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1

Frenneaux, Richard. "Platform Disruption and the New Music Industry: The Influence of the Co-Creative, Networked Digital Age on Music Artists." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/414587.

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My experiences as an artist, writer and producer in the music industry have raised an important question: What does it mean to promote, create and distribute music in an industry undergoing substantial change due to the emergence of a participatory, networked digital culture? Over the past decade, my relationship with my audience has been reframed many times through changing online platforms, audience expectations regarding content, access and participation, and the ubiquity of personalisation. This study seeks to understand the effect of digital participatory culture on the artist and on the creative process by tracking a crucial evolutionary moment, a progression of music production and dissemination. Today, artists must adapt to a constantly evolving market, where networked music and social media channels influence frequent shifts in consumption patterns. Understanding the competencies of successful artists in the new music industry requires an understanding of how digital culture has influenced the exchange between artist, label and audience today, as well as how participatory exchange has influenced the exchange between artist, label and audience. Entrepreneurial, autonomous methods that engage consumers directly are becoming more popular. While there has been a great deal of published work examining the impact of participatory exchange on the consumer and the music industry (e.g. Choi & Burnes, 2013; Negus, 2015; Wikström, 2014), there is very little published work regarding the impact on the creator, particularly the increasing impact of participatory exchange and the competencies expected of artists working in the ‘new’ music industry. Given the extent and pace of change, and the volume of emerging platforms that attempt to harness the potential for participatory exchange, it is timely to undertake a study of the impact of recent developments on the music creator. To gain a comprehensive perspective on these effects, a broad representative sample of industry workers was interviewed. The research undertaken as part of this thesis is unique in that it is one of the first ethnographic inquiries into competencies, co-creation and practices in the new music industry from the perspective of the artist. The opinions expressed by the interviewees provide meaningful insights into the mechanics of working artists today, the impact of platformisation on the music industry and their ever-changing relationship with industry and audience. Twenty-five participants were interviewed using an ethnographic method in key areas of the music industry, including artist management in the United Kingdom and the United States, independent and signed artists, publishers and record label employees. Due to travel limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, these interviews were undertaken remotely via Zoom. The objective was to gain a better understanding of the skills that artists have acquired to succeed in the digital era, as well as what it means to be an artist in today’s music industry.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Queensland Conservatorium<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Shihadeh, Sheren Iskandar. "Social and Cultural Integration Process Among Syrian Refugees in the United States." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/425.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the cultural and social integration process among Syrian refugees in the United States, and to what extent the direct and indirect challenges have played a role in the process of their social and cultural integration. The challenges include, but are not limited to, cultural conflicts, religious values, stereotypes, and English language proficiency. In order to investigate my research questions, interviews as a research methodology were used as a theoretical framework for this project to collect and analyze data. I conducted semi-structured interviews with ten Syrian refugees who currently live in the United States. These interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed in full in both Arabic and English by me. My data analysis investigated what the interviewees indicated about their processes of social and cultural integration in the United States’ society as refugees. Specific extracts were chosen because they served as rich materials to analyze and provide answers to questions in this paper. Findings indicated that Syrian refugees needed to overcome significant personal, social, linguistic, and psychological barriers and challenges in order to integrate socially and culturally in the United States’ society. Results showed that participants in this study adopted various “acculturation strategies”. Only three out of ten were socially and culturally integrated. However, acculturation strategies adopted by participants are dynamic and changeable overtime, so further longitudinal study is needed to examine their integration processes over a longer time.
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Robson, Anne Deirdre. "The market for modern art in New York in the nineteen forties and nineteen fifties a structural and historical survey /." Thesis, Online version, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.324692.

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4

Case, Emerson D. "An ethnographic study of international students' transition from an intensive English program to mainstream university courses." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1177983.

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The ethnographic study reported in this dissertation examines the articulation process of six informants, three undergraduate and three graduate students, as they made the transition from an intensive English program into mainstream university courses at a medium-sized Midwestern university.The research attempted to determine what needs students had as they made this transition, looking at several factors, including variables in the background of informants, differences in the experiences between undergraduate and graduate students, variables in the environment encountered, actions on the part of informants that helped or hindered in making the transition, actions on the part of instructors that helped or hindered in making the transition, and finally, areas in which the intensive English program could make improvements.The primary means of data gathering for this study was through informant interviews, all of which were tape-recorded, with pertinent sections later being transcribed. The questions asked during these interviews ranged from relatively closed-ended questions from prepared interview schedules to more open-ended, individualized questions based on previous responses. Interviews were first conducted while informants were still studying at the Intensive English Program. Subsequent interviews were held at three to four week intervals during the semester in which informants first began their mainstream university courses.<br>Department of English
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5

DeVoss, Joyce Ann. "Reactions of children to interviews using anatomically correct dolls." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184288.

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This study tested an underlying assumption of professionals who interview young children with anatomically correct dolls: children who have been sexually abused react differently to interviews with the dolls than children who have not been sexually abused. The behavior of a group of children who were referred to a mental health clinic in the southwestern United States because of suspected sexual abuse was compared to the behavior of a group of children referred to the same clinic for other reasons while the children were interviewed by clinicians using anatomically correct dolls. The study examined four categories of behavior which consisted of indicators of child sexual abuse from the literature. The four categories were: (1) sexual behavior; (2) anger/aggression; (3) anxiety/regression; and (4) avoidant behavior. Clinicians at the mental health clinic identified potential subjects for the study from the outpatient population. Parents were given written and verbal descriptions of the study and asked to contact the researcher if they were interested in allowing their child to participate. The voluntary nature of participation in the study was stressed. Eleven children who were referred because of suspected sexual abuse and eleven children referred for other reasons were successfully recruited. Groups were matched as closely as possible as to sex, age, racial/ethnic group and developmental level. Two dependent measures were employed: the Behavioral Checklist and the Likelihood of Victimization Scale. Both instruments were designed for the research study. The Behavioral Checklist was completed by two observers who watched each interview from behind a one-way mirror. The Likelihood of Victimization Scale was completed by the clinicians who interviewed the children. Observers as well as interviewers were blind to the referral status of the children. Statistically significant differences were obtained for two of the four categories of the Behavioral Checklist. The same two categories correlated significantly with the Likelihood of Victimization Scale. The results provided support for the assumption tested.
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6

Airey, Linda. "The development of elementary science teaching skills : as seen in the triangulation of stages of concern, teacher portfolios, and levels of use of the innovation interviews." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/955852.

