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Books on the topic 'ARV treatment programme'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Rogers, Barb. 12 steps that can save your life: Real-life stories from people who are walking the walk. Red Wheel/Weiser, 2009.

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Affairs, Illinois Dept of Veterans'. Illinois Warrior Assistance Program: You are not alone. Dept. of Veterans' Affairs, 2011.

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3

Gavin, Norma I. Are Medicaid children receiving adequate levels of preventive care? SysteMetrics, 1994.

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4

Dregalkina, Anna, Irina Kostina, Margarita Shimova, and Olga Schneider. INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF MAXILLOFACIAL AREA. CURRENT FEATURES OF CLINICAL COURSE, PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT. TIRAZH Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/978-5-89895-940-1.

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The manual was prepared for dentists, surgeons and maxillofacial surgeons during additional professional training in the advanced training program "Selected Issues of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery" in a remote form. The manual provides up-to-date information on the prevalence, features of the clinical course, diagnosis, principles of treatment of odontogenic inflammatory diseases that are most often encountered in the practice of a dentist surgeon and maxillofacial surgeon. The manual is illustrated, contains tasks in a test form, situational tasks for self-testing by students o

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Walker, Linda. A Pilot study to investigate the use of 24 hour postural manage[m]ent programmes for children withcerebral palsy who are living in the community the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Nene College, 1995.

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6

Florida. Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability. OPPAGA information brief: More youth are admitted for less serious offenses, in part to meet treatment needs. Florida Legislature, Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability, 2003.

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7

McGuire, James. Implementing Prison-based Treatment Programs. Edited by John Wooldredge and Paula Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948154.013.24.

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The “success” of a prison program can be defined, in part, as the ability to effectively reintegrate released offenders back into the community and secure reductions in criminal recidivism. This essay considers the challenges and issues involved in transferring the “what works” literature on potentially successful prison programs from research into practice. Implementation guidelines for prison programs are considered as well as the importance of evaluating and accrediting prison-based treatment programs. To this end, I review the obstacles to translating theoretically sound programs into prac

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Lösel, Friedrich, and Martin Schmucker. Treatment of sex offenders. Edited by Teela Sanders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213633.013.23.

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This essay discusses various treatments for sexual offenders and their success in reducing reoffending. Overall, research reveals a positive treatment effect that indicates up to 25 per cent less recidivism in treatment versus control groups. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, relapse prevention, and programs based on the Risk–Need–Responsivity model have the strongest evidence base, although the studies and findings are heterogeneous and outcomes vary depending on many factors. Most promising are programs that involve treatment in the community and in forensic hospitals, delivered in a partly indi

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Vincent, Laura, and Carl Waldmann. Rehabilitation from critical illness after hospital discharge. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0386.

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The majority of patients admitted to intensive care units survive to hospital discharge, but then face a long and challenging functional recovery, due to the physical and psychological sequelae of their critical illness. There is associated physical, emotional, and financial strain on families and care-givers, in addition to the ongoing impact on patients themselves. The optimization of post-ICU morbidity and ‘health-related quality of life’ have thus become key components of the critical care treatment pathway. Structured exercise rehabilitation programmes, tailored to the specific needs of i

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Bradford, John M. W., Giovana V. de Amorim Levin, Adekunle G. Ahmed, and Sanjiv Gulati. Sex offender treatment. Edited by Alec Buchanan and Lisa Wootton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738664.003.0011.

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There are many misconceptions about sexual-offender treatment, which are particularly magnified when it comes to understanding and managing the risk of sexual offending in the community. Many of the misconceptions are based on faulty information about the types of treatment, treatment outcomes, and sexual-offence recidivism. Additionally, public misconception of sexual-offending behaviour in sexually deviant individuals creates stigma and fear. This is despite the large number of studies on sexual-offender treatment, recidivism, and treatment outcome available in the scientific literature. In

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Zingg, Walter, and Stephan Harbarth. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of device-related infection in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0288.

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Many patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) suffer from health care-associated infections. Age, immunosuppression, neutropenia, or multi-organ failure are preconditions, but health care-associated infections are largely related to the use of medical devices. Breaches of aseptic technique are the most important risk factor. Central line-associated bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections represent up to 75% of all health care-associated infections in the ICU. Ease of diagnosis and effective prevention strategies make the centra

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Rakel, Birgit. Integrative Treatment of Anxiety. Edited by Anthony J. Bazzan and Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0019.

