to effectively manage, monitor and predict resource quantities particularly for depleting resources such as fish. The documentation and management of fisheries data in most developing countries however poses great challenges. The main aim of this study therefore is to design an information system (IS) for Artisanal Fisheries management. The developed IS is supported by a database. Secondary data, from the provincial offices of Moma and Angoche in Mozambique, is used to test and populate the prototype database. The manner in which the database is developed demonstrates how in practice a database can be created as part of an information system. However, due to time restrictions, a complete database for the AF system could not be developed. To accomplish the objectives of the study, a model of the Artisanal Fisheries (AF) system was developed first. Based on standard system development approaches, the key components of the AF system that include; processes, data flows and data stores, were identified. The developed conceptual system was then used to identify critical data stores for the AF system and data models were subsequently developed. A prototype database to support the AF system was then implemented in MS Access. The motivation for this study is as a result of two observations made on information management which are a challenge in artisanal fisheries management in Moma-Angoche. These observations are; (i) the current information system lacks a structured approach and a database to document and archive data/information on the artisanal fisheries subsector; and, (ii) the high proportion of the data/information collected from different sources is not well processed, analyzed and is not user-friendly as yet. The Moma-Angoche Provincial Fisheries office was chosen because it is strategically suitable for research. This has been demonstrated by the amount of socio-economic artisanal fishing census data already collected and by the research on stock marine resources already carried out. As a result, the study area has become a pilot zone of integrated fisheries development projects. During the life cycle of the various projects, and even after their termination, the area remained an important zone where subsequent studies (for example baseline studies) were carried out. Furthermore, the existence of subsequent data available from those studies allows a good opportunity for data comparisons to be made.
Thesis (M.Env.Dev.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

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Dias, Ana Maria Pires. "De piroga não se pesca ao largo! acordo de parceria no domínio das pescas entre a União Europeia e a República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe: quais os benefícios para a pesca artesanal santomense?" Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/7436.

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Acordo de Parceria no Domínio das Pescas entre a União Europeia e a República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe: Que Benefícios para a Pesca Artesanal Santomense? A Zona Económica Exclusiva de São Tomé e Príncipe concentra uma biomassa piscícola global estimada em 29 000 toneladas/ano, a qual tem vindo a assegurar a pesca artesanal às comunidades costeiras locais e a pesca industrial a países estrangeiros. Porém, uma significativa parte de pequenos peixes pelágicos apresentam acentuados níveis de depleção. Em 1984 foi celebrado o primeiro Acordo das Pescas entre a União Europeia e São Tomé e Príncipe, mas foi a partir de 2006 que o termo “parceria” passou a figurar nos acordos entre as partes. Os recentes protocolos fixam como objetivos, entre outros pontos, a cooperação económica, científica e técnica, contrapartidas específicas para apoiar a política sectorial das pescas e a promoção de um quadro de parceria para uma política de pesca sustentável nas zonas pesqueiras santomenses. Por sua vez, o Governo local estabelece como eixos prioritários o acionamento dos mecanismos que asseguram a sustentabilidade dos recursos haliêuticos, e os que tornam o sector tecnologicamente mais avançado e competitivo. Os reforços das capacidades institucionais e das condições infraestruturais para produção e comercialização da pesca artesanal, nomeadamente para os mercados da União Europeia, são, também, firmemente contemplados. Confrontando os pontos fulcrais dos acordos, os esforços realizados pelo Governo local, as súmulas de vários relatórios/pareceres e outras informações relevantes, conclui-se, neste estudo de caso, que os benefícios produzidos pelos acordos na pesca artesanal são residuais, que o país não tem uma estratégia integrada de combate à depleção haliêutica e que a adoção do termo “parceria” não passa de mais uma retórica semântica.
Partnership Agreement in the field of fisheries between the European Union and the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe: What Benefits to the Santomean Artisanal Fisheries? The Exclusive Economic Zone of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe concentrates a fish biomass estimated at 29 000 tons per year, which has assured the artisanal fishery by local coastal communities and industrial fishery to foreign countries. However, a significant part of pelagic small fishes show significant signs of depletion. The conclusion of the first Fisheries Agreement in the field of fisheries between the European Union and the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe dates back to 1984, but it was only from 2006 on that the term “partnership” was introduced into the new Agreements between the two. The current Protocols, among other points, set the goals of cooperation at economic, technical and scientific levels as well as specific compensations to support the development of the local fishing sector and the promotion of a partnership framework towards a sustainable fisheries policy in the Santomean fishing areas. In turn, São Tomé and Príncipe Government defines as its priority axis the creation of mechanisms that ensure the sustainability of fish resources. The strengthening of institutional capacities and the improvement of the infrastructural support for production and commercialization from artisanal fisheries, namely to European Union markets, are also contemplated. By confronting the contents of several reports, partnership agreements, statements and other relevant information, obtained from various sources, it is possible to come to the conclusion that the benefits for artisanal fisheries produced by the new agreements and the efforts developed by the country's Government are residual, that there isn’t an integrated strategy to stop marine resource depletion and that the adoption of the term “partnership” is nothing more than semantics and rhetoric.