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Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to document the three-year journey of 16 effective teachers in an elementary science, inservice project in order to gain understanding of factors which influence the development of investigative science teaching skills and commitment. The need for this study arises from the paucity of elementary teachers able to teach science in a fashion advocated by national science groups, and from the difficulty of bringing about lasting, widespread changes in science teaching. A triangulation was accomplished by examining Stages of Concern statements, teacher portfolios, and Levels of Use of the Innovation interviews.The findings underline the length of time and the intensity of involvement associated with full acceptance of investigative science teaching by this sample of teachers. There was a progression in Stages of Concern from self, to management of the science setting, to student effects, to helping other teachers.Analysis of "best selection" portfolios by trained raters, using analytic/holistic rubrics, showed that by the end of the second year the teachers were proficient in their ability to: guide students in the use of process skills to investigate concepts; conduct student assessments; design age-appropriate lessons; allow time for concept understanding; and, uncover, rather than "cover," topics. In spite of this proficiency, the teachers continued to have concerns about management and student achievement with each new unit.By the end of year two, teachers were still teaching some units exactly as presented in the workshop, but many teachers were also starting to make modifications which, for some, led to integration across disciplines. It was not until the end of the second year that 56 percent of the teachers expressed the need to share their expertise. And, it was not until the end of the third year that 43 percent of the teachers were most concerned about sharing with other teachers. Coincidentally, the Levels of Use of the Innovation interview at this time revealed that teachers were involved in a variety of strategies for helping colleagues improve their science teaching. The interviews also identified the solidification of social/professional relationships that evolved during the project.<br>Department of Biology
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Stout, Margaret C. "The U.S. Navy Submarine Hydrodynamics/Hydroacoustic community : a case study in strategic planning for a decentralized, multi-organizational, military community /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FStout.pdf.

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Aldoyhi, Mohammed Hussein Adullah. "Children's drawings in Saudi Arabia: a comparative study between the drawings of Saudi children who have lived in the United States and Saudi children who have never resided outside Saudi Arabia /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487856076414369.

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9

Lee, Donggeol. "Culture shock : video interview project." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371470.

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This project is for Rinker Center for International Programs at Ball State University to provide useful information to international and American students. The project consists of ten video interviews with the director of Rinker Center for International Programs and nine international students presenting Ghana, France, Germany, Mexico, Brazil, Japan, China, Taiwan, and Turkey. Each interviewee provides cultural differences between American culture and their cultures. In addition, the interviewees tell their personal solutions for coping with cultural difficulties based on their experiences in the United States or different cultures. The director was given three questions and the nine international students were asked ten questions.Each video interview is categorized under country menus and question menus designed with Adobe Macromedia Flash 8 to be navigated by clicking each menu button on a computer.<br>Department of Telecommunications
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McEwin, Florence Rebecca. "American women artists and the female nude image (1969-1983)." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23638110.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--North Texas State University, 1986.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 367-404).
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Guy, Todd W. "Compositional process of Rene Clausen as demonstrated in selected choral works." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1118236.

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The purpose of this study was to document the compositional process of the American composer, Rene Clausen (b. 1953). The writer conducted three days of interviews with Dr. Clausen to discuss his compositional process in selected choral works. The discussion included Clausen's "creative impetus," and "compositional approach" to the elements of text, harmony, rhythm, melody and texture.The writer examined Clausen's thirty-three published choral works. Three works representative of his choral output were selected: "All That Hath Life and Breath Praise Ye the Lord" (1981); "0 Vos Omnes" (1986); and "Whispers of Heavenly Death" (1993). These works were selected upon the composer's recommendation as pieces which are representative of his choral style.Clausen's "creative impetus," his musical influences and motivation, form what he terms "deep background." This material, some learned, but most absorbed through various musical experiences and influences, is placed into a "big bin" from which Clausen draws when making compositional decisions.The text is the genesis of Clausen's process. When selecting texts, Clausen looks for ones that will evoke certain colors, nuances, or images.Clausen's second step is to absorb the meaning of that text. During this important absorption process Clausen develops an idea of what the character of the piece will be.The third step is the emergent process: generating thoughts about thematic material, intermittent ideas, textures, and transitional material which will be presented. Clausen manipulates the elements of harmony, rhythm, melody and texture to express the forms and images present in the text.An examination of Clausen's compositional approach to the following elements was conducted: HarmonyClausen's approach is extended diatonicism with traditional harmonic movement leading toward goal oriented harmony.RhythmClausen uses a variety of rhythmic approaches to express the text: mixed and asymmetrical meter, free unmeasured rhythm, and dove-tailing sections rhythm and metered music. MelodyClausen's approach is based upon the parameters within which he is writing and on the imagery present in the text. TextureClausen's approach is based on two aspects: the level of difficulty or level for which the piece is written and the images expressed in the text.<br>School of Music
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12

Franklin, Serena. "Ill beats : black women rap artists and the representations of women in hip hop culture." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/336.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Arts and Sciences<br>Anthropology
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13

Cross, Rhonda Kay. "Walter MacEwen: A forgotten episode in American art." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9854/.

