To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Asbestos dust.
Journal articles on the topic 'Asbestos dust'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Asbestos dust.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Plyukhin, A. E., and T. B. Burmistrova. "Occupational bronchopulmonary pathology cause by exposure of chrysotile asbestos." PULMONOLOGIYA, no. 4 (August 28, 2008): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2008-0-4-73-76.
Full textAbstract:
Investigation of various asbestos-induced lung diseases caused by exposure of chrysotile and chrysotile dust allowed description clinical, radiological, and functional features of occurrence, presentation, course, and outcomes of respiratory pathology, such as chrysotile asbestosis, occupational bronchitis and lung carcinoma in workers at asbestos industry. There is a reduction in morbidity of chrysotile asbestosis together with increasing prevalence of chronic bronchitis in modern asbestos industry. Morbidity of asbestosis-induced lung diseases is strongly and directly related to the length of service and level of pollution at the workplace. Preventive measures should include prevention of development of asbestos-induced diseases and rehabilitation of workers aimed to keeping health and restore adaptive reserve.
2
Bartrip, Peter W. J. "‘Enveloped in fog’: The asbestos problem in Britain’s Royal Naval Dockyards, 1949–1999." International Journal of Maritime History 26, no. 4 (2014): 685–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871414553740.
Full textAbstract:
In the twentieth century, asbestos was used extensively in Britain’s Royal Naval Dockyards, especially between the mid-1940s and 1960s. In an era of international tension and conflict, it was invaluable for fire protection and thermal insulation on warships. In 1930, it was established that heavy and prolonged exposure to asbestos dust could cause asbestosis, and from 1931, precautions were required to protect at-risk workers in asbestos factories. These precautions did not apply on ships under construction or undergoing refit or repair in HM Dockyards. Until the 1960s, notwithstanding that asbestos dust was by then linked with two more fatal diseases, health precautions in these yards remained inadequate. Surgeon Commander Peter Harries played a crucial part in recognizing and controlling the occurrence of asbestos-related diseases in the yards. As a result, the occurrence of disease among HM dock workers fell at a time when its incidence was increasing in the wider population.
3
Wang, Yong Yi, and Lin Li. "Research on Dust Pollution and Control Countermeasures in Working Environment of Manufacturing Friction Materials." Advanced Materials Research 773 (September 2013): 857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.857.
Full textAbstract:
On the basis of investigation and survey on Chinese enterprises manufacturing asbestos friction material, it is concluded through analysis that key operation posts and pollution features of dust hazard during the process of manufacturing asbestos friction material in the way of the application of process management and hazard identification. Transport and feeding of asbestos and packing etc, hot briquetting, polishing and stamping punch are important operation posts of asbestos dust dispersing, characterized by wide distribution of dust producing places, difficulty in the implementation of closeness and ventilating measures, and extensive dispersing of asbestos dust following air and stream of people. According to three-E principle of risk management theory and safety production accident prevention, controlling asbestos dust should, based on the improvement of technology and abandonment of the use of older production equipment, comprehensively adopt engineering technology, individual protection and legal measures to prevent and reduce asbestos dust pollution and occupational hazard of enterprises manufacturing asbestos friction material.
4
Berman, Daniel M. "Asbestos and Health in the Third World: The Case of Brazil." International Journal of Health Services 16, no. 2 (1986): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3tgt-utuf-hnwr-gcpk.
Full textAbstract:
Almost all of the asbestos used in Brazil is mined by an enterprise wholly owned by two European multinational companies, which also produce and market over two-thirds (by weight of asbestos) of the products made from asbestos. About 80 percent of the asbestos used in Brazil is finally consumed in the form of asbestos cement: for roof tiles and roofing panels, wall-board, and domestic and industrial water tanks. A survey of consumer literature and advertising printed by Eternit, S.A., and Brasilit, S.A., disclosed no mention of a potential danger from exposure to asbestos dust, and no recommendations for cutting down exposure to that dust. The situation at smaller, Brazilian-owned firms is reputed to be disastrous from the standpoint of workers' exposure to asbestos dust at the point of production. At a large asbestos-cement manufacturing plant owned by Eternit, however, exposure to asbestos dust (according to company records) seemed to be kept under 2.0 fibers per cc., the present standard for the United States.
5
Azarov, V. N., I. V. Stefanenko, and R. A. Burkhanova. "Research of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Asbestos-Cement Dust in the Ventilation Emissions to the Atmosphere." Applied Mechanics and Materials 878 (February 2018): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.878.251.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes the chemical properties of asbestos-cement dust and its effect on the human body. The main sources of dust emission at the enterprise for the production of asbestos-cement have been determined. Also in this research were determined the aerodynamic properties of particles of asbestos dust at the plant for the production of asbestos by method of fractional sedimentation. In the course of the experiment, the dispersion composition of dust was determined by the method of sedimentometry and analysis by means of a microscope and a PC. The dependence of the dust settling rate on the equivalent diameter of a particle in a probability-logarithmic grid is revealed.
6
YATSENKO, Alexandr Sergeevich. "THE STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL AGGRESSIVENESS OF DUST OF ASBESTOSFORMED AND ASBESTOS-FREE COMPOSITIONS, BOTH IN THEIR PRODUCTION AND OPERATION." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 34 (2020): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n34.2020.299_p34_pgs_282_290.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This manuscript provides basic information on the use of asbestos. Some physicochemical properties of the main component of serpentine asbestos (SA, 95% of all used asbestos) and the biological aggressiveness of the following are considered: dust types in the technology of creating asbestos-containing products and during their operation. Attention is also paid to the use of existing asbestos substitutes in similar products. The authors present data verifying that the incidence of asbestos-related diseases, including asbestosis of a professional and unprofessional nature, is increased, especially in the elderly, in the places of production of an SA variety – chrysotile asbestos {CA, aqueous magnesium silicate - Mg6[Si4O10](OH)8}. The authors pay particular attention to the use of CA in the production of asbestos-formed parts/products (AFP), for example, brake linings containing CA and its substitutes. It is known that such products undergo significant zonal stresses during operation. CA fibers lose hygroscopic and constitutional water (H2O = 13.04 – 14.80%) in the process of car braking due to high pressure and increased local temperature. As a result, they almost entirely turn into a non-aggressive (in the biological sense) material called forsterite. Studies of brake dust emitted during the braking of lightweight VAZ vehicles did not reveal similar transformations of СA degradation. They may occur when braking heavy vehicles with a mass of more than 2.5 tons and when braking high-speed trains with a mass of more than 60 tons.
