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1
Wallace, Bruce Barclay. "Community dental clinics in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43434.
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Objectives: Oral health inequities are prevalent but little is known on how to respond. In British Columbia (B.C.) there has been a rapid expansion of local responses to the inequities as communities and dental professionals cooperate to operate community dental clinics (CDCs). The purpose of this research has been to explore how the clinics evolved and how they operate from the perspective of participants in B.C.
Methods: Three studies were conducted: #1 to understand the problems of access to dentistry using a case study that included 60 interviews with low-income people (N=41), dentists (N=6), and other healthcare or social service-providers (N=13); #2 to investigate the expansion of CDCs in B.C. by interviewing 63 people who helped to establish or operate the clinics; and #3 to study five clinics through aaggregated data from treatment, procedural, and financial data combined with explanatory information from interviews with eight staff members.
Results: I identified two models of CDCs emerging in B.C,: volunteer-charitable (VC) clinics offering free services primarily to relieve pain; and, not-for-profit (NFP) clinics operating mostly full-time within community health centres employing paid staff to provide a wide range of basic dental treatments. Not all clinics are providing equitable standards of care to underserved populations, and they all operate with major concerns about financial sustainability. The NFP model seems to improve access to underserved populations by integrating primary or basic dental services with other health care and community social services.
Conclusions: Expansion of CDCs in B.C. has been rapid to meet a growing societal concern. They all operate with some success on the principles of health-equity but with concerns for the limits of charity, the sustainability of NFP operations, and their overall limited capacity to address the level of unmet needs. However, the NFP model within the context of CDCs seems to be most effective.
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Moss, Ricki Carol. "Dorothy Clode : community educator." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28180.
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This thesis will primarily focus on the career of Dorothy Clode as an adult educator, examining her leadership and influence in professional adult education associations; her advocacy regarding provincial adult education policies; and her role in community development at Lake Cowichan and in the broader context of British Columbia, as in the Consortium on Economic Dislocation. The relationship of the role of a professional adult educator to the community development process will be examined, using Clode's career as a case study. The intention is to examine the nature of adult education practice, in terms of the daily concerns, issues and philosophy of a woman whose 18 year career spanned three dynamic decades in the recent history of adult education.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational Studies (EDST), Department of<br>Graduate
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Ewing, Gillian. "Secondary school art education : the artist’s viewpoint." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25386.
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Artists are seldom consulted in the making of school art programs yet many are vitally concerned with the need for a visually literate public. This study summarizes the history of art education, examines recent issues documented by art educators, looks at opinions of artists of this century on the teaching of art, and presents interviews with six British Columbian artists to elicit their thoughts on what is necessary in a secondary school art curriculum.
The interviews are essentially informal in nature and only those remarks dealing with secondary school education, or related concepts, are included. The final chapter contains an infusion of the artists' ideas under headings suggested by issues raised by art educators. An evaluation of the data collected from the interviews leads to recommendations for consideration for secondary school programs and the conviction that artists should be encouraged to participate in matters relating to art education.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Eberle, Margaret Patricia. "Credit union participation in community based economic development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26809.
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Local B.C. communities facing hardship in the context of global restructuring and reduced demand for primary resource commodities, have increasingly turned to community based economic development (CBED) to strengthen their local economies. These community based strategies differ from place to place but essentially aim to expand the local economy through socially and culturally desirable development, utilizing local resources, and under some form of local control. However there are numerous obstacles to undertaking CBED, one of which is a lack of financing. Credit unions are community based financial institutions which would appear to be likely participants in a process of community based economic development. They possess significant financial resources, and share with CBED a common philosophy of economic self-help, and an orientation towards the local community.
The potential for credit union participation in community based economic development is the subject of this thesis. A three part methodology was followed with particular reference to major aspects of the issue. First, a review of the local economic development literature pointed to the importance of financing, management advice and local capacity to develop in the CBED process. The experience of CBED organizations in obtaining assistance from chartered banks and federal government programs such as Local Employment Assistance Development (LEAD) demonstrates that there are significant gaps in support. An alternative such as the credit union is needed. The credit union system was examined to determine if indeed this community based cooperative financial institution holds some promise to assist CBED, and what factors presently act to constrain such participation. There are two fundamental obstacles to credit union participation in CBED. Firstly, there is a lack of will on the part of credit unions to become involved in CBED based on declining member commitment to credit union philosophy. Secondly, credit unions are presently unable to reconcile high levels of risk inherent in lending for CBED with their non-profit structure. Educating credit unions as to the potential benefits arising from CBED may heighten their interest in participating in CBED and there are mechanisms the credit union can employ to reduce risk. Furthermore, credit unions can play some important non-financial roles in support of CBED, which a local orientation and cooperative decision-making framework can enhance.
The empirical portion of the research documented the CBED initiatives of Nanaimo District Credit Union and Vancouver City Savings Credit Union. It demonstrated firstly, that there is interest among individual credit unions within the credit union system to participate in CBED, at least in an incremental way; secondly, that credit unions have tended to follow a marginal business development strategy in support of CBED in their respective communities; and thirdly, there are a number of alternative roles, strategies and institutional arrangements for doing so. Based on this review of the major issues and the experience of two credit unions currently participating in CBED, it appears that credit unions do hold some potential an alternative source of community capital and expertise for community based economic development, but at present appear to lack the philosophical basis for doing so, and furthermore, face some constraints to pursuing a financial role in CBED.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of<br>Graduate
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Mitchell-Banks, Paul Jonathan. "Tenure arrangements for facilitating community forestry in British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ46394.pdf.
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Colebrook, Peter. "Collective bargaining in British Columbia's community colleges." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32244.
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This study examines collective bargaining in 14 unionized community colleges in British Columbia. It provides a broad overview of bargaining in the colleges and insights into the tensions commonly associated with collective bargaining. The study combines qualitative data and quantitative data through the use of interviews, contractual analysis and two questionnaires. One survey examined the opinions of board members, senior administrators and faculty leaders on various aspects of collective bargaining. The latter included the competitive characteristics of distributive bargaining, governance, the scope of the collective agreements and a number of proposed modifications aimed at improving bargaining in the colleges. The study is significant as it fills a void in the research related to the above issues in British Columbia's colleges.
The literature review encompassed a wide range of research. This included material related to the evolution of collective bargaining in higher education; factors that influence opinions of bargaining; constructive conflict, destructive conflict and dysfunctional competition; conflict resolution techniques associated with bargaining; and integrative bargaining.
The study revealed a competitive collective bargaining climate in the colleges, characterized by such factors as a
lack of trust and respect, inexperienced faculty negotiators, contractual constraints and a lack of bargaining priorities. The competitive climate was aggravated by a number of external factors (government policies); internal factors (the management style of a president); the composition of the faculty associations (combined vocational and academic faculty associations); and personal factors (age and political preferences). In terms of governance issues, the scope of the collective agreements and their political orientation, the board members and the senior administrators are essentially from the same population. The faculty leaders come from a different population. The respondents favour modifications that would enhance communications, training, and equal access to information, as well as the resolution of labour matters at the local level rather than at the provincial level.
Distributive bargaining will likely remain the cornerstone of negotiations in British Columbia's colleges. Although it does not have to be as competitive as it is, the distributive model appears to be best suited to the resolution of Level I issues, e.g. salaries, benefits. Given the collegial traditions of higher education, the varying professional needs of the faculty, the issue of management rights and the intrinsic values of the parties involved, a more collaborative model of bargaining is necessary to accommodate Level II issues. The latter include faculty participation in college governance, peer evaluation, and the selection of other
faculty. The study contributed to the research literature and produced a number of recommendations for practice.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Iverson, Melissa Ann. "Assessing urban brownfields for community gardens in Vancouver, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27784.
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In Vancouver, British Columbia, community gardens are in great demand, but community groups interested in establishing gardens on urban brownfields face several environmental barriers. Identifying and addressing issues related to soil quality and microclimate suitability pose particular challenges. The goal of this study is to aid community groups in overcoming these obstacles through the development of a three-phase Site Assessment Guide. The guide aims to help communities: 1) identify likelihood of soil contamination, 2) assess soil and microclimate quality, and 3) select appropriate management solutions. Interpretive indicators for assessment were selected from trials on three study sites and feedback from soils workshop participants. To ensure accuracy and credibility, interpretive methods were evaluated against corresponding laboratory-based methods. Another outcome of the community workshops was the desire of local gardening communities to learn more about their native landscape and soil. An interpretive map of soil management groups for the City of Vancouver was derived using generalized surficial geology and Google-based topographic maps to produce a “terrain” map. The resulting map of soil management groups in the previously unmapped City of Vancouver is incorporated into the site assessment guide for converting brownfields to community gardens, with opportunity for future expansion.