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Despite having produced an impressive body of work and having been well-received in his lifetime, the career of nineteenth-century American expatriate artist Walter MacEwen has received virtually no scholarly attention. Assimilating primary-source materials, this thesis provides the first serious examination of MacEwen's life and career, thereby providing insight into a forgotten episode in American art.
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14

Wartberg, Lynn Cowles. "“'They was Things Past the Tellin’: A Reconsideration of Sexuality and Memory in the Ex-Slave Narratives of the Federal Writers’ Project"." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1575.

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In 1936, Federal Writers’ Project (FWP) employees began interviewing formerly enslaved men and women, allowing them to speak publicly of their experiences under slavery. Defying racism and the repressions of Jim Crow, ex-slaves discussed intimate details of their lives. Many researchers considered these interviews unreliable, but if viewed through the lens of gender and analyzed using recent scholarship on slavery and sexuality, FWP interviews offer new insights into the lives of enslaved men and women. Using a small number of ex-slave interviews, most of them drawn from Louisiana, this thesis demonstrates the value of these oral histories for understanding the sexual lives of enslaved men and women. These interviews expose what we would otherwise have little access to: the centrality of struggles over enslaved people’s sexuality and reproduction to the experience of enslavement and the long-term effects of these struggles on the attitudes of slavery’s survivors.
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Pope, Kailyn. "Upending the "Racial Death-Wish": Black Gay Liberation and the Culture of Black Homophobia." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2319.

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This thesis analyzes the origin and impact of Black homophobia found in activist spaces of mid- to late-twentieth-century American society. Black gay Americans were subjected to intersecting forms of systemic and cultural oppression that were exceedingly hard to escape due to both the homophobia in Black spaces and the racism in gay spaces. Black gay activists and artists thus had to create their own avenues of expression where they and others could fully embrace what it meant to be Black and gay. This work utilizes a Black feminist framework to explore the roots of Black homophobia and how this type of bigotry was able to so deeply infiltrate Black activist spaces like the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Panther Party. Black homophobia originated as a response to White supremacist domination of the Black body, and was able to spread through the community for generations through paths such as hypermasculinity, the Black church, and misogynoir. The experiences and voices of Black gay activists and artists are at the forefront of this work in an effort to shine a light on a group often overlooked by Black history and LGBTQ history alike. This thesis works to fill in one of the many gaps present in the historiography pertaining to Black gay life in America, though more contributions can and should be made in order to shift the field away from its historic focus on the White gay male. An investigation of Black gay exclusion from Black and gay activist spaces offers valuable insight into how Black gay activists and artists persevered and cultivated their own spheres of inclusion within a society that fundamentally opposed virtually every part of their identities.
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Lechler, Ron. "The Best Medicine." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801938/.

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The Best Medicine is an animated documentary that explores the true stories behind the live performances of stand-up comedians. The film juxtaposes live stand-up performances with candid interview footage combined with animation and illustration. Three subjects– Michael Burd, Casey Stoddard, and Jacob Kubon– discuss alcoholism, childhood abuse, and sexual anxiety, respectively. Their candid, intimate interviews reveal personal information, creating a new context with which to understand live stand-up comedy performance. This illustrates themes of finding humor in dark or painful circumstances and the cathartic nature writing and performance.
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Tsukayama, John K. "By any means necessary : an interpretive phenomenological analysis study of post 9/11 American abusive violence in Iraq." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4510.

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This study examines the phenomenon of abusive violence (AV) in the context of the American Post-9/11 Counter-terrorism and Counter-insurgency campaigns. Previous research into atrocities by states and their agents has largely come from examinations of totalitarian regimes with well-developed torture and assassination institutions. The mechanisms influencing willingness to do harm have been examined in experimental studies of obedience to authority and the influences of deindividuation, dehumanization, context and system. This study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to examine the lived experience of AV reported by fourteen American military and intelligence veterans. Participants were AV observers, objectors, or abusers. Subjects described why AV appeared sensible at the time, how methods of violence were selected, and what sense they made of their experiences after the fact. Accounts revealed the roles that frustration, fear, anger and mission pressure played to prompt acts of AV that ranged from the petty to heinous. Much of the AV was tied to a shift in mission view from macro strategic aims of CT and COIN to individual and small group survival. Routine hazing punishment soldiers received involving forced exercise and stress positions made similar acts inflicted on detainees unrecognizable as abusive. Overt and implied permissiveness from military superiors enabled AV extending to torture, and extra-judicial killings. Attempting to overcome feelings of vulnerability, powerlessness and rage, subjects enacted communal punishment through indiscriminate beatings and shooting. Participants committed AV to amuse themselves and humiliate their enemies; some killed detainees to force confessions from others, conceal misdeeds, and avoid routine paperwork. Participants realized that AV practices were unnecessary, counter-productive, and self-damaging. Several reduced or halted their AV as a result. The lived experience of AV left most respondents feeling guilt, shame, and inadequacy, whether they committed abuse or failed to stop it.
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Fischer, Candice. "Psychoanalysts' understanding of therapeutic success : interviews with 5 experienced psychoanalysts." 2005. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2422.

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Zaszlavik, Katalin. "Portraits of adolescent artists from Hungary and the United States /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3250353.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: A, page: 0441. Adviser: Christine M. Thompson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-206) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Handel-Bajema, Ramona. "Art Across Borders: Japanese Artists in the United States, 1895-1955." Thesis, 2012. https://doi.org/10.7916/D87S7VTW.

