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Journal articles on the topic "Asaia"

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Yukphan, Pattaraporn, Wanchern Potacharoen, Somboon Tanasupawat, Morakot Tanticharoen та Yuzo Yamada. "Asaia krungthepensis sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the α-Proteobacteria". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, № 2 (2004): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02734-0.

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Three bacterial strains were isolated from flowers collected in Bangkok, Thailand, by an enrichment-culture approach for acetic acid bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were located in the lineage of the genus Asaia but constituted a cluster separate from the type strains of Asaia bogorensis and Asaia siamensis. The DNA base composition of the isolates was 60·2–60·5 mol% G+C, with a range of 0·3 mol%. The isolates constituted a taxon separate from Asaia bogorensis and Asaia siamensis on the basis of DNA–DNA relatedness. The isolates had morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics similar to those of the type strains of Asaia bogorensis and Asaia siamensis, but the isolates grew on maltose. The major ubiquinone was Q10. On the basis of the results obtained, the name Asaia krungthepensis sp. nov. is proposed for the isolates. The type strain is isolate AA08T (=BCC 12978T=TISTR 1524T=NBRC 100057T=NRIC 0535T), which had a DNA G+C content of 60·3 mol% and was isolated from a heliconia flower (‘paksaasawan’ in Thai; Heliconia sp.) collected in Bangkok, Thailand.
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Chen, Shicheng, Ting Yu, Nicolas Terrapon, Bernard Henrissat, and Edward D. Walker. "Genome Features of Asaia sp. W12 Isolated from the Mosquito Anopheles stephensi Reveal Symbiotic Traits." Genes 12, no. 5 (2021): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050752.

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Asaia bacteria commonly comprise part of the microbiome of many mosquito species in the genera Anopheles and Aedes, including important vectors of infectious agents. Their close association with multiple organs and tissues of their mosquito hosts enhances the potential for paratransgenesis for the delivery of antimalaria or antivirus effectors. The molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between Asaia and mosquito hosts, as well as Asaia and other bacterial members of the mosquito microbiome, remain underexplored. Here, we determined the genome sequence of Asaia strain W12 isolated from Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, compared it to other Asaia species associated with plants or insects, and investigated the properties of the bacteria relevant to their symbiosis with mosquitoes. The assembled genome of strain W12 had a size of 3.94 MB, the largest among Asaia spp. studied so far. At least 3585 coding sequences were predicted. Insect-associated Asaia carried more glycoside hydrolase (GH)-encoding genes than those isolated from plants, showing their high plant biomass-degrading capacity in the insect gut. W12 had the most predicted regulatory protein components comparatively among the selected Asaia, indicating its capacity to adapt to frequent environmental changes in the mosquito gut. Two complete operons encoding cytochrome bo3-type ubiquinol terminal oxidases (cyoABCD-1 and cyoABCD-2) were found in most Asaia genomes, possibly offering alternative terminal oxidases and allowing the flexible transition of respiratory pathways. Genes involved in the production of 2,3-butandiol and inositol have been found in Asaia sp. W12, possibly contributing to biofilm formation and stress tolerance.
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Mancini, Maria Vittoria, Claudia Damiani, Sarah M. Short, et al. "Inhibition of Asaia in Adult Mosquitoes Causes Male-Specific Mortality and Diverse Transcriptome Changes." Pathogens 9, no. 5 (2020): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050380.

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Mosquitoes can transmit many infectious diseases, such as malaria, dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and lymphatic filariasis. Current mosquito control strategies are failing to reduce the severity of outbreaks that still cause high human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Great expectations have been placed on genetic control methods. Among other methods, genetic modification of the bacteria colonizing different mosquito species and expressing anti-pathogen molecules may represent an innovative tool to combat mosquito-borne diseases. Nevertheless, this emerging approach, known as paratransgenesis, requires a detailed understanding of the mosquito microbiota and an accurate characterization of selected bacteria candidates. The acetic acid bacteria Asaia is a promising candidate for paratransgenic approaches. We have previously reported that Asaia symbionts play a beneficial role in the normal development of Anopheles mosquito larvae, but no study has yet investigated the role(s) of Asaia in adult mosquito biology. Here we report evidence on how treatment with a highly specific anti-Asaia monoclonal antibody impacts the survival and physiology of adult Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Our findings offer useful insight on the role of Asaia in several physiological systems of adult mosquitoes, where the influence differs between males and females.
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Epis, S., M. Montagna, F. Comandatore, et al. "Molecular typing of bacteria of the genus Asaia in malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton, 1905." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 44, no. 2 (2012): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2012.e7.