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Levin, John S. "The board-president relationship in three British Columbia community colleges." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29363.
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The issue of governance in institutions of higher education has attracted considerable attention in the North American literature. While much has been published concerning the respective roles of the president and the governing board in managing the affairs of colleges and universities, limited attention has been given to the relationship which exists between the two parties. Furthermore, while the importance of the relationship is acknowledged, there has been no systematic research to determine reasons for such a claim.
This study examines the board-president relationship in three community colleges in the province of British Columbia and ascertains reasons for its importance. The research framework on which the study is based consists of three major components, the determinants of the board-president relationship, its effects, and the characteristics of the relationship itself. The literature on boards and presidents implies that any relationships which do exist fall into three distinct dimensions, formal, operational, and personal.
The three dimensions of the relationship are used in this study as a focal point and conceptual centre around which research questions are designed. The method involves a qualitative-interpretive design which generates both documentary, factual data and perceptual data from two major sources. The sources are institutional and legal documents and in-depth interviews with the presidents and board members from the three institutions. The study largely reveals an understanding of the relationship from the perspective of the participants.
The conclusions which emerge from this investigation indicate that the board-president relationship at each college displays characteristics which identify the relationship with the articulated goals, philosophy, and values of each institution and reflects its development. Moreover, as perceived by the participants, the relationship exerts important influence upon the image of the college with both its internal and external community, while reinforcing the values and philosophy of the institution.
The research provides a beginning for the development of theory in the area of leadership and management in institutions of post-secondary education. It also offers insights for practitioners concerned with the improvement of their effectiveness in governance, specifically in the colleges in British Columbia. The study has moved beyond current scholarship on the board-president relationship; it has also prepared the groundwork for further research by posing several hypothetical questions which arise from this investigation.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational Studies (EDST), Department of<br>Graduate
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Imafuku, Shoji. "Sex offenders in community corrections, policy and practice in british columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24164.pdf.
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Botta, Nepeya Azaria. "Education, community engagement and oil and gas development : northeast British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59443.
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Resource development projects offer economic opportunities to communities near operations, through the provision of jobs and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. When the local labour pool is not prepared, or lacks appropriate skills or education avenues for upgrades, labour demands will be filled by a fly-in-fly-out workforce. This system both draws resource benefits away from impacted communities, and incurs high transportation and lodging costs to the company. Improving labour-force quality will require upgrading education resources necessary for acquiring the appropriate post-secondary degrees and certificates for employment in the industry. Before planning education programs, it is important to have an acute understanding of the population’s history, socio-economy, regional education resources, and perspective on local education and employment. This research study examined the Northeastern, British Columbia (NEBC) region, where oil and gas (OAG) development is expected to increase exponentially in the near future with the use of hydraulic fracturing. Due to the specialized skills required for this industry, the local communities are currently ill equipped to participate in the labour boom. An education gap analysis was performed to examines the education disparities and obstacles for varying communities in NEBC. The study used a geographic analysis of regional education opportunities to identify community needs, followed by field work where in-depth interviews and focus groups brought to light local thoughts and perceptions on education, employment and community development. This information can be used by OAG companies to invest in socially responsible programs, that benefit regional communities as they develop the resource.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of<br>Graduate
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Behnke, Walter. "Innovation in British Columbia community colleges : a study of the relationship between innovativeness and organizational variables." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30329.
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From a review of the innovation literature, encompassing a broad range of research traditions and a variety of approaches to innovation research, the organizational context of innovation was identified as a research framework. This study was intended to bridge the gap between a theoretical understanding of innovation (largely derived from studies of the private and business sector) and its application to the concept of the public community college. The survey research methodology was modelled after organizational innovation studies from the organizational behavior and business management tradition in the structural-functional paradigm. Hypotheses were developed to address the research question: "To what extent does innovativeness vary among British Columbia community colleges and to what degree do specific organizational characteristics correlate with institutional innovativeness?"
Data on specific organizational variables were collected from eight B.C. community colleges. Findings primarily confirm that innovativeness varies among institutions and correlates positively with activity levels of professional cross-fertilization. The most significant implication of the study for policy relating to the community college system is that higher levels of opportunity and support for professional interaction and travel and conference funding are directly related to higher levels of innovativeness in community colleges.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational Studies (EDST), Department of<br>Graduate
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Bassett, Kenneth 1952. "Taming chance and taking chances : the electronic fetal heart monitor in a rural Canadian hospital and community." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39820.
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In this thesis, I examine the use of medical technology as the product of, among other things, value systems and individual and collective needs; technological use therefore is shown to be culturally influenced and subject to change according to historical and social context.<br>I describe and discuss the use of the Electronic Fetal Heart Rate Monitor (EFM)--a state of the art form of electronic information technology--in obstetrical care in a rural Canadian hospital and community. The central issue I examine is why this technology was obtained and repeatedly used despite local medical opinion and scientific evidence that it was ineffective as a tool to improve obstetrical outcome, and also had been shown to put pregnant women at considerable risk of unnecessary and potentially harmful interventions during birth.<br>I describe how EFM use appeared contradictory because medical understanding of EFM use was limited to what I define as "case centered" research; research limited to measuring the impact of the EFM on individual patient outcome. Case centered studies were not examinations either of the EFM itself, or of its associated technical regimens. Moreover, case centered studies were not used to relate the EFM to women's experiences during birth, hospital traditions, or community expectations. These latter relationships, which are ignored in case studies, form the focus of this research and explain why an EFM was used in this community.
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Pinel, David P. "A community-based tourism planning process model, kyuquot sound area, British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0006/MQ31857.pdf.
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Gauld, Don. "Public participation and the preparation of official community plans in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26818.
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Public participation in the planning process is a well established concept and an important one to municipal planners as they deal with the question of how to most effectively involve citizens in planning. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of techniques and processes used to involve the public in a specific planning process: the preparation of official community plans in British Columbia.
Two principal methods are used to achieve this purpose: a literature review and a comparative analysis of the experiences of four municipalities located in the greater Vancouver region which have recently completed of official community plans. Data for this analysis came from municipal documents, interviews with planners and field observation.
Six process-oriented objectives based on democratic principles are established as criteria of effective public participation. The six criteria are:
(1) Accessibility - All citizens have the opportunity and are encouraged to participate;
(2) Timing - The public is provided with information and opportunities to participate at crucial decision making points in the planning process.
(3) Impartiality - No individual or group is permitted to dominate the participation process at the expense of others;
(4) Comprehensibility - Important information is provided and is presented in such a way that it is understood by those whom it affects;
(5) Alternatives - The public is presented with a range of alternatives;
(6) Efficacy - Participators' views are considered in products of the planning process.
The suitability of each participation technique and combination of techniques used in the four municipalities is assessed by these six objectives.
Nine summary observations derived from the analysis are presented as suggestions to help planners effectively involve the public in future official community plan processes. It is found that effort to involve citizens in the preparation of an official community plan must go beyond the techniques required or suggested by legislation. A public hearing and an advisory planning commission are not sufficient to provide effective participation. It is not possible to state an ideal public participation program with a set of specific techniques that would be useful in all communities preparing an official community plan. However, by designing and implementing a participation program that strives to satisfy the process-oriented objectives, planners can obtain meaningful response from the public. Achieving these objectives depends foremost on administrative commitment.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of<br>Graduate
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Holden, Jennifer. "Social responsibility in higher education : conducting a social audit of a community college." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ56560.pdf.
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Seto, Darlene. "Diversity and engagement in alternative food practice : community gardens in Vancouver, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/39820.