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From the 1880s to the early 1920s, hundreds of artists left Japan for the United States. The length of their stays varied from several months to several decades. Some had studied art in Tokyo, but others became interested in art after working in California. Some became successful in the American art world, some in the Japanese art world, and some in both. They used oil paints on canvas, sumi ink on silk, and Leica cameras. They created images of Buddhist deities, labor protests, farmers harvesting rice, cabaret dancers, and the K.K.K. They saw themselves and were seen by others as Japanese nationals, but whether what they created should be called Japanese art proved a difficult and personal question, The case of Japanese artists in the United States during the first half of the twentieth century demonstrates that there is a national art - a Japanese art and an American art - but that the category is not fixed. A painting can be classified in the 1910s as Japanese, but the same painting can be included in a show of American art a few decades later. An artist can proclaim himself to be American, but can then be exhibited as a Japanese artist after his death. National constructions of art and artists serve the art market's purpose of selling a work. Categories set along national lines also reinforce the state's projection of a distinct, homogeneous culture to the international community. For non-Western artists, assigning themselves with a national aesthetic allows for easy identification. But for modern Japanese artists like Kuniyoshi Yasuo, Ishigaki Eitarô, and Shimizu Toshi and others, national categories often posed barriers to creativity and to their success in the art world. Shimizu Toshi was awarded for painting a night scene of Yokohama, but his award was rescinded because he was Japanese. Savvy artists like Yoshida Hiroshi and Obata Chiura worked within national aesthetic categories to better market his work. Kuniyoshi Yasuo remained enigmatic, willing to fall into any category that a critic or dealer might determine they should be cast in, while Ishigaki Eitarô associated himself with international leftist politics that precluded notions of Japanese art. Exploring their histories brings several themes to the fore. First, any attempt to use a single, or hyphenated, national category to describe them or their art is problematic and misleading. An artist's "Japaneseness" was not a fixed characteristic: at different points in his career, he might be classified as a Japanese, American, or even a proletarian artist. Artists could sometimes choose to align themselves with one national culture or eschew both, but the denizens of the art world - critics, museum and gallery curators, schools, and other artists - as well as the public nearly always ascribed a national, or at best hybrid, aesthetic character to their work. During the 1910s and 1920s, when Japanese art had fallen out of fashion and modernism was the vanguard, Japanese artists were freer to transcend the preconceptions of what had become by then conventionally defined as a "Japanese aesthetic," which was based in good part on the works of Japanaiserie of earlier years. Artists of many nationalities strove to be "modern" by consciously rejecting "tradition," which for Japanese artists meant the styles and techniques of traditional Japanese painting. Many of the artists from Japan who wanted to make modern art had little practice in traditional art in any case, since they had received their artistic training in the United States. Indeed, it was their American mentors who taught them what Japanese art was supposed to look like. Modern art did not just set itself against the artistic conventions of the past; it also sought to comment on, and intervene in, the rapidly changing ways of modern life. Japanese artists in New York and Los Angeles joined their colleagues in turning to city streets and everyday life for their subjects, rather than reflecting on a safely imagined past. Portraying the streets they walked, in the techniques they learned in American art schools, came more naturally to them than making a woodblock print of a geisha strolling in a Kyoto garden. They used oils to paint flappers they saw on Fourteenth Street, but had no experience with woodblock printing, geisha, or the gardens of Kyoto.
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Tumlin, Geoffrey Roger. "Communicating negative feedback in performance appraisal interviews: an experimental study." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2011.

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Latz, Amanda O. "Understanding the educational lives of community college students through photovoice." 2011. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1637946.

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Rivera-Servera, Ramón H. 1973. "Grassroots globalization, queer sexualities, and the performance of Latinidad." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/12590.

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Walcott, Nicole C. "The nuclear industry : exploring crisis communications and media relations through in-depth interviews and content analysis." 2011. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1644454.

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This study presents an overview of crisis communications and media relations in the U.S. nuclear industry. Literature suggests that there is a need for evaluating the current practice of crisis communications and media relations for the industry through research. Understanding if practitioners are equipped for effective crisis communications and media relations in the event of a crisis, provides useful benchmarks for future evaluation, as the way in which organizations communicate to stakeholder publics and the media will change given the recent complexities and innovations within technology. Without academic literature in this area, it allows for the continued practice of ineffective strategies regarding crisis communications and media relations within the highly technical nuclear industry. With the use of in-depth interviews of nuclear communication professionals and a content analysis of media coverage and online newsrooms, this study will seek to provide research findings for best practices in media relations during a crisis event and reveal some of the current communication strategies that are used by the nuclear industry communication practitioners.<br>Department of Journalism
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Martinez, Yolanda Tellez. "Recordando memoria : shaping Chicana identity." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30508.

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This research explored the self-concept of Chicanas in terms of their lived experiences and how those experiences influenced the shaping of their identity. It examined the multiple labels Chicanas use to self-identify and the context or situations in which they use specific labels. Moreover, it took into account the influence of gender, ethnicity, language, race, and culture on their concept of self. My study employed interpretive and collaborative research methods and included my own narrative story as part of the analytical process. It draws on a Chicana femenista (feminist) pedagogy that is heavily influenced by an Indigenous perspective as the conduit for the construction and transmission of knowledge. My objectives during the course of the study were to explore the many facets of Chicanas' experiences and challenge prevailing notions about our identity. The chief method for collecting data was interactive, dialogic interviews with five Chicana participants. During the loosely structured interviews, the women were asked to narrate their life stories as they related to the shaping of their concept of self. The women's detailed narratives and personal reminiscences as well as my own provided the data that was analyzed and interpreted to examine Chicana identity. The women were co-participants in "making sense" of the data. They provided guidance, expressed opinions, and helped to construct the meaning of their lived experiences. The results of the interpretation process indicated that culture and the intersecting factors of gender, language, age, ethnicity, and race shaped the participants' concept of self. Hence, their identity was culturally learned and mediated via their perceptions of the world. In turn, their worldview was influenced by the aforementioned factors. The women's narratives also suggested that they used multiple identity labels and that they were contextual. Thus, identity can change or evolve over the course of one's lifespan and through one's lived experiences. As such, Chicana identity is not fixed. As Chicanas we are constructing our own identity rather than allowing it to be imposed by others. Moreover, we are extending the possibility that we continually construct our identity.<br>Graduation date: 2004
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Vuillermin, Daniel. "Biography from below : Herbert Kruckman - a forgotten man of American art." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149895.