7
Kromhout, Hans, Eleonora Feletto, Monika Moissonnier, et al. "O1C.5 Assessment and assignment of exposure to asbestos for an industrial cohort of chrysotile miners and processors." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (2019): A8.1—A8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.21.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionHistorical dust concentrations are available for an occupational cohort study of workers active for 12 months or more between 1975 and 2010 in a chrysotile mine and processing factories in Asbest, Russian Federation. Their occupational histories were ascertained back to as early as the 1930s. A cohort specific job-exposure matrix (JEM) to estimate exposure to asbestos dust and fibre was elaborated.MethodsAlmost 1 00 000 recorded dust concentrations were used to develop an asbestos dust JEM and previously derived conversion factors were applied to estimate an asbestos fibre JEM. Where dust concentrations were not available, linear mixed models were used to impute missing data. Both JEMs were applied to the occupational histories of over 30 000 individual workers (over 35% female workers) based on job title and year worked.ResultsAssigned exposures varied over time with higher levels in the earlier years of activity. Approximately 97% of 2 00 000 person-years in the factories and 89% of 3 15 000 person-years in the mine had exposure assigned based on actual measurements. The median cumulative dust exposure for the exposed cohort was almost 50 mg/m3-years, with women slightly lower than men. The median cumulative fibre exposure for was 37 fibres/cm3-years for both men and women.Discussion and conclusionA key strength of this study is the availability of high-quality measurement data covering workers’ occupational histories. The dust and fibre JEMs enable estimation of annual profession-specific exposure levels that will form the basis of quantitative exposure estimates in the study and consequently quantitative exposure-response analyses.
8
Obukhova, T. Yu, V. B. Gurvich, L. N. Budkar’, et al. "Th e risk of developing arterial hypertension in workers exposed to fi brogenic dust in asbestosconcentrating industry." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 2 (March 14, 2019): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-2-68-73.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. Occupational factor nowadays is considered an important condition of cardiovascular risk increase, including arterial hypertension growth. With this, study of work conditions infl uence on probable arterial hypertension development and other cardiovascular risk factors appears topical.Objective. To construct prognostic model of probable arterial hypertension development in workers of asbestos-concentrating plant, who are exposed to higher concentration of fi brogenic dust containing chrysotile.Materials and methods. Main group (161 individuals) comprised patients with diagnosed occupational disease (asbestosis), reference group included workers (222 individuals) with long length of service, without occupational diseases. Th e groups matched in age, sex, length of exposure to hazards, smoking index.Results. Findings are high occupational conditionality of left ventricle hypertrophy (relative risk 3.217, att ributable fraction 54.32%). Revealed factors that promote occupationally conditioned arterial hypertension (asbestosis, obesity, increased serum glucose, coronary heart disease, increased heart rate, lower saturation) served as a basis for prognostic model design by logic regression.Conclusion. Mathematic modelling helps to define contribution of occupational and non-occupational factors into arterial hypertension development in workers exposed to fi brogenic dust. Dust factor is an additional risk factor in arterial hypertension development am ong workers engaged into asbestos-concentrating production.
9
Altıntop, Ayşe Selda, and Canan Uraz. "BİNA YIKIM İŞLERİNDE ASBEST MARUZİYETİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ." e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 15, no. 4 (2020): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2020.15.4.1a0464.
Full textAbstract:
Asbestos is a mineral that has a naturally formed fibrous structure and has been used in different areas for centuries with its resistance to heat and chemicals. Asbestos, which is called "Magic Mineral" in the world, has been used in the production of many products in the textile, automotive and chemical industries, shipbuilding and construction sectors. In the last century, when respiratory illnesses and cancers have been encountered in those who work with asbestos and those who breathe the air mixed with asbestos fibers, Asbestos is called "The Evil Dust", "Killer Dust" in the world, and now it has been named "Killer Dust" in our country. Uncontrolled building demolitions as a result of the start of the Ship Recycling Sector and then the urban transformation activities in our country brought the issue of asbestos to the agenda. Old buildings are demolished by assuming that no asbestos is used, and construction waste is disposed of uncontrolled. This study was carried out in order to reveal that asbestos is used in old buildings, building demolition and renovation works are a great danger for employees and residents, and to provide suggestions for safe removal and demolition of materials found to be asbestos in buildings, and it is also aimed to increase "Asbestos Exposure Awareness".
10
Roggli, Victor L., Allen R. Gibbs, Richard Attanoos, et al. "Pathology of Asbestosis—An Update of the Diagnostic Criteria: Report of the Asbestosis Committee of the College of American Pathologists and Pulmonary Pathology Society." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, no. 3 (2010): 462–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/134.3.462.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Asbestosis is defined as diffuse pulmonary fibrosis caused by the inhalation of excessive amounts of asbestos fibers. Pathologically, both pulmonary fibrosis of a particular pattern and evidence of excess asbestos in the lungs must be present. Clinically, the disease usually progresses slowly, with a typical latent period of more than 20 years from first exposure to onset of symptoms. Differential Diagnosis: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis The pulmonary fibrosis of asbestosis is interstitial and has a basal subpleural distribution, similar to that seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is the principal differential diagnosis. However, there are differences between the 2 diseases apart from the presence or absence of asbestos. First, the interstitial fibrosis of asbestosis is accompanied by very little inflammation, which, although not marked, is better developed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Second, in keeping with the slow tempo of the disease, the fibroblastic foci that characterize idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are infrequent in asbestosis. Third, asbestosis is almost always accompanied by mild fibrosis of the visceral pleura, a feature that is rare in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Differential Diagnosis: Respiratory Bronchiolitis Asbestosis is believed to start in the region of the respiratory bronchiole and gradually extends outward to involve more and more of the lung acinus, until the separate foci of fibrosis link, resulting in the characteristically diffuse pattern of the disease. These early stages of the disease are diagnostically problematic because similar centriacinar fibrosis is often seen in cigarette smokers and is characteristic of mixed-dust pneumoconiosis. Fibrosis limited to the walls of the bronchioles does not represent asbestosis. Role of Asbestos Bodies Histologic evidence of asbestos inhalation is provided by the identification of asbestos bodies either lying freely in the air spaces or embedded in the interstitial fibrosis. Asbestos bodies are distinguished from other ferruginous bodies by their thin, transparent core. Two or more asbestos bodies per square centimeter of a 5-μm-thick lung section, in combination with interstitial fibrosis of the appropriate pattern, are indicative of asbestosis. Fewer asbestos bodies do not necessarily exclude a diagnosis of asbestosis, but evidence of excess asbestos would then require quantitative studies performed on lung digests. Role of Fiber Analysis Quantification of asbestos load may be performed on lung digests or bronchoalveolar lavage material, employing either light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, or transmission electron microscopy. Whichever technique is employed, the results are only dependable if the laboratory is well practiced in the method chosen, frequently performs such analyses, and the results are compared with those obtained by the same laboratory applying the same technique to a control population.