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Community gardens are experiencing a popular resurgence. Across North America, there is growing support for more sustainable food production and consumption practices distinct from the conventional or industrialized food system. Despite increasing popularity, these alternative food practices have been criticized as non-inclusive, catering to privileged segments of the population. This research investigates the criticism of non-inclusion by examining participant diversity in community gardens within the City of Vancouver, British Columbia. Multiple elements of demographic diversity are considered, including age, gender, and income, although there is particular emphasis on racial and ethnic background. Overall, results from 12 semi-structured interviews and a survey of 192 community garden members reveal significant demographic differences between garden participants and the general public. In particular, visible minority, non-English language speaking, lower-income, and lower-educational status individuals were disproportionately under-represented among the garden participants surveyed. Demographic variations in participants’ gardening motivations were also found; lower income participants placed a much higher level of importance on using their garden to save on food cost, as opposed to high income participants. Despite such differences, the majority of participants report a high sense of community and satisfaction in their community garden, suggesting feelings of inclusion, at least among garden members. Based upon these results, it is recommended that the City of Vancouver should continue to support community gardens, but revise garden policy priorities to encourage wider participation among visible minority members, as well as better enable low-income populations to meet food security needs.
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Ambus, Lisa Marie. "The evolution of devolution : evaluation of the community forest agreement in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1981.
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In 1998, the government of British Columbia introduced a new form of tenure for community forestry. The Community Forest Agreement (CFA) was envisioned as a unique institutional mechanism for devolution, providing resource-dependent communities and First Nations in B.C. with the authority to set the direction of forest management in their locale, and to create local benefits. Relative to the industrial status quo, there were high expectations of community forestry and what it might achieve.
This study empirically tested some of these expectations with respect to B.C.’s Community Forest Program. Taking a realist approach to evaluation, a variety of qualitative research methods were used to critically assess the structure, performance, and outcomes of the CFA.
Analysis of the CFA revealed that its structure is virtually identical to tenures designed for industrial forestry with a few minor exceptions. In the current tenure regime, the CFA devolves limited power over strategic decisions and community control largely resides at the operational level, affecting on-the-ground aspects of timber harvesting rather than enabling a broader and more holistic approach to forest management.
Outcomes of the CFA generally did not satisfy expectations that communities would commercially harvest botanical non-timber forest products, develop capacity for value-added wood processing, and utilize more environmentally-sensitive harvesting treatments. The study did find that CFAs supported local employment and were more labour intensive than industrial licensees in harvesting and silvicultural activities.
Assessing the CFA structure and the on-the-ground outcomes side-by-side, this study suggests that the impediments to realizing a more holistic form of community forestry likely have their roots in the institutional mechanism itself, rather than in the efforts of communities. Flowing from the evaluation are recommendations for government to consider devolving more power over key strategic management decisions and increasing the size of CFAs to improve their economies of scale; and recommendations for communities to build their capacity and critical social mass to leverage policy changes that may further the evolution of community forestry in B.C.
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Dewi, Meiliana. "Soil microbial community responses to green-tree retention harvesting in coastal British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10181.
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Green-tree or variable retention harvesting is being increasingly adopted as an alternative to clearcutting in the Pacific Northwest, including British Columbia (BC), to maintain forest biodiversity and function and enhance aesthetic quality. Green-tree retention may also benefit the soil resource, and research is needed to understand how these silvicultural treatments affect soil nutrient availability and microbial community structure and function. The objectives of this study were to determine: (i) whether green-tree retention harvesting is better than clearcutting to retain nutrient availability and the structural and functional characteristics of the soil microbial community, and (ii) which spatial pattern of green-tree retention is superior for this purpose. Using an adjacent uncut forest to provide a baseline comparison, nutrient availability, substrate-induced respiration (SIR), enzyme activities, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were analysed in the forest floor and mineral soil of a second-growth Douglas-fir and western hemlock forest at the Silviculture Treatments for Ecosystem Management in the Sayward (STEMS) trial near Campbell River on Vancouver Island, BC, five years after aggregated retention harvesting, dispersed retention harvesting, and clearcutting. In general, there was no indication that nutrient availability and the structure and function of the soil microbial community in either green-tree retention treatment was intermediate between the clearcut and the uncut forest. Harvesting had no significant effect on nitrate and phosphate availabilities and SIR rates, but it generally reduced ammonium availability and enzyme activities in the forest floor. Green-tree retention harvesting caused a shift in the structure of soil microbial community, whereas clearcutting did not. Green-tree retention harvesting appeared better than clearcutting in maintaining the activities of forest floor β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and peroxidase enzymes closer to the level found in the uncut forest, but did not offer advantages over clearcutting in maintaining soil microbial community structure. Comparing the two spatial patterns of green-tree retention, the dispersed retention treatment was superior to the aggregated retention treatment because of its ability to retain soil microbial community structure and function more evenly across the harvested site.
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Rowson, Juliet Mary. "Community-based sustainability and the construction of difference on Galiano Island, British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25148.pdf.
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Beischer, Ailsa. "Community gleaning, food injustice, and the alternative food movement in Kelowna, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58348.
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This thesis applies a food justice lens to explore the inequities within Kelowna, B.C.’s emerging alternative food movement (AFM). This lens is further used to examine the practice of gleaning and its opportunities for food access and inclusivity. By drawing on critical race theory and post-structural feminist theory, under the broader umbrella of community based participatory research principles, this study challenges the existing discourse of ‘local food’ in Kelowna. The primary research question focuses on the lived experience of food injustice in Kelowna’s AFM to investigate the often-invisible realities of individuals at the margins of this movement. A secondary question focuses on how a community-gleaning project in Kelowna is making issues of food injustice more visible in the AFM. Findings suggest that, although Kelowna is an affluent agricultural community with an aspiring AFM, it is not exempt from the structural causes of hunger; rather, it tends to overlook issues of food inequity because it prioritizes local, healthy, and sustainable food without acknowledging the systemic challenges to accessing this type of food. This study also finds that Kelowna’s gleaning project is harnessing the issue of food waste to create an opportunity for engaging with food justice across diverse populations. This research is not representative of a majority of individuals experiencing food injustice, but instead focuses on a few in-depth experiences that act as a starting point for understanding and contending with food injustice. The participatory and praxis-centred approach used in this thesis emerged as a pragmatic tool that shows how a food justice approach can re-create a foodscape that acknowledges those at the margins and is inclusive, participatory, and enables all people to access healthy, local food.<br>Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan)<br>Graduate
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Lomas, Lisa Kapin. "The effects of local government expenditures on property values." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24402.
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This thesis examines the property value impacts of neighbourhood improvements to infrastructure provided by local government. The direct and indirect effects of a revitalization effort are studied in order to determine whether neighbourhood improvement programs generate positive spill over effects (externalities) to surrounding single family homes. These impacts are examined for a number of reasons: (a) property value determination studies have thus far omitted a treatment of detailed neighbourhood infrastructure variables; (b) the literature discussing externalities created by government intervention has either focussed primarily on the negative effects created by federal intervention, been theoretical in nature, or has been empirically inconclusive or contradictory; (c) the implementation of a neighbourhood improvement program in Canada was conceived of as a policy which would protect the investment of housing rehabilitation projects and has thus been expected to create positive neighbourhood effects.
The empirical analysis performed in this study examines neighbourhood improvements in general and a neighbourhood improvement program in particular. The Canadian Neighbourhood Improvement Program (NIP) is empirically analyzed using multiple regression analysis. An analysis of covariance technique allows us to test whether neighbourhood improvements have a greater impact on housing values if they were provided in NIP designated areas or in NIP years.
The empirical results of this study indicate that there are
very few externalities created by the NIP program. In some cases, improvements were found to have a negative impact on single family house prices indicating that some improvements generate a negative effect. In addition, living adjacent to a NIP designated area was found to negatively affect single family house prices in one of the study years. These findings imply that a justification for similar improvement efforts need to be based on something other than property value increases. Policy analysts should consider other economic and non-economic justifications for such efforts before embarking on similar programs.<br>Business, Sauder School of<br>Graduate
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Sheltinga, Janis Colette. "Death of a community, rebirth of a homeland? : planning processes for a Kwakiutl Indian community." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28347.
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During the 1960s, residents of isolated Kwakiutl Indian communities, located near the northern tip of Vancouver Island in Johnstone Straight, were encouraged by representatives of the Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) to relocate to regional urban centers. The majority of families from various Kwakiutl bands were, as a result, assimilated into non-native centers throughout the province.
This thesis examines the planning processes that contributed to the death of the Johnstone Straight communities; identifies the impacts of relocation on members of one Kwakiutl band, the Tanakteuk; and evaluates various alternatives for Indian development in the future, including an assessment of the desirability of reinhabitation of Kwakiutl homelands.
A literature review of international regional planning theory and development approaches points to the popularity of growth center development theory for two decades after World War Two. This theory continued to guide Canadian planning initiatives during the 1960s, resulting in the decline of rural communities, both native and non-native.