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Biography is a genre that has been largely dedicated to 'eminent' lives, yet there is a need to re-evaluate the grounds of biographical eligibility to encompass 'forgotten' and other marginalised lives. BIOGRAPHY FROM BELOW: HERBERT KRUCKMAN -A FORGOTTEN MAN OF AMERICAN ART is a study of one such unrecognised figure, the New York-born artist, cartoonist, illustrator, teacher and author, Herbert Kruckman (1904-98). Throughout his career, Kruckman's works addressed the poverty of the Great Depression, civil rights, workers' rights, European fascism and the perils of capitalism. This is exemplified by his numerous satirical cartoons in left-wing magazines such as New Masses, the Hat Worker and controversial books such as HoI' Up Yo' Head (1936). Kruckman, as a painter, was a key contributor to 1930s American Social Expressionism, yet a reluctance to exhibit and other acts of self-sabotage, along with shifts in the postwar aesthetic and political landscapes of America, hindered his career. By incorporating traditional biography with elements of social history and art history, this thesis is an original study of Kruckman, an artist whose works spanned the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression, the Second World War, McCarthyism and the Cold War. This thesis is divided into two interrelated studies: PART ONE: BIOGRAPHY FROM BELOW and PART Two: HERBERT KRUCKMAN -A FORGOTTEN MAN OF AMERICAN ART. The first part comprises a brief study of 'biography from below', which makes the case for using biography to uncover and examine what Virginia Woolf described as 'obscure' lives. This is followed by a historical survey of the biography of the artist as subgenre, which argues that the status of the artist is intertwined with biographical recognition and representation. Part One concludes with a brief introduction to the study of the biographical historiography of the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project (WPA/FAP), which underpins the second and major part of this thesis, Kruckman's biography. The need for a biography of Kruckman is not based solely on his artistic and political contributions. In addition to using biography as a means of exposing a 'forgotten' life, it employs the genre to examine from 'below' the single largest government-sponsored art movement in American history, the WPA/FAP, providing an insight into the experience of a 'typical' New Deal artist working through America's worst financial and social crisis, the Great Depression. Given that there are very few biographical studies of New Deal artists, especially its unknown or forgotten figures, this thesis seeks to make an original contribution to American history and art history through its detailed and extensive research ofan unknown artist. Moreover, this thesis provides a threefold contribution to biography: the first in terms of the addition of a new subject into written discourse; the second in the expansion of the boundaries of biographical eligibility through the introduction a new type of subject; and the third through its demonstration of how biography can be used to examine a social, political, and artistic movement. The broad aims of this thesis are to rescue Herbert Kruckman's life from what E.P Thompson once called the"enormous condescension of posterity", and, equally importantly, to demonstrate the salience of biography as a form of historical enquiry, a lens onto a neglected moment in the social and biographical history of American art.
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Koh, Jinyoung. "Cross-Cultural Experiences, and Perceptions: A Selected Group of South Korean and Chinese Artists Who Received an MFA Degree in the United States." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-tzxc-hm51.

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This narrative-based qualitative research investigated the distinct journeys of eight cross-cultural artists (four artists from South Korea and four artists from China). Utilizing a variety of theoretical frameworks surrounding cross-cultural research, this dissertation examined current discussions on cross-cultural challenges and their implications in the field of art education. Methods of data collection focused primarily on interviews and were examined through the lens of Bandura’s (1997) self-efficacy theory. Evaluating the lived experiences of artists illuminated nuances in cross-cultural environments, specifically, how socio-cultural transitions influenced their artwork and professional lives. The findings of this research correlate with previous literature surrounding current challenges in the lives of cross-cultural students. These challenges were discussed in the context of how art educators can best confront issues that emerge in the classroom. The analysis and discussion presented in this thesis seeks to provide insights into the experiences of cross-cultural artists, while highlighting the educational implications for both artists and educators.
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Peterson, R. Elizabeth. "An oral history exploring the journey of African American doctoral recipients from 1970 to 1980." 2014. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1745382.

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The purpose of this study was to conduct an oral history of the lived experiences of nine African American doctoral recipients from 1970 to 1980, an era on the heels of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Higher Education Act of 1965, and the beginning of Affirmative Action in admission policies of Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs). This study comprised of six males and three females, who self-identified as African American and received their doctorate degree between 1970 and 1980. Eight of the nine participants’ college of origin was an HBCU, however all of the nine participants graduated with doctorates from PWIs. The data collection methods used for this qualitative study were biographical questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, which utilized semi-structured questions. The data analysis approach was coding categories that aided with sorting the data. Critical race theory (CRT) was used as the theoretical framework for this study. CRT was employed to analyze the lived experiences of these nine participants within American institutions such as K-12 schools, and colleges and universities. The findings revealed that race and racism played a role in the daily decision-making process of the participants, although it did not prevent these nine African Americans from receiving the doctorate degree. This study presented counterstories told by a group of scholars who are depicted as being on the margin of society. It is crucial that the voices of those on the margin of society are included in the history of higher education. These scholars’ stories will contribute to the gap in the literature regarding African American doctoral recipients from 1970 to 1980. This study offers a profound story of the lived experiences of nine African American doctoral recipients during a period of vast social changes in American society.<br>Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only.<br>Department of Educational Studies
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Morley, John. "The art of Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg during the 1950s and 1960s : the transition from modernism to postmodernism." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5922.

