Journal articles on the topic 'Arts, Kannada'

In the former South Kanara or south coastal Karnataka region, the presence of overlapping languages, mainly Tulu and Kannada, posed prolonged dilemmas in the nineteenth century for the Basel Mission. The choice of language was important for their evangelical work, supported by important language-related activities such as dictionary making, grammar writing and translations. Since language use was intertwined with caste hierarchy, this raised issues over the position of lower castes, mainly Billavas, for the native elites and upper castes. This article argues that the prioritisation of Kannada, and relegation of Tulu to a secondary position, was an outcome not only of missionary perceptions of the larger Kannada context, but also more importantly can be traced back to elite representations regarding the subaltern Tulu culture and lifeworld. As missionary intervention in education and native language use challenged the status quo of social hierarchy among local communities, this sparked efforts by the native elites to reclaim and restore the earlier hierarchy. In the process, the native elite representations of Tulu language and culture became at the same time an effort at dismissal and appropriation.

Abstract The Karnataka African Indians (Siddis, Habshis and Cafrees), drawing on both Indian performing arts and their African heritage, use dance and street theatre for political action, entertainment, social critique and self-expression. This paper focuses on Siddi dance and theatre in Uttara Kannada (North Karnataka), South India. Karnataka Siddis number about twenty thousand (Prasad, 2005). Using dramatic aesthetics, performers portray farming, hunting, child labour, violence against women and domestic work motifs to articulate Siddi grundnorms (foundational norms). I address how some Siddi dances and street theatre parallel and yet may differ from other performing arts in South India. Further, the paper complicates the current discourse on how diasporic African communities use the performing arts. My paper goes beyond the Atlantic Diaspora model. It examines ways in which Siddis of South Asia use their dance and theatre to express multiple domains of cultural art forms alongside the everyday use of such performances including a counter-hegemonic stance.

Rustom Bharucha's Theatre of the World (Routledge, 1993), sections of which first appeared in New Theatre Quarterly, was a major intervention in the debate about the nature and ethics of interculturalism – an unfortunate side-effect being that he has, by his own wry admission, now been ‘academicized as Peter Brook's Other’, a category he finds both offensive and redundant. The following article extends his explorations by developing a careful and pertinent distinction between interculturalism and intraculturalism – a distinction derived from practice rather than theory, specifically from his experience directing an Indian production of Peer Gynt, performed in Kannada as Gundegowdana Charitre. Rustom Bharucha explores the implications of ‘translating’ such a classic text across and within cultures as well as languages – and the further paradox of this being, as for most of us, a process of transmission through English rather than Norwegian. He sums up the nature of the challenge as ‘to negotiate different selves, cultures, histories, and languages through the labyrinth of multiple Others’.

Karnataka has rich epigraphical sources. The entire edifice of Karnataka history from the 3rd century B.C. down to the end of Vijayanagara rests on epigraphical records. A volume of information concerning the political conditions, government and administration, political geography, the social structure and the life of the people, the religious faiths, economic conditions and many other topics, can be derived from a critical study of the inscriptions.The inscription under discussion is a copper plate from the village of Pejavar, Mangalore Taluka, South Kanara District, Karnataka State. The copper plate is now in the possession of K. Venkatraya Achar, Suratkal. It belongs to the period of the Vijayanagara emperor Immadi Devarāya (1424–1446 A.D.). The copper plate is in the Kannada language and script. The script seems to belong to a later period. The epigraphic department of the Government of India noticed this inscription in its annual report in the year 1967–68. Sri Venkatraya Achar, the discoverer of the inscription, made a few observations in the year 1957. This paper seeks to provide fresh information on political, religious and land transaction procedures on the basis of the contents of the copper plate.

