Academic literature on the topic 'Artists – united states – interviews'
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Journal articles on the topic "Artists – united states – interviews"
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Chapman, Dasha A., and Mario LaMothe. "Afro-Feminist Performance Routes: Documenting Embodied Dialogue and AfroFem Articulations." Dance Research Journal 53, no. 2 (2021): 8–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767721000255.
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AbstractThis conversation emerges from the Afro-Feminist Performance Routes's biennial gatherings at Duke University that have taken place since 2016. Hinging on the work of Lēnablou (Guadeloupe), Rujeko Dumbutshena (Zimbabwe, United States), Sephora Germain (Haiti), Yanique Hume (Jamaica, Cuba, Barbados), Jessi Knight (United States), Halifu Osumare (United States), Luciane Ramos-Silva (Brazil), and Jade Power Sotomayor (Puerto Rico, United States), the focused residency has nurtured embodied dialogues centered on African-derived dance practices and gender, femininity, womanhood, femme, and feminisms. What follows is a scripted simulation of conversations generated in roundtables, workshops, performances, and interviews, as well as around dinner tables and during late-night chats. We've woven together the artists’ statements under two umbrella themes—embodied philosophies and contours of diaspora—in order to highlight the relationship between creative practice and lived experience, between singularity and collective, between precarity and the everyday, between AfroFem and becoming.
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Hunt, Andrew. "Matthew Higgs interviewed by Andrew Hunt." Journal of Contemporary Painting 8, no. 1 (2023): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jcp_00039_7.
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This interview considers Matthew Higgs’s role in programming work by self-taught artists and those with developmental disabilities within the context of White Columns, a non-profit artist-run space located in Chelsea, New York City. The conversation describes the active support of work before any critical or institutional consensus emerges around it and explores how painting by self-taught artists and those with developmental disabilities can provide a productive counterpoint to self-reflexive work or art more critical of the narrative of painting as a medium. The term ‘outsider’ is also scrutinized as a useful generalization for painting that operates outside of conventional forms of education and existing foundational narratives in culture. Also discussed is the impact of exemplary historical curators and dealers in the United States and Germany who serve to act as model ‘maverick iconoclasts’.
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Moss, Anne Eakin, Niloofar Haeri, and Narges Bajoghli. "Legacies of Protest Art in Iran." Public Culture 36, no. 2 (2024): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-11158958.
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Abstract This article examines the art practice of a group of professors and students—who later came to be known as Group 57—at the Fine Arts College of the University of Tehran during the revolutionary period of 1978 to 1980. Through interviews with artists and art historical research, the authors describe the artists’ workshop where they produced posters against the Shah, the United States, and imperialism. Their posters drew on the bold colors, clear text, symbolic imagery, and easy reproducibility of international radical poster art and the early Russian revolutionary avant-garde. The authors recover these aesthetic and intellectual connections in the academic and professional training of the artists and in the art historical context of the posters themselves, examining the posters’ recent and more distant influences, and reinscribing the artists in the history of Iranian art and international art history. The authors also point toward connections between Group 57 and protest art in Iran today.
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Aubrecht, Katie. "Work of Art, Art of Work: Artistic Literacy and Quality in Long-Term Dementia Care." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.303.
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Abstract This paper shares results from a thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) of semi-structured interviews with a purposive snowball sample of 15 leaders in dementia arts education and praxis from Canada, the United States and United Kingdom. Interviews were conducted as part of a multi-phased collaborative, interdisciplinary arts-informed research project that aimed to operationalize quality mental health and dementia care in long-term care (LTC) from a relational perspective, with a focus on LTC staff literacy. Artistic literacy that is cultivated through creative arts-making and public exhibiting was described by participants as crucial to supporting and promoting quality within long-term care. Quality was imagined as a work of art and operationalized in terms of artist competencies, capacities and conditions. Artists included LTC staff, residents and their family and friends. Our analysis identified five themes related to artistic literacy: space-making, validation, fostering community, means of engagement, vulnerability and resilience. Drawing on cultural sociology (Bourdieu, 1993, 1984) and aging studies theory (Basting, 2018), we consider and discuss the role of the arts in disrupting unexamined assumptions about quality in LTC and advancing innovation in LTC staff mental health and dementia care.
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Gleason, Shayna. "It’s Late, But Everything Comes Next: Creative Aging in the Modern United States." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2965.
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Abstract The emergence of “creative aging” programs, or fine arts programs exclusively for older adults, invites analysis of these new institutions and their influence on the social elements of the aging process. While past studies have demonstrated the cognitive and health-related benefits of arts participation in old age, little research has examined how participation might influence the older person’s self-esteem or perceptions of aging. The present study draws on ethnographic methods including participant observation at eight creative aging programs, six semi-structured in-depth interviews with teaching artists leading these programs, and content analysis of paintings and vignettes made by participants. The results show the observed creative aging programs to have a unique, cyclical pattern of discourse characterized alternately by older adults’ recurring self-deprecation and the affirming responses of instructors. This pattern of interaction renders such programs sites for the contestation of negative popular discourses around aging.
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Adams, Jacqueline. "When Art Loses its Sting: The Evolution of Protest Art in Authoritarian Contexts." Sociological Perspectives 48, no. 4 (2005): 531–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2005.48.4.531.
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Change in art is an understudied topic in sociological research. This article examines protest artworks ( arpilleras) produced by shantytown women during and shortly after the dictatorship in Chile, to explore the question why political art that is for sale changes over time. This research is based on 136 semi-structured and in-depth interviews with various members of the art world in Chile, Europe, and the United States, a year's worth of participant observation of art groups in Santiago and over five hundred photographs of arpilleras, taken by the author and analyzed thematically. Political art that is for sale can change because the intermediary (the organization connecting producers and buyers) becomes less or more politically conservative, develops a precarious financial situation, grows more afraid of repression, and has the power to enforce the changes it desires; because the original buyers are replaced with new buyers with different motivations; and because new artists with new ideas begin making the art, one artist in the group produces something different and the idea spreads, artists censor themselves, and artists have new experiences or learn about new events. Through these sources of change, international social movements, local and international political and economic developments, and global institutions impact the art. Meanings attached to the art by the different parties (intermediaries, buyers, and artists) and class differences between artists and intermediaries are also important in facilitating change. These findings, based as they are on political art made in a repressive context, not only contribute to our understanding of artistic evolution but they help correct the bias in the sociology of art toward “art” made in democratic countries of the “First World.” They are not just applicable to authoritarian regimes but also to art by politicized minority groups in democratic contexts, and to other cultural products such as newspapers, magazines, documentaries, and books.
