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Journal articles on the topic 'Ascarid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kajerova, V., V. Barus, and I. Literak. "New records of Ascaridia platyceri (Nematoda) in parrots (Psittaciformes)." Veterinární Medicína 49, No. 7 (March 29, 2012): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5700-vetmed.

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The aim of the study was to determine the range of species of ascarids in parrots in the CzechRepublic. Ascarids were found during post-mortem parasitological examination of 38 psittaciform birds belonging to 15 different species. All ascarids found were determined as Ascaridia platyceri. Nine bird species were determined as new hosts of this parasite. A. platyceri is a typical ascarid for parrots of Australian origin. The fact that this parasite was found in bird species of African origin demonstrated a possibility of spread of A. platyceri to hosts of different zoogeographical origin. A. platyceri was described in detail from the host Melopsittacus undulatus and differentiated from other ascarids on the basis of morphological and quantitative traits. The most important differentiating traits included the presence of interlabia in both sexes. In males, the traits important for species identification included the number and location of caudal papillae (a total of 9 to 10 pairs), relatively short spicula and absence of cuticular alae on the spicula, while females featured a conical shape of the tail.

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2

Deslyper, Gwendoline, Dearbhla M. Murphy, Oluyomi A. Sowemimo, Celia V. Holland, and Derek G. Doherty. "Distinct hepatic myeloid and lymphoid cell repertoires are associated with susceptibility and resistance to Ascaris infection." Parasitology 148, no. 5 (January 12, 2021): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182021000020.

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AbstractThe soil-transmitted helminth Ascaris lumbricoides infects ~800 million people worldwide. Some people are heavily infected, harbouring many worms, whereas others are only lightly infected. The mechanisms behind this difference are unknown. We used a mouse model of hepatic resistance to Ascaris, with C57BL/6J mice as a model for heavy infection and CBA/Ca mice as a model for light infection. The mice were infected with the porcine ascarid, Ascaris suum or the human ascarid, A. lumbricoides and immune cells in their livers and spleens were enumerated using flow cytometry. Compared to uninfected C57BL/6J mice, uninfected CBA/Ca mice had higher splenic CD4+ and γδ T cell counts and lower hepatic eosinophil, Kupffer cell and B cell counts. Infection with A. suum led to expansions of eosinophils, Kupffer cells, monocytes and dendritic cells in the livers of both mouse strains and depletions of hepatic natural killer (NK) cells in CBA/Ca mice only. Infection with A. lumbricoides led to expansions of hepatic eosinophils, monocytes and dendritic cells and depletions of CD8+, αβ, NK and NK T cells in CBA/Ca mice, but not in C57BL/6J mice where only monocytes expanded. Thus, susceptibility and resistance to Ascaris infection are governed, in part, by the hepatic immune system.

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3

Kazacos, Kevin R., Lawrence A. Raymond, Evelyn A. Kazacos, and William A. Vestre. "The Raccoon Ascarid." Ophthalmology 92, no. 12 (December 1985): 1735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(85)34100-3.

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4

Yen, Nguyen Thi Hoang, Nguyen Thi Hop, Tran Hai Thanh, Nguyen Van Phuong, Nguyen Thi Hong Chien, Bui Khanh Linh, and Do Trung Dung. "Detection of Ascaris suum in the Livers of Chickens Infected Naturally by the Nested Multiplex PCR Assay." Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2020.3.2.04.

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This study was conducted to detect Ascaris suum, Toxocara canis, and Toxocara cati in naturally infected chicken livers, and then to provide information related to ascarid infections in humans. Ninety-four chicken liver samples collected at a fresh market were used for this study. DNA was extracted from each minced liver sample (500 mg) by the alkaline lysis method using NaOH 50mM and Tris-HCl (pH 8.0). The nested multiplex PCR assay using ascarid universal primers was applied to amplify the ITS1 ribosomal RNA gene of A. suum, Toxocara canis, and Toxocara cati in all the liver samples. Then, species specific-primers were used to discriminate between A. suum and Toxocara spp. The results showed that 2 of the 94 chicken liver samples detected positive for the presence of A. suum DNA. This study provided useful information and evidence about A. suum infection in humans via exposure to contaminated soil or eating raw/undercooked chicken livers in Vietnam.

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5

THAPA, SUNDAR, STIG M. THAMSBORG, NICOLAI V. MEYLING, SURAJ DHAKAL, and HELENA MEJER. "Survival and development of chicken ascarid eggs in temperate pastures." Parasitology 144, no. 9 (May 9, 2017): 1243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000555.