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This dissertation is intended as an investigation into the art of Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg.The aim of thisinvestigation is to assess the possibility that the art produced by Johns and Rauschenberg during the 1950s and 1960s constitutes a transition from modernism to postmodernism in the visual arts in America. This dissertation is introduced by means of a broad outline of relevent developments within the visual arts during the1950s and 1960s in America. This outline also contains explanations of modernism and postmodernism and looks at how these terms are presented throughout this text. In the outline I describe how Johns and Rauschenberg can be identified with a shift that occurred in the visual arts in America during the mid 1950s away from two prominent modes of painting within modernism, namely' action' painting, as described by Harold Rosenberg (1982:28), and Clement Greenberg's 'American-type' painting (1973:208). Both Johns and Rauschenberg actively produced art during the 1970s and 1980s the period in which postmodernism is generally regarded to have been most prominent. However, in an attempt to assess the possibility that their art is transitional from modernism to postmodernism, this investigation focuses upon a selection of artworks produced during the 1950s and 1960s. I intend to discover whether or not these works signalled a departure from modernism and if they did, at what point this occurred and what the specific nature of this departure was. These works are examined from conceptual, formal, iconographical, stylistic and technical viewpoints. Throughout this dissertation I attempt to describe how Johns and Rauschenberg anticipated and embraced various postmodem tendencies that have subsequently emerged in the arts and other related disciplines. Parallels are drawn between the artworks of Johns and Rauschenberg and the disciplines of architecture and literary theory. These parallels are drawn with the intention of aligning Johns and Rauschenberg's attitude towards making art in the 1950s and 1960s with a relatively widespread mood in literary theory, philosophy and the social sciences concerning the inability of these disciplines to deliver totalising theories and doctrines, or enduring answers to fundamental dilemmas and puzzles posed by objects of inquiry, and a growing feeling, on the contrary, that chronic provisionality, plurality of perspectives and incommensurable appearances of the objects of inquiry in competing discourses make the search for ultimate answers or even answers that can command widespread consensus a futile exercise. (Boyne and Rattansi 1990: 12).<br>Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998.
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McCloud, Janice Sue. "Gender division in American Baptist families : second and third shifts." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3774.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>The division of labor in households is an important topic in marital relationships. Families are not static; they are in a constant state of change. Employment, individual family members’ schedules, and religious beliefs can impact how couples divide household tasks. This particular study draws on in-depth interviews of four married couples from American Baptist churches to explore how couples within this type of church divide household tasks. The interviews focused on the management of second- and third-shift household tasks, as well as childcare. The purpose of obtaining this information was to see if the way American Baptist couples handle second-, third-shift duties, and childcare is more consistent with general population couples or more consistent with Evangelical/Conservative couples. Husbands and wives were interviewed separately to obtain individual thoughts and opinions. The interviews revealed that when it comes to second-shift tasks and child care, American Baptist couples are more in line with general population couples. As far as third-shift duties, Evangelical, general population, and American Baptist couples are all currently handling in very similar ways with the female performing the majority of third-shift tasks.
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Murphy-Nugen, Amy. "From Homeownership to Foreclosure: Exploring the Meanings Homeowners Associate with the Lived Experience of Foreclosure." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6280.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>This study is an interpretative phenomenological analysis that explored the meanings homeowners associated with their lived experience of foreclosure. In the wake of the 2006 housing crash and 2008 Great Recession, questions have been posed about the continued efficacy of homeownership as an asset-based strategy. In addition, the conversation has been dominated by traditional economic and business interests. Discussions about housing policy and foreclosure response have marginalized the voice of vulnerable populations. The literature on housing policy reflects a positivist perspective that privileges analysis of unit production, economic costs and benefits. Secondary attention is given to exploring housing and foreclosure from a critical and constructivist standpoint. Consequently, this study intentionally engaged people who have experienced foreclosure. Depth and meaning were uncovered through interpretative phenomenological analysis. A purposive sample of five homeowners who experienced foreclosure was identified. The five homeowners participated in semi-structured interview. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using the six-step process articulated for interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). IPA combines three philosophical foundations—phenomenology, hermeneutics, and idiography—to approach qualitative and experiential research. The findings of this study discovered that foreclosure represents disconnection for the participants. Specifically, due to experiencing foreclosure, participants felt separated from their self-identity, from housing finance literacy, from their relationship with their mortgage lender and servicers, from the benefits of homeownership and from self-sufficiency due to their social service-based, helping-based, and/or low-wage employment. Study findings both affirm and challenge relevant theoretical frameworks. In addition, this research underscores the need for social work education to address financial literacy. Further, social work practitioners should be prepared to either provide or refer consumers to home-buyer education and training. Social workers should also challenge exploitative consumer practices and offer empowering alternatives in their place. Lastly, this research offers strategies and practices to strengthen housing policy and foreclosure response for the benefit of consumers.
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Hale, Robyn Kathleen. "The lived experiences of Indian nurses working in the United States : perceptions and attitudes towards nurse-physician collaboration." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5097.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Nurse-physician collaboration has received much attention over the past decade in the USA. The release of three reports from the Institute of Medicine implicated poor communication and collaboration among nurses and physicians as a major contributing factor to the incidence of sentinel events and medical errors. Despite the growing awareness of the imperative related to collaboration between nurses and physicians to ensure patient safety, the problem of poor nurse-physician collaboration remains endemic throughout the country. Indian nurses, along with many other internationally educated nurses, comprise 12-15.2% of the nursing workforce in the USA. Little is known about how Indian nurses culture potentially influences their ability to effectively collaborate with physicians to ensure patient safety. The purpose of this study is to understand Indian nurses’ attitudes and perceptions about nurse-physician collaboration. Hermeneutic interpretive phenomenology as influenced by the work of Martin Heidegger guided this study through the use of interviews via Skype. The overall experience of the Indian nurses was of one experiencing a dramatic positive change in nurse-physician collaboration in the USA as compared to India. Four themes emerged describing this phenomenon: Respect/feeling heard, Being Trusted, Assurance of Accountability, and Finding Freedom. Indian nurses practicing in the USA find a freedom that empowers them to collaborate with physicians for patient safety. They, as all nurses may, benefit from continuing educational opportunities that demonstrate ways to collaborate more fully.
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Otey, Tamara Dochelle. "The perception of African American faith-based organizations regarding African Americans with HIV." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6592.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Shelby County has the fastest growing rate of HIV infection in the State of Tennessee and the majority of the people with HIV/AIDS are African Americans. 2011 CDC report stated Memphis had the fifth highest proportion of new HIV infections. The African American church is a natural and potentially powerful venue to facilitate health awareness. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the views of African American faith-based leaders (FBLs) toward offering HIV prevention services in faith-based organizations (FBOs). The theoretical framework for this study was the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The fourth domain of CFIR, characteristics of the individuals, is concerned with organizational change which occurs on the individual level. CFIR provided a means to ensure effective implementations, data coding and analysis. Interpretative Descriptive (ID) design, which seeks to discover associations, relationships, and patterns within the described phenomenon, was used. The targeted population was African American Faith-based Leaders from areas known to have high rates of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Purposeful sampling was employed to recruit participants. Data was generated through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. The researchers categorized and analyzed the data to form the concepts and themes identified using a coding scheme which was applied to all data. Faith-based leaders revealed that they had a role in HIV prevention. The themes that emerged were their role to provide education on HIV, minister with compassion, teach Biblical doctrine, maintain a community focus, and partner with expert healthcare professionals. Perceived barrier concepts identified were lack of knowledge, denial, stigma, fear, keeping issues private, and the breakdown of family and community values. Findings suggest that FBLs had some knowledge of the health disparities and ongoing stigma concerning HIV remains a major barrier. The participants interviewed were open to HIV preventions on different levels to address HIV but needed more education.
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Bell, Lisa Jo. "Acceptance or denial : interracial couples’ experiences in public spaces." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/9804.