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Borggreen, Gunhild. "The Myth of the Mad Artist: Works and Writings by Kusama Yayoi." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 15 (March 10, 2001): 10–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v15i1.2126.
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Kusama Yayoi has been active as an artist for more than 50 years, and is highly acclaimed both in her native Japan and in the United States, where she spent more than a decade of her career. A large corpus of critical reviews, catalogue texts, interviews and autobiographical writings by and about Kusama has been published over the years, and this paper investigates a specific topic in these texts concerning the discourse of madness. A persistent myth of Kusama as a'mad' artist emerged in the early and mid-1980s, but has influenced the interpretations of her whole oeuvre. Based on three texts written by Kusama, this paper shows that the artist herself did not describe her artistic processes in psychopatholocial terms at the early stages of her art production. I shall argue for more accurate interpretations of Kusama's art, based on the artist's own accounts as well as trends on the contemporary internatinoal art scene.
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Vamanu, Iulian. "Indigenous Museum Curatorship in the United States and Canada: Roles and Responsibilities." Libri 70, no. 1 (2020): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/libri-2018-0155.
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AbstractIndigenous curatorship has become an increasingly visible presence in the public sphere as part of the long process of North American Native people’s efforts to regain control over the representations and uses of their cultures in Western societies. Even though scholars consider this profession fundamental to Native American struggles for sovereignty, many do not have a clear understanding of what it involves. In the context of scarce scholarship on Indigenous curatorship, this qualitative study relies on interview and textual data to articulate Indigenous curators’ understandings of their work of preserving and promoting Indigenous knowledge. It emphasizes the uniqueness of Indigenous curatorship by mapping out this profession’s specific roles and responsibilities within the broader arena of museum curatorship. The study identifies two main directions Indigenous curators take in their work, namely activism and engagement of the public. Activism consists in Indigenous curators’ efforts to critique oppressive knowledge structures, raise awareness of controversial topics of public interest related to Indigeneity, and support Native artists and tribal communities. Engagement of the public refers to Indigenous curators’ strategies of involving source communities in the design of exhibits and diverse audiences in the interpretation of exhibitions.
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Simpson Steele, Jamie. "El Sistema fundamentals in practice: An examination of one public elementary school partnership in the US." International Journal of Music Education 35, no. 3 (2016): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0255761416659514.
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El Sistema is a Venezuelan program of social change that has inspired a worldwide movement in music education. El Sistema inspires social transformation and musical excellence to occur simultaneously and symbiotically. This study examines: What does El Sistema look like within the context of a public school partnership in the United States? How do the characteristics of this context influence the realization of El Sistema principles? This qualitative case study examines one fledgling music program just two years into its partnership with a public school. The study utilizes ethnographic observations and focus group interviews with the young program participants, their parents, schoolteachers, and music teaching artists. I discuss these multiple perspectives according to the fundamentals of El Sistema: a) social change; b) community; c) access; and d) frequency. Findings indicate El Sistema values are capable of impact, but not without struggle, when allied with a public school partnership.
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Whitman, Dan. "OUTSMARTING APARTHEID: An Oral History of United States–South Africa Cultural and Educational Exchange, 1960–1999." Oral History Journal of South Africa 2, no. 2 (2015): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/11.
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Outsmarting Apartheid is an oral history of educational and cultural exchange programs conducted by the United States Government with citizens of South Africa during the apartheid period. The “OA” collection, published in one volume by the University Press of the State University of New York in April of 2014, conveys the stories of those who administered the programs, as well as those who benefitted, during three troubled decades of South African history. The exchanges involved some 2-3000 participants during a dark period of social unrest and institutionalized injustices. Quietly in the background, U.S. diplomats and their South African colleagues bent rules and stretched limits imposed by the apartheid regime. Collectively they played cat-and-mouse games to outsmart the regime through conniving and bravado. The author’s year as executive director of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training (Arlington, Virginia), 2006-07, provided a methodology and archiving structure forming the basis of the interviews, conducted over a two-year period in the United States and South Africa. There was little optimism at the time for South Africa’s political or social future during the 1960-1990 period. After Nelson Mandela’s release from prison in 1990 and during his presidency of 1995-99, the country discovered rich cadres from within, of intellectuals, artists, journalists, scientists, and political leaders prepared to take on the task of constructing the New South Africa. In no small measure, these exchange programs contributed to the quick and sudden realization of suppressed wishes and aspirations for a majority of South Africa’s citizens -- of all ethnic and racial backgrounds.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Artists – united states – interviews"
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Frenneaux, Richard. "Platform Disruption and the New Music Industry: The Influence of the Co-Creative, Networked Digital Age on Music Artists." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/414587.
