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Journal articles on the topic 'ASAT Weapon'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

G. Robison, Stephen. "Legality of Non-kinetic ASAT Weapons: A US Perspective on How Technology Outpaces Law." Air and Space Law 47, Issue 4/5 (2022): 491–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2022026.

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Satellite vulnerability increases with every technological development. While these advancements are extraordinary, they also threaten the global economy through Anti-Satellite (ASAT) weapons. Many articles have been presented to show that a kinetic ASAT weapon is illegal under the current international law, but the analysis used fails to capture all ASAT weapons. The ambiguity and vagueness of the current laws and regulations in the Outer Space Treaty, the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and Customary International Law (CIL) all fail to adequately safeguard sa

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2

Daud, Mohammad Rifki, and Amanda Adelina Harun. "International Legal Regulations Concerning Launching of Russian Anti-Satellite Weapon Missiles Reviewed in Space Law Perspective." Estudiante Law Journal 4, no. 2 (2022): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33756/eslaj.v4i2.15943.

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The development of weapons technology is currently very advanced and competitive, one of which is the Anti-Satellite weapon (ASAT) technology. ASAT has become a real threat to the sustainability of the space environment, this is because ASAT has the potential to damage international peace and security, trigger an arms race, and increase the amount of space debris orbiting the earth. The absence of regulations that specifically regulate ASAT makes countries feel free to conduct anti-satellite missile test launches. For example, in 2021 Russia conducted an ASAT test targeting the Cosmos-1408 sat

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Scheiber, Max A. "Kim Jong United: How a Future North Korean ASAT Threat Makes Strange International Bedfellows and Novel Opportunity." Journal of Advanced Military Studies 15, no. 1 (2024): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.20231501006.

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While North Korea does not have a formal direct ascent antisatellite (DA-ASAT) weapon, its missile technology provides some baseline technology to make one, and a DA-ASAT program furthers the ruling Kim Jong Un regime’s strategic goals. Thus, the United States should prepare for this threat now. This article argues that North Korean DA-ASAT weapon is a unique political-military challenge, in that China and Russia—traditional North Korean allies but major space-faring nations—are also threatened by this weapon because of the indiscriminate space debris it creates. This creates aligned interests

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Ghanem, M., O. Abdelsalam, S. Guirgis, and M. Aboel Khair. "Solution of Heat Transfer Problem for Thick Walled Automatic Weapon Barrel Subjected to Continuous Firing." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 17, AEROSPACE SCIENCES (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.2017.22770.

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Claudya, Ribqha, and Irawati Handayani. "The Challenges of Environmental Protection in Outer Space Following Russia’s Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Weapon Test Activities." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 13, no. 2 (2024): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v13i2.83749.

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<p><em>One of the effects of space activities is the creation of space debris that can endanger either the space environment or the Earth’s environment. In response to concerns regarding a swift escalation in space debris, Russia tested its Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Weapon by deploying the PL-19 Nudol missile against its satellite, Cosmos 1408, generating space debris. This situation certainly raises the question of how to protect the environment in space and whether international environmental law that provides a legal framework for protection in the world can also be applied in outer

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6

Stojchevska, Stefani. "The United Nations’ Reso Lution 2325 “Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction” and Its Role in Preventing Terrestrial-Based WMD Utilization Toward Orbiting Space Objects." SEEU Review 15, no. 2 (2020): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2020-0022.

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Abstract The 2016 United Nations’ Resolution 2325 “Non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction” manifests one of the greatest challenges for humankind in relation to preventing a global catastrophe, where it reaffirms that the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security. However, regarding the continuous technological developments of terrestrial-based WMD aimed at orbiting space objects in near-Earth orbit, it is crucial to analyze whether, and if so, how 2325 prevents their prolife

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Harahap, Cyril Noor Mohammad. "Aplikasi Teori Offensive Realism Dalam Menjelaskan China Yang Memperkuat Kekuatan Ruang Angkasa Tahun 2021." Jurnal Impresi Indonesia 4, no. 6 (2025): 2033–43. https://doi.org/10.58344/jii.v4i6.6670.