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The acetic acid bacterium <em>Asaia</em> spp. was successfully detected in <em>Anopheles arabiensis</em> Patton, 1905, one of the major vector of human malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa. A collection of 45 <em>Asaia</em> isolates in cellfree media was established from 20 individuals collected from the field in Burkina Faso. 16S rRNA universal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific qPCR, for the detection of <em>Asaia</em> spp. were performed in order to reveal the presence of different bacterial taxa associated with this insect. The isolates were typed by internal transcribed spacer-PCR, BOX-PCR, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR, proved the presence of different <em>Asaia</em> in <em>A. arabiensis</em>.
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Chouaia, Bessem, Paolo Rossi, Matteo Montagna, et al. "Molecular Evidence for Multiple Infections as Revealed by Typing of Asaia Bacterial Symbionts of Four Mosquito Species." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 22 (2010): 7444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01747-10.

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ABSTRACT The recent increased detection of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) of the genus Asaia as symbionts of mosquitoes, such as Anopheles spp. and Aedes spp., prompted us to investigate the diversity of these symbionts and their relationships in different mosquito species and populations. Following cultivation-dependent and -independent techniques, we investigated the microbiota associated with four mosquito species, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus, which are important vectors of human and/or animal pathogens. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed the presence of several bacterial taxa, among which Asaia sequences were among the dominant in most of the samples. A collection of 281 Asaia isolates in cell-free media was established from individuals belonging to the four species. The isolates were typed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-PCR, tRNA-PCR, BOX-PCR, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR, revealing that different Asaia strains are present in different mosquito populations, and even in single individuals.
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Šístková, Iveta, Iveta Horsáková, Mariana Hanková, and Helena Čížková. "Asaia spp., acetic acid bacteria causing the spoilage of non-alcoholic beverages." KVASNY PRUMYSL 65, no. 1 (2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp2019.65.1.

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After a general introduction and introduction to acetic acid bacteria, this work focuses on the genus Asaia, which causes sensory defects in non-alcoholic beverages. Asaia representatives have strong adhesive properties for materials used in the food industry, where they subsequently form biofilms and are highly resistant to chemical preservatives. After the basic characteristics of the genus Asaia and its influence on humans, the main part of the paper deals with microbial contamination of beverages by these bacteria. The paper summarizes the knowledge of the influence of packaging materials on the development of defects in beverages and the use of natural bioactive substances and plant extracts as an alternative to maintaining the microbiological stability of beverages.
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Damiani, Claudia, Alessia Cappelli, Francesco Comandatore, et al. "Wolbachia in Aedes koreicus: Rare Detections and Possible Implications." Insects 13, no. 2 (2022): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13020216.

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The emerging distribution of new alien mosquito species was recently described in Europe. In addition to the invasion of Aedes albopictus, several studies have focused on monitoring and controlling other invasive Aedes species, as Aedes koreicus and Aedes japonicus. Considering the increasing development of insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes, new control strategies, including the use of bacterial host symbionts, are proposed. However, little is known about the bacterial communities associated with these species, thus the identification of possible candidates for Symbiotic Control is currently limited. The characterization of the natural microbiota of field-collected Ae. koreicus mosquitoes from North-East Italy through PCR screening, identified native infections of Wolbachia in this species that is also largely colonized by Asaia bacteria. Since Asaia and Wolbachia are proposed as novel tools for Symbiotic Control, our study supports their use for innovative control strategies against new invasive species. Although the presence of Asaia was previously characterized in Ae. koreicus, our study characterized this Wolbachia strain, also inferring its phylogenetic position. The co-presence of Wolbachia and Asaia may provide additional information about microbial competition in mosquito, and to select suitable phenotypes for the suppression of pathogen transmission and for the manipulation of host reproduction in Ae. koreicus.
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Djondji Kamga, Fleuriane Metissa, Leon M. J. Mugenzi, Magellan Tchouakui, et al. "Contrasting Patterns of Asaia Association with Pyrethroid Resistance Escalation between the Malaria Vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae." Microorganisms 11, no. 3 (2023): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030644.