COVID-19 pandemic has affected many areas including cinema exhibitions. Due to non-opening of cinema theatres film makers found the platform that is over-the-top (OTT). Before COVID-19 OTT was not able to compete with theatrical release. However, the pandemic situations changed the way of movie release through OTT platforms such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hot-star and others. The usage of OTT increased during the period of lockdown. According to Boston Consulting Group, subscriptions increased 60% and average watching hours increased to 14.5%. In the Kannada film industry, the well-known actor and producer Punith Rajkumar’s two films titled Law and French Biriyani were released on India's second largest OTT platform Amazon Prime during the lockdown period. In this context, this research tried to find prospects of Kannada film exhibition through OTT platform. The specific objectives are to explore the opportunities for releasing Kannada films through OTT, to study the challenges ahead in this way. The study used both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Online surveys conducted with structured questionnaires among 100 OTT users and in-depth interviews conducted among the people who are involved in film making from Kannada film industry to answer the research questions. This study would help filmmakers who are intended to release their film through OOT in future.

Background: The coronavirus is a large group of virus, which spread rapidly as an epidemic in china and was named initially as 2019 novel corona virus and subsequently named as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by World Health Organization (WHO). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a dramatic loss of human life globally and manifests a variety of clinical symptoms varying from fever, cough, headache, myalgias, nausea, vomiting to more severe pneumonia, ARDS, septic shock and multiorgan failure. SARS-CoV-2, primarily affect respiratory system but COVID-19 patients also have varying levels of liver injuries or liver dysfunction. This retrospective study was designed to analyze the clinical features, liver function and duration of hospital stay with confirmed cases of covid-19 in a tertiary care centre.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Isolation ward, Level -2 Covid Hospital, Government Medical College, Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh (India), from April to June 2021. A detailed history and examination was carried out as per the pre-designed proforma. The liver function test included alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin. Patients were considered with abnormal LFTs when any value of these tests was higher than upper limit of normal.Results: One hundred and ten patients with covid-19 were enrolled during the study period. There were 74 males (67.2%) and 36 (32.7%) females. The mean age of study population was 49.07±12.05 years. In present study, the mean value of serum bilirubin, SGPT, SGOT and ALP were 0.85±0.47 mg/dl, 74.6±66.9 IU/L, 48.45±36.86 IU/L and 229.25±69.79 IU/L, respectively. In present study, the abnormal liver function was seen in 67.2 % cases with COVID-19 patients. The mean duration of hospital stay among normal LFT and abnormal LFT patients group were 13.33±2.12 and 17.10±2.07 days, respectively.Conclusions: The present study highlighted that abnormal liver function was observed in 67.2% cases with COVID-19 patients. Further research should focus on the cause of liver injury in covid 19 and on treatment and outcome.