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This study explains that space has become a new domain in the struggle for influence of countries in international relations. Countries have the goal of securing their interests in space for political, economic and military purposes. China is one of the countries that has political interests such as space exploration by launching the first human mission in space in 2003. In its development, China created an exploration program by developing space-based military technology such as the Anti-Satellite (ASAT) counterspace weapon which was launched in 2007. China also formed the PLA Strategic Suppo

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8

Beardsley, Tim. "ASAT: US weapons test criticized." Nature 317, no. 6034 (1985): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317194a0.

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9

Stares, Paul B. "ASAT Weapons: Why Restraint Makes Sense." Brookings Review 5, no. 4 (1987): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20079993.

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10

Czajkowski, Marek. "Anti-Satellite Weapons – Current Status." Roczniki Nauk Społecznych 52, no. 4 (2024): 183–201. https://doi.org/10.18290/rns2024.0043.

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This article is a follow-on to the text this author published in 2021, which contained his view on the state of and prospects for anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons. It aims to review previous findings and predictions, update information on emerging ASAT weapons systems, and provide new strategic assessment relating to the possible development of anti-satellite weapons. The main hypothesis is that anti-satellite weapons are impractical, so the main space powers will most probably not pursue deploying strategically significant quantities of these weapons. The methodology applied in this research res

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11

Gedulyanov, Marat T., and Elena V. Kiyaeva. "Trace elements content in the hair of patients at the maxillofacial surgery department." RUDN Journal of Medicine 26, no. 1 (2022): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-42-50.

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Relevance. The urgency of the problem of traumatism is constantly increasing, which is associated with an increase in road accidents, an increase in the number of interpersonal conflicts, the availability of firearms and cold steel weapon, etc. In addition, the proportion of victims with injuries of the maxillofacial region in a state of alcoholic intoxication is constantly growing. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of trace elements in hospitalized patients with maxillofacial trauma, intoxicated, acute traumatic stress and the study of the effect of trauma on the balan

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Gedulyanov, Marat T., and Elena V. Kiyaeva. "Trace elements content in the hair of patients at the maxillofacial surgery department." RUDN Journal of Medicine 26, no. 1 (2022): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-41-49.

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Relevance. The urgency of the problem of traumatism is constantly increasing, which is associated with an increase in road accidents, an increase in the number of interpersonal conflicts, the availability of firearms and cold steel weapon, etc. In addition, the proportion of victims with injuries of the maxillofacial region in a state of alcoholic intoxication is constantly growing. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of trace elements in hospitalized patients with maxillofacial trauma, intoxicated, acute traumatic stress and the study of the effect of trauma on the balan

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13

Sparks, Matthew. "ASAT Weapons and Their Compliance With IHL and Environmental Law." Air and Space Law 49, Issue 6 (2024): 585–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2024039.

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This article examines the use and testing of anti-satellite (ASAT) missiles as a potential environmental war crime under international humanitarian law (IHL). Such weapons’ production of large quantities of difficult-to-track, hypervelocity orbital debris makes them a serious and long-lasting threat to the productive human use of space.While jurisprudence on environmental war crimes is sparse, there is potentially relevant law that has, thus far, avoided scholarly examination. The 1976 Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD), while not intended to deal with ASAT weapons, contains languag

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14

Sönnichsen, Arne, and Daniel Lambach. "A Developing Arms Race in Outer Space? De-Constructing the Dynamics in the Field of Anti-Satellite Weapons." Sicherheit & Frieden 38, no. 1 (2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0175-274x-2020-1-5.