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Anxiety and anxiety disorders are among the most common complaints of people in all populations. Fear and anxiety are similar, but fear relates to immediate threats while anxiety refers to anticipation of future threats. Patients with anxiety symptoms frequently seek integrative approaches to help reduce their symptoms. Medications such as benzodiazepines are useful in certain anxiety conditions but have a number of side effects and may be addictive. Dietary influences can have a significant effect of augmenting or alleviating anxiety. Gut microbiota may play an important role in anxiety and o

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Dolan, Kate, Zahra Alam-Mehrjerdi, and Babak Moazen. Drug Treatment for Prisoners. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374847.003.0016.

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Globally more than 10.2 million people are held in prisons on any given day, of whom 10% to 48% of males and 30% to 60% of females are estimated to be drug-dependent. Rates of incarceration for people with drug-related problems have increased in the past couple of decades. The preponderance of people who use or inject drugs in prisons, high rates of drug-related harm in prison and after release, and the high level of re-incarceration among drug users after release from prison are the main reasons for providing drug treatment in prisons. This chapter provides an overview of the rationale for pr

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Rosenberg, Paul B. Treatment of Cognitive Impairment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199959549.003.0007.

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There are lifestyle strategies that may help preserve cognition in old age and in MCI. While the evidence is still suggestive rather than definitive it is strong enough to make suggestions to patients and families. Cognitive interventions such as computer-based cognitive stimulation and brain fitness programs may be helpful, although more generalized cognitive activities such as taking a college course or learning a new skill may be equally helpful. Aerobic exercise has the best track record to date among lifestyle interventions. Having a variety of leisure activities that combine psychologica

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Steketee, Gail, and Randy O. Frost. Treatment for Hoarding Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199334964.001.0001.

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This online Second Edition of Treatment for Hoarding Disorder is the culmination of more than 20 years of research on understanding hoarding and building an effective intervention to address its myriad components. Thoroughly updated and reflective of changes made to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5), it outlines an empirically supported and effective CBT program for treating hoarding disorder, and provides numerous assessment and intervention forms to help clients use the methods described in the intervention. A major goal of the treatment

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Toblin, Robin L., and Amy B. Adler. Resilience Training as a Complementary Treatment for PTSD. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190205959.003.0012.

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Resilience can be viewed as a process in which behaviors or attitudes can lead to a more positive outcome in the face of a traumatic stressor. Universal and targeted resilience training programs (e.g., primary and secondary prevention programs) can be adapted to complement evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), tertiary interventions. Using a skill-focus for resilience may increase optimism and self-efficacy for individuals, and therefore, their engagement in the homework and self-examination required by EBTs. Resilience topics that seem especially fitting

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Steketee, Gail, and Randy O. Frost. Treatment for Hoarding Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199334940.001.0001.

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This online Second Edition of Treatment for Hoarding Disorder is the culmination of more than 20 years of research on understanding hoarding and building an effective intervention to address its myriad components. Thoroughly updated and reflective of changes made to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5), this online client workbook outlines an empirically supported and effective CBT program for treating hoarding disorder. It helps to guide clients through their treatment for hoarding disorder with their clinician. It includes homework, forms, e

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Bergman, R. Lindsey. Treatment for Children with Selective Mutism. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195391527.001.0001.

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Treatment for Children with Selective Mutism outlines the sequence and essential elements to guide clinicians through a comprehensive, integrated program for young children who display symptoms of SM. It explains how this approach utilizes behavioral interventions targeting gradual increases in speaking across settings in which the child initially has difficulty. The integrated nature of the therapy refers to the goal of incorporating input from the clinician with that from the parents and teacher, as well as others impacted by the lack of speech. Exposure exercises are based on behavioral tec

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Parran, Theodore V., John A. Hopper, and Bonnie B. Wilford. Diagnosing Patients and Initiating Treatment (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265366.003.0011.

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Chapter 11 provides an organized approach to diagnosis and to the initial treatment plan, focusing on substance use disorders. The elements of pharmacological and behavioral approaches to treatment, including the management of withdrawal, are addressed separately (Sections III and IV). It begins with directions on initiation of the patient relationship, with the object of eliciting cooperation. The sources of information that should be interrogated are listed, including the history, screening tools, physical examination, laboratory studies, and collateral information (e.g., the prescription dr

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McFarr, Lynn, Julie Snyder, Lisa Benson, and Rachel Higier. Psychosocial Treatment Approaches for Substance Use. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0013.