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Hasan, Zaheed. "Artisan fishers’ perceptions of, and adaptation to, climate change in the southeast coast of Bangladesh." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/99143.

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Climate change has been identified as one of the most defining challenges of the twenty first century to the wellbeing of humans and ecology systems. The new Climate Change Vulnerability Index, released by the Global risks advisory firm Maplecroft ranked Bangladesh as one of the most vulnerable countries in the world at ‘extreme risk’ of climate change (Maplecroft, 2014). Coastal Bangladesh is a potential hotspot in the world threatened by extreme floods, cyclones, rising sea levels and high temperatures (World Bank, 2013). Traditional small-scale marine fishing communities living in the coastal areas are at the forefront of disaster threats and are frequent victims of deadly events. Planned adaptation strategies are necessary in light of increased disasters and the limited adaptation capacity of the artisanal fishing communities. This research focuses on the contextual determinants and dimensions of artisanal marine fishing community perceptions of, and adaptation to, climate change and recommends policies for adaptation. Seven fishing villages (jeleparas) in Chittagong and Chakaria were selected for this study. These fishing villages are located in the high-risk zones to disasters, noteably floods, cyclones and storm surges (GOB, 2010). A mixed method research approach was used here to investigate key dimensions and determinants of community perceptions of climate change and adaptation. Some of the key aspects of this research are climate change, environmental disasters, community culture and customs, local institutions and politics, socio-economy, and the demography of the traditional marine fishing communities in Bangladesh. This study documents how world views, disaster experiences, institutional factors, culture and customs play a central role in community risk perceptions and adaptation responses. This study found that awareness of climate change impacts is high among the small-scale fishing community in Bangladesh, in which nine in ten respondents were worried but not panicked about climate change. Respondents had clear perceptions about changes in rainfall, seasonal patterns and increased temperatures. Fishers reported that rough waves and stronger winds have become a common phenomenon at sea and risks to fishers have increased significantly. However, the majority of respondents perceived that climate change is a natural process and some claimed that it was an Act of God. Tradition, faith, values, observations and disaster experiences are powerful indicators of fishers’ understanding of climate change and environment change in the future. Results showed that there are clear differences in scientific and community conceptions of climate change. Respondents also believed that adaptation to climate change was possible through proper planning and support, while they perceived that individual, community and government actions are necessary to minimise impacts related to climate change. Infrastructure development, financial support for the community, specially from the government, better construction of boats, improved housing, and the inclusion of community representatives in the local disaster management committee, were all ranked as some of the adaptation policy preferences for the community. The design and implementation of appropriate climate change adaptation policies are seen to be necessary to help the fishing community adapt gradually to the changing environment.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2016.

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Braga, Heitor de Oliveira. "Fishers' local ecological knowledge (LEK) in the Atlantic Ocean (Brazil and Portugal): The case study of the Brazilian sardine and the European pilchard." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/79848.