Interviews with Kwakiutl band members and former DIA personnel, and an examination of DIA documents, contribute to a profile of events leading to the relocation of Kwakiutl bands in the region. Consistent with the proponents of the growth center theory, DIA suspected that the costs of providing services and facilities could be minimized in urban centers as a result, of achieving economies of scale not possible with scattered villages, and that employment opportunities in industry would be greater. The department acted on this belief by reducing the provision of crucial services to the Johnstone Straight communities, without consulting those Indians directly affected.
An examination of documentation suggests that the relocation of Indians to urban centers was further advocated by DIA personnel for an additional reason: such a move would encourage Indians to abandon traditional lifestyles, and promote their assimilation into modern Canadian society. According to the assumptions on which orthodox development theory and DIA planning processes are based, Indians must adopt the values and lifestyles of participants in modern society for their development to proceed.
A questionnaire was administered to Tanakteuk Band members to investigate the impacts of relocation and the level of support for re-establishing the community of New Vancouver in their traditional homeland. Results of the survey demonstrate that the socio-economic conditions of the Tanakteuk families have not significantly improved as a result of being incorporated into mainstream Canadian society. In retrospect, growth center doctrine proved to be an inappropriate guide for the planning process for natives. While relocation may have increased access to services and facilities, it did not result in increased
employment opportunities. Moreover, by promoting assimilation into non-native societies, relocation threatened the cultural survival of the Tanakteuk. Having evaluated several options, the re-establishment of a community in New Vancouver has been identified by five Tanakteuk heads of households as the most rational means to strengthen their culture and further the long-term development of the Band. An alternative theory of development based on a synthesis of a territorial development approach and systems theory supports this planning option.
The case study of the Tanakteuk provides strong justification of the need for major changes to the planning processes used by the Department of Indian Affairs. An orthodox approach to development must be replaced by an alternative that aims to strengthen Indian society through the development of Indian economies within Indian cultural frameworks under the control of Indian political institutions. Planning processes must account for cultural differences of clientele.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of<br>Graduate
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Murphy, Aileen. "Planning for community-based services for the elderly in small towns in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30000.
Full textAbstract:
Elders who are living independently in the community (independent elders refers to all seniors who are living in the community as opposed to in an institution) often require support services, housing and transportation services. Unfortunately, research on North American elders repeatedly points to deficiencies in the health and human services that are available in small towns when compared to those available in urban centres. A lack of specialized medical and social services, few housing options and no public transportation services are characteristic of most small towns. For this thesis, seniors, municipal officials and formal care-givers in sixteen small towns in British Columbia were surveyed in order to determine the needs of small town elders in this province and the effectiveness of the present system in addressing these needs.
The results of the seniors' survey indicated that significant proportions of the elderly living in small B.C. towns require assistance in maintaining their homes and with transportation. While the elders who reported difficulties coping with housework tended to be receiving assistance, not all those who had difficulty with yardwork, repairs and transportation were being helped. The interdependence between the support service, housing and transportation related needs of the elderly was apparent from the survey results.
An inventory of the community-based services available in the sixteen B.C towns revealed that size of town is related to the number of services. In general, the larger the town, the greater the array of services for the elderly. However, size
of town was not the only determining factor. Towns in which the local community had become involved in the issue of community-based services for the elderly typically had services that were not available in towns of comparable size.
Under the Canadian Constitution, the provincial government is primarily responsible for the provision of health and social services. However, there are constraints or obstacles inherent to small towns which prevent services from being provided by the province. These include the fact that in a small town there is generally a shortage of personnel and organizational resources which enable a community to secure needed services from senior levels of government. As well, the distances among people and between people and services in rural environments, as compared to in urban environments, require special consideration.
The results of this examination of the small town elderly in B.C. and the community-based services available to them suggest that there is a need for improvement to the present system. Enhancing the involvement of the local community in the provision of community-based services for the elderly is suggested as a possible strategy. As well, services which are at an appropriate scale and accessible to the rural elderly need to be developed.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of<br>Graduate
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MacDonald, Ann. "The impact of the B.C. enterprise development centres on local economic development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26871.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis identifies several characteristics intrinsic to a process of local economic development. Intended as a proactive
and endogenous process, local economic development seeks to reduce a region's reliance on exported primary resources and external economies. Strategies intended to encourage the process frequently address two factors: how capital leakages can be decreased and how the value of exports can be increased.
The thesis addresses two variables in local economic development. One is the role of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial ventures facilitate new technologies and services, provide competition to existing companies and create new jobs which are locally based and owner-operated.
A second variable is the twofold role played by education and the colleges in particular in facilitating the establishment of an environment which is conducive to entrepreneurship. As learning institutions, the colleges have an important role to play in the promotion of attitudes and values required to encourage entrepreneurial ventures. A second role is to identify and address regional economic development opportunities.
Informational barriers, in the form of poor access to business educational services, restrict the numbers of entrepreneurial ventures in the province and contribute to high numbers of business failures. A college-based enterprise development centre is introduced in the thesis as a novel way to overcome these barriers and address the needs of the entrepreneur and the small business owner/operator. In their association with the colleges, these centres could also serve to promote attitudes and values which make entrepreneurship and self-employment a feasible option in the minds of college students.
The thesis identifies three particular objectives for a college-based enterprise development centre: to deliver highly responsive and flexible educational services to the small business sector; to establish a close and interactive relationship between the college and the small business sector in order to encourage experiential learning and enhanced levels of entrepreneurship among the students, and to identify and facilitate the training for local economic development opportunities.
These objectives are contained in a model EDC which is used as a yardstick to evaluate eight enterprise development centres established by the colleges in B.C. via the Local Economic Development and Renewal Fund (LERD). Four particular areas of interest constitute the basis of the evaluation: the extent to which the centres are engaged in a process which contributes to local economic development and the creation of new wealth; the flexible delivery of educational services to the small business sector; the promotion of entrepreneurship; and the integration of the centres with their respective colleges.
The most dominant impact of the B.C. enterprise development centres appears to be in the delivery of educational services to the small business sector. The centres provide one-to-one counselling and business services in a way which is flexible and responsive to the needs of the small business sector. They are also actively promoting entrepreneurship in that they have helped to establish support and professional networks for new entrepreneurs. Two primary weaknesses of the existing B.C. structure are the reactive nature of the centres' activities and their weak and poorly integrated links to the colleges.
Two overall conclusions are drawn. One, as few regional policies appear to be in place to encourage the formulation of a regional strategy, the thesis concludes that the LERD fund is not reflective of renewed support for regional planning and development in the province. Also, there is little evidence to suggest that a decentralization effort intended to create more local autonomy and control over the colleges is occurring. A second conclusion is that the colleges are not being restructured in order that they may become more pro-actively involved in a process of local economic development.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of<br>Graduate
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Rockandel, Catherine. "The road from resource dependency to community sustainability: the case of Kimberley, British Columbia /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2066.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005.<br>Theses (Special Arrangements: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.
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Malowaniec, Leah. "Determining community attitudes and concerns with respect to the establishment of safer injection facilities in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84527.
Full textAbstract:
Safer injection facilities (SIFs) provide a clean and supervised environment, thereby reducing health risks to drug users. Potential benefits include fewer overdoses, decreased rates of HIV, Hepatitis, and other blood-borne viruses, a reduction in open drug use, increased opportunities for health services and treatments, and cost savings to society. A pilot safer injection site is expected to open in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside in September 2003. This study assesses community attitudes and concerns with respect to SIFs. Focus groups with police officers, street nurses, and injection drug users in February and March 2003 revealed that they are supportive of the sites. Concerns related to the community impacts, external supports, administration, process, safety, and special populations (e.g. women, youth) were indicated. Special attention should be paid to the involvement of injection drug users in planning and programming, the inclusion of peer workers, the relationships between injection drug users, the wider population, and the police, and safety for marginalized populations. Recommendations to address concerns and ensure inclusive processes are provided.
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Cheboud, Elias Assefa. "A heuristic study on successful Ethiopian refugees in British Columbia : identity and the role of community." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58562.pdf.
Full text
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Nielsen, Carol. "A strategy for increasing employment and crisis housing options for women." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25478.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the strategy of community economic development (CED) to potentially alleviate some of the hardships women experience in obtaining both adequate income through employment and access to transitional (crisis) housing.