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Multiple psychosocial treatments for substance-use disorders have been studied for efficacy. A recent meta-analysis indicates that psychosocial interventions are effective across multiple types of substances used. In the case of opiates, psychosocial interventions combined with medication appear to be the most effective. Many studies further agree that psychosocial interventions are an integral and necessary part of treating substance-use disorders. Although theoretical orientations may differ across psychosocial treatments, they have several principles and practices in common. All involve tal

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Kozauer, Nicholas, and Karl Broich. Regulatory Issues in Cognitive Enhancement Treatment Development. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190214401.003.0016.

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Improvement of cognition by medicinal products is an accepted concept by regulatory agencies. In dementing conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, improvement of cognition or slowing its deterioration is essential for approval, particularly in early and mild to moderate stages of Alzheimer’s disease. In conditions such as schizophrenia or major depression, treatment of cognitive impairment is not considered as a pseudospecific indication, and specific clinical trials for such an indication are underway. Assessment tools for measurements of change in cognition and its relevance in functional or

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Piacentini, John, Audra Langley, and Tami Roblek. Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Childhood OCD. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195310511.001.0001.

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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has shown to be effective in the treatment of childhood OCD. This online Therapist Guide outlines a 12-session CBT-based treatment for OCD that benefits not only children and adolescents, but their families as well. Each session incorporates a family therapy component in addition to individual treatment for the child. It is a combined approach program that educates the child and family about OCD in order to reduce negative feelings of guilt and blame and to normalise family functioning. It also provides guidelines for conducting both imaginal and in vivo expo

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Helzlsouer, Kathy J., and Arti Patel Varanasi. Enhancing Fidelity to Cancer Treatment Guidelines. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0019.

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Cancer treatment has become increasingly complex with the rapid development of new therapies and treatment modalities. Guidelines for optimum cancer treatment are produced by several organizations, but ensuring that the patient receives the treatment requires both provider awareness and patient support to follow a complex treatment plan. An individual diagnosed with cancer must simultaneously come to terms with the diagnosis, make difficult shared decisions about treatment with his or her provider, and commence treatment in a matter of a few days or weeks. Ensuring optimum treatment is an incr

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Nauta, Joske, Willem van Mechelen, and Evert ALM Verhagen. Epidemiology and prevention of sports injuries. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0040.

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Although sports injuries in children are common, prevention of these injuries is paramount. In order to set out effective prevention programmes, epidemiological studies need to be conducted on incidence, severity, and aetiology of sports injuries. Furthermore, the effectiveness of a preventive measure must be assessed, and the eventual implementation of a programme closely evaluated. When conducting epidemiological studies in sports injuries the injury definition used can have a large impact on the outcome, especially as the aetiology of sports injuries is highly multi-causal and recursive. In

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De La Cruz, Anthony, Richard F. Brown, and Steve Passik. Ambulatory care nurses responding to depression. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0029.

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Depression is a common occurrence among cancer patients; however, it goes undetected by healthcare providers in about 50% of cases. Ambulatory nurses are in a key position to identify and respond to a patient’s emotional distress and aid in the detection of patients at risk for or suffering from depression. Programmes in communication skills training have been shown to help nurses detect and respond to patient depression. A model of core communication components consisting of strategies, skills, and process tasks is presented. This model will enable nurses to gain an understanding of the patie

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Scobie, Antonia, Mark Gilchrist, Laura Whitney, and Matthew Laundy. Managing antimicrobials on the shop floor. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.003.0005.

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Reducing antimicrobial usage is key to stewardship, reducing adverse effects, and potentially stemming the tide of resistance. Establishment of an antimicrobial team on the shop floor to develop and manage a practical programme is discussed. Suggested methods of reducing antimicrobial usage include preventing initiation of unnecessary antimicrobials by the use of evidence-based guidelines and biomarker-directed clinical pathways, restricting durations to the shortest effective course—with automatic stop orders and separate antibiotic prescription charts, parenteral to oral switch programmes an

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Basu, Sanjay. Value. Edited by Sanjay Basu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667924.003.0002.

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This chapter seeks to answer the question: how much should we pay for a public health program? We often have to decide how to allocate funds to different public health programs or decide whether a new medical test or treatment is worth the cost. How can we make such decisions fairly? The author first works through some examples of commonly used decision trees to make these judgments in a rigorous and fair way. Some decision trees are used to solve value of information problems, which are used to perform cost-benefit analysis to determine whether we want to pay for a new service, test, or treat

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Smith, Douglas C., ed. Emerging Adults and Substance Use Disorder Treatment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190490782.001.0001.