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Microbiome composition has been associated with insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. However, the contribution of major symbionts to the increasingly reported resistance escalation remains unclear. This study explores the possible association of a specific endosymbiont, Asaia spp., with elevated levels of pyrethroid resistance driven by cytochrome P450s enzymes and voltage-gated sodium channel mutations in Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae. Molecular assays were used to detect the symbiont and resistance markers (CYP6P9a/b, 6.5 kb, L1014F, and N1575Y). Overall, genotyping of key mutations revealed an association with the resistance phenotype. The prevalence of Asaia spp. in the FUMOZ_X_FANG strain was associated with the resistance phenotype at a 5X dose of deltamethrin (OR = 25.7; p = 0.002). Mosquitoes with the resistant allele for the markers tested were significantly more infected with Asaia compared to those possessing the susceptible allele. Furthermore, the abundance correlated with the resistance phenotype at 1X concentration of deltamethrin (p = 0.02, Mann-Whitney test). However, for the MANGOUM_X_KISUMU strain, findings rather revealed an association between Asaia load and the susceptible phenotype (p = 0.04, Mann-Whitney test), demonstrating a negative link between the symbiont and permethrin resistance. These bacteria should be further investigated to establish its interactions with other resistance mechanisms and cross-resistance with other insecticide classes.
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Grogan, Christina, Marissa Bennett, and David J. Lampe. "An evaluation of fusion partner proteins for paratransgenesis in Asaia bogorensis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (2022): e0273568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273568.

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Mosquitoes transmit many pathogens responsible for human diseases, such as malaria which is caused by parasites in the genus Plasmodium. Current strategies to control vector-transmitted diseases are increasingly undermined by mosquito and pathogen resistance, so additional methods of control are required. Paratransgenesis is a method whereby symbiotic bacteria are genetically modified to affect the mosquito’s phenotype by engineering them to deliver effector molecules into the midgut to kill parasites. One paratransgenesis candidate is Asaia bogorensis, a Gram-negative bacterium colonizing the midgut, ovaries, and salivary glands of Anopheles sp. mosquitoes. Previously, engineered Asaia strains using native signals to drive the release of the antimicrobial peptide, scorpine, fused to alkaline phosphatase were successful in significantly suppressing the number of oocysts formed after a blood meal containing P. berghei. However, these strains saw high fitness costs associated with the production of the recombinant protein. Here, we report evaluation of five different partner proteins fused to scorpine that were evaluated for effects on the growth and fitness of the transgenic bacteria. Three of the new partner proteins resulted in significant levels of protein released from the Asaia bacterium while also significantly reducing the prevalence of mosquitoes infected with P. berghei. Two partners performed as well as the previously tested Asaia strain that used alkaline phosphatase in the fitness analyses, but neither exceeded it. It may be that there is a maximum level of fitness and parasite inhibition that can be achieved with scorpine being driven constitutively, and that use of a Plasmodium specific effector molecule in place of scorpine would help to mitigate the stress on the symbionts.
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Cappelli, Alessia, Dezemona Petrelli, Giuliano Gasperi, et al. "Bacterial Symbionts in Ceratitis capitata." Insects 13, no. 5 (2022): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13050474.

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Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) is responsible for extensive damage in agriculture with important economic losses. Several strategies have been proposed to control this insect pest including insecticides and the Sterile Insect Technique. Traditional control methods should be implemented by innovative tools, among which those based on insect symbionts seem very promising. Our study aimed to investigate, through the 16S Miseq analysis, the microbial communities associated with selected organs in three different medfly populations to identify possible candidates to develop symbiont-based control approaches. Our results confirm that Klebsiella and Providencia are the dominant bacteria in guts, while a more diversified microbial community has been detected in reproductive organs. Concertedly, we revealed for the first time the presence of Chroococcidiopsis and Propionibacterium as stable components of the medfly’s microbiota. Additionally, in the reproductive organs, we detected Asaia, a bacterium already proposed as a tool in the Symbiotic Control of Vector-Borne Diseases. A strain of Asaia, genetically modified to produce a green fluorescent protein, was used to ascertain the ability of Asaia to colonize specific organs of C. capitata. Our study lays the foundation for the development of control methods for C. capitata based on the use of symbiont bacteria.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Asaia"

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CAPONE, AIDA. "Interactions between Asaia, Plasmodium and Anopheles: new insights in mosquito symbiosis and implications in Malaria Symbiotic Control." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11581/401793.