Andrei Tarkovski (1932–1986) oli Neuvostoliiton tunnetuimpia elokuvaohjaajia ja yksi maailman arvostetuimmista taiteilijoista jo elinaikanaan. Hänen elokuvansa saivat kotimaassa ristiriitaisen vastaanoton, mutta palkittiin monilla kansainvälisillä festivaaleilla ja päästettiin länsimaiseen levitykseen. Vuonna 1974 valmistui Tarkovskin kolmas pitkä elokuva, vahvasti omaelämäkerrallinen Peili (Zerkalo).Peili hämmensi aikalaisyleisöä. Neuvostoliitossa suuri osa elokuvayleisöstä näki etupäässä kotimaan massatuotantoa. Eurooppalaisesta elokuvasta kyllä kirjoitettiin, mutta esimerkiksi Fellinin elokuvat olivat todellisuudessa vain harvojen nähtävissä. Peili oli syntynyt Neuvostoliitossa, puolueen valvoman Goskinon huomassa. Sen olisi pitänyt edustaa neuvostoelokuvalle määriteltyjä arvoja, mutta se ei monenkaan mielestä tehnyt niin. Tämä oli ongelma niin kotimaan levityksen, kansainvälisten festivaalien kuin ulkomaille myynnin kannalta. Kun kyseessä oli Tarkovski, arvostettu tekijä, jonka elokuvista maksettiin lännessä hyvin, oli suotavaa että ideologiaongelma saatiin jotenkin ratkaistua ja elokuva levitykseen.Sodanjälkeistä eurooppalaista elokuvaa tunteneelle yleisölle Tarkovskin uudessa elokuvassa ei ollut sinänsä mitään uutta. Tarkastelen artikkelissani Peili-elokuvan vastaanottoa Suomessa ja taustoitan sitä Neuvostoliiton elokuvatuotantosysteemin Goskinon ja levitysmonopolin Sovexportfilmin toimilla liittyen elokuvalevitykseen ja Tarkovskin elokuvien myyntiin ulkomaille. Suomi näyttäytyy Tarkovskille ja taiteellisesti korkeatasoiselle neuvostoelokuvalle myötämielisenä maana, jonka valistuneella lehdistöllä ja yleisöllä on edellytykset tunnistaa laadukas elokuva.Reception of The Mirror in Finland: Andrei Tarkovsky as Figurehead of Soviet CinemaAndrei Tarkovsky (1932–1986) was one of the most famous film directors of the Soviet Union and a recognized artist all over the world. In his home country, his films gave rise to controversy. Tarkovsky’s work was acknowledged at many international festivals and his films were allowed to have international distribution. He completed his third full length feature film, The Mirror (Zerkalo) in 1974. It had a strong connection with his personal life.The Mirror was a confusing piece of work. In the Soviet Union, cinema audience mainly saw domestic mass productions. European cinema – like Fellini – was reported on the pages of cinema magazines, but it was quite seldom available for the average movie goer. The Mirror was a Soviet film, made in the arms of Goskino under surveillance of the Communist Party. It was supposed to represent the official values prescribed for Soviet cinema, but it was obvious the film actually represented something else. This was a problem with regard distribution of the film in the Soviet Union, sending it to international film festivals, and selling it to the West. Tarkovsky, on the other hand, was a famous and respected auteur, and his films were sold to West for a good price. The Western audience had seen the new European films after the WWII, so they could appreciate Tarkovsky’s style.The article discusses the reception of The Mirror in Finland, in the context of the centralized Soviet film industry Goskino and the monopoly that Sovexportfilm had over film distribution, including Tarkovsky’s films. Through contemporary sources, the 1970s Finland comes across as a country with a positive attitude towards Tarkovsky and Soviet art cinema.