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Logan, Angela R. "The Dilemmas of Bringing Your Culture With You: The Career Advancement Challenges of African-American Women Foundation Executives." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6461.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Grounded in leadership, cultural, communication, and gender studies, this dissertation investigates the challenges African-American women executives in the philanthropic foundation sector faced as they strive to have their culture legitimated within the culture of the workplace. Through the use of case study methodology, I examined the experiences of participants by conducting oral history interviews that traced their critical path to leadership. I also incorporated my own experiences in the field to further explore the connections between race, gender, and leadership styles in philanthropic organizations. The interviews and my own auto-ethnographic research explored the possible consequences of black executive women in the foundation world not being able to share aspects of their cultural lives in workplace networks and the impact of the critical exclusion of who they really are as whole human beings on the quality of their careers. An analysis of data collected from the interviews revealed key factors critical to the success of study participants. First was the presence of familial or close adults actively engaged in philanthropic activity during the participants’ formative years. Second was a strong influence of a faith tradition. Additionally, the date revealed that participants’ involvement in outside leadership roles, often tied to their racial and gender identities, were not capitalized on by employers. This study achieved several key outcomes. First, it afforded participants an opportunity to develop the personal satisfaction of expanding the body of knowledge related to leadership development within the philanthropic foundation sector. Additionally, by sharing their stories, these individuals were able to develop or strengthen mentorship relationships. Lastly, this study has the potential of being of significant benefit to the greater philanthropic foundation sector, since it worked towards the expansion of the body of knowledge specific to the issues of gender and cultural differences within the foundation sector.
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Horton, Janell M. "Exploring the cultural experiences of family case managers : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4034.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>This study explored the lived experiences of family case managers who routinely work with families who are culturally different from themselves. The purpose was to understand and interpret the meaning of culture and cultural difference as it relates to the engagement process with families. The research also sought to understand whether cultural insensitivity or bias may contribute to the overrepresentation of children of color in the child welfare system. The author conducted 10 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with graduates of a large, research-intensive Midwestern university’s Title-IV-E Social Work Program, who also were employed as family case managers in public child welfare. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and the analytic process of the hermeneutic circle. Results suggest the concept of culture is a complex term that encompasses many characteristics and a number of dimensions. In addition, four themes were identified as underlying the engagement process with culturally different families. These themes routinely overlapped, and family case managers often had to attend to each of the thematic areas simultaneously. At nearly every step in the engagement process, family case managers modulated their interactions in order to find balance and stability in their relationship with the family. Finally, poverty was revealed to be the most salient cultural difference in working with families involved in the child welfare system. These results have important implications for social work education, child welfare practice, and research on the overrepresentation of children of color in the child welfare system.
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Holloway, Marilyn June. "Romancing the vernacular : Sammy Cahn and the enactment of request." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21897.

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The lyrics of Sammy Cahn played a dominant role in shaping the Golden Age of American light music. He remains the most successful lyricist in cinema history, in terms of Academy Awards and Nominations, yet he has received little acclaim for his achievements. This thesis explores the diverse constituents of his creative genius, focusing on his ability to “romance the vernacular”, and write “bespoke” material on request. The argument follows a chronological path, tracing the major influences on Cahn’s life: vaudeville and musical theatre, the growth of the film industry, and the collaborators and performers who helped him achieve a level of mastery that he sustained for nearly fifty years. Particular emphasis is placed on his relationship with Frank Sinatra, on both a personal and professional level. Cahn had an acute awareness of the human condition and his ability to convey a range of emotions to match mood and moment displayed consummate craft and intellect, with a self-confidence that bordered on bravado. His contemporaries in the Golden Age of popular song have received due recognition, yet little has been written about Cahn, whose appreciation of the interaction between spontaneity and creativity remains unsurpassed by fellow lyricists. He had an intuitive understanding of the vernacular and an instinctive ability to write to order. The imagistic texture of the lyrics coupled with the prosodic intonation demonstrate an intimate correlation between personality and composition which is supported by biographical content. The argument, augmented by an audio-documentary, develops systematically through a study of the lyrics, focusing on the cultural and musicological significance of Cahn’s oeuvre. The material for both the written text and the two accompanying CDs are from personal archives and the Margaret Herrick Library in Los Angeles, which is the repository for the Sammy Cahn Collection, bequeathed to that institution after the death of Cahn in 1993.<br>English Studies<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (English)
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Vandenberg, Sophie, Robert Sweetman, Sylvia C. Keesmaat, Lambert Zuidervaart, and Carl Veldman Rudie. "Perspective vol. 43 no. 1 (Feb 2009)." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/251200.