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The recent identification of acetic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Asaia, that are stably associated with larvae and adults of different species of malaria transmitting mosquitoes, in particular Anopheles stephensi, indicates this bacterium as a suitable candidate for the paratransgenic or symbiotic control of the malaria infection. The presence of Asaia in the mosquito reproductive system represents an additional intriguing feature, particularly important towards the development of Paratransgenetically Modified (PM) mosquitoes that can mix with natural populations. By the means of Real Time quantitative PCR I have investigated the relative amount of Asaia and Plasmodium in co-infected mosquitoes thus providing evidence that the malaria infection does not interfere with the blooming of Asaia that follows a blood meal. Furthermore, by immunological studies we provided evidences that Asaia induces ‘in vitro' the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the mosquito and that, the adaptation of Asaia to the life into the insect, doesn't appear to be related with a reduced immunogenicity, but with a resistance to the immune reaction. In addition, by fluorescent recombinant strains of both Asaia and Plasmodium, we were able to precisely define the co-localisation of these organisms at the level of mosquito midgut and salivary glands. It was also considered necessary to verify the Asaia role about the vitality of adults mosquitoes. For this aim, has been adopted a novel strategy using monoclonal antibodies against Asaia, to interfere with the function of these bacteria by antibody opsonization. These studies while confirming the potential suitable use of Asaia as microbial agent for the paratransgenic control of malaria infection. Beyond bacteria, yeast-like organisms were also present in the mosquito midgut and in reproductive systems. We have identified Wickerhamomyces anomalus (Saccharomycetales) as an important component of the yeast microbiome in this mosquito species, suggesting multiple transmission patterns. The possibility to easily manipulate yeast, and the chance to express effector molecules in a eukaryotic organism renders W. anomalus another good potential candidate for paratransgenesis.
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VAROTTO, BOCCAZZI ILARIA. "SYMBIOTIC CHIMERAS: NOVEL IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ASAIA SYMBIONTS ENGINEERED TO BE COVERED BY THE WOLBACHIA SURFACE PROTEIN." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/711030.