These two distinct yet inter-related problems have been selected to provide a manageable scope for this thesis and as a result of my own keen interest and involvement in these two areas: employment and crisis housing for women. Indeed, as a comprehensive development strategy, CED may provide the means to effectively deal with the broader complex of disadvantages such as social and economic dependency, marginalization and isolation by providing opportunities for independence and social change.
Women are concentrated in low paid occupations, earn 62% of what men earn (1980), experience high unemployment and a number of employment barriers including subtle and/or overt discrimination and a double burden of work and family responsibilities. Women earn 30% (1980) of the total income in B.C., experience a disproportionate amount of poverty as individuals and as single parent family heads, and are twice as likely as men to report government transfer payments as our main source of income. In addition, one in ten women who are married or in a live-in relationship with a lover is battered, and only 50% have access to a transition house or hostel which accepts women who are battered. Due to full capacities, those houses that do exist regularly must refuse access. CED is a very simple concept intended to address very serious and complex economic and social conditions. The ultimate goal is to improve the quality of life of community members through community initiated and supported economic and social activity which generates employment, wealth, community benefit and a great degree of self-esteem. Community is defined here as women who share a common view or ideology and interest in employment and crisis housing provisions. Through the development of women's enterprises, employment may be generated and profits channelled to the creation and operation of transition houses. CED provides a means for incremental change through planning, and specifically, women planning for women to take greater control of our lives.
Having entered a "new reality" within this province complete with restraint and privatization and increasing unemployment with associated economic and social costs, CED appears increasingly favourable, particularly for women. Unemployment and violence is increasing while resources and solutions lacking.
The opportunity to examine the potential of CED to meet the objectives as stated is provided through the development of a potential scenario and considerations which must be made to increase the probability of success. If women are to experiment with CED, thorough planning must occur within a long-term development strategy. CED is not easy and provides no quick-fix solution to the disadvantages women experience. When consideration
of organizational activities, capacity levels and other factors required for success is undertaken, in addition to a realistic examination of the potential and obstacles for CED, good results may occur.
CED should be approached both enthusiastically and cautiously. It is my hope that women's organizations will take up the challenge and test the potential.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of<br>Graduate
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Kimmel, Ainslee. "Mental health perceptions of rural community members and firefighting personnel after a wildfire." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3285.
Full textAbstract:
Wildfires in Canada and around the world are increasing in frequency each year from factors such as accumulated fuel load, climate changes, and pine beetle infestation. Due to an increased proportion of individuals living in the wildland–urban interface areas within Canada and due to the increasing need for firefighters to fight the growing number of fires that burn each year, the potential threat for humans is also becoming greater. Conducted on the 2009 West Kelowna, British Columbia wildfires, this descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study incorporates quantitative validity measurements to investigate factors related to individual variations in psychological distress and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The findings revealed that perception of control, social support, compounding stressors (i.e., dual roles, ongoing responsibilities and personal issues), and coping methods (i.e., debriefing, humour, self-care behaviours, and reflection) were precursors to psychological health and resilience. Since wildfires are increasing in Canada as well as on a global scale, understanding how they affect residents and firefighting personnel from a mental health perspective is important to research, as it can lead to identifying more effective interventions, better provision of disaster relief services, and increase individual resilience.<br>xi, 193 leaves ; 29 cm
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Bain, Margaret Mali. "Community-university engagement : case study of a partnership on Coast Salish territory in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45948.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of expanding community engagement efforts by universities and growing awareness of the past and current impacts of settler-colonialism in Canada, this study explores one Indigenous-settler, community-university partnership. Building on a framework of community-university engagement and decolonization, or decolonizing community-university engagement, this case study explores a partnership between Fraser Valley Aboriginal Children and Family Services Society (Xyolhemeylh) and the Division of Health Care Communication at the University of British Columbia (UBC-DHCC). The ‘Community as Teacher’ program, which began in 2006 and is ongoing as of 2013, engages groups of UBC health professional students in 3-day cultural summer camps. The camps, designed to further connect Indigenous youth and families with their culture, were initiated by Stó:lō elders over 20 years ago. Xyolhemeylh staff coordinate the cultural camp program in collaboration with Stó:lō community groups. UBC-DHCC recruits UBC health professional students to participate in camps as part of the ‘Community as Teacher’ program.
This qualitative case study draws primarily on analysis of program documents and interviews with four Xyolhemeylh and three UBC-DHCC participants. The findings of this study are framed within ‘Four Rs’, building upon existing frameworks of Indigenous community-university engagement (Butin, 2010; Kirkness & Barnhardt, 1991). Building on a foundation of relevance to the mission of both partners, both partners undertook risk-taking, based on their respective contexts, in establishing and continuing to invest in the relationship. Respect, as expressed by working ‘in a good way’, formed the basis for interpersonal relationship-building. This study provides a potential framework for practitioners and has implications for the Community as Teacher partnership, funding structures, and Indigenous-university partnerships.
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Morrison, Ellen Samantha. "Sustainable transport safety : ComPASS case study of a community U-PASS in Kelowna, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54757.
Full textAbstract:
One way to reduce the negative impacts of automobile-dependency is to encourage active transportation (AT), such as walking, biking, and transit, while reducing vehicle use. One initiative proven to reduce vehicle use is the Community U-Pass (ComPASS) concept demonstrated through Boulder, Colorado’s Neighbourhood Eco (NECO) Pass program. ComPASS is a universal community transportation pass (U-Pass) that would provide unlimited access transit passes and other possible components including recreation centre passes, bike tune-ups, merchant incentives, and emergency taxi rides home. The goal of providing a ComPASS to neighbourhoods is to provide an attractive alternative to encourage decreased personal vehicle use in favour of AT modes. This thesis explores the possibility of a ComPASS for the residents of the Glenmore neighbourhood in Kelowna, British Columbia. Two factors motivated this research: 1) an interest in sustainable communities and 2) sustainable transport safety (STS). The objectives of this research were to 1) compare Kelowna to other cities where similar ComPASS programs have been successful, 2) design a ComPASS that would compete with personal vehicle use, and 3) implement a ComPASS pilot program to test the potential of the program in Kelowna.
Results suggest that ComPASS could significantly reduce personal vehicle use at a 93.7% confidence level and increase transit use at an 85.7% confidence level. Personal vehicle use could decrease between 6% and 12% amongst ComPASS holders which would translate to a reduction in vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) per household, resulting in several community-wide benefits. Due to the potential benefits, ComPASS is a recommended tool for the City of Kelowna to implement in efforts to achieve their sustainability goals. Consequently, a three-year permanent ComPASS trial is recommended in the Phase 2 study area, along with transit improvements. Assuming a participation rate of 59%, 19 of the 32 piloted households would participate in a permanent ComPASS program. Over the three year trial period assuming 19 participating households, there could be 6,052 kg to 12,103 kg reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 15 to 30 reduced road injuries, 0.06 to 0.11 reduced road fatalities, and social and government savings of $20,552.26 to $41,104.51.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Engineering, School of (Okanagan)<br>Graduate
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Campbell, Alison. "Vegetation-environment relationships and plant community classification and ordination in British Columbia coastal salt marshes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25854.
Full textAbstract:
The plant communities of thirteen salt marshes along the coast of British Columbia are described and mapped, and a literature review on salt marsh ecological studies along the Pacific coast of North America is presented.
Coastal marshes in B.C. were compared based on plant species composition. The plant communities of the northern B.C. marshes in this study were similar to southern B.C. marshes (excluding the Fraser River marshes) except that they lacked Distichlis spicata and Grindelia integrifolia as dominant species. The plant communities on the Queen Charlotte Islands and northern mainland differed slightly from each other and from those on northern Vancouver Island.
Multivariate methods of analysis (principal components analysis, canonical correlation analysis and multivariate analysis of variance) applied to the field data indicated that vegetation - elevation relationships in the marshes ranged from strong to weak. Also, although elevation was important, factors other than elevation were mainly related to plant community patterns in the marshes. Most species were located throughout the marshes (e.g. Carex lyngbyei, Deschampsia cespitosa, Potentilla anserina and Triglochin maritimum ) while others (e.g. Elymus mollis ) showed restricted distributions with respect to elevation.
Using multivariate analysis of variance, the plant community classifications derived subjectively in the field for management purposes (based on aerial photographs and principal components analysis) were found to explain most ( > 84% ) of the variation in the vegetation data. A comparison between the classification developed in this study and that used by the British Columbia Ministry of Environment suggested that the Ministry of Environment classification could be improved by further subdividing on the basis of salinity.