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SUMMARYEggs of chicken ascarids (Ascaridia galliandHeterakisspp.) are believed to be hardy and survive for long periods. However, this has not been evaluated quantitatively and our study therefore aimed to determine development and recovery of chicken ascarid eggs after burying in pasture soil. Unembryonated eggs were mixed with soil, placed in sealed nylon bags and buried at 7 cm depth in pasture plots April (spring,n= 72) and December 2014 (winter,n= 72). Eight randomly selected bags per season were used to estimate pre-burial egg recovery [0 week post-burial (wpb)]. Eight random bags were removed at 5, 12, 23, 38, 52, 71 wpb per season and additionally at 104 wpb for spring burial. The content of each bag was analysed for numbers and development stages of eggs. Eggs buried in spring were fully embryonated within 12 wpb. In contrast, eggs buried in winter were developing between 23 and 38 wpb, so that all viable eggs seemed to be fully developed by 38 wpb. About 90% eggs disappeared within 23 wpb (spring) and 38 wpb (winter). Small proportions (2–3%) of seemingly viable and infective eggs were still recovered up to 2 years after deposition. In conclusion, most eggs buried in temperate pasture soil seem to experience a heavy mortality within a few months after the deposition, especially during warm periods. However, a small proportion of eggs may survive and remain infective for at least 2 years.

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6

Hawley, Jeffrey H., and Robert J. Peanasky. "Ascaris suum: Are trypsin inhibitors involved in species specificity of Ascarid nematodes?" Experimental Parasitology 75, no. 1 (August 1992): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(92)90126-u.

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7

Parsons, Jim C. "Ascarid Infections of Cats and Dogs." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 17, no. 6 (November 1987): 1307–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(87)50004-3.

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8

Norton, R. A., F. J. Hoerr, F. D. Clark, and S. C. Ricke. "Ascarid-Associated Hepatic Foci in Turkeys." Avian Diseases 43, no. 1 (January 1999): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1592759.

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9

Lyons, E., and S. Tolliver. "Strongyloides westeri and Parascaris equorum: Observations in field studies in Thoroughbred foals on some farms in Central Kentucky, USA." Helminthologia 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-014-0202-2.

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Abstract Observations were made on the intestinal threadworm (Strongyloides westeri) and ascarid (Parascaris equorum) in field studies in 373 Thoroughbred foals on nine farms in Central Kentucky (USA) in 2013. Qualitative examination was made of feces of the foals for presence of S. westeri and P. equorum eggs. The main purpose of the prevalence study was to obtain current data on S. westeri in Thoroughbred foals. This was done to compare these findings with earlier studies in this geographical area where the prevalence of this parasite has been very low the last several decades. All the foals except on one farm had been treated one or more times with a parasiticide before the study. Prevalence of S. westeri in foals was 0 to 3 % on two farms, 6 to 9 % on three farms, and 20 to 51 % on four farms. The prevalence of P. equorum in foals was 0 to 14 % on three farms, 27 to 38 % on three farms, and 46 to 51 % on three farms. Effect of drugs given before the current study, on the prevalence of the two parasitic nematode species, is discussed. Also, three field tests were done by the present authors to evaluate activity of three individual or combination of drugs against ascarids. Evaluation was somewhat limited because, on two of the farms, a relatively small number of foals was passing ascarid eggs before treatment. However, oxibendazole and oxibendazole/piperazine combination were much more efficacious than fenbendazole.

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10

Nguyen, Tien T., M. A. Qasim, Stephen Morris, Cheng-Chan Lu, Dolores Hill, Michael Laskowski, and Judy A. Sakanari. "Expression and characterization of elastase inhibitors from the ascarid nematodes Anisakis simplex and Ascaris suum." Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 102, no. 1 (July 1999): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00088-2.

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11

Jablonski, Daniel, Daniel Koleska, Stephen R. Goldberg, and Charles R. Bursey. "TWO NEW RECORDS OF ASCARID PARASITES OBSERVED IN SNAKES (COLUBRIDAE) OF ALBANIA." Ecologica Montenegrina 11 (July 6, 2017): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2017.11.5.

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12

Setiadi, Riyan Wahyu, Risa Tiuria, and Chairun Nisa. "Kecacingan pada Saluran Pencernaan Trenggiling Jawa (Manis javanica) dan Pengendaliannya." ARSHI Veterinary Letters 1, no. 1 (August 14, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/avl.1.1.11-12.

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Salah satu kendala dalam upaya konservasi Trenggiling jawa secara <em>ex-situ</em> adalah masalah penyakit, salah satunya kecacingan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis cacing saluran pencernaan yang menginfeksi empat ekor Trenggiling jawa,serta mengetahui efektivitas dari anthelmintika yang diberikan. Identifikasi tipe telur, jenis larva, dan derajat infeksi kecacingan dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik parasitologi. Hasil menunjukkan trenggiling yang dipelihara di kandang terinfeksi oleh cacing tipe Strongylid dan Ascarid. Seluruh trenggiling terinfeksi oleh cacing genus Strongylus. Infeksi ganda terjadi pada duaekortrenggiling, masing-masingoleh cacing genus Strongylus dan Trichostrongylus, serta cacing genus Strongylus dan Ascaris. Trenggiling terinfeksi cacing dengan derajat infeksi kategori ringan hingga sedang. Pemberian Albendazole dengan dosis 10 mg/ kgbb setiap pekan mampu menurunkan jumlah telur cacing sebesar 100%.