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Vandenberg, Sophie, Robert Sweetman, Sylvia C. Keesmaat, Lambert Zuidervaart, and Carol Veldman Rudie. "Perspective vol. 43 no. 1 (Feb 2009)." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/277689.

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40

Marks, Jennifer Lynn. "The Story of Medicine: From Paternalism to Partnership." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3202.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Physicians were interviewed and asked about their perspectives on communicating with patients, media, and the ways in which the biomedical and biopsychosocial models function in the practice of medicine. Fisher’s Narrative Paradigm was the primary critical method applied to themes that emerged from the interviews. Those emergent themes included the importance of a team approach to patient care; perspectives on physicians as bad communicators; and successful communication strategies when talking to patients. Physicians rely on nurses and other support staff, but the most important partnership is that between the physician and patient. Narrative fidelity and probability are satisfied by strategies physicians use in communicating with patients: using understandable language when talking to patients; engaging in nonverbal tactics of sitting down with patients, making eye contact with patients, and making appropriate physical contact with them in the form of a handshake or a light touch on the arm. Physicians are frustrated by media’s reporting of preliminary study results that omit details as well as media’s fostering of expectations for quick diagnostic processes and magical cures within the public. Furthermore, physicians see the biomedical and biopsychosocial models becoming increasingly interdependent in the practice of medicine, which carries the story of contemporary medicine further into the realm of partnership, revealing its humanity as well as its fading paternalism.
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Mollaun, Alicia Hayley. "US Aid to Pakistan: Nation-Building and Realist Objectives in the Post 9/11 Era." Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109277.

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The United States (US) has always used its aid program as a strategic lever in foreign policy. In the early days of aid, it was used to prosecute the Cold War. Now aid supports the United States in its effort to win the war on terror. Aid is used both to pursue short-term or “realist” objectives (e.g., to win support for US foreign policy goals) and long-term or “nation-building” ones (e.g. to strengthen governance). The trade-offs and tensions between these goals have been examined for the Cold War period (e.g., Seitz 2012), but not the post 9/11 one. This research takes a case-study approach and examines US aid to Pakistan. It is based primarily on interviews with the Pakistani and American elite collected in Pakistan between October 2011 and October 2013 and the United States in March 2012. The period of research (2011-2013) is one in which the Obama Administration tried to pivot its relationship with Pakistan away from a focus on realist objectives (principally, the war in Afghanistan) towards nation-building ends, for example, through a much larger civilian aid program to improve Pakistan’s governance and the economy. This thesis examines the success of that pivot, and argues it was limited, on three main grounds First, both groups of elite view Pakistan’s challenges are mostly nation-building in nature, and particularly related to its economy (and, in the case of the Pakistani elite, internal security needs). But both groups nevertheless perceive that the US still primarily wants cooperation on countering terrorism and in Afghanistan. Second, the leverage and goodwill that US aid provides is seen to be undermined by the pursuit of its realist objectives. Third, US aid is seen by many in the elite as targeted at the elite not the masses. Some interesting differences in views between the two groups of elite are observed. In general, more importance was attached to nation-building objectives by US respondents than by Pakistani respondents. For example, US respondents were more likely to think that the US was concerned with trying to improve Pakistani governance and was trying to influence public opinion in Pakistan, whereas Pakistani respondents viewed US aid as much less concerned with governance and more directed to the Pakistani elite. Despite these differences, which are suggestive of at least a genuine US intent to engage in nation-building, the findings of the thesis point to a failure by the Obama Administration to follow through on its nation-building objectives in Pakistan. Nation-building floundered, it is argued, because of ongoing disputes in relation to realist goals, especially in relation to the war on Afghanistan. Several published studies of US-Pakistan relations argue for a further nation-building push. In my interviews, I find considerable support for such a position in the US elite. However, I also find little sympathy for it on the Pakistani side. The Pakistani elite is concerned rather to regain equality in their relationship with the US. They see the need to put their own house in order, but have little appetite for US assistance. This calls into question the likely success of any further nation-building push on the part of the US in Pakistan. The academic contribution of this thesis is to establish the relevance of Cold War aid analysis for the post-9/11 era. The findings are consistent with much of the Cold War literature, though some nuances are provided to earlier conclusions. The policy contribution is to suggest that in cases such as Pakistan where short-term foreign policy goals are of great importance the US should put nation-building on the back-burner.
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Liu, Zhao. "Taiwanese accounts of the meaning of their national identity : a qualitative study." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3796.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>The national identity of Taiwanese people has been a topic under public debate and academic inspection since Taiwan’s democratization in the 1980s and the 1990s. In this study, I interviewed fifteen Taiwanese students studying in the United States and talked with them about their national identity. Interviews with the fifteen students reveal that an independent Taiwanese identity has taken shape, while a Chinese cultural identity still remains part of the Taiwanese identity. It was also discovered that although a Taiwanese national identity has formed, a Taiwanese ethnicity has not yet taken a complete form. Discussions with the Taiwanese students also indicate that studying in the multi-cultural United States renders them more aware of their Taiwanese national identity, as well as their Chinese cultural identity.
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