11
Koygeldinova, Sholpan S., Serik A. Ibrayev, Lyudmila T. Bazeluk, Aygul K. Kasymova, and Aisulu Ye Talaspayeva. "Phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages in experimental animals exposed to chrosotil– asbestos dust." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 1 (2021): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-1-73-76.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The exposure to dust, including chrysotile asbestos, is known to lead to the mobilization of alveolar macrophages, accompanied by the activation of free radical oxidation and the release of mediators stimulating fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Material and methods. Thirty outbred male rats were divided into two groups: 1 - control with a period of 4 months (n = 15), the 2-experienced group subjected to 4-month seed with chrysotile asbestos dust (n = 15). Under ether anesthesia, animals of the experimental group once were installed intratracheally in the respiratory tract using a syringe 1.0 ml of the sterile saline solution containing a suspension (50 mg) of chrysotile dust - asbestos. Then, the animals were killed, their bronchial washes, centrifuged, smears from the sediment, were subsequently visualized with a microscope. Fat metabolism was assessed by the content of phospholipids in the cell, according to G.A. Merkulov. Determination of hydroxyproline in the pulmonary homogenate. The statistical differences between the two groups were assessed with the Student’s t-test. Data were expressed as mean ± SE. Probability values of p <0.05 were considered significant. Results. The chronic exposure to chrysotile asbestos dust with a period of 4 months was found to causes a decrease in the activity of phagocytic cells and an increase in the destructive forms of alveolar macrophages in bronchoalveolar washes, excessive accumulation of phospholipids and an increase in oxyproline. Pneumofibrosis develops due to the cytotoxic and membrane-damaging effect of chrysotile asbestos dust. Conclusion. Thus, chrysotile asbestos dust from the Zhitikarinsky site, attributed to nanoparticles and multicomponent in chemical composition, has a cytotoxic effect, accompanied by activation of phagocytic pulmonary membrane and membrane-destructive changes in cells with accumulation of phospholipids.
12
Kuzmina, Lyudmila P., Anastasiya G. Khotuleva, Evgeniy V. Kovalevsky, Nikolay N. Anokhin, and Iraklij M. Tskhomariya. "Association of genetic polymorphism of cytokines and antioxidant enzymes with the development of asbestosis." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 60, no. 12 (2020): 898–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-12-898-903.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Various industries widely use chrysotile asbestos, which determines the relevance of research aimed at the prevention of asbestos-related diseases. It is promising to assess the role of specific genes, which products are potentially involved in the development and regulation of certain links in the pathogenesis of asbestosis, forming a genetic predisposition to the disease. The study aims to analyze the presence of associations of genetic polymorphism of cytokines and antioxidant enzymes with asbestosis development. Materials and methods. Groups were formed for examination among employees of OJSC "Uralasbest" with an established diagnosis of asbestosis and without lung diseases. For each person included in the study, dust exposure doses were calculated considering the percentage of time spent at the workplace during the shift for the entire work time. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytokines IL1b (rs16944), IL4 (rs2243250), IL6 (rs1800795), TNFα (rs1800629) and antioxidant enzymes SOD2 (rs4880), GSTP1 (rs1610011), CAT (rs1001179) was carried out. Results. The authors revealed the associations of polymorphic variants A511G IL1b gene (OR=2.457, 95% CI=1.232-4.899) and C47T SOD2 gene (OR=1.705, 95% CI=1.055-2.756) with the development of asbestosis. There was an increase in the T allele IL4 gene (C589T) frequency in persons with asbestosis at lower values of dust exposure doses (OR=2.185, 95% CI=1.057-4.514). The study showed the associations of polymorphism C589T IL4 gene and C174G IL6 gene with more severe asbestosis, polymorphism A313G GSTP1 gene with pleural lesions in asbestosis. Conclusion. Polymorphic variants of the genes of cytokines and antioxidant enzymes, the protein products directly involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of asbestosis, contribute to forming a genetic predisposition to the development and severe course of asbestosis. Using the identified genetic markers to identify risk groups for the development and intense period of asbestos-related pathology will optimize treatment and preventive measures, considering the organism's characteristics.
13
Zaurbekov, Talgat, Kanat Dossaliyev, Zhaksylyk Altybaev, Gulzira Otarbaeva, and Nagima Yesimkhanova. "Study of the discharge rate of dust from asbestos production facilities into the atmosphere." E3S Web of Conferences 474 (2024): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447401037.
Full textAbstract:
Now slate in Kazakhstan is produced at two modern plants in Semey (Semipalatinsk Plant of Asbestos - cement Products LLP-the largest of the two) and Shymkent (Tectum Engineering LLP). Currently, Kazakhstan consumes about 5 million sheets of slate per year, of which last year Kazakh enterprises produced 2.5 million with plans to increase production. Previously, all this volume was imported from abroad. The most loyal consumers are the southern regions, where, due to the hot climate, people remember and know how to handle slate, knowing its properties. For comparison, in Uzbekistan, about 35 million sheets of slate are consumed per year. The production of construction and technical products based on asbestos is accompanied by the formation of a significant amount of asbestos dust. At the same time, the main contribution to atmospheric air pollution is made by dust emissions with particle sizes up to 10 microns. In the industry's established practice, cyclones and bag filters are the most widely used for dedusting emissions. Experience of operation of these devices shows that due to the nature of the physico-chemical properties of asbestos dust required collection efficiency is not achieved (most of the fine fraction with particle sizes less than 5 μm cyclones virtually trapped; bag filters clogged fibrous asbestos dust), resulting in the concentration of dust in the air on the border of the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise is 7-10 times higher than the standard MPC.
14
Bruno, Maria R., Antonella Campopiano, Angelo Olori, Federica Angelosanto, Francesco Sinopoli, and Annapaola Cannizzaro. "Airborne Asbestos Fiber Concentration in Buildings: Surveys Carried Out in Latium (Central Italy)." Minerals 13, no. 2 (2023): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13020233.
Full textAbstract:
In Italy, use and production of asbestos and asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) were banned in 1992, however, the risk of exposure to asbestos still exists, because most ACMs are located in industrial and public buildings. A total of 111 Italian buildings with friable and non-friable ACMs were surveyed; 500 air samples were collected in the areas where contamination might have occurred. Airborne asbestos fiber concentration calculated from air samples was averaged for each building. Statistical analysis of the data showed no significant differences between the mean concentration measured in buildings with friable and non-friable ACMs (p = 0.258). The concentration values were below 2 f/L, the value stated by Italian regulation to ensure that the area is safe to reoccupy after asbestos removal. Samples of settled dust were also collected. The presence of asbestos fibers in the dust showed the occurrence of a release of asbestos from the material. Although the airborne asbestos fiber concentrations measured were low, current Italian regulation requires an asbestos management program. The Public Institution to which the authors of this work belong encourages asbestos removal as the preferred abatement method, in line with the asbestos-free future approach proposed by the European Commission.