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Vector-borne diseases represent one-sixth of all infectious diseases and cause more than 1,000,000 deaths every year. The World Health Organization (WHO) proposes the adoption of sustainable integrated vector management, which includes strategies such as environmental remediation, information and education of the population, but also the integration of classical chemicals (e.g. insecticides) with non-chemical control methods for the control of arthropod vectors. Among these strategies, the symbiotic control (SC), which exploits microorganism symbionts of the insects, is getting more and more attention as it is particularly promising for the control of vector-borne diseases. Particularly, in this thesis, I studied the potentiality of bacteria belonging to two genera: Asaia and Wolbachia. The former includes acetic acid bacteria, symbionts of many insects such as mosquitoes and recently proposed as good candidates for paratransgenesis-based control strategies. The latter includes symbionts of arthropods and nematodes, with the capability to stimulate innate immune responses in mosquitoes with a reduction of their vectorial capability. We thus engineered the bacterium Asaia to express the Wolbachia surface protein (WSP), a potential inductor of innate immunity, derived from Wolbachia infecting the nematode Dirofilaria immitis (AsaiaWSP). My project has two main aims: i) to test the capability of the bacterium AsaiaWSP to stimulate the immune system of mosquitoes and thus to interfere with D. immitis development after infection; ii) to verify if AsaiaWSP is able to induce a macrophage polarization during the immune response towards the M1/Th1 phenotype and if this polarization could determine an anti-Leishmania effect. The obtained results to achieve these aims have been summarized in two articles: Article 1 The first study, here presented, consolidates the previous evidence on the immune-stimulating property of WSP. In fact, WSP from Wolbachia of D. immitis was shown to stimulate the immune response in mosquitoes and mammals (humans, rodents, dogs) in vitro, but here for the first time an engineered bacterium expressing WSP was tested. AsaiaWSP activated the expression of immune genes coding for effector molecules in Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi mosquitoes. Once verified the stimulation of the immune system of the mosquitoes, the capability to inhibit the development of the nematode D. immitis, ethiological agent of dirofilariasis, in the vector Ae. aegypti was investigated. We obtained a first evidence of an inhibition of D. immitis larval development after the infection of mosquitoes with the engineered bacterium AsaiaWSP. Article 2 In the second paper, I focused my attention on leishmaniases, vector-borne diseases widespread in more than one hundred countries in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate zones and caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania. I investigated the capability of the chimeric bacterium AsaiaWSP to polarize the immune response towards the M1/Th1 phenotype, which is protective for the host; in fact, macrophage polarization towards the M1/Th1 or M2/Th2 side is crucial for the outcome of the visceral leishmaniasis. The chimeric bacterium AsaiaWSP acted as a polarizing agent, stimulating the phagocytosis and inducing the release of M1/Th1 cytokines, ROS and the expression of iNOS. Then, AsaiaWSP determined an anti-leishmanial effect with a reduction of the number of intracellular parasites. In conclusion the modified bacterium Asaia, here proposed, appears as a promising candidate for paratransgenesis-based control strategies for the control of vector-borne diseases in general, and as a successful immunomodulator, which could be used in combination with the classical chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of leishmaniases and other M1-impaired diseases.
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Minard, Guillaume. "Écologie du microbiote bactérien associé au moustique tigre Aedes albopictus : une approche "omique" pour l'exploration de l'holobionte vecteur." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10299/document.

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Originaire d'Asie du Sud et de l'Est, le moustique tigre Aedes albopictus est aujourd'hui implanté sur 5 des 6 continents et les moyens de lutte mis en place pour l'éliminer peinent à freiner son expansion. Ces dernières années, l'étude des communautés microbiennes associées aux insectes a permis de démontrer leur implication dans des fonctions clefs de la biologie de leurs hôtes (nutrition, immunité, résistance aux stress biotiques et abiotiques …). Ensemble, ils constituent un super-organisme appelé holobionte. Ainsi, une meilleure connaissance de l'écologie microbienne d'Ae. albopictus pourrait nous apporter de nouvelles perspectives dans la compréhension du fonctionnement du pathosystème vectoriel. C'est dans ce contexte que s'est inscrit mon projet de thèse qui a consisté à décrire le microbiote bactérien du moustique tigre en lien avec son écologie et la génétique de ses populations. Nos travaux se sont tout d'abord portés sur des exemples précis d'interactions avec des symbiotes d'intérêts puis nous avons élargi cette étude à l'ensemble des communautés bactériennes et leurs facteurs de variation, en bénéficiant du développement des nouvelles technologies de séquençage. Les résultats obtenus ouvrent la voie vers de nouvelles hypothèses sur le fonctionnement et la dynamique de l'holobionte moustique avec la prise en compte des interactions symbiotiques comme un élément majeur du pathosystème vectoriel<br>Originated from South East Asia, the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is now established on 5 of the 6 continents. Control strategies to limit its introduction and expansion remain restricted. Those last years, studies on insect microbial communities highlighted the key role of symbionts in the biology of their hosts (nutrition, immunity, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses…). Together, they constitute a super-organism called the holobiont. Therefore, a better knowledge of microbial ecology of Ae. Albopictus should increase the understanding of vectorial pathosystem. In this context, my thesis project consisted to improve the description of bacterial microbiota associated with the Asian tiger mosquito in relation with its ecology and population genetics. We first based our attention on specific models of symbiotic interactions and then we extended our study to the whole bacterial community and its variation factors using high throughput sequencing technologies. Our results open the way to new hypotheses about the function and dynamics of mosquito holobionte taking into account the symbiotic interactions as a major component of the vectorial pathosystem
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SANTIAGU, MODUTHAGUM SOOSAI ADAIKALA INFENTA. "EXPLORING BACTERIAL MOLECULAR FACTORS MODULATING THE SYMBIOTIC INTERACTIONS WITH INSECTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/347400.