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13

Al-Talib, A. M., H. S. Al-Dewachi, and M. H. Kasim. "Infection with Ascarid Larvae (a case report)." Public Health 101, no. 3 (May 1987): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(87)80069-0.

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14

Kennedy, M. W. "Immune response toAnisakis simplexand other ascarid nematodes." Allergy 55, Supp59 (January 2000): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.03402.x.

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15

LI, YAN, LILI NIU, QIANG WANG, ZHIHE ZHANG, ZHIGANG CHEN, XIAOBIN GU, YUE XIE, et al. "Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of ascarid nematodes from twenty-one species of captive wild mammals based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences." Parasitology 139, no. 10 (May 1, 2012): 1329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201200056x.

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SUMMARYAlthough ascarid nematodes are important parasites of wild animals of public health concern, few species of ascarids from wild animals have been studied at the molecular level so far. Here, the classification and phylogenetic relationships of roundworms from 21 species of captive wild animals have been studied by sequencing and analysis of parts of the ribosomal 18S and 28S genes and the mitochondrial (mt) 12S gene. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred by 3 methods (NJ/MP/ML) based on the data of single gene sequences and concatenated sequences. Homology analysis indicated that the 18S sequences were conserved among roundworms from all 21 species and that 28S showed interspecies variability. Divergence levels displayed in 12S suggested that 12S appears to be either intra- or interspecifically variable. Evolutionary trees indicated that the ascarids split into 2 families, 4 genera and 7 species, with high bootstrap support for each clade. Combined trees suggested that Baylisascaris ailuri is more closely related to B. transfuga than to B. schroederi. This study provides useful molecular markers for the classification, phylogenetic analysis and epidemiological investigation of roundworms from wild animals.

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16

Tydén, E., A. Engström, D. A. Morrison, and J. Höglund. "Sequencing of the β-tubulin genes in the ascarid nematodes Parascaris equorum and Ascaridia galli." Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 190, no. 1 (July 2013): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2013.05.003.

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17

Siqueira, R. S., R. B. Lucena, R. R. Guerra, V. L. R. Vilela, R. H. Vasconcelos, A. M. G. G. Quaresma, and F. Riet-Correa. "Erratic migration of Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Nematoda: Ascaridida) in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) from illegal wildlife trade: case report." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 73, no. 2 (March 2021): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12143.

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ABSTRACT Ascaridiasis by Ascaridia hermaphrodita is a common parasitic disease in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) and the contamination occurs by ingestion of eggs. Illegal trade of wild birds can increase the frequency of visceral erratic migration by this parasite. Hence, this report describes the erratic migration of A. hermaphrodita and associated lesions in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot. This is a retrospective study, which originated from several apprehension of illegal birds in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Necropsy revealed intense intestinal ascarid infestation. Hepatic lesions were also observed associated with the parasite migration. Stereoscopy allowed the identification of the morphology of the parasites. Summarizing, this condition in wild birds is not fully understood and may be associated with illegal trade.

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18

Peng, Zhiwei, Shijie Liu, Zhijun Hou, and Mingwei Xing. "Ascarid infestation in captive Siberian tigers in China." Veterinary Parasitology 226 (August 2016): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.06.031.

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19

Trailović, S. M., Z. Zurovac, S. Gruborović, D. S. Marjanović, and J. Nedeljković-Trailović. "Presynaptic and postsynaptic regulation of muscle contractions in the ascarid nematode Ascaris suum: a target for drug action." Journal of Helminthology 90, no. 6 (November 27, 2015): 698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x15000978.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the role in contractions of postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, in the bag region of Ascaris suum muscle cells, as well as the role of synaptic receptors between interneurons and motor neurons in the dorsal and ventral nerve cord. We have measured the isometric contractions of isolated segments of A. suum, with or without the nerve cord (dorsal or ventral). Contractions were caused by increasing concentrations of ACh or by electrical field stimulation (EFS). Based on our results, the presence of the nerve cord is essential for the contractile effects of ACh. The EC50 value of ACh for innervated muscle strips was 10.88 μm. Unlike intact (innervated) preparations, there was no contraction of the muscle flaps when the nerve cord was mechanically removed. Furthermore, continuous EFS produced stable contractions of innervated muscle strips, but they are not sensitive to mecamylamine (100 μm). However, GABA (30 μm) significantly inhibited the EFS-induced contractions. EFS with the same characteristics did not cause muscle contractions of denervated muscle strips, but EFS with a wider pulse induced the increasing of tone and irregular contractions. These contractions were completely insensitive to the effect of GABA. The EC50 for ACh did not differ between the dorsal and ventral segments (9.83 μm and 9.45 μm), while GABA exhibited features of competitive and non-competitive antagonists, regardless of whether it acted on the dorsal or ventral segments of A. suum. It is obvious that drugs will be more effective if they act on both the synaptic and extrasynaptic nACh and GABA receptors.