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My experiences as an artist, writer and producer in the music industry have raised an important question: What does it mean to promote, create and distribute music in an industry undergoing substantial change due to the emergence of a participatory, networked digital culture? Over the past decade, my relationship with my audience has been reframed many times through changing online platforms, audience expectations regarding content, access and participation, and the ubiquity of personalisation. This study seeks to understand the effect of digital participatory culture on the artist and on the creative process by tracking a crucial evolutionary moment, a progression of music production and dissemination. Today, artists must adapt to a constantly evolving market, where networked music and social media channels influence frequent shifts in consumption patterns. Understanding the competencies of successful artists in the new music industry requires an understanding of how digital culture has influenced the exchange between artist, label and audience today, as well as how participatory exchange has influenced the exchange between artist, label and audience. Entrepreneurial, autonomous methods that engage consumers directly are becoming more popular. While there has been a great deal of published work examining the impact of participatory exchange on the consumer and the music industry (e.g. Choi & Burnes, 2013; Negus, 2015; Wikström, 2014), there is very little published work regarding the impact on the creator, particularly the increasing impact of participatory exchange and the competencies expected of artists working in the ‘new’ music industry. Given the extent and pace of change, and the volume of emerging platforms that attempt to harness the potential for participatory exchange, it is timely to undertake a study of the impact of recent developments on the music creator. To gain a comprehensive perspective on these effects, a broad representative sample of industry workers was interviewed. The research undertaken as part of this thesis is unique in that it is one of the first ethnographic inquiries into competencies, co-creation and practices in the new music industry from the perspective of the artist. The opinions expressed by the interviewees provide meaningful insights into the mechanics of working artists today, the impact of platformisation on the music industry and their ever-changing relationship with industry and audience. Twenty-five participants were interviewed using an ethnographic method in key areas of the music industry, including artist management in the United Kingdom and the United States, independent and signed artists, publishers and record label employees. Due to travel limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, these interviews were undertaken remotely via Zoom. The objective was to gain a better understanding of the skills that artists have acquired to succeed in the digital era, as well as what it means to be an artist in today’s music industry.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Queensland Conservatorium<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Shihadeh, Sheren Iskandar. "Social and Cultural Integration Process Among Syrian Refugees in the United States." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/425.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the cultural and social integration process among Syrian refugees in the United States, and to what extent the direct and indirect challenges have played a role in the process of their social and cultural integration. The challenges include, but are not limited to, cultural conflicts, religious values, stereotypes, and English language proficiency. In order to investigate my research questions, interviews as a research methodology were used as a theoretical framework for this project to collect and analyze data. I conducted semi-structured interviews with ten Syrian refugees who currently live in the United States. These interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed in full in both Arabic and English by me. My data analysis investigated what the interviewees indicated about their processes of social and cultural integration in the United States’ society as refugees. Specific extracts were chosen because they served as rich materials to analyze and provide answers to questions in this paper.
Findings indicated that Syrian refugees needed to overcome significant personal, social, linguistic, and psychological barriers and challenges in order to integrate socially and culturally in the United States’ society. Results showed that participants in this study adopted various “acculturation strategies”. Only three out of ten were socially and culturally integrated. However, acculturation strategies adopted by participants are dynamic and changeable overtime, so further longitudinal study is needed to examine their integration processes over a longer time.
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Robson, Anne Deirdre. "The market for modern art in New York in the nineteen forties and nineteen fifties a structural and historical survey /." Thesis, Online version, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.324692.
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Case, Emerson D. "An ethnographic study of international students' transition from an intensive English program to mainstream university courses." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1177983.
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The ethnographic study reported in this dissertation examines the articulation process of six informants, three undergraduate and three graduate students, as they made the transition from an intensive English program into mainstream university courses at a medium-sized Midwestern university.The research attempted to determine what needs students had as they made this transition, looking at several factors, including variables in the background of informants, differences in the experiences between undergraduate and graduate students, variables in the environment encountered, actions on the part of informants that helped or hindered in making the transition, actions on the part of instructors that helped or hindered in making the transition, and finally, areas in which the intensive English program could make improvements.The primary means of data gathering for this study was through informant interviews, all of which were tape-recorded, with pertinent sections later being transcribed. The questions asked during these interviews ranged from relatively closed-ended questions from prepared interview schedules to more open-ended, individualized questions based on previous responses. Interviews were first conducted while informants were still studying at the Intensive English Program. Subsequent interviews were held at three to four week intervals during the semester in which informants first began their mainstream university courses.<br>Department of English
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DeVoss, Joyce Ann. "Reactions of children to interviews using anatomically correct dolls." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184288.
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This study tested an underlying assumption of professionals who interview young children with anatomically correct dolls: children who have been sexually abused react differently to interviews with the dolls than children who have not been sexually abused. The behavior of a group of children who were referred to a mental health clinic in the southwestern United States because of suspected sexual abuse was compared to the behavior of a group of children referred to the same clinic for other reasons while the children were interviewed by clinicians using anatomically correct dolls. The study examined four categories of behavior which consisted of indicators of child sexual abuse from the literature. The four categories were: (1) sexual behavior; (2) anger/aggression; (3) anxiety/regression; and (4) avoidant behavior. Clinicians at the mental health clinic identified potential subjects for the study from the outpatient population. Parents were given written and verbal descriptions of the study and asked to contact the researcher if they were interested in allowing their child to participate. The voluntary nature of participation in the study was stressed. Eleven children who were referred because of suspected sexual abuse and eleven children referred for other reasons were successfully recruited. Groups were matched as closely as possible as to sex, age, racial/ethnic group and developmental level. Two dependent measures were employed: the Behavioral Checklist and the Likelihood of Victimization Scale. Both instruments were designed for the research study. The Behavioral Checklist was completed by two observers who watched each interview from behind a one-way mirror. The Likelihood of Victimization Scale was completed by the clinicians who interviewed the children. Observers as well as interviewers were blind to the referral status of the children. Statistically significant differences were obtained for two of the four categories of the Behavioral Checklist. The same two categories correlated significantly with the Likelihood of Victimization Scale. The results provided support for the assumption tested.
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Airey, Linda. "The development of elementary science teaching skills : as seen in the triangulation of stages of concern, teacher portfolios, and levels of use of the innovation interviews." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/955852.