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Fears about the militarization of space are widespread. For example, the recent development of Anti-Satellite (ASAT) capabilities by rising powers like China and India is often described as a technologically driven arms race. This article takes a social constructivist approach to deconstruct the dynamics of this supposed arms race. Using a case study of Mission Shakti, the 2019 Indian ASAT test, the conclusion is that the ASAT arms race is more complex than it seems at first glance. Most importantly, states seem less motivated by security gains but frequently make status-seeking arguments. Thi

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15

Žilinskas, Justinas, and Tomas Marozas. "Weapons Reviews for ASATs: Assessing Distinction, Proportionality, and Effects on the Natural Environment of Space." Air and Space Law 47, Issue 2 (2022): 209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2022012.

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Kinetic anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons are increasingly being developed and tested in the twentyfirst century. A Chinese ground-to-space missile test in 2007 hastened a new form of ‘space race’ involving other superpowers kinetically destroying their own satellites: in 2008, the USA; in 2019, India; and in 2021, Russia. These tests created large amounts of space debris. Some of this is still orbiting the Earth, some has already collided with other satellites, and some will probably do so in the future. International humanitarian law (IHL) imposes obligations on states to consider whether using

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16

Gheorghe, Adrian V., and Dan V. Vamanu. "Risk and vulnerability games. The anti-satellite weaponry (ASAT)." International Journal of Critical Infrastructures 3, no. 3/4 (2007): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcis.2007.014120.

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17

Petrova, Irina. "Overview of the evolution process of the Soviet and American ASAT weapons in the second half of the XX century." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 5 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760028395-1.

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Russia and the United States have a long history of military-technical rivalry that began after World War II in Soviet-American relations and continues up to this day. This rivalry has been a momentum for the development of many types of military equipment and weapons, including, since the beginning of the space age, anti-satellite weapons. The article provides a detailed analysis of the emergence and development of anti-satellite warfare, their categories and variety of types, as well as technologies applicable in the creation of anti-satellite weapons. In addition, the article traces the rel

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18

Strobeyko, Adam. "Space for Change: The ASAT Tests in Outer Space in Light of the UN Liability Convention." Polish Review of International and European Law 8, no. 1 (2020): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/priel.2019.8.1.04.

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As space exploration is gathering pace, special care must be attributed to preserving outer space as a shared environment that can be explored freely by humankind. Currently, there exists no comprehensive legal framework regulating the use of conventional weapons in outer space. This has been made evident by repeated tests of anti-satellite weapons (ASATs) which took place in the XXI century and produced massive amounts of debris, possibly interfering with the rights of other states to explore space freely. This article examines the rules provided by the UN Liability Convention and their appli

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19

Aboelkhair, M., and H. Yakout. "Effect of Projectile Shape on the Power of Fire in Personal Defense Hand-Held Weapons." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 15, AEROSPACE SCIENCES (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.2018.22125.

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20

Fajarika Ramadania, Haris Supratno, Setya Yuwana, Suhartono, Darni, and Udjang Pairin. "Revitalization of the Novel of the Fire Smoke Cloud By Korrie Layun Rampan (Antropolinguistic Study)." Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture 2, no. 3 (2021): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/lakhomi.v2i3.503.

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The revitalization of Api Awan Asap Novel by Korrie Layun Rampan (Anthropology Study), This study aims to (1) describe language, (2) describe technological systems, (3) describe livelihoods, (4) describe arts, and (5) describe systems religion in the novel Api Cloud Asap by Korrie Layun Rampan. The method in this study uses a descriptive analysis method and an anthropological approach that includes aspects of literary anthropology. The data source in this study is the novel Api Awan Asap by Korrie Layun Rampan. The collection technique in this research is text observation technique and interpr

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21

Syarifatul Fadhilah, Amanda Fathona Fadhila, Universitas Bengkulu, Ema Septaria, and M. Ilham Adepio. "Pelanggaran Asas Good Faith terhadap Perjanjian Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Oleh Korea Utara." Majelis: Jurnal Hukum Indonesia 2, no. 2 (2025): 57–71. https://doi.org/10.62383/majelis.v2i2.634.