15
Olsson, Ann, Evgeny V. Kovalevskiy, Madar Talibov, et al. "Tobacco smoking among chrysotile asbestos workers in Asbest in the Russian Federation." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 77, no. 9 (2020): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-106263.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesA historical cohort study of cancer mortality is being conducted among workers in a chrysotile mine and its enrichment factories in the town of Asbest, Russian Federation. Because individual-level information on tobacco use is not available for Asbest Chrysotile Cohort members, a cross-sectional survey of smoking behaviours was conducted among active and retired workers.MethodsSelf-administered questionnaires were completed by active workers during meetings organised by occupational safety personnel. Retired workers completed questionnaires during meetings of the Veterans Council or were interviewed via telephone or in person. Of the respondents, 46% could be linked to the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort. Among those, logistic regression models were used to assess associations between smoking and cumulative dust exposure.ResultsAmong men, smoking prevalence was high and relatively consistent across birth decades (average, 66%), and was similar in workers across all levels of cumulative dust exposure (p trend, 0.44). Among women, the prevalence increased from <10% in those born before 1960 to 30% in those born after 1980, and smoking was associated with exposure to dust versus not exposed to dust (p value, 0.006), but did not vary appreciably across workers in different cumulative dust exposure categories (p trend, 0.29).ConclusionsOur study suggests that cross-sectional surveys may be a useful tool for understanding the potential health impact from smoking in occupational cohorts, including possible confounding by smoking. This survey showed that adjustment at the age group level among women is needed to reduce residual confounding and account for smoking patterns, which have changed substantially over time.
16
Tskhomariia, Irakly M., and Evgeny V. Kovalevskiy. "Assessment of the possibility of air pollution by asbestos fibres during the operation of road surfaces containing stabilizing asbestos-containing additives." Hygiene and sanitation 101, no. 2 (2022): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-2-146-152.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Using materials containing mineral fibres in road construction requires consideration of the risk of air pollution by fibrous particles. The purpose of the study was to assess the possibility of air pollution by asbestos fibres during the operation of road surfaces containing chrysotile asbestos. Materials and Methods. Nine air samples, three dust samples and one asphalt pavement sample were taken on the federal highway. Results. The concentration of asbestos fibres in the air was below the detection limit of ≤ 0.0001 f/ml. When all nine air samples were examined, no asbestos fibres were found. Two agglomerates and one bundle of chrysotile asbestos fibres were found in all three dust samples, which were most likely a part of the road surface. Most fibres were bound with other particles in a single agglomerate in the asphalt sample. The content of asbestos fibres in all three dust samples was less than 0.1%, and the size of the conglomerates did not fit the definition of “respirable fibres”. Limitations. 1) the assessment of air pollution by asbestos fibres was carried out only at one stage (operation) of the pavement life cycle (from production to disposal); 2) a complete assessment of air pollution on highways by all types of particulate particles was not carried out (only asbestos fibres and other fibrous particles were taken into account). Conclusion. At the time of the study, no atmospheric air pollution by free chrysotile asbestos fibres was detected near the highway; the average concentration for the entire time of sampling, as well as the concentrations in each of the samples, was below the detection limit of the method and amounted to ≤0.0001 f/ml, thereby not exceeding the regulatory indicators provided for both in Russia (Sanitary rules and standards 1.2.3685-21 from 28.01.21) and in Germany (TRGS 519). This study is a single-stage screening study. More research is needed to assess the possibility of air pollution by asbestos fibres throughout the entire life cycle of road surfaces constructed using asbestos-containing stabilizing additives (from production to disposal).
17
Makarov, V. N., R. G. Akhmetov, S. Ya Davydov, and N. V. Makarov. "Research and modeling of the ecological efficiency of drying refractory and building materials in vertical shaft furnaces." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 7 (November 30, 2023): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-7-52-59.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the hypothesis of the dominant effect on the environmental efficiency of drying materials in shaft furnaces of the concentration, median diameter, dispersion, temperature and humidity of dust particles at the outlet of the dryer, a device for thermal aeration separation of dust is proposed. The analysis of mathematical modeling of aerothermodynamic processes in a two-phase medium asbestos dust ‒ gas flow confirmed the conclusions of industrial studies on the influence of aerothermodynamic parameters of direct flow on the temperature and humidity of asbestos dust in the pneumatic dryer. Based on the principle of additive classification, a mathematical model of aeration separation of dust particles directly in the dryer of the shaft furnace is constructed, depending on the parameters of the heat carrier and the proposed device.
18
Stevulova, Nadezda, Adriana Estokova, Marian Holub, Eva Singovszka, and Kornel Csach. "Characterization of Demolition Construction Waste Containing Asbestos, and the Release of Fibrous Dust Particles." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 4048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10114048.
Full textAbstract:
This paper focuses on the characterization of demolition construction waste containing asbestos fibers and the monitoring of fibrous dust released from asbestos–cement products (ACPs) during their removal from a three-story industrial building. Asbestos-containing products removal was carried out according to a demolition management system in terms of protection of workers. The results of a chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared analysis and scanning electron microscopy of demolition waste samples confirmed the same material quality of asbestos–cement (AC) elements used throughout the building. In addition, a MgO/SiO2 ratio corresponding to a serpentine silicate mineral of chrysotile was detected by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis. Also, crystalline phase calcium silicates and calcium carbonates from the cement matrix were identified in the AC waste. The relatively large differences in the elemental analysis between the sample area and the individual points found by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic mapping are related to the composition heterogeneity. The highest content of magnesium occurs where asbestos fibers predominate in the cement matrix. The measured number concentrations of asbestos fibers before, during, and after asbestos–cement products removal were compared to outdoor concentrations. Indoor concentrations of asbestos fibers during the removal of AC materials did not exceed the permissible limit for a working environment (1000 fibers per one m3), except in three spots out of all the working sites inside the building. A relationship between the number and mass concentrations of asbestos dust is shown.
19
Bezrukavnikova, L. M., N. N. Anokhin, and E. S. Tsidilkovskaya. "Association of molecular genetic markers and oxidative stress indices in workers in contact with asbestos dust." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 9 (March 19, 2020): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-560-561.
Full textAbstract:
The studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms EPHX1 (rs1051740), SAD2 (rs4880), MP9 (rs17576) in persons exposed to asbestos dust are associated with elevated levels of lipid peroxidation catabolites, which confirms their significance in the development of asbestos-related bronchopulmonary pathology.
20
Koigeldinova, Sholpan, Alexey Alexeyev, Zhengisbek Zharylkassyn, et al. "Immune Status of Workers with Professional Risk of Being Affected by Chrysotile Asbestos in Kazakhstan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (2022): 14603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114603.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to study the particularities of the immune status of workers in the field of chrysotile asbestos production, depending on their work experience and professional risk of being affected by chrysotile dust. The research covered 125 men, who were workers at the only enterprise dealing with the extraction and beneficiation of chrysotile ores in Kazakhstan. Indicants of cell immunity were detected by flow cytometry; IgA, IgM, and IgG were detected by a multiplex immunological assay. It was found that, among workers impacted by chrysotile asbestos for more than 15 years, compared with individuals who were not impacted by asbestos dust, the level of CD3+ T-cells was decreased (t = −8.76, p < 0.001), as well as the number of CD4+ T-cells (U = 1246.0, p < 0.001). Moreover, CD8+ T-cells increased (t = 5.308, p = 0.001), and neutrophil phagocytic activity also increased, by 1.2 times (U = 305.5, p < 0.001). It was found that working under the condition of professional contact with chrysotile asbestos dust modifies the indicants of humoral immunity, IgA, IgM, and IgG, to a lesser extent than those of cellular immunity.