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Tese de doutoramento em Biociências, no ramo de Ecologia Marinha, apresentada ao Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra
In the face of the current non-linear and abrupt changes in ecosystems around the world, a systematic impact has arisen to the environmental dynamics of the coastal systems. At their essential intermediate trophic level in the marine system, sardines are recognized for being highly susceptible to the deregulation of their stocks when subjected to intensive exploitation. Given this, there are significant difficulties of management and participatory coastal management of the species of sardines in the Atlantic Ocean. In this way, local ecological knowledge (LEK) emerges as an auxiliary tool that seeks to extract specific information about an individual about the environment as well as to understand the attitudes of local individuals regarding a resource as a way to improve biodiversity conservation practices. Therefore, the present thesis sought to evaluate and share local ecological knowledge (LEK) and attitudes for the conservation of European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) and Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) in two fishing villages (Peniche, District of Leiria, Portugal and Arraial do Cabo, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). This study was based on 221 semi-structured interviews conducted with fishermen from Peniche (N = 87) about European sardines, and with fishers from Arraial do Cabo (N = 134) about Brazilian sardine. The data extracted from the interviews were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed, and the LEK made available was compared with the literature following an emic-etic approach. Additives knowledge indicators and attitudes about sardines were created for comparison purposes. The classification adopted to evaluate the LEK, and the attitudes respected the premises of the three-point Likert scale. It was also sought to investigate possible correlations between LEK, attitudes and the profile of fishers from both communities. The statistical treatments performed were calculated using program R version 3.3.2. The profiles of the interviewees of the studied communities were investigated and measured succinctly. Informants shared detailed informal knowledge of the significant biological and ecological aspects of the clupeoids in question. Taboos and food aversions were present inexpressively and were not related to conservation measures. Fishers from both Atlantic communities presented moderate local ecological knowledge about sardines when compared to the biological data already published of this small pelagic species. Attitudes towards conservation of sardines were classified as positive in Peniche, while in the Brazilian community analyzed, they were moderate. In Peniche, attitudes showed to be a predictor of LEK, age and educational level of informants. Otherwise, in Arraial do Cabo the variables of the fisher´s profile (source of income, educational level, boat ownership, association with fishing colony and occupation) showed a correlation with LEK and with conservationist attitudes. Encouraging the continuation of regular educational training of informants and the inclusion of environmental education programs with the sharing of information on sardine conservation. This ethnobiological study reported comparable results with other studies examining LEK and local community attitudes about a natural resource, which reaffirms the importance of this socio-ecological tool for environmental management. Informal knowledge not compatible with the literature should not be discarded. This type of information can be further analysed and used in the formulation of testable hypotheses for future investigations of the species studied. The next step would be to include the LEK provided by the surveyed communities for analysis at meetings between all actors directly involved with the fishing resource. This procedure can collaborate and promote greater social inclusion of the less favored in the fisheries management decision-making in the Portuguese and Brazilian communities verified. A discussion with the participation of all the interested parties, without preconceived privileges to any of those involved, becomes of extreme importance because it enables reliability among the participants of these assemblies. This process, if well conducted, still can generate a better understanding of the predisposition of these communities to conserve the environmental resource. Also, this participatory management strategy may also provide an opportunity for local populations to acquire reliable and more scientific knowledge about this depleting fishing resource. Finally, a continuous exchange of information between ecologists and ethnobiologists is suggested on possible gaps in knowledge that may arise about fish stocks in both Atlantic systems.