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This research examines North Korea's violation of the principle of good faith under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and its legal consequences. The main issue addressed in this study is North Korea’s breach of the good faith principle within the framework of the NPT, which raises legal implications regarding its status and obligations as a party to the treaty. Although North Korea was formally bound by the NPT, it secretly developed a nuclear weapons program, demonstrating non-compliance with the fundamental principle of international treaty implementation. This issue was further ex

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22

Maryani, E. "Food security for drought disaster adaptation in Cireundeu Traditional Village." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 986, no. 1 (2022): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012058.

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Abstract Food security has always been a crucial issue throughout the ages. Therefore, food security is a target that must be completed by 2030 in the sustainable development program launched by the United Nations. Kampung Cireundeu people have a habit on consuming cassava as a staple food, and it received an award for an independent food village in 2007. The purpose of the study is to determine the geographical factors that influence the people of Kampung Cireundeu to use cassava as food. The data collection method used were interviews, literature study, and documentation. The data analysed a

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23

Becerra, Gastón, and María Cristina Paganoni. "INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM “COMMUNICATION IN THE AGE OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES”." Journal of International Legal Communication 9, no. 2 (2023): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32612/uw.27201643.2023.9.pp.99-101.

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The International Colloquium “Communication in the Age of Technological Challenges” brought together scholars from Europe and the Americas in Buenos Aires on May 9th, 2023, in a blended format. The event aimed to facilitate interdisciplinary discussions on the influence of technology on communication within academic fields. With a focus on epistemological, anthropological, and ethical challenges, experts in the fields of sociology, linguistics, media studies, and law explored the implications of technological innovations like big data, machine learning, and AI. The colloquium was jointly hoste

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24

MARSHALL, E. "Working Solar Monitor Shot Down by ASAT: The "dead" target of a space weapons test conducted by the Air Force was alive for the scientists who used it." Science 230, no. 4721 (1985): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.230.4721.44.

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25

MORRISON, D. C. "Year of Decision for ASAT Program: Congress is likely to maintain a ban on antisatellite tests; the Air Force is pushing new technology, including weapons being developed by SDI." Science 236, no. 4808 (1987): 1512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.236.4808.1512.

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26

Musthofa, Imron, I. Nyoman Gede Wardana, and Denny Widhiyanuriyawan. "Peran Senyawa Asam Fulvat dari Air Gambut terhadap Produktivitas Gas Hidrogen dengan Metode Elektrolisis." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 12, no. 3 (2021): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2021.012.03.11.

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Wetlands water is water formed from the breakdown of organic substances found in peatlands. In general, wetlands water has acidic properties (pH<7), besides that the constituent compounds are humic substances, which consist of humic acid, fulvic acid and humin. Of the three acids that can react with air, namely fulvic acid, because this acid can react with all conditions, whether acidic, neutral or alkaline. Meanwhile, humic acid can only react with air in alkaline conditions. So, this research discusses the role of fulvic acid in H2O bonds to produce hydrogen by electrolysis. In the struct

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Mednikova, Maria, Kristina Petrova, and Olga Chechyotkina. "Differentiation of the Population of the Jetyasar Archaeological Culture Based on Paleopathology Data (A Case Study of the Excavated Materials of Altyn-Asar 4 Burial Grounds)." Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik, no. 2 (December 2023): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.2.5.

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For the first time, a contextual consideration of some paleopathological manifestations on the adult skulls from the excavations of the Altyn-Asar 4 (n=363) burial grounds is proposed, which makes it possible to indirectly assess social stratification degree of the population of the Eastern Aral Sea region and the chronological dynamics of some indicators reflecting the quality of life of the population of the era of migrations. Comparison of the total samples selected according to chronology (2nd century BC – 2nd century AD, 2nd – 4th centuries, 4th – 6th centuries) revealed consistently high

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Суханов, Д. А., and К. С. Хайдаков. "APPLICATION OF THE SPECTRAL ANALYSIS METHOD TO THE ATTRIBUTION OF DAMASK BLADES OF THE XVII – XIX CENTURIES." Metallurg, no. 3 (March 27, 2024): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52351/00260827_2024_3_114.