At the Yakoun and Dala marshes, various ordination methods (principal components analysis, principal coordinates analysis, reciprocal averaging and detrended correspondence analysis) as well as cluster analysis were compared for their ability to identify the plant communities and to summarize variation in the data. Detrended correspondence analysis was the only method that distinguished all the plant communities recognized in the field. However, the first three axes only explained a small amount of the variation in the vegetation data. Principal components analysis using quantitative data and a covariance matrix, and principal coordinates analysis using quantitative data accounted for twice as much variation in the data and identified three out of four communities.
A detailed study of soils - vegetation - elevation relationships at the Yakoun and Dala marshes showed that weak relationships existed between elevation and soils variables but all soils variables were important in accounting for the variation in the vegetation data.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Botany, Department of<br>Graduate
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Coote, Robin Gale. "Neighborhood stability and attitudes toward change." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25368.
Full textAbstract:
The purposes of this thesis were: 1. to learn more about neighbourhood stability and 2. to examine the interrelationships between neighbourhood stability, residents' attitudes toward their neighbourhood and their attitudes toward environmental change. Earlier studies revealed that residents frequently resist environmental change in their neighbourhood, therefore, it was hypothesized that as neighbourhood stability increases, residents' attitudes toward environmental change would become less favourable. In contrast, it was hypothesized that residents' attitudes toward their neighbourhood would become more favourable as neighbourhood stability increases. Finally, it was hypothesized that as residents' attitudes toward their neighbourhood become more favourable, their attitudes toward environmental change would become less favourable.
The literature and interviews with municipal planners helped clarify the meaning of neighbourhood stability, while the hypotheses were tested using data collected during the 1984 construction of the Advanced Light Rapid Transit(ALRT) system in east Vancouver. The data were collected from over 600 residents located near the Broadway, Nanaimo, 29th Avenue and Joyce ALRT stations. Indices of neighbourhood stability, favourable attitudes toward environmental change and favourable attitudes toward the neighbourhood were created and compared using analysis of variance. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to test the three hypotheses.
The findings did not provide conclusive support for the hypotheses. However, the findings suggested that as neighbourhood stability increases, residents' attitudes toward environmental change become slightly less favourable, while their attitudes toward the neighbourhood tend to become more favourable. Furthermore, as residents' attitudes toward their neighbourhood become more favourable, their attitudes toward environmental change also become more favourable. Regardless of the stability of the neighbourhood, residents were neither favourable nor unfavourable toward change in their neighbourhood.
The thesis concludes with a discussion of neighbourhood stability, the role of municipal planners and the responsibilities of the three levels of government in maintaining stable neighbourhoods.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of<br>Graduate
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Beer, Ruth Sulamith. "Landscape and identity : three artists/teachers in British Columbia." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9938.
Full textAbstract:
In this interdisciplinary study, narrative portraiture is used as a methodology to
depict three visual artists who draw on their lived experience, traditions and
values to engage viewers, through their artwork, about issues of landscape and
identity. I argue for an educative paradigm applied to art practice that seeks
individual and social/cultural transformation within and across communities
through pedagogical processes that recognize diverse audiences. Questions
guiding this study are: How do the artists' ideas and practices relate to living in
British Columbia and the representation of the land? What are their
motivations and strategies for expressing those ideas? How are the roles of
these artists and the roles of teachers linked?
The study considers the ways in which Jin-me Yoon, Lawrence Paul
Yuxweluptun and Marian Penner Bancroft foreground landscape in British
Columbia as a complex phenomenon and as a powerful icon in Canadian culture.
Through interviews and analysis of artwork, this study examines how these
artist/pedagogues challenge artistic conventions, myths and historical narratives
that have framed Western culture and influenced their experience. By
employing and disrupting conventions of representations of the land, they
construct new narratives concerned with issues of identity, the environment,
Native land claims, and urban history. This research portrait of artists who
attempt to inscribe a place for themselves and their communities within the life
of the province, is also a portrait of 'place', or the complex interrelationship of
people and the environment.
As role models and spokespersons who link knowledge and culture, the artists
share a desire'to foster understanding through postmodern art practices and
dialogic pedagogical processes. This study acknowledges their dual role as artist
and teacher, involving models of practice that aim to effect social change and
environmental care. It examines how their work integrating art and education,
reflects and attempts to shape the social, cultural and political landscape within
shifting conditions of society today. This study aims to provide a greater
understanding of artist/pedagogues and calls for an increased focus on a
pedagogical role for artists in museums, schools and other community-based
sites, particularly with respect to multicultural and environmental art
education.
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Shea, Tusa. "Representing the Eternal Network : Vancouver artists' publications, 1969-73." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/737.
Full text
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Helweg, Priya Anne. ""Why shouldn’t we live in technicolor like everybody else..."¹ evolving traditions : Professional Northwest coast First Nations women artists." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3570.
Full textAbstract:
In this study I interviewed fourteen professional, First Nations women artists who work
predominantly in the so-called men's style of Northwest Coast art. I conclude that these artists
challenge the rigid dichotomy set forth in the literature between men's and women's art by
successfully working as carvers and designers in the formline style.
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Garneau, J. E. Paul. "Faculty development in British Columbia Community Colleges." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1764.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis was an attempt to better understand what it would take for faculty development decision makers to promote faculty vitality more effectively in British Columbia community colleges. First, it was necessary to examine governmental expectations and objectives for the entire system. Next, a review of the complex terminology used to describe multiple aspects of faculty development was presented. This was followed by an extensive review of the literature on the subject, going back to its early development through to the year 1992. This review revealed the existence of considerable diversity throughout the field. In an effort to somewhat rationalize what faculty development pursuits had come to, a comprehensive model was developed and put to the test with a sampling of decision makers employed at two-year institutions. The model served as a base for the development of an integrated questionnaire which featured an elaborated checklist of potential faculty development activities. Respondents were asked to provide strategic as well as operational information as it related to the developmental needs of regular full-time faculty members. The study's inductive findings supported the model well, enabling an analysis of its implications regarding theory, research, and practice.
38
Fulton, Andrew. "Making the connection: a sustainable community network for British Columbia." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4691.
Full textAbstract:
The goals of this thesis are to identify the objectives for creating a Sustainable Community
Network (SCN) within B.C., to acknowledge the various tools available to facilitate the network,
and to develop illustrative models to guide those contemplating the establishment of a network.
Three primary research methods were utilized in this project: literature reviews, group discussion
in a focus workshop, and individual interviews. The literature reviewed focused on the fields of
collaboration, networks in both technical and social capacities, and coalitions.
Four objectives are identified as motives to create a SCN: to provide exchange mechanisms, to
organise the "unformalized" field, to create a community of interest, and to be a vehicle for power,
influence and empowerment.
The emphasis at the beginning should be on building personal relationships over creating an
electronic network. Other specific products and services are identified as beneficial for the
stakeholders: newsletters, conferences, inventories, facilitation, and a clearinghouse for
information. Alternatives for administering the network include a network manager, an
administrative body, a governing body, and an intermediary broker. This research helps define networks within the field of planning. They may act as a support
system, streamline efforts through collaboration or by reducing duplication of effort, act as a
forum for monitoring and assessment activities, and be a source for on-going public participation.
Three conceptual models are developed representing a range of possibilities for creating the
network. The models are labeled the "Fundamental Network" at the basic level, the "Coalition
Network", and the "Collaborative Network" at the most complex level.
The need for a SCN is reconfirmed. The network should proceed from a "human scale" and
develop the capabilities of the electronic network as computer literacy and technological capacity
become generally available. Finally, it is recommended that the network should proceed slowly,
building on community objectives and incorporating the diverse activities possible through
collaboration as experience is gained.
Further research is needed to clarify the potential for networks in planning and management, to
better understand the evolving place for computer technology, and to monitor the effectiveness of
the networks as they are implemented.
39
Muir, Sara Katherine. "Agricultural land and community in British Columbia : UBC research farm and Oyster River community : towards an agri-culture." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9207.