21
Zahaba, Maryam, Ungku Aida Farzana Ungku Azly, Nur Sarah Fatihah Tamsi, et al. "IDENTIFICATION OF CHRYSOTILE IN BRAKE PADS AND LININGS FROM MALAYSIAN VEHICLES AND HEAVY VEHICLES BY USING POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPE (PLM)." Jurnal Teknologi 85, no. 3 (2023): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19440.
Full textAbstract:
Exposure to types of asbestos such as chrysotile and crocidolite increases respiratory disease risks such as lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. Nevertheless, asbestos products banning in Malaysia is only limited to crocidolite as per stated in OSHA (Prohibition of Use of Substance) Order 1999, though other types are highly suspected to be found in asbestos-containing materials (ACM) like brake pads and linings. This study ascertains the presence of asbestos fibres, particularly chrysotile, in brake pads and linings used in Malaysia's vehicle and heavy vehicle sector. Seven different brake pads; three from vehicle brands, and four from heavy vehicle brands were collected by bulk sampling approaches from the market and field. Dust fibres were extracted using slow grinding method and analysed under Polarized Light Microscope (PLM). The fibre characteristics such as colour, morphology, pleochroism, extinction, and dispersion staining technique were examined, referring the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) 9002. Additionally, the observed samples also were verified by an accredited lab to support the authenticity of the outcome. From the analysis and lab results, chrysotile fibres were consistently detected in all brake pad samples, fulfilling the fibre characteristics and positive elongation signs.
22
Johanning, Eckardt, Mark Goldberg, and Rokho Kim. "Asbestos Hazard Evaluation in South Korean Textile Production." International Journal of Health Services 24, no. 1 (1994): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/27ab-6j6d-udhk-qupk.
Full textAbstract:
The manufacture and use of asbestos-containing products has become the object of restrictive environmental and occupational health regulation in the United States and many European countries. World production, however, has not declined, but rather shifted to developing countries. Our knowledge of the working conditions in these countries is limited. This article describes an investigation conducted in 1991 into the conditions and work practices in asbestos textile manufacturing in South Korea. The findings are based on site visits to several asbestos textile manufacturing facilities, meetings with industrial safety experts, and labor and industry representatives. The authors describe the current status of exposure control technology and industrial hygiene practices, and the results of personal asbestos dust monitoring at five representative textile production workstations. In general, manufacturers and regulatory agencies have not taken the precautions necessary to adequately protect employee health and meet international standards. Worker exposure to asbestos dust well above U.S. and German standards is commonplace in South Korea. International cooperation of health and safety experts with experience in asbestos-related problems should be promoted to improve the level of industrial safety in developing countries.
23
The Lancet Oncology. "Asbestos exposure: the dust cloud lingers." Lancet Oncology 20, no. 8 (2019): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30462-0.
Full text
24
Rödelsperger, K., H. Jahn, B. Brückel, J. Manke, R. Paur, and H. J. Prof Dr Woitowitz Med. "Asbestos dust exposure during brake repair." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 10, no. 1 (1986): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700100108.
Full text
25
Aripova, A. A., T. B. Bissarina, O. V. Bulgakova, A. A. Kussainova, and R. I. Bersimbaev. "Study the level of thymus stromal lymphopoietin in the blood of persons exposed to asbestos." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series 141, no. 4 (2022): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2022-141-4-6-13.
Full textAbstract:
Asbestos dust is classified as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Asbestos particles, binding cations, leach the cell environment. The initiation of the release of dust particles activates the NF-kB signaling cascade, which in turn includes the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as thymus stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). The increased level of these cytokines is directly related to malignant processes in the body. The aim of the study is to study the level of TSLP in the blood serum of people exposed to asbestos. The material for the study was cytokines isolated from the blood serum of 40 exposed to asbestos and 50 healthy people. Peripheral blood samples were collected from workers of the Zhitikara asbestos mining company of the city of Kostanay. The content of the main TSLP levels in blood serum was determined by ELISA the Human TSLP ELISA Kit (Biorbyt Ltd, UK, No. orb138077). The optical density of the reaction products was determined using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 450 nm. The concentration of TSLP in the blood serum was increased 3 times in persons exposed to asbestos compared to the control group (p = 0.000011). The concentration of the level of TSLP can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for a number of diseases that are induced by asbestos.
26
Y.Venkateswara Rao, D.Saidu Hussen and M. Surendra Kumar, V. L. V. Chaithanya, Suleman Khan,. "Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Marble Dust Powder and Al2O3 Reinforced Composites for Brake Pad." February 2023 9, no. 02 (2023): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0902003.
Full textAbstract:
Asbestos poses a high risk to health, such as being carcinogenic and hazardous to the environment, it should not be used in brake pads. Natural ceramics are therefore of interest to researchers because of their excellent properties, affordability, availability, non-toxicity, etc. The mechanical and tribological properties of a non-asbestos brake pad were compared to those of an asbestos brake pad in this study. The brake pads can be replaced by natural ceramics such as marble dust powder, with additives such as aluminium oxide. Epoxy resin is utilized as a binding agent. For increased strength, marble dust powder is used. Abrasive materials are aluminium oxide. This helps to make brake pads with a high friction coefficient and less wear rate with low noise pollution. Catia v5 software the structural model of the brake pad is developed. The objective of the project is natural ceramics as an alternative to asbestos. The outcomes are what matter due to the varying filler compositions' effects on the mechanical and physical qualities. Hardness tests have been performed, and the behavior of materials with various compositions has been researched. The resulting marble slabs' properties regarding water absorption have also been evaluated. KEYWORDS: Composite Material, Marble Dust Powder, Aluminium Oxide, Hand Layup Process
27
Kovalevskiy, Evgeny V., Joachim Schüz, Igor V. Bukhtiyarov, and Sergey V. Kashanskiy. "Experience of cohort formation and data collection in a retrospective cohort epidemiological study." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 61, no. 4 (2021): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-4-253-266.
Full textAbstract:
A retrospective cohort study was carried out to investigate the mortality of workers occupationally exposed to dust containing chrysotile asbestos fibers. In its chemical and physical properties, it differs from the fibers of other types of asbestos and is the only type of asbestos that is currently approved for use in many countries of the world. The members of the cohort are current and former employees who have worked for at least one year at the production sites of the complex of enterprises for the mining and enrichment of chrysotile asbestos (JSC "Uralasbest", Asbest, Sverdlovsk region) in the period from 01.01.1975 to 31.12.2010. Of the 35,837 members of the cohort, 12,729 (35.5%) people died (2,373 of them were malignant neoplasms of various localizations, including 10 mesotheliomas), 18,799 (52.5%) were alive at the end of the observation period (2015), and 4,309 people (12.0%) were censored by the end of 2015. The mean follow-up period was 21.7 years for men and 25.9 years for women. The average age at death was 59.4 years for men and 66.5 years for women. It is currently the world's largest cohort of workers in the field.
28
Dimich-Ward, Helen, Susan M. Kennedy, and Moira Chan-Yeung. "Occupational Exposures and Chronic Airflow Limitation." Canadian Respiratory Journal 3, no. 2 (1996): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/146138.