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Emerging adulthood, spanning roughly between ages 18 and 29, is increasingly recognized as a unique period of development within the human lifespan. Unfortunately, the peak prevalence for substance use and related disorders occurs during emerging adulthood. At the nexus of developmental theory and clinical practice, this volume explores the idiosyncrasies associated with the assessment and treatment of substance-related disorders among emerging adults. Comprehensive coverage is provided on the developmental aspects of emerging adulthood, emerging adult–specific substance use screening, assessm

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Stuart, Heather, Julio Arboleda-Flórez, and Norman Sartorius. Paradigm 5: Psychiatrists Should Lead Antistigma Programmes. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199797639.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 demonstrates that health and mental health professionals are worthy targets of stigma-reduction efforts and that their affiliation with a system that promotes the identification and management of dangerousness, and uses coercive treatment approaches, considerably undermines any credibility they may have as leaders of community-based anti-stigma programs. Professional training does not equip health or mental health professionals to lead anti-stigma efforts, and more likely, it entrenches stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors. Nevertheless, professionals can (and should) contribute to a

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Cartwright, Joanna, Anjila Shah, and Sam Ghebrehewet. Influenza. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.003.0008.

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This chapter describes the background to, and management of, outbreaks of influenza-like illness (ILI). Clear terminology and definitions are given in relation to influenza biology and epidemiology. The role of the WHO Global Influenza Programme is explained, together with the national surveillance programmes within the UK. The chapter is structured around an outbreak of suspected ILI in a care home. The importance of obtaining appropriate samples and initial infection control implementation is emphasized. Guidance is given on current recommendations for the use of antivirals for prophylaxis a

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Barlow, David H., Todd J. Farchione, Shannon Sauer-Zavala, et al. Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190686017.001.0001.

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The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Workbook was developed to help people who are struggling with intense emotions like anxiety, sadness, anger, and guilt. A person may have an emotional disorder when his or her emotions are so overwhelming that they get in the way of moving forward in life. Although emotions affect our lives in different ways, there are three features that often occur across emotional disorders. These are (a) frequent, strong emotions; (b) negative reactions to emotions; and (c) avoidance of emotions. The goal of this workbook is to chan

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Scott, E. Hitchcock. Creative Arts Therapies: An Integrative Modality for Addiction and Trauma Treatment. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0023.

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This textbook subchapter examines how the creative arts therapies are an important modality for addiction treatment. A valid argument can be made regarding art as an essential tool for effective healing, based in part upon a comprehensive review of current research. Unfortunately, due to inadequately educated staff many addiction programs are mislabeling arts and crafts projects as “creative arts psychotherapy.” This subchapter seeks to address this misnomer as well as the remarkable healing potential of art therapy when facilitated by certified professionals. The benefits and challenges of ar

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Barlow, David H., Todd J. Farchione, Shannon Sauer-Zavala, et al. Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190685973.001.0001.

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The Unified Protocol (UP) for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide is a treatment programv applicable to all anxiety and unipolar depressive disorders and potentially other disorders with strong emotional components (e.g., eating disorders, borderline personality disorder). The UP for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders addresses neuroticism by targeting the aversive, avoidant reactions to emotions that, while providing relief in the short term, increase the likelihood of future negative emotions and maintains disorder symptoms. The strategies incl

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Scott, Michael J., and Monty Mythen. Enhanced surgical recovery programmes in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0364.

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Enhanced recovery programmes (ERPs) are evidence-based care pathways starting from the point of patient referral right through the peri-operative period until discharge home. The ERP aims to reduce surgical stress and enhance post-operative physiological function with resulting early return of enteral diet and mobilization to improve outcomes. There are 20 evidence-based elements, many of which are delivered by a multidisciplinary team. Many elements support a treatment intervention, but some aim to avoid an intervention, which can negatively impact on recovery. An ERP with good compliance has

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Mukherjee, Joia S. Community Health Workers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662455.003.0008.