Full textAbstract:
The Oyster River Research project begins by exploring the meaning of agriculture, the
definition, the history, the cultural context of agri-culture, as well as the role of agriculture in our
present day. An overview of the Agricultural Census 1992 is given to outline the Agricultural
Industry past and present within Canada, and the major issues and constraints with regards to
Agriculture in British Columbia are identified. Elements of farmland conservation, BC's ALR, as
well as case studies and precedents regarding farmland conservation strategies are also
discussed. From this research exploration, an understanding of the role and scope of UBC, the
Oyster River Farm, and the surrounding community, locally and regionally is met, and programs
capable of linking these issues are developed. These programs, in conjunction with the overall
farm and community site design, exhibit the most beneficial means of defining and developing
the relationship of UBC, the farm, and the community, while maintaining the integrity of
agricultural land and the practice of farming for local food security. Ultimately, this design thesis
offers a solution that attempts to serve UBC, the Oyster River Farm and the local / regional
community in a manner most sensitive socially, ecologically, and economically to issues
presently facing the Research Farm and the larger community of the Comox-Strathcona
Regional District.
40
Pavlich, George Clifford. "Mediating community disputes : the regulatory logic of government through pastoral power." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3146.
Full textAbstract:
The protracted crises of authority that characterized the 1960s and 1970s left their imprints on
a number of institutions in Canadian society. The dispute resolution arena, for one, was affected
by the turmoil of this age as more informal, 'empowering' alternatives were sought to replace
the disempowering procedures of courtroom adjudication. The present thesis focuses on one
aspect of an ensuing 'alternative dispute resolution' movement in the Canadian province of
British Columbia; namely, community mediation. In particular, it begins by looking at the
rhetoric and practices through which community mediation has been deployed. Advocates tout
this process as an 'empowering' method of resolving disputes because it encourages individuals
to work conflict out in the 'community', thus - so their reasoning goes - limiting state intrusion
into people's everyday lives. By contrast, critics of the movement argue that the deployment of
informal justice actually expands state control, and contend that it does so rather insidiously
under the guise of 'restricting' state activities.
Close scrutiny of this debate, however, reveals significant weaknesses in both positions, mainly
relating to their unnecessarily narrow definition of the 'problem'; i.e., whether informal justice
expands or reduces state control. This is a highly questionable formulation, for it demands a
simple response from what is a much more complex and ambiguous event. Taking its cue from
more recent developments in the literature, the following analysis reconceptualizes the 'problem'
by asking: what is the logic of control embodied by mediation practices in a given context? It
responds to the question by developing certain Foucauldian precepts into a theory that explicates
the model of power through which mediation regulates action. Its implicit objective is to understand the political rationale of mediation in order to pursue how this might be used to
further social justice.
Various genealogical procedures are employed to formulate such a theory by responding to four
central questions. What are the wider lines of descent that have helped to produce the particular
version of community mediation that now colours British Columbia's landscape? What precise
model of power does the rhetoric and practice of mediation reflect? How does this informal
model of power link up with the formal power of the law/state? What are the implications of this
for engaging politically with community mediation, if one's aim is to achieve social justice?
Responding to each of these in turn supplies the basic thesis of the following text.
In brief, I argue that community mediation has developed in British Columbia in tandem with
a shift from Fordist to Post-Fordist modes of regulation (politics) and production (economics) that
characterized the 1970s. Influenced by legal reforms and experiments with 'alternatives' to courts,
community mediation has assumed an identity which incorporates a 'pastoral' model of power.
This model is articulated to the state's 'law-sovereign' model as a 'complementary,' but
subordinate, alternative. The association between these results in an indirect form of governance -
'government at a distance' - that may expand the state's potential to control people, but which
is also considerably less predictable. This offers both opportunities and barriers to political action
in the informal justice arena. Consequently, while the current deployment of community
mediation in British Columbia tends to support the professionalised justice of the existing legal
system, it may yet be possible to transform its identity through an 'alternative' politics of law
that strives for social justice.
41
Mitchell, Esther Lenore. "Examination of the British Columbia Community Tourism Action Program." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5069.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines and evaluates the British Columbia
Community Tourism Action Program (CTAP), a provincial program
that aims to help communities broaden their economic bases by
developing tourism. Specifically, it questions how isolated
single-industry towns implement the British Columbia CTAP, and
how they evaluate it, using the examples of Golden and Ucluelet,
both of which have been using the program since 1991.
The thesis does not base its conclusions on financial data,
but on the communities' responses to a questionnaire about the
CTAP, on meetings with each community's tourism action committee,
and on a comparison of theories of tourism planning with the
actual workings of the British Columbia CTAP.
After establishing why single-industry towns may have a
special need to diversify their economies, the thesis traces the
evolution of the British Columbia CTAP from two other programs:
its predecessor—British Columbia Tourism Development Strategy—
and the Alberta Community Tourism Action Program. Following this
history is a brief description of why tourism planning is
necessary, including some of the environmental, economic and
social effects of tourism, and then a review of the literature
concerning tourism planning. A detailed study of the Golden and
Ucluelet plans, several evaluations of the program, and
recommendations for future research complete the thesis. Since the town representatives responses to the British
Columbia CTAP have been favourable and since the program matches
several of the most important theoretical requirements of tourism
planning, the thesis concludes with qualified approval of the
program. Reservations about the program's effectiveness include
concerns about how well all the residents of a town are
represented, how the program is evaluated, and how the program
deals with sustainability issues. The final recommendations
section sketches in how these problems might be addressed and
also suggests some supplements to the CTAP.
42
Paluck, Elan Carla Marie. "Involvement of British Columbia community pharmacists in health promotion." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3476.
Full textAbstract:
Community pharmacists are faced with many opportunities to
participate in health promotion. The purpose of this study was to
determine the extent to which community pharmacists in British
Columbia are involved in health promotion activities, and which
external factors, if any, affect this level of involvement.
A causal model was developed which proposed that
independent pharmacist and practice variables would influence
pharmacists' involvement in health promotion activities. A five-
page mail questionnaire was distributed to a systematic stratified
sample of 625 practising community pharmacists in British Columbia.
A five-point Likert-type scale was used to examine the frequencies
of pharmacist involvement in 33 different health promotion
activities.
Three different follow-up procedures were used to attain a
final response rate of 83.6%. Results of the study show that
pharmacists most frequently participate in activities that are
related directly to the dispensing or selling of medications.
These events include advising clients on over-the-counter
medications, querying clients on possible allergies, obtaining
medical histories, querying clients on current medications, and
suggesting non-drug alternatives to drug therapy for minor
ailments. The activities that displayed the lowest participation
amongst pharmacists included speaking to community groups on health
related matters, participating in disease screening programs,
querying clients on their level of occupational stress, counselling
clients on AIDS prevention, and querying clients on their smoking
status. Variables that were found to influence a pharmacist's
level of participation in health promotion were a pharmacist's
employment status (full-time or part-time), marital status, type of
practice, geographic location of the practice, pharmacist's
personal health beliefs and behaviours, and the socioeconomic
status of the clientele predominantly served.
43
Rudder, Adam Julian. "A black community in Vancouver? : a history of invisibility." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/733.
Full text
44
Miller, Lorrie. "Learning to be proud : First Nations women’s stories of learning, teaching, art and culture." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4323.
Full textAbstract:
Six First Nations women artists tell their stories about
learning their art and culture. Previous research has paid
little attention to the learning experiences of First Nation
women artists. Ethnographic research methods were used in
this qualitative study. Field research included video and
audio recorded intensive open-ended interviews with three
Coastal Salish women from Sechelt, British Columbia, and
three Cree women from Pukatawagan, Manitoba, as they tel l how
essential learning and teaching, art and culture are to them,
their children and their communities.
This study shows that there is a need for curricular
reform and teacher education reform so that the school
experiences for First Nations students will reflect and be
sensitive to their histories, traditions and overall cultural
identities. From testimonies presented in this thesis, it is
evident that effective teaching of relevant cultural art
content that results in meaningful learning leads to
increased self knowledge, confidence and pride.
45
Backstrom, Erik Glenn. "Walk West 10th: encouraging walking through community-based social marketing." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7610.
Full textAbstract:
Many transportation and other social problems would be eased or solved if the automobile dependency
which is now so pervasive in North American cities were reduced. Many planners, transportation
engineers, and other professionals and activists are advocating walking, among other things, as a
viable transportation alternative. Various measures and programs are being applied in an attempt to
get people out of their cars and onto their feet. This thesis discusses an addition to the pro-pedestrian
tool kit: community-based social marketing. Adapted from marketing concepts which have been
remarkably successful in influencing the consumption of goods and services, social marketing is a
bundle of techniques intended to influence the adoption of socially desirable behaviours. A
demonstration of community-based social marketing in the community of West Point Grey in
Vancouver, British Columbia shows how social marketing can be used to encourage walking within
neighbourhoods. The demonstration shows social marketing to be a promising new tool in the hand of
those eager to promote walking, although more work needs to be done to verify this conclusion.