Em virtude das actuais mudanças não-lineares e abruptas nos ecossistemas em todo o planeta, a dinâmica ambiental dos sistemas costeiros tem sido bastante modificada. Por ocuparem o nível trófico intermediário essencial no sistema marinho, as sardinhas são reconhecidas por serem altamente susceptíveis a grandes alterações dos seus efectivos populacionais quando submetidas à exploração intensiva. Diante de tal cenário, observam-se grandes dificuldades na gestão costeira (que se quer participativa) das espécies de sardinhas no oceano Atlântico. Desse modo, o conhecimento ecológico local (CEL) surge como uma ferramenta auxiliar que busca extrair informações específicas de um indivíduo em relação ao meio ambiente como também compreender as atitudes de indivíduos locais no que tange a um recurso em particular, como forma de melhorar as práticas de conservação da biodiversidade. Por conseguinte, a presente tese tentou avaliar o conhecimento ecológico local (CEL), bem como as atitudes para a conservação da sardinha europeia (Sardina pilchardus) e da sardinha brasileira (Sardinella brasiliensis) em duas aldeias piscatórias (Peniche, Distrito de Leiria, Portugal; e Arraial do Cabo, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). Este estudo baseou-se em 221 entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas aleatoriamente com pescadores de Peniche (N = 87) acerca da sardinha europeia, e com pescadores de Arraial do Cabo (N = 134) sobre a sardinha brasileira. Os dados extraídos das entrevistas foram analisados de modo qualitativo e quantitativo e o CEL disponibilizado foi comparado com a literatura através da utilização das abordagens êmica e ética. Foram criados índices para medir o CEL e as atitudes dos pescadores em relação à conservação das espécies de sardinhas. A classificação adotada para avaliar o CEL e as atitudes respeitou as premissas da escala de três pontos de Likert. Por último, também foram investigadas as possíveis correlações entre CEL, atitudes e o perfil dos pescadores de ambas as comunidades. Os tratamentos estatísticos realizados foram calculados por meio do programa R versão 3.3.2. Os perfis dos entrevistados das comunidades estudadas foram investigados e analisados sucintamente. Os entrevistados compartilharam conhecimentos informais detalhados dos principais aspectos biológicos e ecológicos dos clupeóides em questão. Os tabus e aversões alimentares estiveram presentes de forma inexpressiva e não foram relacionados com medidas conservacionistas. Os pescadores de ambas as comunidades Atlânticas apresentaram um conhecimento ecológico local moderado acerca das sardinhas quando comparados aos dados biológicos já publicados dessas pequenas espécies pelágicas. Em Peniche, houve a correlação entre as atitudes e o CEL, a idade e o nível educacional dos informantes respectivamente. Por outro lado, em Arraial do Cabo as variáveis do perfil dos pescadores (fonte de renda, nível educacional, propriedade de embarcação, associação à colónia de pescadores e ocupação) mostraram correlação com o CEL e com as atitudes conservacionistas. O incentivo à continuação da formação educacional convencional dos informantes (pescadores) e a inserção de programas de educação ambiental acompanhados de informações acerca da conservação da sardinha nas aldeias de pescadores investigadas são essenciais para estabelecer e melhorar as atitudes conservacionistas. Este estudo etnobiológico reportou resultados comparáveis com outros estudos que investigam o LEK e atitudes de comunidades locais acerca de um determinado recurso natural, o que reafirma a importância desta ferramenta sócio-ecológica para a gestão ambiental. O conhecimento informal não compatível com a literatura não deve ser totalmente descartado. Esse tipo de informação pode ainda ser analisado minuciosamente e utilizado na formulação de hipóteses para futuras investigações acerca da espécie estudada. O próximo passo seria incluir o CEL fornecido pelas comunidades estudadas para análises em reuniões entre todos os atores envolvidos directamente com o recurso pesqueiro. Esse procedimento pode promover uma maior inclusão social dos menos favorecidos nas decisões relativas à gestão dos stocks pesqueiros nas comunidades portuguesa e brasileira. Uma discussão com a participação de todos os interessados, sem privilégios preconcebidos a nenhum dos envolvidos, torna- se de extrema importância pois aumenta a confiança entre todos os envolvidos. Este processo, se bem conduzido, ainda tem a capacidade de gerar um melhor entendimento da predisposição dessas comunidades em conservar o recurso ambiental. Além disso, esta estratégia de gestão participativa também pode proporcionar uma oportunidade das populações locais adquirirem conhecimentos mais científicos sobre esse recurso pesqueiro em questão. Por fim, sugere-se ainda uma contínua troca de informações entre ecólogos e etnobiólogos sobre as possíveis lacunas de informações que possam surgir relativamente aos stocks pesqueiros em ambos os sistemas Atlânticos.
Centre for Functional Ecology - CFE, Department of life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
Project ReNATURE - Valorization of the Natural Endogenous Resources of the Centro Region (Centro 2020, Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000007)
CAPES Foundation – Ministry of Education of Brazil for financial support (BEX: 8926/13-1)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Artisanal fishery'

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