Full textAbstract:
The recent literature was reviewed to evaluate whether chronic airflow limitation is associated with occupational exposures to dusts. Only those studies that controlled for the effects of smoking were included. There is compelling evidence that exposure to inorganic dusts, such as from coal and hardrock mining or asbestos, are associated with the development of chronic airflow limitation, independently of pneumoconiosis. Nonsmoking gold miners are particularly at high risk of airflow obstruction and emphysema. Findings from studies of organic dusts, such as exposures to wood, cotton, grain or other agricultural dusts, or to mixed dust exposures, were less consistent but tended to show positive dose-response associations. In the majority of studies, no statistical interaction was shown between dust exposures and smoking; however, the effects of the dust exposures were often more pronounced. An occupational history should be considered, in addition to a smoking history, as an integral part of an investigation of chronic airflow limitation in a patient.
29
Obukhova, Tatyana Yu. "Occupational conditionality of cardiovascular diseases in workers exposed to fibrogenic dust." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 11 (February 18, 2019): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-11-56-60.
Full textAbstract:
Using single-factor analysis, the study covered prevalence and occupational conditionality of cardiovascular diseases in workers exposed to fibrogenic dust. The findings are higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, left ventricle myocardium hypertrophy, sinus tachycardia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, fasting hyperglycemia in silicosis and asbestosis patients if compared to refractory and asbestos-enrichment production workers with long length of service. Based on calculated relative risk and etiologic fraction, the authors revealed average occupational conditionality of arterial hypertension (etiologic fraction 45%), high occupational conditionality of left ventricle myocardium hypertrophy (etiologic share 59.7%), sinus tachycardia syndrome and obesity, and extremely high occupational dependence of carbohydrate metabolism (etiologic fraction 77.2%) on fibrogenic dust — that helps to assign this metabolic and cardiovascular disorders to occupationally-conditioned diseases.
30
Al-Ghimlas, Fahad, and Victor Hoffstein. "Pleuroparenchymal Lung Disease Secondary to Nonoccupational Exposure to Vermiculite." Canadian Respiratory Journal 14, no. 3 (2007): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/892610.
Full textAbstract:
An unusual case of pleuroparenchymal lung disease caused by the inhalation of vermiculite dust, presumably containing asbestos fibers is described. The uniqueness of the case lies in the very indirect nature of exposure – the wife of a factory owner, rather than a worker exposed to asbestos, whose factory manufactured vermiculite. The present case illustrates the importance of taking careful occupational histories of all household members when presented with a patient whose chest radiograph exhibits features consistent with asbestos exposure.
31
Millette, James R. "Comparison of Commercial Microvacuum Sampling Cassettes for Settled Dust Analysis." Microscopy Today 6, no. 6 (1998): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500068231.
Full textAbstract:
Three commercially available vacuum samplers (also known as microvacuum samplers or microvacs) were examined for compliance with the Standard ASTM Methods for asbestos in settled dust. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method (D5755-95) for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for Asbestos Structure Number Concentration and the similar Method (D5756-95) for mass require that a sample be collected by vacuuming a known surface area with a standard 25 or 37 mm air sampling cassette using a plastic tube that is attached to the inlet orifice which acts as a nozzle.
32
Kamp, D. W., V. A. Israbian, S. E. Preusen, C. X. Zhang, and S. A. Weitzman. "Asbestos causes DNA strand breaks in cultured pulmonary epithelial cells: role of iron-catalyzed free radicals." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 268, no. 3 (1995): L471—L480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1995.268.3.l471.
Full textAbstract:
Asbestos causes pulmonary fibrosis and various malignancies by mechanisms that remain uncertain. Reactive oxygen species in part cause asbestos toxicity. However, it is not known whether asbestos-induced free radical production causes alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) cytotoxicity by inducing DNA strand breaks (DNA-SB). We tested the hypothesis that asbestos-induced AEC injury in vitro is due to iron-catalyzed free radical generation, which in turn causes DNA-SB. We found that amosite asbestos damages cultured human pulmonary epithelial-like cells (WI-26 cells) as assessed by 51Cr release and that an iron chelator, phytic acid (500 microM), attenuates these effects. A role for iron causing these effects was supported by the observation that ferric chloride-treated phytic acid did not diminish WI-26 cell injury. Production of hydroxyl radical-like species (.OH) was assessed based upon the .OH-dependent formation of formaldehyde (HCHO) in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide. A variety of mineral dusts induced significant levels of .OH formation (nmol HCHO at 30 min: carbonyl iron, 85 +/- 21; amosite asbestos, 14 +/- 2; chrysotile asbestos, 7 +/- 1; titanium dioxide, 2.5 +/- 0.5). Phytic acid significantly diminished the asbestos-induced .OH production. DNA damage to AEC was assessed by the alkaline unwinding, ethidium bromide fluorometric technique. Hydrogen peroxide caused dose-dependent DNA-SB in WI-26 cells after a 30-min exposure period [50% effective dose (ED50): 5 microM] that was similar to other cell lines. Amosite asbestos induced dose-dependent DNA-SB in WI-26, A549, and primary isolated rat alveolar type II cells maintained in culture for 7-10 days (alveolar type I-like). Lower doses of amosite (0.5-5 micrograms/ml or 0.25-2.5 micrograms/cm2) caused significant WI-26 cell DNA-SB after prolonged exposure periods (> or = 2 days). Phytic acid ameliorated DNA damage in all three cultured AEC. There was a direct correlation between mineral dust-induced .OH production at 30 min and DNA-SB in WI-26 cells at 4 h (P < 0.0005). These data suggest that mineral dusts can be directly genotoxic to relevant target cells of asbestos, AEC. Furthermore, these results provide additional support for the premise that iron-catalyzed free radicals mediate asbestos-induced pulmonary toxicity.
33
Roach, Huw D., Gareth J. Davies, Richard Attanoos, Michael Crane, Haydn Adams, and Siân Phillips. "Asbestos: When the Dust Settles—An Imaging Review of Asbestos-related Disease." RadioGraphics 22, suppl_1 (2002): S167—S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.22.suppl_1.g02oc10s167.
Full text
34
Wikeley, N. J. "Measurement of asbestos dust levels in British asbestos factories in the 1930s." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 24, no. 5 (1993): 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700240502.
Full text
35
MUNECHIKA, Michiro. "Preventive treatment against exposure to asbestos dust." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 17, no. 2 (1988): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.17.109.
Full text
36
Zhukova, V., Yu Astakhova, N. Sycheva, Yu Shuvalova, and O. Yakushina. "The problem of asbestos from the standpoint of applied mineralogy." Vestnik of geosciences, no. 10 (December 7, 2022): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2022.10.5.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of asbestos geoecology remains relevant. Asbestos is considered potentially dangerous, because when asbestos-containing materials are destroyed, thin elongated fibers are released and damage organs and tissues of mammals and humans. On the other hand, unique fire-resistant thermal properties of asbestos support using it in a wide range of products.