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20

Rahman, Shaziea, Rashida Khatun, Lavely Nahar, and Tanjila Khanum. "Chemotherapy of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Rajshahi division of Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v6i2.43061.

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The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in pigeon (columba livia) at Rajshahi division from 01-01-2016 to 15-12-2016 and to evaluate the comparative efficacy piparazine citrate and levamisole HCL. Total 3 different species of parasites were recorded in this study and those were Ascaridia columbae, Capillilaria obsignata, Raillietina tetragona. Out of 263 pigeon, 109 pigeon having ascarid and capillaria positive were treatment with piparazine citrate and levamisole HCL. The pigeon were treated with recommended (10g mixed in 6 litre drinking water for 100 pigeon) dose of Ascarex® and recommended (1gm mixed in 1 litre drinking water) dose of Avinex® orally, respectively. The recovery rate of ascariasis at 7th days was 50.9% and capillariasis was 51.85%. After 21th days the recovery rate of ascariasis was 72.72% and capillariasis was 66.66%. The efficacy of drugs is more in case of young (77.27% at 7th days and 87.36% at 21th days) than adult (44.82% at 7th days and 65.51% at 21th days).In exotic breeds efficacy is good (60.41% at 7th days and 85.41% at 21th days) than indigenous breeds (44.26% at 7th days and 66.65% at 21th days). The recovery rate is more in traditional (65.3% at 7th days and 78.33% at 21th days) than commercial farming system (42.85% at 7th days and 58.33% at 21th days). Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 323-328, August 2019

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21

Zhu, Xingquan, Robin B. Gasser, and Neil B. Chilton. "Differences in the 5.8S rDNA sequences among ascarid nematodes." International Journal for Parasitology 28, no. 4 (April 1998): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(97)00214-2.

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22

Nielsen, M. K., J. M. Donecker, and C. K. Fenger. "Visualizing ascarid worm burdens in foals by transabdominal ultrasonography." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 39 (April 2016): S47—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.103.

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23

Kilic, Isabel, Manuel Stehr, Mark Hennies, Cornelia C. Metges, Sören Franzenburg, Clemens Falker-Gieske, Jens Tetens, and Gürbüz Daş. "Differentially Expressed Gene Patterns in Ascarid-Infected Chickens of Higher- or Lower-Performing Genotypes." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041002.

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Here, we describe the first transcriptomic investigation of the peripheral blood of chickens exposed to Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum infections. We investigated differentially expressed gene (DEG) patterns in two chicken genotypes with either a higher (Lohmann Brown Plus, LB) or lower (Lohmann Dual, LD) laying performance level. The hens were experimentally coinfected with A. galli and H. gallinarum, and their worm burdens and infection parameters were determined six weeks post infection. Based on most representative infection parameters, the hens were clustered into lower- and higher-infection intensity classes. We identified a total of 78 DEGs contributing to infection-related phenotypic variation in the two genotypes. Our data showed significant upregulation of Guanylate Binding Protein 7 (GBP7) in LD hens, making it a promising candidate for tolerance to ascarid infections in chickens. Gene ontology analysis revealed higher transcriptome activity related to biological processes such as “response to external stimulus” in LB hens, implying a higher stress response in this genotype. In contrast, LD hens showed higher transcriptomic expression of genes related to ontology classes that are possibly associated with a higher tolerance to infections. These findings may help explain why lower-performing genotypes (i.e., LD) are less sensitive to infections in terms of maintaining their performance.

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24

MINE, TAKANAO. "A case that seems to be dog ascarid lava migrans." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 84, no. 2 (1995): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.84.293.

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25

Lozano Maldonado, J., L. Martín Hita, V. Díaz Sáez, I. Mañas Almendros, A. Valero López, and M. Campos Bueno. "Cross-reactivity between antigens ofAnisakis simplexs.l. and other ascarid nematodes." Parasite 11, no. 2 (June 2004): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2004112219.

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26

Aydenizöz Özkayhan, M. "Soil contamination with ascarid eggs in playgrounds in Kirikkale, Turkey." Journal of Helminthology 80, no. 1 (March 2006): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2005311.

