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Relevant bibliographies by topics / ASAT Weapon

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Academic literature on the topic 'ASAT Weapon'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "ASAT Weapon"

1

G. Robison, Stephen. "Legality of Non-kinetic ASAT Weapons: A US Perspective on How Technology Outpaces Law." Air and Space Law 47, Issue 4/5 (2022): 491–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2022026.

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Satellite vulnerability increases with every technological development. While these advancements are extraordinary, they also threaten the global economy through Anti-Satellite (ASAT) weapons. Many articles have been presented to show that a kinetic ASAT weapon is illegal under the current international law, but the analysis used fails to capture all ASAT weapons. The ambiguity and vagueness of the current laws and regulations in the Outer Space Treaty, the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and Customary International Law (CIL) all fail to adequately safeguard satellites against non-kinetic ASAT weapons. These particular weapons continue to go unaccounted for as the global community concentrates on kinetic ASAT weapons. While it is important to discuss kinetic weapons, we cannot forget to develop laws regarding non-kinetic weapons. Accordingly, this article will demonstrate that under current law the deployment of a non-kinetic ASAT weapon would be legal. Moreover, this article will demonstrate how current technology outpaced international law. Overall, this article aims to uphold the principles set forth in 1967, by the Outer Space Treaty (OST), exemplifying humanity’s ultimate opportunity for international collaboration. SEOs, Anti-Satellite Weapons, Space Law, International Relations, Global Economy, Cybersecurity

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2

Daud, Mohammad Rifki, and Amanda Adelina Harun. "International Legal Regulations Concerning Launching of Russian Anti-Satellite Weapon Missiles Reviewed in Space Law Perspective." Estudiante Law Journal 4, no. 2 (2022): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33756/eslaj.v4i2.15943.

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The development of weapons technology is currently very advanced and competitive, one of which is the Anti-Satellite weapon (ASAT) technology. ASAT has become a real threat to the sustainability of the space environment, this is because ASAT has the potential to damage international peace and security, trigger an arms race, and increase the amount of space debris orbiting the earth. The absence of regulations that specifically regulate ASAT makes countries feel free to conduct anti-satellite missile test launches. For example, in 2021 Russia conducted an ASAT test targeting the Cosmos-1408 satellite. Using normative juridical research and research approaches with statute approach, case approach, and analytical approach, the author wants to study and analyze international legal arrangements regarding the launch of Anti-Satellite Weapon (ASAT) missiles and the legal consequences against Russia as the country that launches Anti-Satellite Weapon (ASAT) missiles. Based on the results of the study, the researchers found that there were no regulations specifically limiting ASAT, but the regulation in question should have been contained in the Outer Space Treaty 1967 as the basis for regulating all activities related to space, then further legal consequences against Russia for launching anti-missile missiles. -satellite, namely Russia is obliged to be responsible in terms of responsibility and liability in terms of liability and is strengthened by the principle of liability based on fault as stated in the Liability Convention 1972.

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Scheiber, Max A. "Kim Jong United: How a Future North Korean ASAT Threat Makes Strange International Bedfellows and Novel Opportunity." Journal of Advanced Military Studies 15, no. 1 (2024): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.20231501006.

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While North Korea does not have a formal direct ascent antisatellite (DA-ASAT) weapon, its missile technology provides some baseline technology to make one, and a DA-ASAT program furthers the ruling Kim Jong Un regime’s strategic goals. Thus, the United States should prepare for this threat now. This article argues that North Korean DA-ASAT weapon is a unique political-military challenge, in that China and Russia—traditional North Korean allies but major space-faring nations—are also threatened by this weapon because of the indiscriminate space debris it creates. This creates aligned interests between the United States, China, and Russia to stop a North Korean DA-ASAT program, and as this article asserts, the best way to do that is to cooperate in slowly advancing the North Korean space program with nonthreatening technology in return for the country abandoning DA-ASAT research.

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Ghanem, M., O. Abdelsalam, S. Guirgis, and M. Aboel Khair. "Solution of Heat Transfer Problem for Thick Walled Automatic Weapon Barrel Subjected to Continuous Firing." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 17, AEROSPACE SCIENCES (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.2017.22770.