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Many of the cellular mechanisms underlying host responses to pathogens have been well conserved during evolution. Homeostatic interactions between insects and commensal microbes are widespread in nature. Commensal microbes have many roles in the biology and lifecycle of most insect species, affecting different aspects of their life. The recently recognized acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are the most abundant microorganisms in the insects and also metabolically linked to one another. These symbionts establish close interactions with their animal host, including insects and mosquitoes. In particular, gut microbiota establishes strict interactions with its host and, indeed, close interactions are established among the different microbial partners. Fine regulation of the immunity in the host gut is required for homeostasis of gut microbiota. A recent study highlighted the role of bacterium-secreted uracil as a signal molecule controlling immunity in the gut of flies. Moreover, diversity of microbial symbionts suggests that synergistic activity in their role is favored. This gut bacterial symbionts have a role in the fitness of insects that are vectors of the most severe diseases in plant, animal and human affecting the agricultural production and the environment. The mosquitoes Anopheles are vectors of Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria. Asaia is a useful model for the study of promising tools in the control of disease-transmitting mosquitoes like Anopheles and AAB symbionts. The aim of my Ph.D. research work was to explore the molecular factors of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) involved in the interaction with the host in order to unveil targets addressable for novel strategies of pathogen biocontrol. The purpose was challenged by a comparative proteomic approach considering Asaia SF2.1 as a model AAB-symbiont. Since this approach is based on the analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) protein profiles, it requires a consistent amount of bacterial-specific protein that cannot be achieved in the gut environment. To this end, hypoxia was applied as a model condition eliciting or suppressing pathways possibly involved in the symbiotic interaction. Hypoxia condition was applied to mimic the insect gut condition, where the oxygen concentration is usually low from 2% to 8%. Microbial population of model host insects (Drosophyla suzukii and Anopheles stephensi) was characterized by using 16S rRNA and ITS-PCR. The analysis showed that Asaia SF2.1 is among the most abundant acetic acid bacteria (AAB) species. Most abundant AAB species were selected from each genus (i.e. Gluconobacter, Acetobacter, Komagataeibacter and Asaia) and the biomass production was defined. Furthermore, for all strains, conditions for protein extraction methods were optimized followed by protein quality assessment and quantification. Asaia SF2.1 was selected for comparative proteomic approach based on the availability of genome sequence, protein quality and quantity. Different sample preparation methods were used for the setup of protein extraction. The best method for protein extraction was selected and was followed by optimization of the 2D-PAGE run conditions. Using bioreactor, hypoxia (6%) and normal (20%) condition (control) of Asaia SF2.1 were setup and growth data evaluated. 2D-PAGE protein profiles of more than 220 spots were obtained by applying the optimized protocol. Total 12 protein spots with altered expression differences were observed and the corresponding proteins were identified by mass spectrometry technique. MS analysis identified different proteins from the selected spots and functional categorization of proteins was carried out according to the annotated information. Protein spots were mostly identified as being involved in transcription, cellular respiratory function, cell wall biogenesis, protein biosynthesis, pentose-phosphate shunt. Gene ontology analysis suggested interesting putative candidate pathways involved in endosymbiosis, thus paving targets for biocontrol strategies.
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Nájera, Rendón Daniel. "Asia Town + Casa Asia Puebla." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2011. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lar/najera_r_d/.

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Elson, R. E. "Australian dissertations on Asia, 1999-2000." Griffith University, 2000. http://www.gu.edu.au:80/school/iba/asaa/austdistertations.html.

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Dissertations on Asia and Australia's relations with Asia, either completed in 1999 or 2000 or in progress in 2000 in Australian universities. The list was compiled by Robert Elson from information supplied to the Asian Studies Association of Australia. Arranged by regions of Asia: general or comparative; Australia and Asia; East Asia; South Asia; Southeast Asia; West Asia.<br>Description based on contents viewed June 4, 2002; title from home page.
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Creighton, Chie-wei Eve, and 林綺薇. "MTV Asia headquarters." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982645.

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Fukasawa, Masahiko. ""Keiretsu" in Asia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12625.

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Creighton, Chie-wei Eve. "MTV Asia headquarters." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25951361.