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Статья посвящена одному из важнейших вопросов оружиеведения – историческим булатным клинкам Индо-Персидского региона и методам их атрибуции. Совмещая известные ранее типологические и атрибуционные признаки восточных булатных клинков с изменениями шихты и флюсов тигельной плавки, в исторический период XVII–XIX вв., была выявлена закономерность в наличии или отсутствии определенного количества постоянных примесей в узорчатых (булатных) сталях, которые получили основное распространение в Индо-Персидском регионе. Отмечено, что по химическому составу не все тигельные стали с узором карбидной неодно

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29

Polkowska, Małgorzata. "INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND OUTER SPACE – TODAY’S LAW CHALLENGES." Studia Iuridica, no. 97 (September 20, 2023): 126–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2023-97.8.

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Space security means safe and permanent access to space and limiting threats coming from there. This definition also includes the security aspects of man-made devices sent into space and of ground stations. Space infrastructure can be described as a network of space and ground systems connected by communication channels and allowing access to space. Today, the largest space powers have begun to consider space as an operational domain of warfare. Space more and more often appears to be a field for competition, which might become an arena of conflict. The aim of this article is to present today’

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Luo, Zhaoyang, Jun Kong, Chengji Shen, et al. "Effects of aquifer geometry on seawater intrusion in annulus segment island aquifers." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 12 (2021): 6591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6591-2021.

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Abstract. Seawater intrusion in island aquifers was considered analytically, specifically for annulus segment aquifers (ASAs), i.e., aquifers that (in plan) have the shape of an annulus segment. Based on the Ghijben–Herzberg and hillslope-storage Boussinesq equations, analytical solutions were derived for steady-state seawater intrusion in ASAs, with a focus on the freshwater–seawater interface and its corresponding watertable elevation. Predictions of the analytical solutions compared well with experimental data, and so they were employed to investigate the effects of aquifer geometry on seaw

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Hyung, Yoojin. "A Study on the Transition and Meaning of Iron Spearheads in the Mahan-Baekje Region." Korean Ancient Historical Society 124 (May 30, 2024): 179–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.18040/sgs.2024.124.179.

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The purpose of this study was to classify the types of iron spearhead excavated from the Mahan and Baekje regions, and to examine the process of change and distribution patterns. The morphology of the iron spearhead is determined by the shape of the blade and the degree of protrusion. Classification is conducted primarily based on the shape and width of the blade as well as the overall size of the spearhead. Based on these criteria, iron spearheads are classified into 13 types. It seems that the change of iron spearheads in the Mahan and Baekje regions goes through a four-step process of chang

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Haq, Hilman Syahrial, and M. Taufik Rachman. "PERLINDUNGAN HAK-HAK MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT MELALUI PELEMBAGAAN MEDIASI KOMUNITAS SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA." Media Keadilan: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 13, no. 2 (2022): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jmk.v13i2.11569.

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AbstractThis paper originated from the idea that the implementation of customary law needs to be balanced with the utilization of formal means so that there is no legal gap that can weaken the existence of customary law if the settlement of customary disputes is resolved by the courts based on state law. Institutionalization of community mediation is carried out by institutionally integrating community mediation into the state judicial system through strengthening the peace agreement of the parties in the form of acte vandading to be legally binding as a permanent court decision. Through such

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Prihadi, Prihadi, and Ari Listiyorini. "LATAR BELAKANG ASPEK KEHIDUPAN PADA SISTEM PENAMAAN JALAN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA: KAJIAN ANTROPOLINGUISTIK." LITERA 19, no. 1 (2020): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v19i1.26617.