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5

Claudya, Ribqha, and Irawati Handayani. "The Challenges of Environmental Protection in Outer Space Following Russia’s Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Weapon Test Activities." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 13, no. 2 (2024): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v13i2.83749.

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<p><em>One of the effects of space activities is the creation of space debris that can endanger either the space environment or the Earth’s environment. In response to concerns regarding a swift escalation in space debris, Russia tested its Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Weapon by deploying the PL-19 Nudol missile against its satellite, Cosmos 1408, generating space debris. This situation certainly raises the question of how to protect the environment in space and whether international environmental law that provides a legal framework for protection in the world can also be applied in outer space. This article offers a new perspective on implementing international law to protect the space environment. This study adopts normative juridical research methods by utilizing a statute and case approach to analyze the research. The analysis showed that space debris generated from ASAT Weapon testing activities by Russia is regarded as harmful contamination under Article IX of OST under the interpretation of the term through the method of interpretation regulated in the 1969 VCLT because these activities produce long-lived space debris. Further, Russia violated the principles of environmental protection in space by failing to fulfill the obligations contained in these principles, such as taking precautionary measures and international consultations before carrying out such test activities.</em></p>

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6

Stojchevska, Stefani. "The United Nations’ Reso Lution 2325 “Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction” and Its Role in Preventing Terrestrial-Based WMD Utilization Toward Orbiting Space Objects." SEEU Review 15, no. 2 (2020): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2020-0022.

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Abstract The 2016 United Nations’ Resolution 2325 “Non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction” manifests one of the greatest challenges for humankind in relation to preventing a global catastrophe, where it reaffirms that the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security. However, regarding the continuous technological developments of terrestrial-based WMD aimed at orbiting space objects in near-Earth orbit, it is crucial to analyze whether, and if so, how 2325 prevents their proliferation and utilization. Another relevant argument addresses the terminological factuality that, while treaty and customary law do provide some guidance on the legality of weaponization, the concept of a “space weapon” is still not clearly defined. Moreover, even though the Outer Space Treaty prohibits the placement of nuclear weapons and WMD in near-Earth orbit, installing them on the Moon or any other celestial body, or to otherwise station them in outer space, it simultaneously excludes terrestrial-based anti-satellite weapons, thus creating a legal loophole. National representatives of superpowers, particularly of space-faring nations, are aware of the existing issue and often express their concerns toward comprehensive ASAT development and utilization. Nevertheless, the potential weaponization of outer space will not be actively recognized and accepted as an official occurrence within the international community until our current space systems are eventually utilized in order to destroy or damage another State’s space object.

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7

Harahap, Cyril Noor Mohammad. "Aplikasi Teori Offensive Realism Dalam Menjelaskan China Yang Memperkuat Kekuatan Ruang Angkasa Tahun 2021." Jurnal Impresi Indonesia 4, no. 6 (2025): 2033–43. https://doi.org/10.58344/jii.v4i6.6670.

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This study explains that space has become a new domain in the struggle for influence of countries in international relations. Countries have the goal of securing their interests in space for political, economic and military purposes. China is one of the countries that has political interests such as space exploration by launching the first human mission in space in 2003. In its development, China created an exploration program by developing space-based military technology such as the Anti-Satellite (ASAT) counterspace weapon which was launched in 2007. China also formed the PLA Strategic Support Forces space force for the purpose of operating space control. Military policy was never clearly stated in China's space white paper in 2006 and 2011 because their goal was only for peaceful exploration. In 2016 and 2021, the statements in the space white paper had significantly different goals and explicitly led to military activities, namely to form a space force. Based on the explanation above, this study raises the question: Why is China Strengthening Space Power in 2021? The analysis of this study uses the Offensive Realism theory. This study uses a qualitative research method. Data collection techniques are sourced from secondary data sources obtained from journals, books, official documents, official statements and reports.

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8

Beardsley, Tim. "ASAT: US weapons test criticized." Nature 317, no. 6034 (1985): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317194a0.

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9

Stares, Paul B. "ASAT Weapons: Why Restraint Makes Sense." Brookings Review 5, no. 4 (1987): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20079993.

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10

Czajkowski, Marek. "Anti-Satellite Weapons – Current Status." Roczniki Nauk Społecznych 52, no. 4 (2024): 183–201. https://doi.org/10.18290/rns2024.0043.