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AbstractContamination of soil with feline and canine ascarid eggs in eight playgrounds in Kırıkkale, Turkey was investigated monthly from February 2003 to January 2004. Dog faeces were also collected and all samples were examined using the zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation method. Eggs of Toxocara were observed in 5 of 8 (62.5%) of playgrounds examined and in 15.6% of 480 soil samples. The number of eggs varied from 1 to 11. Eggs were observed in soil samples collected in February, March to June, August and November, with embryonated eggs appearing in June and August. Eggs of Toxascaris leonina and Taenia spp. and oocysts of Isospora spp. were also found in 1.5%, 1.0% and 0.2% of soil samples, respectively. Of 26 samples of dog faeces collected, 7.7% were contaminated with Toxocara spp. and 11.5% with Taenia spp. The presence of Toxocara eggs in the city playgrounds and dog populations suggests a potential human health hazard due to toxocariasis.

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27

Jansson, Désirée S., Ann Nyman, Ivar Vågsholm, Dan Christensson, Magnus Göransson, Oddvar Fossum, and Johan Höglund. "Ascarid infections in laying hens kept in different housing systems." Avian Pathology 39, no. 6 (December 2010): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2010.527923.

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28

Chorazy, Margaret L., and Dennis J. Richardson. "A Survey of Environmental Contamination with Ascarid Ova, Wallingford, Connecticut." Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 5, no. 1 (March 2005): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2005.5.33.

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29

Ishiwata, Kenji, Akio Shinohara, Kinpei Yagi, Yoichiro Horii, Kimiyuki Tsuchiya, and Yukifumi Nawa. "Identification of tissue-embedded ascarid larvae by ribosomal DNA sequencing." Parasitology Research 92, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-003-1010-7.

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30

Tsuji, Naotoshi, Kayo Suzuki, Harue Kasuga-Aoki, Yasunobu Matsumoto, Takeshi Arakawa, Kenji Ishiwata, and Takashi Isobe. "Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant Ascaris suum14-Kilodalton Antigen Coupled with Cholera Toxin B Subunit Induces Protective Immunity to A. suum Infection in Mice." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 7285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.12.7285-7292.2001.

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ABSTRACT Animals can be rendered immune to Ascaris parasites by immunization with infectious-stage larvae. The specific parasite gene products that mediate protective responses in ascariasis are unknown. We have identified a cDNA encoding Ascaris suum 14-kDa antigen (As14) and evaluated the vaccinal effect of theEscherichia coli-expressed recombinant protein (rAs14). GenBank analysis showed that As14 has low similarity at the amino acid level to a Caenorhabditis elegans gene product and to antigens of the filarial nematodes but not to other known proteins. In addition, As14 homologues were found to be expressed in human and dog roundworms. In mice that received intranasal administration of rAs14 coupled with cholera toxin B subunit (rAs14-CTB), there was a 64% reduction of recovery of larvae compared with that in the nontreated group. The vaccinated mice showed a significant increase in the total serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and the mucosal IgA responses. Elevation of the rAs14-specific IgE response was also seen. Measurement of the IgG subclasses showed a higher level of IgG1 and a lower level of IgG2a antibody response in the sera of the immunized mice, suggesting that protection was associated with a type II immune response. As14 is the first protective antigen against A. suum infection to be identified. Our immunization trial results in laboratory animals suggest the possibility of developing a mucosal vaccine for parasitic diseases caused by ascarid nematodes.

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31

Kim, Hyeon Cheol, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, Jinho Park, Jeong Gon Cho, Do Hyeon Yu, Joon Seok Chae, Kyoung Seong Choi, and Bae Keun Park. "Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae) from Striped Field Mice, Apodemus agrarius, in Korea." Korean Journal of Parasitology 58, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.403.

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Adult ascarid worms from the field mice, Apodemus agrarius, were observed with a light and scanning electron microscope, and molecularly analized with 18S rRNA gene. In the scanning electron microscope, 3 prominent labia were present in the anterior end of male and female worms, but the interlabia and gubernaculum were absent. Scanning electron micrographs showed cervical alae as vestigial organs that looked like a slightly uplifted superficial sewing stitch. Total 6 pairs of post-cloacal papillae were observed on the tail of the male worms. The tail of female worms was blunt and conical shape with a spine-like structure, mucron. The eggs were sub-globular, coated with the albuminous layer and 73 by 82 μm in average size. The superficial pits of T. apodemi egg (mean 8.6×6.7 μm) are obviously bigger than those of Toxocara spp. The partial sequence of 18S rRNA showed the sequence homology of Toxocara canis (99.6%), Toxocara cati (99.4%), Toxascaris leonina (99.4%), and Toxocara vitulorum (99.2%). Conclusively, it was confirmed that ascarid nematodes, Toxocara apodemi, recovered from striped field mice in Korea are taxonomically conspecific relationship with genus Toxocara and genetic divergence from other Toxocara species.

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Castro, Pablo David Jimenez, and Sarah GH Sapp. "Role of cats in human toxocarosis." Companion Animal 26, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2020.0104.