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Community Health Workers (CHW) are an important cadre of health care personnel, particularly in impoverished countries. CHW program began with China’s “Barefoot Doctor” campaign. The Barefoot Doctors were lay people educated to provide basic medical education and care in rural China in the 1950s–1970s. CHWs have evolved over the years and now perform a variety of functions in many countries, from education to prevention, case finding to treatment, and referral to follow-up. This cadre is often used to fill the gap in human resources. There are a number of challenges in scaling up and sustainin

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Rauch, Sheila A. M., Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Erin R. Smith, and Edna B. Foa. Prolonged Exposure for PTSD in Intensive Outpatient Programs (PE-IOP). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190081928.001.0001.

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Trauma can leave a lasting impact on survivors. Some survivors are haunted by intrusive memories; avoid people, places, and situations related to the trauma; and feel constantly on edge due to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related posttrauma reactions. Effective treatment can help survivors suffering with PTSD to process the trauma and no longer feel haunted by traumatic experiences from their past. Prolonged exposure (PE) therapy is a highly effective, flexible, individualized psychotherapy that reduces the symptoms of PTSD. PE is the most widely studied treatment for PTSD, with mo

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Thompson-Brenner, Heather, Melanie Smith, Gayle E. Brooks, Dee Ross Franklin, Hallie Espel-Huynh, and James Boswell. The Renfrew Unified Treatment for Eating Disorders and Comorbidity. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190947002.001.0001.

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This treatment program is designed to address any type of eating disorder along with the other emotional problems that people with eating disorders also commonly experience. Eating disorders are related to emotional functioning in many important ways. The overall goal of this treatment is for clients to become more accepting of their emotions in order to respond to them in more productive ways. Each chapter of this workbook teaches clients the skills to manage their emotions. This workbook was developed to help people who have eating disorders and who are also struggling with intense and diffi

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Back, Sudie E., Edna B. Foa, Therese K. Killeen, et al. Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders Using Prolonged Exposure (COPE). Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199334513.001.0001.

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Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders Using Prolonged Exposure (COPE) is a an integrated treatment cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy program designed for patients who have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a co-occurring alcohol or drug use disorder. COPE represents an integration of two evidence-based treatments: Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy for PTSD and Relapse Prevention for substance use disorders, where both the PTSD and substance use disorder are addressed concurrently in therapy by the same clinician, and patients can experience substantial reductions in bo

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Back, Sudie E., Edna B. Foa, Therese K. Killeen, et al. Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders Using Prolonged Exposure (COPE). Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199334537.001.0001.

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Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders Using Prolonged Exposure (COPE) is a an integrated treatment cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy program designed for patients who have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a co-occurring alcohol or drug use disorder. COPE represents an integration of two evidence-based treatments: Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy for PTSD and Relapse Prevention for substance use disorders, where both the PTSD and substance use disorder are addressed concurrently in therapy by the same clinician, and patients can experience substantial reductions in bo

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Rocque, Michael, Agnieszka Serwik, and Judy Plummer-Beale. Offender Rehabilitation and Reentry During Emerging Adulthood. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0046.

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The criminal justice system has long been delineated along juvenile and adult lines. The ostensible rationale for this separation was that juveniles are developmentally distinct from adults; they require less punitive, more rehabilitative treatment than adults in order to improve their behavior. The underlying assumption is that adults are fully mature, and so developmental programs will be ineffective for them. However, recent research has indicated that young or emerging adults are not fully mature, either socially or physiologically. This has led for some to call for a new, “third way” appr

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Parascandola, Mark, and Donna Shelley. Implementing Evidence-Based Tobacco Use Treatment in Community Health Centers in Vietnam. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0031.

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Although tobacco use has been declining in most high-income countries, it has remained constant or increased in other areas of the world, shifting to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was adopted in 2003 to address the growing global epidemic of tobacco use. The 181 countries that are parties to the treaty are required to adopt a range of evidence-based tobacco control policies and programs, including access to tobacco use treatment. This case study provides an overview of the progress and gaps in implementing the FCTC and demonstrates

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Bisseling, Rob H. Parallel Scientific Computation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788348.001.0001.

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This book explains how to use the bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) model to design and implement parallel algorithms in the areas of scientific computing and big data. Furthermore, it presents a hybrid BSP approach towards new hardware developments such as hierarchical architectures with both shared and distributed memory. The book provides a full treatment of core problems in scientific computing and big data, starting from a high-level problem description, via a sequential solution algorithm to a parallel solution algorithm and an actual parallel program written in the communication library B

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Ehrenreich-May, Jill, Sarah M. Kennedy, Jamie A. Sherman, Emily L. Bilek, and David H. Barlow. Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190642952.001.0001.