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This article is a follow-on to the text this author published in 2021, which contained his view on the state of and prospects for anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons. It aims to review previous findings and predictions, update information on emerging ASAT weapons systems, and provide new strategic assessment relating to the possible development of anti-satellite weapons. The main hypothesis is that anti-satellite weapons are impractical, so the main space powers will most probably not pursue deploying strategically significant quantities of these weapons. The methodology applied in this research rests on qualitative analysis, which will be performed through discourse analysis and content analysis.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ASAT Weapon"

1

Mastalir, Anthony J. "The US response to China's ASAT : an international security space alliance for the future /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=4b87f6c0-936b-40bf-98d5-f8139a39e139&rs=PublishedSearch.

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Books on the topic "ASAT Weapon"

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Johnson-Freese, Joan. The viability of U.S. anti-satellite (ASAT) policy: Moving toward space control. USAF Institute for National Security Studies, USAF Academy, 2000.

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2

Chun, Clayton K. S. Shooting down a star: Program 437, the US nuclear ASAT system and present-day copycat killers. Air University Press, 1999.

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Mastalir, Anthony J. The US response to China's ASAT test: An international security space alliance for the future. Air University Press, 2009.

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Mastalir, Anthony J. The US response to China's ASAT test: An international security space alliance for the future. Air University Press, 2009.

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5

M, Ismunandar R., ed. Misteri keris: Memberikan informasi tentang asal-usul keris, sejak jaman Pajajaran sampai Surakarta. Dahara Prize, 1985.

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6

United, States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Arms Control International Security and Science. The President's certification on anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons testing: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security, and Science of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, September 11, 1985. U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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7

Government, U. S., Senate of the United States of America, and U. S. - China Security Review Commission. Indigenous Weapons Development in China's Military Modernization - Report on Anti-Satellite Systems (ASAT), Dongfeng Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile (ASBM), Stealth Fighter Aircraft, Yuan-Class Submarine. Independently Published, 2019.

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8

Government, U. S., House Of Representatives, and Committee on Armed Services. Space Warfighting Readiness: Policies, Authorities, and Capabilities - Threat to Missile Warning and Communication SATCOM Satellites from Russian and Chinese ASAT Weapons, Jamming, and Cyber Attacks. Independently Published, 2019.

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9

Department of Defense. Asian State Responses to China's Space Power Strategy - Military and Civilian Space Programs of India (ISRO), Japan, and Vietnam, Launch Vehicles, Nuclear and BMD, Navigation Satellites, ASAT Weapons. Independently Published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "ASAT Weapon"

1

Dongquan, Cheng, and Huang Zhen. "Banning ASAT Weapons." In Space and Nuclear Weaponry in the 1990s. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12784-9_2.

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2

Abhijeet, Kumar. "Arms Control in Outer Space: ASAT Weapons." In Recent Developments in Space Law. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4926-2_10.

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3

Hafner, Donald, and Bhupendra Jasani. "An Arms Control Proposal Limiting High-Altitude ASAT Weapons." In Strategic Defences and the Future of the Arms Race. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18675-4_25.

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4

Carlo, Antonio, and Nikolaos Veazoglou. "ASAT Weapons: Enhancing NATO’s Operational Capabilities in the Emerging Space Dependent Era." In Modelling and Simulation for Autonomous Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43890-6_34.

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5

Doyle, Gerry. "Anti-satellite (ASAT) weapon." In Elgar Encyclopedia of Space Policy and Governance. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803925479.00008.

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6

Rapp, Lucien. "Weapon (Space Weapon, Anti-satellite Weapons / ASATs)." In The Spationary. Brill | Nijhoff, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004725034_179.

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7

Ma’oz, Moshe. "Asad vs. Rabin." In Syria and Israel. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198280187.003.0007.

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Abstract As might be expected, both Rabin and Asad lost no time in compensating for the heavy losses incurred by their armies in weapons and other equipment in the devastating October war. Thus, in addition to receiving massive arms airlifts during the war, Syria and Israel continued their efforts to obtain more weapons from the USSR and the United States, respectively.