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Penelitian mengenai onomastika telah beberapa kali dilakukan. Lewat penelitian onomastika dapat dijelaskan penggunaan aspek kebahasaan dan aspek lain seperti sejarah dan budaya, kehidupan, motivasi, serta alasan motivasi dan tujuan penamaan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aspek kehidupan pada sistem penamaan jalan di Yogyakarta sebagai bagian dari keistimewaan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian dibatasi pada Kota Yogyakarta yang memiliki data nama jalan secara formal. Data berupa nama-nama jalan. Sumber data

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Svaček, Ondřej. "Humanitarian Intervention: Fairy Tale about One Swallow Which Made Summer?" International and Comparative Law Review 19, no. 2 (2019): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2019-0018.

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Summary In its final report on aggression and the use of force, the International Law Association opined that the only way in which unilateral humanitarian intervention could possibly be seen as a legal exception to the prohibition of the use of force is if State practice and opinio juris were to be found establishing its status as an additional exception in customary international law. After the airstrikes conducted by the US, the UK, and France against Syria in April 2018, which took place in reaction to unprecedented usage of chemical weapons against civilian population by regime of Bashar

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Kitt, Steve J. "8 How to drive efficiencies in pork production: What are the gaps in knowledge and obstacles?" Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (2020): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.043.

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Abstract Swine nutrition and production has been the cornerstone scientific discipline of the Midwest Section ASAS meeting for decades. During this time, the impact of scientists’ work and the scientific application by swine professionals has been profound. However, if we are to double our food supply by 2050, we have much to do. This presentation will attempt to illustrate contrasting examples of production efficiencies associated with differing production goals, and highlight examples of processes that lead to improved pork production efficiency within the discipline of swine nutrition. This

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Nurhuda, Denny Adrian, and Winci Firdaus. "PENAMAAN DOMBA SEBAGAI MEDIA REKONSTRUKSI SEJARAH DAN BUDAYA: KAJIAN ZOONIMI DI KABUPATEN GARUT (Name of Sheep as a Media of Historical and Culture Reconstruction: A Zoonymy Study in Garut District)." SAWERIGADING 29, no. 1 (2023): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/sawer.v29i1.1198.

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This research is motivated by the practice of naming animals (zoonim), especially the garut sheep in the Priangan region. The purpose of this research is to examine the history of the naming of the sheep and to reconstruct the linguistic name of the garut sheep. This study uses a qualitative approach, namely descriptive analytical method. The data collection techniques used in this study were fishing techniques, all-encompassing techniques, recording techniques, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis begins with collecting data, reducing data, analyzing based on classification. The source o

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Oliveira Pinheiro, F., B. M. Fernandes, S. Garcia, et al. "AB0536 EFFICACY OF TNF INHIBITORS IN MONOTHERAPY VERSUS COMBINATION THERAPY WITH csDMARDs IN PORTUGUESE PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: A REAL-WORLD STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (2021): 1299.2–1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1295.

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Background:Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) are a key therapeutic weapon in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other csDMARDs, which are usually used as first line therapy in these patients, although its efficacy is not as well documented as in other rheumatic diseases. The optimal use of iTNF in PsA, as monotherapy or in combination therapy with csDMARDs, is still under debate.Objectives:We aimed to compare the response to treatment with TNFi in monotherapy and combined with csDMARDs, as first biologic, in patients with PsA.Methods:Retrospe

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O’Meara, Chris. "Self-defence in outer space: Anti-satellite weapons and the jus ad bellum." Leiden Journal of International Law, March 26, 2025, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0922156524000670.

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Abstract Space is an increasingly militarized domain, with the potential to be a source and place of armed conflict. Tests of anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons capable of neutralizing civilian and military satellites have fuelled fears of warfare in that domain. Resulting space debris from ASAT weapon use is of particular concern, as it threatens other satellites in orbit, many of which underpin the operation of human societies and the functioning of global economies. Although states recognize this threat, attempts at weapons control have failed. Instead, we must look to existing international law

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Channa, Zamzam. "Indian Acquisition of Emerging Technologies: Exploring Response Options for Pakistan." Defence Horizon Journal, April 15, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15202088.