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Toxocara cati, the feline ascarid, is ubiquitous in domestic cats globally and is increasingly recognised as an important zoonotic species. In the definitive host, infections with the adult ascarid usually do not present any clinical signs; if clinical signs do appear, it is usually in kittens infected with T. cati, especially by the transmammary route. Diseases may include cachexia, a pot-bellied appearance, respiratory disorders, diarrhoea, vomiting, among other signs, and these may present as early as 3 weeks of age. However, infections with Toxocara spp. larvae in paratenic hosts (including humans and many other animals), can result in serious complications from the migration of larvae. Historically, there has been an assumption that Toxocara canis was the most likely cause of Toxocara spp.-related disease; while it is probably true that T. canis is responsible for the majority of infections, it is important that those caused by T. cati are accurately identified so that the contribution of this parasite to human disease can be established and then handled appropriately. Overall, the detection of infections in cats and the control of parasite stages in the environment are essential to minimise the infection risk to other animals or humans.

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Castro, Pablo David Jimenez, and Sarah GH Sapp. "Role of cats in human toxocarosis." Veterinary Nurse 11, no. 9 (November 2, 2020): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2020.11.9.400.

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Toxocara cati, the feline ascarid, is ubiquitous in domestic cats globally and is increasingly recognised as an important zoonotic species. In the definitive host, infections with the adult ascarid usually do not present any clinical signs; if clinical signs do appear, it is usually in kittens infected with T. cati, especially by the trans-mammary route. Diseases may include cachexia, a pot-bellied appearance, respiratory disorders, diarrhoea, vomiting, among other signs, and these may present as early as 3 weeks of age. However, infections with Toxocara spp. larvae in paratenic hosts (including humans and many other animals), can result in serious complications from the migration of larvae. Historically, there has been an assumption that Toxocara canis was the most likely cause of Toxocara spp.-related disease; while it is probably true that T. canis is responsible for the majority of infections, it is important that those caused by T. cati are accurately identified so that the contribution of this parasite to human disease can be established and then handled appropriately. Overall, the detection of infections in cats and the control of parasite stages in the environment are essential to minimise the infection risk to other animals or humans.

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34

Cho, S., M. Egami, H. Ohnuki, Y. Saito, S. Chinone, K. Shichinohe, M. Suganuma, and N. Akao. "Migration behaviour and pathogenesis of five ascarid nematode species in the Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus." Journal of Helminthology 81, no. 1 (March 2007): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x07212118.

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AbstractTo understand the characteristic features of the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, as an animal model of ascarid infections, the migration behaviour and pathogenesis of larvae were investigated in experimentally infected gerbils. Embryonated eggs from each of Toxocara canis,Baylisascaris procyonis, B. transfuga, Ascaris suum, and A. lumbricoides were orally inoculated into gerbils and larvae were recovered from various organs at designated periods. In T. canis-infected gerbils, larvae were present in the liver 3 days after infection and in the skeletal muscle and brain via the heart and lungs at a similar rate. In B. procyonis- and B. transfuga-infected gerbils, larvae were present in the lungs within 24 h after infection, with some having reached the brain by that time. After 24 h, larvae of B. procyonis tended to accumulate in the brain, while those of B. transfuga accumulated in skeletal muscles. In A. suum- and A. lumbricoides-infected gerbils, larvae remained in the liver on day 5 post-infection and elicited pulmonary haemorrhagic lesions, which disappeared 7 days after initial infection. Thereafter, no larvae of any type were recovered. Ocular manifestations were frequently observed in T. canis- and B. procyonis infected gerbils, but were rare in B. transfuga-infected gerbils. In the cases of A. suum and A. lumbricoides, migration to the central nervous system and eyes was extremely rare, and larvae had disappeared by 2 weeks post-infection. Fatal neurological disturbances were observed in B. procyonis-infected gerbils, whereas irreversible non-fatal neurological symptoms were observed in the case of B. transfuga.

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35

Yulmeteva, D. G., and E. V. Podporina. "A case of toxocariasis." Kazan medical journal 67, no. 5 (September 15, 1986): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj70721.

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Toxocarosis is a tissue helminthiasis of zoonotic nature. The disease is caused by permanent migration of canine and feline ascarid larvae in human internal organs and is accompanied by high eosinophilia. Parasite larvae do not adapt to the human body, never reach a mature stage, migrate very long, entering various organs and tissues with the formation of specific eosinophilic granulomas and vasculitis of allergic nature in them.

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Fehlberg, Marta F., Diego S. da Silva, Patrícia Q. Langone, Maria AMP da Silva, Tatiana C. Pesenti, Carolina S. Mascarenhas, Sâmara N. Gomes, et al. "Lagochilascariasis in cats (Felis catus domesticus) in southern Brazil." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 16, no. 12 (April 1, 2014): 1007–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x14525386.