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Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to document the three-year journey of 16 effective teachers in an elementary science, inservice project in order to gain understanding of factors which influence the development of investigative science teaching skills and commitment. The need for this study arises from the paucity of elementary teachers able to teach science in a fashion advocated by national science groups, and from the difficulty of bringing about lasting, widespread changes in science teaching. A triangulation was accomplished by examining Stages of Concern statements, teacher portfolios, and Levels of Use of the Innovation interviews.The findings underline the length of time and the intensity of involvement associated with full acceptance of investigative science teaching by this sample of teachers. There was a progression in Stages of Concern from self, to management of the science setting, to student effects, to helping other teachers.Analysis of "best selection" portfolios by trained raters, using analytic/holistic rubrics, showed that by the end of the second year the teachers were proficient in their ability to: guide students in the use of process skills to investigate concepts; conduct student assessments; design age-appropriate lessons; allow time for concept understanding; and, uncover, rather than "cover," topics. In spite of this proficiency, the teachers continued to have concerns about management and student achievement with each new unit.By the end of year two, teachers were still teaching some units exactly as presented in the workshop, but many teachers were also starting to make modifications which, for some, led to integration across disciplines. It was not until the end of the second year that 56 percent of the teachers expressed the need to share their expertise. And, it was not until the end of the third year that 43 percent of the teachers were most concerned about sharing with other teachers. Coincidentally, the Levels of Use of the Innovation interview at this time revealed that teachers were involved in a variety of strategies for helping colleagues improve their science teaching. The interviews also identified the solidification of social/professional relationships that evolved during the project.<br>Department of Biology
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Stout, Margaret C. "The U.S. Navy Submarine Hydrodynamics/Hydroacoustic community : a case study in strategic planning for a decentralized, multi-organizational, military community /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FStout.pdf.
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Aldoyhi, Mohammed Hussein Adullah. "Children's drawings in Saudi Arabia: a comparative study between the drawings of Saudi children who have lived in the United States and Saudi children who have never resided outside Saudi Arabia /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487856076414369.
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Lee, Donggeol. "Culture shock : video interview project." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371470.
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This project is for Rinker Center for International Programs at Ball State University to provide useful information to international and American students. The project consists of ten video interviews with the director of Rinker Center for International Programs and nine international students presenting Ghana, France, Germany, Mexico, Brazil, Japan, China, Taiwan, and Turkey. Each interviewee provides cultural differences between American culture and their cultures. In addition, the interviewees tell their personal solutions for coping with cultural difficulties based on their experiences in the United States or different cultures. The director was given three questions and the nine international students were asked ten questions.Each video interview is categorized under country menus and question menus designed with Adobe Macromedia Flash 8 to be navigated by clicking each menu button on a computer.<br>Department of Telecommunications
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McEwin, Florence Rebecca. "American women artists and the female nude image (1969-1983)." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23638110.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--North Texas State University, 1986.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 367-404).
Books on the topic "Artists – united states – interviews"
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Whittaker, Richard. The conversations: Interviews with sixteen contemporary artists. Whale and Star Press, 2007.
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1976-, Rothkopf Scott, Whitney Museum of American Art, and Los Angeles County Museum of Art, eds. Yourself in the world: Selected writings and interviews. Yale University Press, 2011.
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Simon, Pettet, ed. Conversations with Rudy Burckhardt about everything. Vehicle Editions, 1987.
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Quinn, Latimer, Szymczyk Adam, and Kunsthalle Basel, eds. Paul Sietsema: Interviews on films and works. Sternberg Press, 2012.
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Federico, Fellini, and Meglin Nick, eds. Humorous illustration: The top artists of our time talk about their work. Watson-Guptill Publications, 2008.
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Fiona, Bradley, Golden Thelma, Fruitmarket Gallery, and Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen (Rotterdam, Netherlands), eds. Trenton Doyle Hancock: The wayward thinker. Fruitmarket Gallery, 2007.
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Institute, Singapore Tyler Print, ed. Trenton Doyle Hancock: A day ahead a head a day, 31 July - 4 September 2010. Singapore Tyler Print Institute, 2010.
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Hand, Nick. Conversations on the Hudson: An Englishman bicycles five hundred miles through the Hudson Valley, meeting artists and craftspeople along the way. Princeton Architectural Press, 2014.
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Susan, Sollins, and Sollins Marybeth, eds. Art 21: Art in the twenty-first century 4. Abrams, 2007.
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Kristine, Bell, Lulay Greg, Whitney Alexandra, and David Zwirner (Gallery), eds. Al Taylor: Rim jobs and sideffects. Steidl David Zwirner, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Artists – united states – interviews"
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Rueschemeyer, Marilyn. "Changing Countries: Russian Artists in the United States." In Art and the State. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230507920_6.
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Kaur, Harleen, and Sachin M. Bhagavan. "How Do I Ace Interviews?" In International Medical Graduate and the United States Medical Residency Application. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31045-5_20.
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Kaur, Harleen. "Tips About the Travel Preparation for Interviews." In International Medical Graduate and the United States Medical Residency Application. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31045-5_19.
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Al-Kuwari, Shaikha H. "Arab Americans’ Cultural Beliefs of Diabetes." In Arab Americans in the United States. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7417-7_5.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses the results from the participant observation and semi-structured and structured interviews. It outlines the first stage of building the cultural beliefs model of diabetes. This chapter answers the following questions from the Arab American point of view: (a) What are the causes of diabetes; (b) what are the symptoms of diabetes; and (c) what are the treatments of diabetes? In addition, this chapter will include issues related to who is susceptible to diabetes? the fear of having diabetes, the severity of diabetes, the experience of fasting in Ramadan with diabetes, the role of family in providing care, diabetes health-seeking behaviors, and diabetes healthcare access.
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Al-Kuwari, Shaikha H. "Research Setting and Design." In Arab Americans in the United States. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7417-7_4.
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AbstractThis chapter is dedicated to the research setting, which is Dearborn, MI. It explains why Dearborn is an ideal place to build the Arab American cultural model of diabetes. This chapter will take the reader on a journey that will make them experience life in Dearborn and how it looks from the people there to its streets and houses. This chapter argues that Dearborn is not like any other place in the Middle East; it is a unique city, where a combination of Middle Eastern countries is represented in the same place. In addition, this chapter discusses the data collection process and how the Arab American cultural beliefs model of diabetes was built. It includes two stages of data collection, where the data were collected in the first stage using participant observations as well as semi-structured and structured interviews and a cultural consensus survey was used in the second stage. The chapter also includes details related to the sampling techniques and data analysis tools.