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Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children: Workbook (UP-C) provides evidence-based treatment strategies to assist child clients to function better in their lives. This treatment is designed for children ages 7 to 13 (although some children just outside this age range may also benefit) who are experiencing feelings of sadness, anxiety, worry, anger, or other emotions that get in the way of their ability to enjoy their lives and feel successful. The workbook is written for children (with corresponding parent sessions presented later in the book) and guides

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Trestman, Robert, Kenneth Appelbaum, and Jeffrey Metzner, eds. Oxford Textbook of Correctional Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.001.0001.

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The Oxford Textbook of Correctional Psychiatry addresses the history, structure, and processes of correctional psychiatry, including case law, human rights, ethics, organization and funding of systems, as well as stages of patient management that cover initial assessments through re-entry. It also discusses management issues, emergencies, psychopharmacology topics, sleep, detoxification, reassessment of community diagnoses and treatments, diversion programs, levels of care, malingering, substance use within facilities, and formulary management. It also covers common psychiatric disorders, rele

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Medforth, Janet, Linda Ball, Angela Walker, Sue Battersby, and Sarah Stables. Sexual health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754787.003.0003.

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This chapter is mainly concerned with sexually transmitted infections and covers a range of issues, including Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, hepatitis B and C, herpes, syphilis, and other vaginal infections such as Candida, Trichomonas vaginalis, and bacterial vaginitis. Each of these is taken separately with reference to a screening programme, if appropriate, clinical symptoms and appearance, diagnosis, the latest guidance on treatment, and considerations for pregnancy. Fetal and neonatal infections, congenital transmission, treatment, and surveillance options for the neonate, along with specific adv

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Puntis, John. Obesity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0022.

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Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder affecting children in the developed world. The marked increase in prevalence is linked to environmental and behavioural changes; children’s energy expenditure has undoubtedly decreased. Obese children often become obese adults; children from lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to be obese. Obesity is a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, depression, and certain cancers. There is no proven preventive strategy but limiting time in front of computer and TV screens appears important. Obese children a

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Hutton, Heidi E., and Glenn J. Treisman. The Role of Personality in HIV Risk Behaviors: Implications for Treatment. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0020.

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The risk behaviors that transmit HIV and complicate HIV treatment are often influenced by Axis II personality disorders and personality traits. There has been relatively little research, however, on the role of personality traits and disorders in HIV despite their stable, durable, and heritable influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Certain traits, such as various types of extroversion and sensation seeking, appear to increase the likelihood of engaging in HIV risk behaviors, having poorer quality of life, and adhering to treatment regimens. Effective HIV prevention and treatment progr

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Azbel, Lyuba, and Frederick L. Altice. Drug Use, HIV, and the High-Risk Environment of Prisons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374847.003.0007.

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Prisons often concentrate people with or at risk for HIV within them and, due to the high-risk environment within prison, further amplify disease. Suboptimal access to evidence-based HIV prevention and treatment within prisons, including opioid agonist therapies with methadone or buprenorphine, antiretroviral therapy, and needle/syringe programs, results in worsening of disease during incarceration. Effective transitional programs that address continuity of prevention and treatment of HIV and substance use disorders, along with other co-morbid conditions, are crucial to reduce the harms from i

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Austin, Diane. Vocal Psychotherapy. Edited by Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.4.

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Vocal psychotherapy is the first model of music psychotherapy that focuses primarily on the voice. Vocal psychotherapy can be defined as the use of the breath, sounds, vocal improvisation, songs, and dialogue within a client-therapist relationship to promote intrapsychic and interpersonal growth and change. Since 2000 the Vocal psychotherapy training program in New York has been training postgraduate music therapists. This training provides the opportunity to learn the theoretical underpinnings that integrate the physical, psychological and spiritual benefits of singing, along with in-depth un

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Brown, Richard F., and Terrance Albrecht. Enrolment in clinical trials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0032.

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Cancer clinical trials are conducted to progress the efficacy of cancer treatments. The success of such clinical trials is dependent on enrolling cancer patients. However, enrolments rates remain low, and lower participation rates are reported in minority patients. The goal of this chapter is to outline issues involved in recruitment to clinical trials and to describe the ethical principles underlying informed consent. A model of communication skills training is presented to provide suggested strategies to aid communication between healthcare providers and patients about clinical trials. The p

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