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Lagochilascariasis, a parasitic disease little known in Brazil, is caused by an ascarid nematode that has a peculiar life cycle, with a predilection site for the cervical region in the final hosts: humans, cats and dogs. We aimed to record the occurrence of Lagochilascaris minor in domestic cats from rural areas in the Municipality of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, with reports of clinical signs and the treatment applied.

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Fang, Wenzhen, and Damin Luo. "DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ASCARID SPECIES IN ELASMOBRANCHS FROM TAIWAN STRAIT." Journal of Parasitology 92, no. 4 (August 2006): 822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-694r1.1.

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Lee, Alice C. Y., Peter M. Schantz, Kevin R. Kazacos, Susan P. Montgomery, and Dwight D. Bowman. "Epidemiologic and zoonotic aspects of ascarid infections in dogs and cats." Trends in Parasitology 26, no. 4 (April 2010): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2010.01.002.

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Coletta, Massimo, Giancarlo Falcioni, Antonio Concetti, Franca Ascoli, and Maurizio Brunori. "Ligand-dependent behavior of the hemoglobin from the ascarid Parascaris equorum." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology 870, no. 1 (March 1986): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4838(86)90021-x.

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40

Scare, J. A., P. Dini, J. K. Norris, A. E. Steuer, K. Scoggin, H. S. Gravatte, D. K. Howe, P. Slusarewicz, and M. K. Nielsen. "Ascarids exposed: a method for in vitro drug exposure and gene expression analysis of anthelmintic naïve Parascaris spp." Parasitology 147, no. 6 (February 12, 2020): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020000189.

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AbstractAscarid parasites infect a variety of hosts and regular anthelmintic treatment is recommended for all species. Parascaris spp. is the only ascarid species with widespread anthelmintic resistance, which allows for the study of resistance mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to establish an in vitro drug exposure protocol for adult anthelmintic-naïve Parascaris spp. and report a preliminary transcriptomic analysis in response to drug exposure. Live worms were harvested from foal necropsies and maintained in RPMI-1640 at 37 °C. Serial dilutions of oxibendazole (OBZ) and ivermectin (IVM) were prepared for in vitro drug exposure, and worm viability was monitored over time. In a second drug trial, worms were used for transcriptomic analysis. The final drug concentrations employed were OBZ at 40.1 μm (10 μg mL−1) and IVM at 1.1 μm (1 μg mL−1) for 24 and 3 h, respectively. The RNA-seq analysis revealed numerous differentially expressed genes, with some being potentially related to drug detoxification and regulatory mechanisms. This report provides a method for in vitro drug exposure and the phenotypic responses for Parascaris spp., which could be extrapolated to other ascarid parasites. Finally, it also provides preliminary transcriptomic data following drug exposure as a reference point for future studies of Parascaris spp.

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Islam, SA, MM Rahman, MA Hossain, MGA Chowdhury, and M. Mostafa. "COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF SOME MODERN ANTHELMINTICS AND PINEAPPLE LEAVES WITH THEIR EFFECTS ON CERTAIN BLOOD PARAMETERS AND BODY WEIGHT GAIN IN CALVES." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 3, no. 1 (July 21, 2012): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v3i1.11340.

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A twenty five calves of naturally infected with ascarid parasites were treated with different modern anthelmintics and pineapple leaves to study the comparative efficacy during the period from January to September 1997. The calves were divided into five groups. Groups A, B, C, D were treated with ivermectin (200 ?g / kg SC), albendazole (7.5 mg / kg orally), piperazine citrate (200 mg / kg orally) and pineapple leaves extract (1g / kg orally) respectively and group E was kept as untreated control. On the basis of faecal egg count of ascaris in calves, ivermectin was found to be more effective (100%), followed by piperazine citrate (100% at 28th day of post-treatment), albendazole (92.95% at 28th day of post-treatment) and pineapple leaves extract (51.21% at 7th day). Total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) values significantly (p < 0.05) increased while erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased following treatment. Body weights of treated calves were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in treated calves than the control. Therefore, ivermectin, albendazole and piperazine citate could be used against ascariasis in calves. Although efficacy of pineapple leaves was not encouraging but it may be used as a substitute for other anthelmintics.

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MITSUI, Fukiko, Hironori TOKUMO, Kei SHINAGAWA, Yasumasa ASAMOTO, Hironao KOMATSU, Kunio ISHIDA, Atsushi NAGAO, Hiroki KOMATSU, Kiyomi ARATANI, and Ai HONDA. "Successful Extraction of Ascarid from Biliary Ascariasis Patient with Aid of Endoscope." JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL MEDICINE 53, no. 2 (2004): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2185/jjrm.53.156.

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Nielsen, M. K., E. M. Donoghue, M. L. Stephens, C. J. Stowe, J. M. Donecker, and C. K. Fenger. "An ultrasonographic scoring method for transabdominal monitoring of ascarid burdens in foals." Equine Veterinary Journal 48, no. 3 (August 18, 2015): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evj.12478.