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Kaur, Harleen. "I Am Done with My Interviews, What Should I Do Now?" In International Medical Graduate and the United States Medical Residency Application. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31045-5_21.
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Digala, Lakshmi P. "How Many Interviews Do I Need to Be Safe? Is It Same for Prelim and Advanced Programs?" In International Medical Graduate and the United States Medical Residency Application. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31045-5_17.
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Saulītis, Andris, and Inta Mieriņa. "Latvian Emigrants in the United States: Different Waves, Different Identities?" In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12092-4_10.
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Abstract This chapter studies the relationships and interaction among the Latvian emigrants from different migration waves in the United States. It specifically examines reasons for the inability of the existing and politically and culturally active Latvian diaspora community in the United States to integrate newcomers from Latvia. The diaspora community is formed mostly of migrants who left Latvia after World War II. The research is based on a mix of two sources of information and methods – qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with the ‘new’ Latvian emigrants in the United States in 2014, who began arriving there in 1991 and quantitative data analysis of The Emigrant Communities of Latvia survey. The study illustrates that the migrants from the most recent emigration wave distance themselves to a large extent from the previous migration wave. Additionally, the most recent migrants do not have strong social ties or active networks with Latvians back home and, therefore, cannot be considered as being a part of a transnational community, which is a characteristic of the previous Latvian migration wave. Instead, the migrants from the most recent wave base their belonging on the notion of having roots in Europe in terms of cultural heritage and identity. For this reason, they are to be considered as so-called ‘nomadic’ migrants, although this differs substantially from the way the concept is used in the academic literature so far – there is no return point back home, as they only look forward.
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Altiok, Huzeyfe. "Kuwait’s Mediation in the Gulf Crisis: Dynamics of Kuwait’s Foreign Policy Approaches." In Gulf Studies. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7796-1_35.
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AbstractThis study examines Kuwaiti mediation in the 2017 Gulf crisis from the perspective of the disputants—mainly Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar—and the mediator—Kuwait. While using qualitative research method such as interviews with the scholars, and discourse analyses, this chapter provides an overview of the Kuwaiti mediation in the Gulf crisis and reconstructs the role of small states in International Relations.
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Hassan, Noor Hasharina. "The Sociocultural Significance of Homeownership in Brunei Darussalam." In (Re)presenting Brunei Darussalam. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6059-8_11.
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AbstractHouses matter to Bruneians. However, there are varying values and meanings attached to a house depending on spatial and cultural differences, which influence people’s urgency to become homeowners. Governance, consumption patterns and sociocultural institutions shape how consumers value housing and influence their desire to become homeowners. This chapter suggests that Brunei Darussalam’s housing development and culture are unique compared to societies that have undergone significant financial liberalisation such as Britain and the United States. Financial liberalisation or financialisation involve governments reducing their restrictions on financial institutions and the financial markets. Based on qualitative research that involved 210 structured interviews, six in-depth interviews and secondary data, this study identifies the variables that influence the culture of homeownership in Brunei.
Conference papers on the topic "Artists – united states – interviews"
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Glazer, Sharon, Nina Hamedani, Kristina Kayton, and Amy Weinberg. "Culture Research Landscape Throughout the United States Department of Defense." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/ojek1854.
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This contribution delineates the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) regional expertise and culture (REC) research landscape from 2005 through 2011, including major research efforts and topics of study, key contributors and publications, collaborative practices, and future research opportunities. Through interviews and survey responses, subject matter experts (SMEs) in REC research noted the need for better REC research coordination, more social science expertise and personnel, and greater collaborative practices. Key contributors to REC research across the DoD are located at AFCLC, ARI, ARL, AFRL, CAOCL, NAWCTSD, TRADOC, and the HSCB Modeling program. Opportunities for future research include: (1) Validation studies for 3C requirements; (2) Validation studies of REC training and education programs; (3) Role of technology in culture training; (4) Mitigating Cognitive Dissonance: Crossing the Culture Divide; (5) Navigating Culture During a High Stakes Mission; (6) Team cohesion in a multinational context.
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Frémontier-Murphy, Camille. "At the Sources of an Artistic Mutation towards Science: the First Years of the Journal Leonardo (1968-1981) as a Forum for the Pioneers of Digital Art." In 28th International Symposium on Electronic Art. Ecole des arts decoratifs - PSL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69564/isea2023-8-short-fremontier-murphy-artistic-mutation-towards-science.
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SHORT PAPER. The journal Leonardo was founded in 1968 by Frank Malina, a pioneer of light art in Paris and of aerospace science in the United States. Leonardo encouraged artists to publish their work in the manner of scientists. It was a new initiative developed in the revolutionary context of the 1960s and that allowed artists, scientists, psychologists to exchange on the subjects of art, perceptions, science, society... Many pioneers of digital art took part in the adventure, including Vera Molnar, Zdenek Sykora, Charles Csuri, and the artist-novelist Herbert Franke, who became the advocate of the theories and the protagonists of digital art spread out over the four corners of the planet, just about everywhere a computer could be found. The growing group was defending a more conceptual approach to art, closer to the spectator, a new form of art rooted in Constructivism and that was in symbiosis with society’s mutation towards technology.
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Steinar Saetre, Alf, Jan Oddvar Soernes, Larry D. Browning, and Keri Stephens. "Organizational Members’ Enactment of Organizational Environments and Media Use: A Study of ICT Practices in Norway and the United States." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2694.
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This paper uses the concept of scripts to couple Weick’s notion of enactment and Langer’s theory of mindfulness/mindlessness with empirical data on the use of ICTs in organizations. Our research is based on 72 in-depth interviews of advanced ICT users in the United States and in Norway. The findings: (1) show that the notion of clear-cut boundaries between an organization and its “environment” is problematic, and illustrate how organizational members indeed enact—or co-create—the environments of their organizations; (2) validate the assertion that mindfulness is required for media richness theory to be predictive; and (3) illustrate how organizational members construct the richness of one media through the use of other media. This study not only enriches our understanding of Weick’s theories but also has important implications for organizational practice since it expands media richness and social-information-processing theories.