46
O’Donnell, Christine Ann. "Outreach in community archives in British Columbia: four case studies." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4051.
Full textAbstract:
In the past, little has been written about the practical
aspects of outreach. This thesis investigates the value of
outreach and how it is put into practice in British Columbia's
community archives. Interviews with managers of four community
archives were conducted. The findings reveal that three of the
interviewees regard outreach as a high priority and a
fundamental part of regular activity. For these respondents,
outreach activities have been positive and beneficial. They
have successfully used outreach to augment and assist with
acquisition, preservation and use of archival records. Only one
interviewee presented a passive and cautious approach towards
outreach. Results of this study indicate that outreach
activities are not influenced by the administrative setting or
the budget of the archives.
This study identified the essential components necessary
for the implementation and delivery of successful outreach
initiatives as: a regular source of funding, incorporation into
an annual work plan, district goals and objectives that are
relevant to the mandate of the institution, attention to the
target audience, community co-operation and support, and
evaluation of results.
This study reaffirms the value of archivists practising
outreach, and provides encouragement to those who are looking
for concrete methods of approaching outreach.
47
Pan, Ting. "Chinese immigrants and sustainable community development from a cultural perspective." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16655.
Full textAbstract:
Greater Vancouver has experienced a dramatic influx of international immigration in the
past three decades. This demographic change has two major implications for sustainable
development in this region. First, the increase of population is placing great pressure on
the environment and maintaining the current quality of life. Second, while it is critical to
include the rapidly-growing immigrant population in the Greater Vancouver region's
sustainability initiatives, the increasing ethnic diversity of this region raises issues of
communication and cross-cultural understanding. This exploratory study examines
Chinese immigrants housing preferences and explores their implications for sustainable
community development in Greater Vancouver. This study focuses on Chinese
immigrants because they have an increasing influence on the region's physical, cultural
and political landscape.
Through 30 in-depth interviews with Chinese immigrants of qualitatively different
backgrounds, this study examined preferences for home location, attributes of dwelling,
and its proximal space. The study employed grounded theory approach assisted with
picture comparison and trade-off game techniques. Results indicate that Chinese
immigrants' housing aspirations are strongly influenced by a desire to assimilate into
mainstream culture in North America. Further, considerations of traditional Chinese
v housing form and style are not a priority among the study group. However, an array of
social and economic constraints and priorities inform their housing choices. Amenities
that are important to Chinese immigrants are identified for various aspects of a
community. A number of recommendations are drawn from these priorities and
preferences, which may be applied by planners, policy makers, designers and developers
of sustainable communities for Chinese immigrant populations. Additional observations
on language barriers, civic involvement, and community outreach programs suggest
challenges and opportunities to promote sustainable living among Chinese immigrants.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for<br>Graduate
48
Cairns, Michele Elizabeth. "Community-police partnerships: coproducing crime prevention services : a Vancouver case study." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8017.
Full textAbstract:
Since the early 1990s, the Vancouver Police Department has embarked upon coproductive
service arrangements with various geographic communities throughout the city of
Vancouver. Through the vehicle of storefront crime prevention offices (CPOs), local
communities and the police are working in partnership to problem-solve around local crime
and safety issues. Three models of crime prevention offices have emerged: ethnic-specific,
police-run, and community-run. This thesis focuses on a case study of the community-run
model—community crime prevention offices (CCPOs).
Through participant observation, key informant interviews, analysis of policy documents and
a review of the respective literatures on community policing and community crime
prevention theory and practice, the present case study was examined. Key informants
revealed basic partner expectations. The community expect the police to be accessible to the
offices through their physical presence and by ongoing two-way communications regarding
community crime-related concerns. The police, in return, expect the CCPOs to provide a
conduit through which community needs and priorities can be communicated to them. Each
partner brings to the office function different responsibilities. The community is responsible
for maintaining adequate levels of community support for office programs and services. The
police provide a set level of human and material resources to all crime prevention offices.
Much has been written on the rationale behind the "community-police partnership" era.
However, less has been written about the effective implementation of such partnerships.
While the main thrust behind the formation of CPOs has been occurring since 1994, there are
still no clear guidelines set regarding partner roles and responsibilities. The future viability
of CCPOs is predicated on the mutual accountability of both the community and the police.
Future steps could be taken to ensure the responsibility of both partners in this process:
1) a partnership agreement should be implemented between the community and the police to
clarify expectations and role contributions;
2) accountability measures should be in place to reflect partner expectations and roles;
3) the police, as public servants, should address the resource inequities which exist among
CCPOs;
4) the community should ensure CCPO programming is responsive to broad-based
community need; and
5) ongoing efforts should be made to enhance partner communication.
CCPOs have proven to be a vehicle of great promise. CCPOs are an interesting coproductive
blend of community self-help and police re-organization along community policing lines. By
first addressing their commitment to each other as partners, and attending to some of the
weaknesses in this present partnership configuration, a more effective partnership will result.
Such a partnership will better serve their mutual goals to enhance the safety and livability of
Vancouver neighbourhoods.
49
Lawrie, Richard Singleton. "The Ministry of Social Services’ Community Development Workers’ Initiative : workers’ perception of their practice." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4386.
Full textAbstract:
The start-up of the Community Development Workers'
Initiative (CDWI) aims at formally beginning the process of
re-establishing community development practice within British
Columbia's Ministry of Social Services (MSS). This report's
goals are to document the MSS Community Development Workers1
(CDWs) perceptions of their practice, challenges, and
successes both outside of and within the MSS. These goals are
carried out within the context of organizational change
theories and models. This research was conducted
approximately one year after the start-up of the CDWI.
This is an explorative/descriptive study which garners
CDW input from questionnaires and face-to-face interviews.
These two measures were utilized in order to yield qualitative
data. Qualitative methods and Rothman's framework (three
modes of community organization) are employed to extrapolate
major themes.
The findings reveal that most CDW respondents report
their practice to reflect one or more of the three models
described in Rothman's framework. Underlining this trend, the
selection of community organizational strategies usually
appears to be driven by a process involving the community and
their identified needs and interests. Documentation and
discussion also include CDWI community work constructs, the
obstacles faced by the respondents, CDW's perceptions of MSS' s
needs and interests, and the sampled CDW's recommendations
surrounding organizational change through the use of a
community development approach.
50
Welch, Danyta Leigh. "Lessons learned in capacity : a review of the community development education projects of the Social Planning & Research Council of British Columbia." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16782.
Full textAbstract:
In rural areas across British Columbia capacity building is seen as an answer to
declining economic, social and ecological conditions and regional capacity building
organizations are delivering community development education projects in
response. However, not enough is known about how community development
education projects or regional organizations contribute to capacity building in
rural regions. The intent of this thesis is to learn from the experience of Social
Planning & Research Council of BC (SPARC BC) about the ways regional capacity
building organizations can use community development education to positively
impact capacity building in rural regions such as those in BC.
A review of SPARC BC materials was conducted to locate SPARC BC within capacity
building typologies identified in the literature. A questionnaire was administered
to SPARC BC's project participants to gain an understanding of how its approaches
to community development education impacted capacity building. Questionnaire
findings were interpreted in consultation with SPARC staff.
This thesis draws conclusions at three levels. First, the questionnaire highlights
the experience of community members and demonstrates that SPARC BC's
workshops were well-received, with the most impact being seen at the level of
community relationship building. Second, by combining these findings with
evaluations of two other projects, a number of themes are exposed, including the
need for understanding community context, providing follow-up, and recognizing
the diversity of each community. Third, the questionnaire and themes are used
to explore the lessons that have been learned and which inform regional capacity
building organizations providing community development education. Two of the
lessons, encouraging community ownership and recognizing the iterative nature of
capacity building, speak directly to the long-term nature of delivering community
development education, while the lessons of diversity and transparency suggest
improvements to how regional organizations work with communities. The final
lessons of reflection and collaboration speak to the internal operations of
capacity building organizations.
Overall, the lessons learned from SPARC BC suggest that regional capacity
building organizations have an important role to play and that increased
reflection on both the process and outcomes of capacity building projects could
strengthen community development education in rural regions.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of<br>Graduate