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8

Kraska, James, and Raul Pedrozo. "Naval Operations in Outer Space." In Disruptive Technology and the Law of Naval Warfare. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197630181.003.0009.

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Outer space as a warfighting domain is intimately linked to contemporary armed conflict at sea. Satellites and space objects are increasingly used in support of operational and tactical naval missions. Thus, states have turned toward counterspace operations to gain space superiority and deny military use of this domain to the enemy. These activities include offensive counterspace capabilities, such as direct-ascent anti-satellite weapons (DA-ASAT), electronic warfare, directed energy, and cyber, to deceive, disrupt, deny, degrade, or destroy rival space systems. The Outer Space Treaty prohibits states from placing weapons of mass destruction into orbit around the Earth, install such weapons on celestial bodies, or station such weapons in outer space. But it does not prohibit using space as a medium for delivering nuclear weapons or the use of DA-ASAT weapons against space objects. During naval conflict, enemy military satellites and other space objects are always lawful targets. Civilian and dual-use space satellites may be attacked if they are used by the enemy to conduct or sustain military operations but targeting them requires a proportionality analysis. Consideration must also be given to the potential harmful effects of space debris when attacking satellites.

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9

Su, Jinyuan. "The Legal Challenge of Arms Control in Space." In War and Peace in Outer Space. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197548684.003.0008.

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The research and development, testing, production, storage, and deployment of antisatellite weapons (ASATs) is limited directly by the law of space arms control and indirectly by the law of environmental protection. The former only prohibits the testing and deployment of ASATs in a partial manner, with conventional space-based ASATs and ground-based ASATs unaddressed. The latter may constrain the right to test and use ASATs, by limiting their exterior impact on the environment and/or their potential interference with others’ activities. While the law of environmental protection is complementary to the law of space arms control in protecting the space environment from damage caused by military activities, to address the core issue of space security lies in the strengthening of space arms control itself.

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10

Buono, Stephen, and Aaron Bateman. "A Short History of Space Security." In The Oxford Handbook of Space Security. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197582671.013.2.

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Abstract This chapter provides a brief, whirlwind tour of international space security as it developed—primarily as a feature of US-Soviet rivalry—during the Cold War. With special attention devoted to anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons, the chapter charts the development of US and Soviet military space policy and the concurrent achievements of multilateral space diplomacy at the United Nations. It argues that the first epoch in space security (1957–1991) can be divided into two general periods: one defined by the search for stability and legal norms, the other by growing threats and the search for safety. Following the collapse of the USSR in 1991, some stability emerged, but the ambiguity surrounding the use of space for peaceful and military reasons remained, while new players entered the arena.

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Conference papers on the topic "ASAT Weapon"

1

STEGMAIER, JOSEPH, and MICHAEL GRANNAN. "Kinetic Energy Anti-Satellite Weapon System (KE ASAT WS)." In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1355.

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Pavur, James, and Ivan Martinovic. "The Cyber-ASAT: On the Impact of Cyber Weapons in Outer Space." In 2019 11th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cycon.2019.8756904.

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Reports on the topic "ASAT Weapon"

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Piotrowski, John L. Strategic Defense and ASAT Weapons (speech and briefing),. Defense Technical Information Center, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada338028.

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Raju, Nivedita, and Tytti Erästö. The Role of Space Systems in Nuclear Deterrence. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/nwlc4997.

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This paper is the first of two exploring nuclear escalation risks in connection with the space domain, with a focus on China, Russia and the United States. Space systems are used for multiple civilian and military purposes, including missions related to nuclear deterrence. Consequently, real and perceived military operations targeting space systems may create pathways to nuclear escalation. China, Russia and the USA possess both nuclear weapons and counterspace capabilities and are at risk of being drawn into war with each other through regional conflicts and great power competition. These states have integrated space systems into their nuclear deterrence practices to varying degrees for missile early warning, communications, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), and navigation. These space systems can be vulnerable to attack or interference through counterspace capabilities, including direct-ascent and co-orbital anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons, directed-energy weapons, electronic interference and cyber operations. Each of the three states’ space systems has varying strategic value. Each system is also vulnerable to the known counterspace capabilities of the others. Assessment of these varying values and vulnerabilities lays the ground for further analysis on escalation pathways and risk-reduction measures

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