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Sornes, Jan-Oddvar, Keri Stephens, Larry Browning, and Alf Steinar Saetre. "A Reflexive Model of ICT Practices in Organizations." In InSITE 2005: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2897.
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This paper reports a study of information and communication technology (ICT) use in Norway and the United States. Forty-two depth interviews completed in both countries provide the data source. Using grounded theory as a research method, and Adaptive Structuration Theory as our conceptual base, we analyze these interviews to generate an empirical model of ICT use. The 1490 incidents identified in our analysis are first reduced to 49 categories. These categories are further reduced to four: satisficing, communication channels, communication structure, and environmental agents. These four categories comprise the major parts of the reflexive model. The findings suggest that the parts of the model are interdependent and mutually causal in that individuals consider and even reconsider the use of multiple communication channels within and between tasks. As a conclusion we address future research including, credibility and time issues in ICT use.
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Soernes, Jan-Oddvar, Keri Stephens, Alf Steinar Saetre, and Larry Browning. "Leveling Differences and Reinforcing Similarities: The Interaction between Information and Communication Technologies and National Culture." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2696.
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This study compares how workers in Norway and the United States use Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Our data—72 in-depth interviews of advanced ICT users - was coded and analyzed using a grounded-theory methodology. As our organizing structure of comparing the two countries, we use Hofstede’s four-dimensional framework of national culture. Our results show that ICTs have a homogenizing effect on cultural differences—but also a reinforcing effect on existing similarities. We hypothesize possible explanations for these findings, including tracing them to our focus on an expert-user subculture and external triggering events.
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Grover, Micki, Carlye A. Lauff, Chiratidzo Ndhlovu, and Natasha C. Wright. "Design Interviews Conducted by Intra- and Intercultural Teams: A Case Study on Dialysis in Zimbabwe." In ASME 2023 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2023-116953.
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Abstract In global development engineering, semi-structured, direct-dialogue interviews are often recommended in order to generate a deep understanding of stakeholders’ needs and to create products that meet those needs. In this study, interviews were used to explore the existing dialysis treatment program for end-stage kidney disease in Zimbabwe. This study has two aims: (i) to understand the dialysis service model and limits to its expansion, and (ii) to examine the impact of the cultural background of the interviewing team on interview outcomes. Virtual training on exploratory interviewing was developed and administered to 12 undergraduate students living in the United States, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Six teams, each having either an intercultural or intracultural composition conducted field interviews (n = 18) with Zimbabwean dialysis professionals to better understand the existing service model associated with hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment modalities. Interviews were coded in NVivo to develop an overall service model map including relevant people, props, and processes. Key limitations to expanding PD programs include: lack of clean water sources, no in-country dialysate production, insufficient financial resources, limited nursing staff, and difficulty in tracking medical information during home-based treatment, among others. The service model map was additionally used to quantify the number of codes uncovered in individual interviews. Intercultural pairs produced a higher proportion of top scoring interviews than did the intracultural pairs. The small sample size, however, results in only an early indication of potentially replicable findings. The work represents a potential methodology for further research in this space.
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Hancock, Liane. "Action Plan: A Survey of Patenting and Commercializing Building Science Research within Design Programs." In 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.3.
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This paper aggregates and analyzes data from interviews of architecture faculty across the United States who have filed patents for products, processes, and software. It discusses trends in how faculty collaborate, including to what extent students at both the undergraduate and graduate level are named as co-inventors. Analysis of the interviews reveals levels at which universities provide both financial support and training during patent filing, prototyping/testing, customer discovery, and commercialization. It also traces the types of funding and training that faculty seek, from internal university support to federal agency support, to the help that regional business incubators provide. The paper discusses the role interviewees feel that teaching can have in valuing Intellectual Property (IP), and how the structure of the tenure process can hinder the protection of IP. Finally, the paper discusses the interviewees’ thoughts on how to grow a disciplinary culture that fosters both faculty and student IP creation tied to commercialization in order to significantly enhance and impact the build environment.
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Conteh, Foday Junior. "A Holistic Insight Into the Privacy & Security of Cloud-Based Computing Approach on Healthcare Information Management Systems in the United States – A Grounded Theory Approach." In 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2024.140101.
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Cloud computing (CC) represents a significant technological advancement in the United States (U.S.) healthcare. Despite its advantages like reduced costs, scalability, resource sharing, and high availability, CC raises concerns, especially in privacy and security. This study employs Grounded Theory methodology to delve into these concerns within cloudbased Healthcare Information Management Systems (HIMS) in the U.S., which operates under stringent patient privacy and security laws. The research focuses on healthcare organizations' strategies to mitigate these challenges. In-depth interviews and document analysis, conducted using a qualitative research strategy, will gather data from healthcare professionals and Information Technology (I.T.) specialists interacting with cloud-based HIMS. Through thematic analysis and constant comparison, the research will construct a theoretical framework showcasing CC's impact on HIMS privacy and security. This framework will establish a basis for subsequent research to improve U.S. healthcare delivery by directing organizations to adopt and implement cloud-based HIMS compliant with U.S. data privacy regulations.
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Rocha, J., and A. Sattineni. "Safety in the maritime construction site: Capturing lessons learned." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.57.
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The aim of this research is to examine the safety culture of the United States Army Corps of Engineers staff and contractors working on marine construction projects including dredging, beach nourishment, breakwaters, and jetties. A literature review was performed to understand existing issues and to develop a research methodology for the study. Qualitative data research was used to uncover significant themes and help gain a deeper understanding of safety related issues. Twelve construction professions were interviewed using semi-structured interview format. The data was analysed using thematic analysis techniques with an inductive approach to draw conclusions. The results were used to conclude that issues causing safety accidents in the maritime construction sector can be broadly attributed to unforeseen conditions, training, complacency, lack of support of safety and crew unpreparedness. Data from the interviews also indicates ways to improve maritime construction can be broadly categorised under training, improved communication, improved preparation and organisational support for safety.
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Polanco Jr, Alexis, and Tsailu Liu. "Uncovering an Inclusion Gap in the Design of Digital Assessments for Middle school-aged Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students in the United States." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003329.