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Kamthornkittikul, Napol. "Southeast Asia Equity ETFs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104525.

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Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-48).<br>Southeast Asia countries are forming the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), one of the largest markets in the world with an over $2 trillion economy and population of over 600 million. This represents great opportunities not only for ASEAN citizens but also for foreigners to benefit from the combined economy. As a student from Thailand with strong interest in equity investment, I am interested in exploring equity investment opportunities in the region. I particular I want to look at Southeast Asia Equity ETFs as I believe that ETFs will play an important role in allowing investors to benefit from an exposure to the region's economy. In this thesis, I developed key investment highlights of Southeast Asia. I then explained why ETFs are an attractive tool for investors based on their special characteristics that distinguish them from typical mutual funds. Next, I explored and analyzed currently available Southeast Asia regional-focused ETFs. Finally, I developed several key considerations for new entrants who might consider getting into the market in offering Southeast Asia Equity ETFs.<br>by Napol Kamthornkittikul.<br>S.M. in Management Studies
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Books on the topic "Asaia"

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Österreichisches Museum für Angewandte Kunst, ed. Asien: China - Japan - Korea = Asaia : China - Japan - Korea. Prestel, 2014.

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Bhuyan, Suryya Kumar. Asama-jīẏarī =: Asama-jiyari. 2nd ed. J. Dutta Barua, 1990.

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Sajid, Iqbal. Asasa. Jang, 1990.

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Asaka-shi Kyōiku Iinkai. Shishi Hensanshitsu. Asaka no rekishi: History of Asaka. Asaka-shi, 1997.

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Asada, Takashi. Asada Takashi ten: Asada Takashi retrospective. Asahi Shinbunsha, 2000.

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Rangsimaporn, Paradorn. Central Asia and Southeast Asia. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10112-0.

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Keith, Lye, ed. Asia. Cherrytree, 2008.

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Asia. Weigl Publishers, 2006.

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Asia. Lerner, 2008.

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Cotterell, Arthur, ed. Asia. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119199601.

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Book chapters on the topic "Asaia"

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Mancini, Maria Vittoria, and Guido Favia. " Asaia Paratransgenesis in Mosquitoes." In Transgenic Insects, 2nd ed. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621176.0015.

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Kersters, Karel, Puspita Lisdiyanti, Kazuo Komagata, and Jean Swings. "The Family Acetobacteraceae: The Genera Acetobacter, Acidomonas, Asaia, Gluconacetobacter, Gluconobacter, and Kozakia." In The Prokaryotes. Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30745-1_9.

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Adams, Francis. "Asia." In The Right to Food. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60255-0_6.

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Becker, Norbert, Dušan Petrić, Marija Zgomba, et al. "Asia." In Mosquitoes and Their Control. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92874-4_12.

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Rasappan, Arunaselam, Osman Zaiton, Lee Ong Kim, Selva Ramachandran, Roger Pearson, and Karin Kohlweg. "Asia." In The Annotated Bibliography of International Programme Evaluation. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4587-3_2.

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Sharpton, Amy N. "Asia." In Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_51.

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Labrousse, Alan, and Laurent Laniel. "Asia." In The World Geopolitics of Drugs, 1998/1999. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3505-6_3.

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Skinner, John. "Asia." In The Stepmother Tongue. Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26898-6_2.

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Song, Choan-Seng. "Asia." In The Blackwell Companion to the Bible and Culture. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470997000.ch11.

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Krähmer, Hansjörg. "Asia." In Atlas of Weed Mapping. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118720691.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Asaia"

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Khorshidifard, Sara. "Augmented and Humble: Spaces for Social Responsibility Learning in Architectural Education." In 2019 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.fall.19.8.