 Mineralogical study of asbestos ore from the Kiembayevsky deposit, depositing media (dust) and production products used in shipbuilding was carried out by optical microscopy and X-ray analysis.
 We determined that the methods of optical microscopy and X-ray analysis, and, if necessary, their integration, allowed obtaining reliable information about the presence of chrysotile asbestos and its content in various objects, which was necessary for solving problems not only in the geological industry, but also in other areas of the national economy. A quantitative assessment of the content of chrysotile-asbestos, amphibole-asbestos and asbestos-like respirable fibers (natural and artificial) in rocks, technogenic formations (mainly deposit media), and anthropogenic production products is presented.
37
Sindhura, S.Vandana, S.N.V.Siva Gopi and P.Ganesh. "Prevention of an accident from drowsiness and driver safety using deep learning." February 2023 9, no. 02 (2023): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0902035.
Full textAbstract:
Asbestos poses a high risk to health, such as being carcinogenic and hazardous to the environment, it should not be used in brake pads. Natural ceramics are therefore of interest to researchers because of their excellent properties, affordability, availability, non-toxicity, etc. The mechanical and tribological properties of a non-asbestos brake pad were compared to those of an asbestos brake pad in this study. The brake pads can be replaced by natural ceramics such as marble dust powder, with additives such as aluminium oxide. Epoxy resin is utilized as a binding agent. For increased strength, marble dust powder is used. Abrasive materials are aluminium oxide. This helps to make brake pads with a high friction coefficient and less wear rate with low noise pollution. Catia v5 software the structural model of the brake pad is developed. The objective of the project is natural ceramics as an alternative to asbestos. The outcomes are what matter due to the varying filler compositions' effects on the mechanical and physical qualities. Hardness tests have been performed, and the behavior of materials with various compositions has been researched. The resulting marble slabs' properties regarding water absorption have also been evaluated.
38
Raanes, M., and J. Hjelen. "Analysis of Asbestos Fibres in The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) by The Use of Electron Backscattering Diffraction (Ebsd)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 767–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600010722.
Full textAbstract:
Asbestos is a common name of a number of fibrous mineral silicates which differ in chemical composition. The asbestos fibres are classified into two groups: serpentine (chrysotile) and amphiboles (anthophyllite, amosite, actinolite, tremolite, crocidolite).Inhalation of asbestos dust fibres involves a health risk. It is therefore of great importance to develop quick and reliable methods to check for the presence of asbestos fibres in suspected materials. Some common analysis methods for asbestos detection are: optical microscopy scanning or transmission electron microscopies (SEM ,TEM) often combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) in the TEM where the crystal structure is determined.The EBSD technique in the SEM has in this work been applied to achieve electron backscattering patterns (EBSP) from four types of asbestos fibres. The pattern quality has been studied as a function of specimen preparation and SEM settings.
39
VEHMAS, T., P. PALLASAHO, and P. OKSA. "Lung and pleural fibrosis in asbestos-exposed workers: a risk factor for pneumonia mortality." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 11 (2012): 1987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811002810.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYLungs exposed to occupational dust may be especially vulnerable to fatal infections. We followed up asbestos-exposed workers (n=590) originally screened for lung cancer with computed tomography and scored for pleuropulmonary fibrosis. We checked these workers' influenza and pneumonia mortality data (ICD-10 codes J10–J18) in the national register. In total, 191 deaths, including 43 deaths from infectious pneumonia, occurred in 6158 person-years of follow-up (mean follow-up time 10·44 years). ‘Some interstitial fibrosis’ [hazard ratio (HR) 2·26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·98–5·19, P=0·06] and ‘definite interstitial fibrosis’ (HR 3·70, 95% CI 1·22–11·23, P=0·02) were associated with an increased risk of death from pneumonia compared to no fibrosis. Asbestosis patients, i.e. those with both asbestos exposure and lung fibrosis, therefore appear to be particularly at risk for death from pneumonia. These patients should be vaccinated against influenza and Pneumococcus.
40
Łach, Michał, Katarzyna Lichocka, Maria Hebdowska-Krupa, Wei-Ting Lin, and Kinga Korniejenko. "The Use of Geopolymers for the Disposal of Asbestos-containing Materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 322 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032201014.
Full textAbstract:
Asbestos is widely known as a hazardous material and can contribute to many diseases. Its removal and neutralization are complicated, it requires proper preparation and the use of appropriate technology. Immobilization of asbestos materials in geopolymers seems to be one of the alternatives to its storage in landfills. However, this requires several studies confirming the possibility of asbestos immobilization in geopolymers. Also, asbestos dust contains silicon and aluminum, which may prove useful in the production of geopolymers. The paper presents research results regarding the possibility of using geopolymers based on fly ashes for neutralizing asbestos. An up-to-date literature review on the technology of managing asbestos-containing products is presented. As a result of the research, partial usefulness of geopolymerization technology for binding and neutralizing waste with asbestos was found. The research was carried out using waste asbestos-cement composites. Mixtures based on geopolymers were made in which ground asbestos material was introduced in an amount of 30, 50 and 70% by weight. Compressive strength tests have shown that geopolymers with the addition of asbestos have compressive strength: over 34 MPa for a composition containing 30% of asbestos material and about 14 MPa for a composition containing 70% of asbestos material. SEM observations have shown that asbestos fibers do not dissolve in the geopolymer production process and they can still be a threat if the geopolymer matrix is damaged.
41
Oladokun, Taiwo Oseni, Joseph Temitope Stephen, Adeyinka Adebayo, and Gbenga Joshua Adeyemi. "Effect of Moulding Pressure on Brake Lining Produced from Industrial Waste Material: Sawdust." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 6 (2019): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.6.1368.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, asbestos-free brake lining was developed with sawdust. Sawdust was considered an alternative to asbestos, whose dust is carcinogenic. The sawdust from hard wood (mahogany and iroko trees) and other components such as abrasive, reinforcer, lubricant, were sieved into grade of 100 µm and used in production of brake linings. The percentages of sawdust for the samples are 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60. The percentages of abrasives (silicon carbides) were 27, 22, 17, 12 and 7, while binder (resins) lubricant (steel dust) and carbon black (reinforcer) were constant at 13%, 15% and 5% respectively on each sample. The molding pressure load was varied at 10 Mg, 20 Mg, 40 Mg, 60 Mg and 80 Mg during compression process. The brake lining properties examined are hardness, compressive strength and density. Also, the effects of molding pressure on these properties were evaluated. The results obtained show that the higher the molding pressure, the better the physical and mechanical properties. Furthermore, at high molding pressure, the properties reached a limiting point which they tend to be constant. The brake linings based on sawdust were then compared with commercial (asbestos-based) brake lining and the results are in close agreement. Hence, sawdust can be effectively used as filler for replacement of asbestos in brake linings.