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What does a score on a digital assessment mean? At its core, a score is a measurement of how a student matches up to a predefined construct. For example, a reading assessment may measure the construct of a student’s reading fluency, comprehension, or both. This research seeks to challenge the legitimacy of digital assessment from the lens of Accessibility, User Experience (UX), Inclusive Design, and Marginalized Populations by focusing on the needs of the deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) middle school-aged student in the United States.DHH learners are among the least understood groups. Neither the US Census nor public schools recognize American Sign Language (ASL) as a non-English language used at home. For the sake of discussion, this research references a study by Goman from 2016 which estimates that 14.3% of all Americans aged 12 and older have some form of hearing loss, and a study from the U.S. National Center of Educational Statistics which estimated students with hearing impairment between ages 3-21 at 1% of all students. These statistics are especially concerning when juxtaposed with how assessments are created. Two of the top educational companies in U.S. use a process called “pretesting” to determine the statistical relevance of the questions used in their assessments. This process involves trialing assessment items with a sample group similar to the population to be assessed. As assessments are increasingly delivered digitally, they overlap with other disciplines like UX Design. In UX, it is well documented that testing with five people finds most problems. If we assume that pretesting uses a similar sample size, it is a reasonable assumption that many items would not be trialed with DHH students, i.e. this marginalized group isn’t populous enough to be accounted for in a statistically relevant pretesting sample.To provide legitimacy to this claim, this research used structured interviews with subject-matter experts (SMEs) in usability, accessibility, child-computer interaction, and DHH education. The responses provided by these SMEs lent credence to the idea that DHH learners were often not included in digital assessment design either due to being sampled out, a lack of accessibility awareness, and/or the absence of inclusive design guidelines for DHH students. For example, one interviewed Director at a prominent deaf institution said, “In terms of my field, there isn’t some tangible set of design principles that apply in [my] specific area. These things are developing as we go.”This is especially concerning when scores for deaf learners have wide implications in terms of public funding for school districts at the macro level, and self-worth issues at the individual level; especially when it is oft-cited that 80% of age-14 DHH students on average place below a grade-4 reading level. For these reasons, the goal of this research is to empower designers, developers, managers, and researchers with a repeatable framework for inspiring cross-disciplinary collaboration to create fair and equitable digital assessment designs. It is about meeting the full spectrum of need for every individual student—starting with the DHH student’s needs.
Reports on the topic "Artists – united states – interviews"
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Kuncz, Adina, Michael Castellano, and Wei Zhang. Biodiversity and resilience interventions: Analysis of interviews with farmers in the United States. International Food Policy Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136454.
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Schulte, Jillian, Megan Schmidt-Sane, Elizabeth Benninger, Tabitha Hrynick, and Santiago Ripoll. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Minoritised Youth in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. SSHAP, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.009.
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Despite progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates overall in Cleveland, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minoritised communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. Despite being over-represented in COVID-19 case counts and fatalities, Black residents were under-represented in COVID-19 vaccination during the first year and half of the pandemic. In Ohio, while roughly 60% of Cuyahoga County residents are fully vaccinated, just 45% of Cleveland residents are fully vaccinated. Lower-income, majority Black, east side neighbourhoods have markedly lower vaccination rates compared to higher-income, mostly white neighbourhoods. Young people ages 16-40 became eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine on March 29th, 2021, and individuals aged 12 and above were able to get vaccinated from May 2021 onward. However, large disparities exist based age, race, and zip code. This brief illustrates underlying reasons shaping COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among minority (especially Black and Latinx) youth (ages 12-18) and offers key considerations for how young people can be better engaged within Cleveland, Ohio. This brief is based on research, including in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 61 young people across 16 neighbourhoods through a Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) approach in Cleveland to contextualise youth perspectives of COVID-19 vaccination and highlight areas of hesitancy and confidence. In this brief, we share findings from the study and key considerations for addressing youth ‘vaccine hesitancy’ around the COVID-19 vaccine are presented. This brief was authored by Jillian Schulte (Case Western Reserve University), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), Elizabeth Benninger (Cleveland State University), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), and Santiago Ripoll (IDS), and includes contributions from Elizabeth Davies (Cleveland State University), Diane Mastnardo, Brenda Pryor (MyCom), Brinda Athreya (Case Western Reserve University), Ivis Maldonado (MyCom) and reviews from Elizabeth Storer (LSE) and Annie Wilkinson (IDS). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: USA and UK fund (CRUSA210022). Research was based at the Institute of Development Studies. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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McFee, Erin, Connor Christensen, and Luke Magyar. Afghan Allies Out of War: Addressing the Needs of the Afghan Special Forces Community and their Families in the United States. Trust After Betrayal, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59498/34295.
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This policy paper examines the challenges faced by ex-Afghan National Army Special Operations Command (ANASOC) soldiers who resettled in the U.S. after the withdrawal from Afghanistan. The research, based on interviews and surveys with 36 veterans, reveals leadership dynamics, evacuation disparities, family reunification struggles, language barriers, and psychosocial challenges. The recommendations include designating ANASOC veterans for Special Immigrant Visas, streamlining family reunification, facilitating military service pathways, providing language and education support, and establishing comprehensive psychosocial frameworks. These measures not only honor their sacrifices but also enhance national security, reinforce partnerships, and contribute to the American workforce.
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Candrilli, Sean D., and Samantha Kurosky. The Response to and Cost of Meningococcal Disease Outbreaks in University Campus Settings: A Case Study in Oregon, United States. RTI Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.rr.0034.1910.