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Emerging technologies (ETs) in the military, including AI, Anti-satellite (ASAT) weapon systems, robotics, hypersonic, and cyber weapons, are dubbed “disruptive technologies” because of their potential to pose serious challenges to offensive strategic forces, nuclear command and control, and communications and intelligence systems. These technologies escalate crisis instability by increasing uncertainty. In South Asia, a region that already faces strategic instability, emerging technologies offer both opportunities and challenges. Their rapid integration into military and defence s

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Atif, Ur Rahman Yousafzai. "Indian Anti-satellite Weapon and its Impact on South Asia." October 31, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4244534.

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The discussion revolves around the value and vulnerability of Satellites as the nations that are in possession of these also possess the means to cause damage to them. Nations preserve supplementary benefit if rummage sale is for the betterment of Humanity instead of making the outer space more militarised. India has developed an ASAT Weapon which ignited multiple factors in the subcontinent which has two nuclear weapon states bound together by geographical contiguity. India is ambitiously vying for a global status by enhancing its military and anti-satellite weapon capabilities to make Pakist

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Somo, Angela, Melody Sadler, and Thierry Devos. "Implicit black‐weapon associations weakened over time in increasingly multiethnic metropolitan areas." Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, December 18, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asap.12228.

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Ranjan Kumar Srivastava and Yug Raman Srivastava. "Militarization of Space: Reconciling Anti-Satellite Testing with the Outer Space Treaty Framework." Lex ad Coelum 5, no. I (2025). https://doi.org/10.69953/lac.v5ii.384.

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The international legal dispute concerning anti-satellite (ASAT) testing and the international legal regime in space activities is analyzed in this article against the backdrop of India's 2019 Mission Shakti test, which generated a high volume of debris in low Earth orbit. The research considers how the provisions in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty authorize and forbid ASAT testing by critically analyzing salient treaty provisions. The research explores significant gaps in Article IV, which allows the production of kinetic ASATs since it does not provide for the employment of WMDs in space, but sa

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Ling, Hao, Heqing Huang, Chengpeng Wang, Yuandao Cai, and Charles Zhang. "GiantSan: Efficient Operation-Level Memory Sanitization with Segment Folding." ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, June 14, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1145/3742426.

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Memory safety sanitizers, the sharp weapon for detecting invalid memory operations during execution, employ runtime metadata to model the memory and help find memory errors hidden in the programs. However, location-based methods, the most widely deployed memory sanitization methods thanks to high compatibility, face the low protection density issue: the number of bytes safeguarded by one metadata is limited. As a result, numerous memory accesses require loading excessive metadata, leading to a high runtime overhead. To address this issue, we propose a new shadow encoding with segment folding t

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Asal, Victor, Nazli Avdan, and Gary Ackerman. "Breaking taboos: Why insurgents pursue and use CBRN weapons." Journal of Peace Research, April 1, 2022, 002234332110570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00223433211057021.

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Much ado has been made about the specter of unconventional weapons in the hands of militant groups. Despite the alarmism of the policy community, the pursuit of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear capabilities by non-state actors is rare. What explains why some violent non-state organizations pursue chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons while most do not? Using new data on organizational behaviors and attributes from the Big Allied and Dangerous 2 Insurgency project, we analyze 140 insurgent actors, from 1998 to 2012. We expand previous work by Asal, Ackerman &amp

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Kothari, Sachin A., Mevish S. Siddiq, Scott Rahimi, Manan Shah, and Klepper A. Garcia. "Abstract 1122‐000094: EVD Weaning Criteria Decreases VPS/ETV Placement and Hospital Stay in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients." Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology 1, S1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/svin.01.suppl_1.000094.

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Introduction : The Neurocritical Care Society encourages an external ventricular drain (EVD) wean “as quickly as is clinically feasible” but guidelines on achieving it are limited (1). This study aims to improve quality of care by sharing a protocol to initiate EVD weaning. These criteria were developed over 7 years and showed a reduction in ventriculoperitoneal shunt/endoscopic third ventriculostomy (VPS/ETV) placement and length of stay (LOS) at our institute compared to national averages. Methods : 151 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients from January 2016 to January 2019 were analyzed. 6

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Nugroho, Hari Pudjo. "Mediasi Sebagai Asas Primum Remidium Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pelayanan Kesehatan Berbasis Keadilan Proporsional." Jurnal Hukum dan Etika Kesehatan, March 24, 2025, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30649/jhek.v5i1.235.