Vladislavs Nastavševs is one of the leading contemporary Latvian theatre directors. Nastavševs’ stage productions are constructed by combining elements of psychological theatre, performance art and postdramatic theatre, deliberately expanding the traditional boundaries between the stage and the audience, actors and spectators. Nastavševs’ performances usually contain visually impressive stage metaphors that generate both emotional and psychophysical influence on the spectators, thus exploring new types of performance perception and blurring the boundaries between life (reality) and theatre (fiction). Vladislav Nastavševs (1978) on üks tänapäeva läti teatri juhtivaid lavastajaid, kes alustas tegevust 21. sajandi teisel aastakümnel. Ta omandas teatrialase hariduse välismaal (Peterburis Vene Riiklikus Etenduskunstide Instituudis ja Londonis St. Martin’s College of Arts and Design, Drama Centre’is). Psühholoogilise teatri, performance’i ja postdramaatilise teatri elemente ühendades on ta välja töötanud väga erilise kunstnikukäekirja. Artikkel vaatleb piiride hägustumist lava ja vaatajate vahel Nastavševsi lavastustes ja uurib, kuidas elu (tegelikkuse) ja teatri (fiktsiooni) vahelise eraldusjoone kadumine väljendub tema lavastuste diskursuses. Nastavševsi lavastajategevust võib seostada tänapäeva teatri mitme tendentsiga. Esiteks, alates 1960. aastate lõpu performatiivsest pöördest on teater nihkunud aktiivsema vaatajatega suhtlemise poole, võttes teatrit osana „tegelikust elust“ ja muutes vahe teatri kui fiktsiooni ja elu kui tegelikkuse vahel segasemaks. Vladislavs Nastavševs vaidlustab oma lavastustes pidevalt piire tegeliku elu ja kunstimaailma vahel, püüdes uurida eri võimalusi ja aspekte teatri kui illusiooni (fiktsionaalse kunstimaailma) ja tegeliku elu vahelistes suhetes. Teiseks, nüüdisaegseid teatritendentse järgides sulatab Nastavševs oma lavastustes ühte eri kunstivorme (teater, tänapäeva tsirkus, visuaalne kunst, muusika, tants, performance, jne.), kaldudes seega interdistsiplinaarse esituskeele poole. Kolmandaks, nagu paljud tänapäeva Läti ja Euroopa teatritegelased, näiteks Alvis Hermanis (Läti), Ivo van Hove (Belgia), Frank Castorf, Thomas Ostermeier (Saksamaa), Katie Mitchell (Ühendkuningriik) ja teised, seob ka Vladislavs Nastavševs oma etendustes keeruka etendusesteetika loomiseks ühte tugevad visuaalsed, füüsilised ja auditiivsed teatrimärgid. Antonin Artaud’ „julmuse teatri“ idee mõjul kalduvad Nastavševsi lavastused tekitama vaatajas füüsilisi aistinguid – kasutatud lavametafoorid on niivõrd pingsad ja mõnikord naturalistlikud, et publik ei taju etendust mitte ainult emotsionaalselt või ratsionaalselt, vaid ka psühhofüüsiliselt (näiteks võib tekkida tugevaid reaktsioone nagu hirm või vastikustunne). Vaatajate tõeline elav reaktsioon muutub enamasti Nastavševi etenduste oluliseks osaks, luues lava ja publiku vahel sideme ja hägustades teatri ning elu vahelist piiri. Neljandaks, vastavalt postdramaatilise teatri ideele, mille tõi sisse saksa teatriteadlane Hans Thies-Lehmann, kasutab Nastavševs keeruliste lavametafooride ülesehitamiseks tihti näitleja keha, luues sellega füüsilisuse esteetikat. See tähendab, et toimub nihe dramaatilistelt (tekstipõhistelt) teatrivormidelt, kus tähendust (rolli) kannab näitleja postdramaatilise märgisüsteemi poole, kus näitleja keha pole lavale toodud etenduse iseseisva elemendina. Elu ja teatri, näitlejate ja lavastaja, lava ja publiku vaheliste piiride hägustumise teema on muutunud üheks Nastavševsi lavastuste juhtmotiiviks, mida on võimalik näidata kolmest peamisest aspektist. Esimene aspekt: oma lavastustes mängib Vladislavs Nastavševs ettekavatsetult ideega elust kui teatrist ja teatrist kui elust. Kõik tema uusimad lavastused põhinevad printsiibil „teater teatris“ ehk „metateater“, kus näitlejad mängivad tegelasi, kes käituvad ka oma elus nagu näitlejad. Valides lavastamiseks vene nn hõbedase ajajärgu modernistide teoseid (näiteks Mihhail Kuzmini romaan „Rändurid merel ja maal“ – esimene osa Riia Uues Teatris (2014), teine osa Daile Teatris (2016)), kujutab lavastaja seda vene kultuuri üht kunstirohkeimat perioodi tegevuspaigana, kus teatraalsus polnud ainult kunstniku loominguline väljendusvahend, vaid ka tema elulaad. Teine aspekt: oma lavastustes käsitleb Nastavševs teatristrateegiana enesepeegeldust ise oma lavastustes kohal olles. Suurema osa lavastuste puhul on ta totaalne autor (lavastaja, lava- ja kostüümikunstnik, helilooja, koreograaf, mõnikord ka näitleja) ning näiteks „Lootuse järve“ („Cerī bu ezers“ 2015, Riia Uus Teater) puhul ka lavastuse peategelane, luues sel viisil autobiograafilise lavateose. Kolmas aspekt: ühes oma kõige silmapaistvamas lavastuses, Federico Garcia Lorca „Verepulmas“ (2016, Läti Rahvusteater), uurib Nastavševs elu ja teatri vahelisi piire, muutes tavalist ruumilist tegevuspaika. Ta asetab vaatajad lavale, kust avaneb täisvaade kogu publikualale, ja kasutab kõiki nähtaval olevaid ruumipindu saalipõrandast kuni teise rõduni. Lavaline tegevus on üles ehitatud nii täpselt, et see mõjutab vaatajaid kõikvõimalikel tasanditel nii intellektuaalselt, emotsionaalselt kui psühhofüüsiliselt, võimaldades nii hägustada lava ja publiku vahelisi piire. Artiklis mainitud suundumused lubavad asetada Vladislavs Nastavševsi lavastajatöö nüüdisaegse Euroopa teatri raamistikku.