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Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a contagious bacterial infection that can occur sporadically in healthy individuals. Symptoms are typically similar to other common diseases, which can result in delayed diagnosis and treatment until patients are critically ill. In the United States, IMD outbreaks are rare and unpredictable. During an outbreak, rapidly marshalling the personnel and monetary resources to respond is paramount to controlling disease spread. If a community lacks necessary resources for a quick and efficient outbreak response, the resulting economic cost can be overwhelming. We developed a conceptual framework of activities implemented by universities, health departments, and community partners when responding to university-based IMD outbreaks. Next, cost data collected from public sources and interviews were applied to the conceptual framework to estimate the economic cost, both direct and indirect, of a university-based IMD outbreak. We used data from two recent university outbreaks in Oregon as case studies. Findings indicate a university-based IMD outbreak response relies on coordination between health care providers/insurers, university staff, media, government, and volunteers, along with many other community members. The estimated economic cost was $12.3 million, inclusive of the cost of vaccines ($7.35 million). Much of the total cost was attributable to wrongful death and indirect costs (e.g., productivity loss resulting from death). Understanding the breadth of activities and the economic cost of such a response may inform budgeting for future outbreak preparedness and development of alternative strategies to prevent and/or control IMD.
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Schuster, Christian. When the Victor Cannot Claim the Spoils: Institutional Incentives for Professionalizing Patronage States. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011729.
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Merit-based selection of bureaucrats is central to state capacity building, yet rare in developing countries. Most executives instead favor patronage -political discretion- in public employment. This paper proposes and tests an original theory to explain when executives forsake patronage for merit. The theory exploits exogenous variation in the institutional design of patronage states. In some, constitutions and budget laws monopolize patronage powers in the executive; in others, patronage benefits accrue to the legislature and public employees. When institutions fragment patronage powers and challengers control other government branches, merit becomes more incentive-compatible: it enables executives to deprive challengers of patronage while enhancing public goods provision to court electoral support. Drawing on 130 face-to-face elite interviews, a comparison of reforms in Paraguay, the Dominican Republic and the United States validates the theory. How patronage states are institutionally designed thus shapes their reform prospects: fragmented control over bad government can incentivize good government reforms.
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Baker, Michael. DTRS56-02-D-70036-16 Mechanical Damage. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011844.
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This report reviews and summarizes the current state of knowledge and practice related to mechanical damage in natural gas and hazardous liquid steel pipelines, with a particular focus on transmission pipelines. Comprehensive voluntary interviews were conducted with 10 pipeline operators who represent a diverse cross-section of industry professionals in the United States, Canada, and Europe. The interviews, which focused on operator practices for detection, characterization, and mitigation of mechanical damage on both gas and liquid transmission and gas distribution pipelines (the latter examined for comparison purposes), provided an invaluable source of data for the development of this report. Operator practices associated with the prevention of mechanical damage primarily resulting from excavation damage were also extensively covered in the interviews. The inquiry primarily included pipelines that comprise transmission systems, but gas distribution companies also reported on their experience with distribution systems consisting of both steel and plastic pipe, the latter reviewed for a comprehensive discussion of the operator's damage prevention programs and issues. Pipeline geographic locations included remote and rugged terrain, rural areas, and constrained urban environments.
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Dong, Hongwei. Smart Transportation in Small- and Medium-sized Cities in Central California. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2221.
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The research on smart transportation in the United States has centered on large metropolitan areas. The adoption of smart transportation technologies in small-and medium-sized cities outside of large metropolitan areas is less studied and understood. This study examined the adoption of smart transportation technologies in small-and medium-sized cities in Central California. The analysis was based on the online survey responses from 29 transportation officials and professionals who worked for 18 municipal government departments and six metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) in Central California as well as in depth semi-structured interviews with seven of them. The study showed that smart transportation in small-and medium-sized cities was mainly car-centric. Slightly more than half of the survey respondents were either unsure or suspicious about the usefulness of smart transportation technologies in addressing local transportation problems. The study revealed several barriers to the adoption of smart transportation technologies in small- and medium-sized cities including insufficient funding, limited staff capacity, a lack of coordination among small cities within a region, small population sizes, and low-density of development. The interviews suggested that some of these barriers, particularly the funding issue, were more complicated than they first appeared. We offer four major policy recommendations based on the findings from this study.
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Mason, Dyana, and Miranda Menard. The Impact of Ride Hail Services on the Accessibility of Nonprofit Services. Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.260.
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Nonprofit organizations are responsible for providing a significant level of human services across the United States, often in collaboration with government agencies. In this work, they address some of the most pressing social issues in society – including homelessness, poverty, health care and education. While many of these organizations consider location and accessibility crucial to supporting their clients – often locating services near bus or train stops, for example – little is known about the impact of new technologies, including ride hail services like Lyft and Uber, on nonprofit accessibility. These technologies, which are re-shaping transportation in both urban and suburban communities, are expected to dramatically shift how people move around and the accessibility of services they seek. This exploratory qualitative study, making use of interviews with nonprofit executives and nonprofit clients, is among the first of its kind to measure the impact of ride hail services and other emerging technologies on community mobility and accessibility.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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Lehe, Lewis, Sairpaneeth Devunuri, Javier Rondan, and Ayush Pandey. Taxation of Ride-hailing. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-040.
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This report is a guide to the practice of taxing ride-hailing at the state and local levels in the United States. The information is based on a survey of legislation, news articles, journal articles, revenue data, and interviews. We first review the literature and provide a history of ride-hailing and the practice of ride-hailing. We then profile all ride-hailing taxes in the United States, classifying these taxes according to common attributes and pointing out what details of legislation or history distinguishes each tax. One important distinction is between ad valorem taxes, levied as a percentage of fare or revenues, and “per-ride” taxes levied as a flat charge per ride. Another distinction is the differential treatment of shared and single rides. We provide extensive references to laws and ordinances as well as propose a system to classify the state legal environments under which ride-hailing is taxed. States fall into five regimes: (1) a “hands-off” regime wherein local governments are permitted wide leeway; (2) a “tax-free” regime wherein local taxes are prohibited and the state does not impose a tax; (3) a “state-tax-only” regime wherein local taxes are prohibited but the state levies taxes for its own use; (4) a “revenue-sharing” regime wherein the state levies taxes and distributes them to local governments; and (5) a “local-option” regime wherein local governments can opt into participating in a tax system regulated by the state. We make nine recommendations for Illinois policymakers considering taxes on ride-hailing, with the most important being that the state pass legislation clarifying and regulating the rights of local governments to levy such taxes.