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Since the enactment of Law 17/2023, it has opened a new paradigm and confirmed how the mandate for resolving disputes in the health sector is carried out, which places alternative dispute resolution as the main and first thing before other legal remedies are used by the parties to the dispute. As an a contrario logic in the application of criminal law as the ultimum remidium principle, dispute resolution outside of court for dispute cases as regulated in Article 310 of Law 17/2023 is an application of the primum remidium principle. So how the concept of Primum Remidium as a legal order in reso

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Lazuardi, Lazuardi, Maryono Maryono, Muhammad Ali, and Sugeng Hadi Susilo. "Analysis of the Fin Incline Angle on Aerodynamic Stability of 60 mm Caliber Komando Asap Mortgarena Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Method." Evrimata: Journal of Mechanical Engineering, June 30, 2025, 143–50. https://doi.org/10.70822/evrmata.vi.75.

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This study aims to analyze and simulate the aerodynamic performance of the design of a training weapon grenade using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. CFD simulation allows the analysis of airflow around the grenade to identify the distribution of pressure, drag, and aerodynamic coefficients that play an important role in the efficiency of the grenade flight. The grenade design was tested under various conditions of speed and fin angle to understand their effects on stability and flight efficiency. The results of the simulation show that the variation of the mortar grenade with th

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K., Parandhama Gowd. "Innovative Design Considerations for Adaptive Spacecraft." March 1, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1130239.

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Space technologies have changed the way we live in the present day society and manage many aspects of our daily affairs through Remote sensing, Navigation & Communications. Further, defense and military usage of spacecraft has increased tremendously along with civilian purposes. The number of satellites deployed in space in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), and the Geostationary Orbit (GEO) has gone up. The dependency on remote sensing and operational capabilities are most invariably to be exploited more and more in future. Every country is acquiring spacecraft in one way or

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Lie, Ragnar Orten, and Frans-Arne Stylegar. "Veidekongen, olifanten og bøkeskogen." Primitive Tider, no. 23 (December 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/pt.9255.

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This article discusses aspects of aristocratic hunting in theViking and Middle Ages. Falconry requires great knowledgeof birds, dogs and horses and the ability to make theminteract. The hunt itself should involve danger and requiredlarge resources. Falconry and other types of hunting wasassociated with high status, partly because hunting wasconsidered training for war. In the King’s Mirror from the13th century, emphasis is placed on the positive aspects ofhunting, such as allowing the king to maintain his health,and as having sporting fun with hawks, dogs, horses andweapons makes one accustome

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., M. BUSAR, Dr Drs I. Made Pageh, M. Hum ., and Ketut Sedana Arta, S. Pd ,. M. Pd . "JEJAK KEPAHLAWANAN KHR. ASAD SYAMSUL ARIFIN SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH DI MA IBRAHIMI PONDOK PESANTREN SYALAFIYAH SYAFI'IYAH SUKOREJO, SITUBONDO JAWA TIMUR." Widya Winayata: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 8, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jjps.v8i2.18267.

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ABSTRAK  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1) Jejak kepahlawanan Kyai As’ad Samsul Arifin melawan Sekutu dan Belanda, (2) Nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam perjuangan Kyai As’ad Samsul Arifin, (3) Nilai-nilai kepahlawanan Kyai As’ad Samsul Arifin dikemas menjadi sumber belajar Sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif yaitu:(1)Teknik penentuan lokasi penelitian; (2) Teknik penentuan informan; (3) Teknik pengumpulan data (observasi, wawancara, Studi dokumen dan studi fustaka); (4) Teknik validasi data (Triangulasi data, triangulasi metode); (5) Tekn

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