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The profession and beforehand the education of architecture remains accountable and must increase responsiveness towards real-time needs, including those of society. This paper examines this necessity, asserting a more rigorous and expansive application and address of social responsibility learning in the education. Architecture professionals have advantaged positions as creative generators of built environments, hence, are socially responsible to serve the public good, empowering peoples and envisioning democratic places for all. The education is the starting place in transferring the essential learning principles, knowledge, and skills. Despite the import, social learning is still one of the least considered, most overlooked student performance criteria in architectural education. This is despite several contemporary mandate assertions in place and progress by leading professional organizations such asAIA and educational credentialing bodies such as NAAB.The paper considers as premise that, despite all the good, social learning still remains a key area that design pedagogy tends to overlook rather easily or can fall short to address. Regarding The Now, where loftier curriculum revisions and augmented experiences may not be within the reach of a program, humble opportunities always remain within reach, opening rooms for significant civic goals. The paper is highlighting some of these more nuanced and subtle opportunistic approaches to embrace and better address the social in the education.
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Shi, Liang, and Khaled Rasheed. "ASAGA." In the 10th annual conference. ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1389095.1389289.

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Frischbier, Sebastian, Alessandro Margara, Tobias Freudenreich, Patrick Eugster, David Eyers, and Peter Pietzuch. "ASIA." In the Posters and Demo Track. ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2405153.2405159.

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"Asia haptics." In 2015 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whc.2015.7177681.

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Lee, Kuen-Jong, Shi-Yu Huang, Huawei Li, Tomoo Inoue, and Yervant Zorian. "International Test Conference in Asia (ITC-Asia) - Bridging ITC and Test Community in Asia." In 2019 IEEE International Test Conference (ITC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itc44170.2019.9000177.

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Attanasi, Emil D., and Philip Freeman. "Role of Stranded Gas From Central Asia, Russia, Southeast Asia, and Australia in Meeting Asia." In SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/162870-ms.

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"ASIA 2009 Reviewers." In 2009 International Asia Symposium on Intelligent Interaction and Affective Computing (ASIA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asia.2009.6.

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Hu, Ruizhen, Oliver van Kaick, Youyi Zheng, and Manolis Savva. "SIGGRAPH Asia 2016." In SA '16: SIGGRAPH Asia 2016. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2988458.2988469.

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"Malaysia - Truly Asia." In 2014 International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccce.2014.10.

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Tianbao, Wang. "ON THE TURKIFICATION IN CENTRAL ASIA." In Chinese Studies in the 21st Century. Buryat State University Publishing Department, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/978-5-9793-1802-8-2022-74-82.

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"Central Asia" is not only a concept of physical geography, but also a concept of cultural region and geopolitics, and has a narrow and broad sense. At present, the common term "Central Asia" refers to Central Asia in a narrow sense, whi ch is closely related to the political and economic fields, namely, the "five Central Asian countries". Historically, the region has been affected by Turkization for a long time. In the 6th century, Turks first e s- tablished and ruled in Central Asia, which was the warm up stage of Turkization in Central Asia. In the 7th century, Arabs moved eastward to promote the integration between Central Asian people and Turks, which was the initial stage of Turkization in Central Asia. In the 11th century, the Turkic dy nasty represented by the Karahan Khanate replaced the rule of the Iranian language group in Central Asia, and the Turkization of Central Asia stepped into an accelerated stage. In the 15th century, the Mongols were also Turkized in the process of ruling Central Asia, and Central Asia Turkization entered the formation stage.
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Reports on the topic "Asaia"

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Masters, Mark, Mark Christian, and Douglas Lengenfelder. Southeast Asia. Defense Technical Information Center, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441385.

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Howson, Peter, Rini Astuti, Oliver Hensengerth, and Sara Kindon. Asia-Pacific ClimateScapes. The British Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/just-transitions-a-p/p-h-s-k-vietnamese.

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Howson, Peter, Rini Astuti, Oliver Hensengerth, and Sara Kindon. Asia-Pacific ClimateScapes. The British Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/just-transitions-a-p/p-h-s-k-indonesian.

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Smart, Andy, and Shanti Jagannathan, eds. Textbook Policies in Asia:. Asian Development Bank, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tcs189651-2.

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Blank, Stephen J. Russia's Prospects in Asia. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada534395.

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Ito, Takatoshi. Capital Flows in Asia. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7134.

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Ziegler, Charles E. Russia and Northeast Asia. Defense Technical Information Center, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada304967.

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Prasad, Eswar. Rebalancing Growth in Asia. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15169.

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Everett, Michael W. Multilateralism in Southeast Asia. Defense Technical Information Center, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada385716.

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Dale, V. (Acid rain in Asia). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5361980.

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