42
Oladokun, Taiwo Oseni, Joseph Temitope Stephen, Adeyinka Adebayo, and Gbenga Joshua Adeyemi. "Effect of Moulding Pressure on Brake Lining Produced from Industrial Waste Material: Sawdust." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 6 (2019): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.6.1368.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, asbestos-free brake lining was developed with sawdust. Sawdust was considered an alternative to asbestos, whose dust is carcinogenic. The sawdust from hard wood (mahogany and iroko trees) and other components such as abrasive, reinforcer, lubricant, were sieved into grade of 100 µm and used in production of brake linings. The percentages of sawdust for the samples are 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60. The percentages of abrasives (silicon carbides) were 27, 22, 17, 12 and 7, while binder (resins) lubricant (steel dust) and carbon black (reinforcer) were constant at 13%, 15% and 5% respectively on each sample. The molding pressure load was varied at 10 Mg, 20 Mg, 40 Mg, 60 Mg and 80 Mg during compression process. The brake lining properties examined are hardness, compressive strength and density. Also, the effects of molding pressure on these properties were evaluated. The results obtained show that the higher the molding pressure, the better the physical and mechanical properties. Furthermore, at high molding pressure, the properties reached a limiting point which they tend to be constant. The brake linings based on sawdust were then compared with commercial (asbestos-based) brake lining and the results are in close agreement. Hence, sawdust can be effectively used as filler for replacement of asbestos in brake linings.
43
Abramson, Michael J., Tsitsi Murambadoro, Sheikh M. Alif, et al. "Occupational and environmental risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Australia: case–control study." Thorax 75, no. 10 (2020): 864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-214478.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lung disease of unknown cause characterised by progressive scarring, with limited effective treatment and a median survival of only 2–3 years. Our aim was to identify potential occupational and environmental exposures associated with IPF in Australia.MethodsCases were recruited by the Australian IPF registry. Population-based controls were recruited by random digit dialling, frequency matched on age, sex and state. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographics, smoking, family history, environmental and occupational exposures. Occupational exposure assessment was undertaken with the Finnish Job Exposure Matrix and Australian asbestos JEM. Multivariable logistic regression was used to describe associations with IPF as ORs and 95% CIs, adjusted for age, sex, state and smoking.ResultsWe recruited 503 cases (mean±SD age 71±9 years, 69% male) and 902 controls (71±8 years, 69% male). Ever smoking tobacco was associated with increased risk of IPF: OR 2.20 (95% CI 1.74 to 2.79), but ever using marijuana with reduced risk after adjusting for tobacco: 0.51 (0.33 to 0.78). A family history of pulmonary fibrosis was associated with 12.6-fold (6.52 to 24.2) increased risk of IPF. Occupational exposures to secondhand smoke (OR 2.1; 1.2 to 3.7), respirable dust (OR 1.38; 1.04 to 1.82) and asbestos (OR 1.57; 1.15 to 2.15) were independently associated with increased risk of IPF. However occupational exposures to other specific organic, mineral or metal dusts were not associated with IPF.ConclusionThe burden of IPF could be reduced by intensified tobacco control, occupational dust control measures and elimination of asbestos at work.
44
Azarov, Valery N., I. V. Stefanenko, and R. A. Burkhanova. "On the Regularities of the Concentration Profile of Asbestos-Cement Dust, its Particle Size Distribution Depending on the Height of Working Room and the Methods of Air Exchange Organization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 875 (January 2018): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.875.187.
Full textAbstract:
The dependences of the concentration profile and the particle size distribution of asbestos-cement dust on the dimensions of working room along the horizontal and vertical axes were obtained in the work. The paper considers the dependence of the median size values of dust particles on the methods of air exchange organization in the working room.
45
Cambelova, M., and A. Juck. "Fibrogenic effect of wollastonite compared with asbestos dust and dusts containing quartz." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 51, no. 5 (1994): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.51.5.343.
Full text
46
McConnell, E. E. "Fibrogenic effect of wollastonite compared with asbestos dust and dusts containing quartz." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 52, no. 9 (1995): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.52.9.621.
Full text
47
MG, Kwata. "Asbestos Fibre and Mineral Counts from Filtered Dust Collected in Human Settlements Asbestos Mine Dumps in Mpumalanga Province, Republic of South Africa." Environmental Science: Current Research 7, no. 1 (2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/escr-5020/s1003.
Full textAbstract:
Dust generation sources come from mining sites including mine dumps, crushing, hauling, grinding and offloading of waste material from open pit and underground operation and non-operations, movement of trucks on unpaved roads, etc. Many mine dumps in South Africa are not rehabilitated due to the possibility of re-mining in the case of asbestos dumps or have been abandoned by previous owners for different reasons. Some of the reasons for abandonment include bankruptcy, ineffective enforcement, lack of financial assurance, minimal penalties for non-compliance and commodities like gold, asbestos and coal are affected. Historically, only long asbestos fibres were used for manufacturing purpose. While short fibres were unwanted
48
Philteos, George S. Rashed, Kelly Coverett, Rajni Chibbar, Heather A. Ward, and Donald W. Cockcroft. "Asbestos and Probable Microscopic Polyangiitis." Canadian Respiratory Journal 11, no. 5 (2004): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/341942.
Full textAbstract:
Several inorganic dust lung diseases (pneumoconioses) are associated with autoimmune diseases. Although autoimmune serological abnormalities are common in asbestosis, clinical autoimmune/collagen vascular diseases are not commonly reported. A case of pulmonary asbestosis complicated by perinuclear-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (myeloperoxidase) positive probable microscopic polyangiitis (glomerulonephritis, pericarditis, alveolitis, multineuritis multiplex) is described and the possible immunological mechanisms whereby asbestosis fibres might be relevant in induction of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are reviewed in the present report.
49
Bloise, Andrea, Claudia Ricchiuti, Eugenia Giorno, et al. "Assessment of Naturally Occurring Asbestos in the Area of Episcopia (Lucania, Southern Italy)." Fibers 7, no. 5 (2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7050045.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last few years, the risk to human health related to asbestos fiber exposure has been widely demonstrated by many studies. Serpentinites are the main rocks associated with naturally occurring asbestos (NOA). In order to investigate the presence of NOA, a mineralogical study was conducted on eleven serpentinite samples collected nearby the village of Episcopia (Lucania, Southern Italy). Various analytical techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) were used to determine the occurrence of asbestos minerals and to make morphological observations. Results pointed out that all of the samples contain asbestos minerals (e.g., tremolite, actinolite and chrysotile). Moreover, it was observed that both natural processes and human activity may disturb NOA-bearing outcrops and provoke the formation of potentially inhalable airborne dust causing the release of asbestos fibers into the environment, thereby increasing the risk to human health. For this reason, our study aims to highlight the requirement of a natural asbestos survey and periodic update in the area.
50
Millette, James R. "Reference Methods For Analyzing For Asbestos In Various Media." Microscopy Today 3, no. 10 (1995): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500065640.
Full textAbstract:
Microscopy remains the primary tool for the analysis and quantification of asbestos in occupational and environmental studies. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has recently approved two new Standard Methods for the analysis of asbestos in settled dust. Both methods require the use of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray analysis system. Other methods curently in use require the use of a polarized light microscope {PLM) or phase contrast microscope (PCM).