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MARUYAMA, Soichi, Takeshi NINO, Kazuaki YAMAMOTO, and Yasuji KATSUBE. "Parasitism of Toxocara canis Larvae in Chickens Inoculated with the Ascarid Egg." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 56, no. 1 (1994): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.56.139.

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SILVA, PRISCILLA A. DA, VICTOR H. BORBA, JULIANA M. F. DUTRA, DANIELA LELES, ATILA A. S. DA-ROSA, LUIZ F. FERREIRA, and ADAUTO ARAUJO. "A new ascarid species in cynodont coprolite dated of 240 million years." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 1 (March 2014): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201320130036.

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Cynodonts represent the transition from reptiles to mammals. They are classified as synapsids, or tetrapod animals with mammalian characteristics. We present here the finding of helminth eggs in a coprolite identified as of cynodont origin dated of nearly 240 million years. Microscopy revealed the presence of very well preserved intestinal parasite eggs. Up to now we identified an ascarid egg by morphological characteristics. Based on a previous description of the new genus Ascarites Poinar Jr and Boucot 2006 in coprolites of iguanodons from Belgium, we propose a new species, Ascarites rufferi n.sp. in cynodonts, a host that inhabited the Southern Region of Brazil in the Triassic period.

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Thapa, Sundar, Helena Mejer, Stig M. Thamsborg, Jonas D. S. Lekfeldt, Rui Wang, Birgit Jensen, Jakob Magid, and Nicolai V. Meyling. "Survival of chicken ascarid eggs exposed to different soil types and fungi." Applied Soil Ecology 121 (December 2017): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.10.001.

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47

HORAK, P. "Experimental destruction of ascarid ova in sewage sludge by accelerated electron irradiation." Water Research 28, no. 4 (April 1994): 939–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)90102-3.

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48

Campos-da-Silva, Danielle R., Jeanne S. da Paz, Viviane R. Fortunato, Marcus A. V. Beltrame, Luis C. P. Valli, and Fausto E. L. Pereira. "Natural infection of free-range chickens with the ascarid nematode Toxocara sp." Parasitology Research 114, no. 11 (August 29, 2015): 4289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4669-7.

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49

Roche, Kévin, Elsa Pacciani, Raffaella Bianucci, and Matthieu Le Bailly. "Assessing the Parasitic Burden in a Late Antique Florentine Emergency Burial Site." Korean Journal of Parasitology 57, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.587.

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Excavation (2008-2014) carried out under the Uffizi Gallery (Florence, Italy) led to the discovery of 75 individuals, mostly buried in multiple graves. Based on Roman minted coins, the graves were preliminarily dated between the second half of the 4th and the beginning of the 5th centuries CE. Taphonomy showed that this was an emergency burial site associated with a catastrophic event, possibly an epidemic of unknown etiology with high mortality rates. In this perspective, paleoparasitological investigations were performed on 18 individuals exhumed from 9 multiple graves to assess the burden of gastrointestinal parasitism. Five out of eighteen individuals (27.7%) tested positive for ascarid-type remains; these are considered as “decorticated” <i>Ascaris</i> eggs, which have lost their outer mammillated coat. Roundworms (genus <i>Ascaris</i>) commonly infest human populations under dire sanitary conditions. Archaeological and historical evidence indicates that <i>Florentia</i> suffered a period of economic crisis between the end of 4th and the beginning of the 5th centuries CE, and that the aqueduct was severely damaged at the beginning of the 4th century CE, possibly during the siege of the Goths (406 CE). It is more than plausible that the epidemic, possibly coupled with the disruption of the aqueduct, deeply affected the living conditions of these individuals. A 27.7% frequency suggests that ascariasis was widespread in this population. This investigation exemplifies how paleoparasitological information can be retrieved from the analysis of sediments sampled in cemeteries, thus allowing a better assessment of the varying frequency of parasitic infections among ancient populations.

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Irdeeva, Viktoria A., Rudolf S. Arakelyan, Gennadii L. Shendo, Darya S. Aleksashina, Anna M. Sosnina, and Anastasia V. Bolonina. "Food safety by parasitological indicators." Perm Medical Journal 38, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj381135-143.

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Objective. To study the sanitary and parasitological state of food products in Astrakhan Region for their contamination with eggs and larvae of helminths, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa. Materials and methods. The work was carried out on the basis of the Laboratory of Bacteriological and Parasitological Research of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Astrakhan Region in 20152019. A total of 1.430 food samples were examined and 2207 studies were performed during the analyzed period. The number of unsatisfactory samples was 4.6 % (n = 66) the following was found: larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis 84.8 % (n = 56), eggs and metacercariae of Opisthorchis felineus 4.5 % (n = 3), cysts of Entamoeba histolytica, larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + Ascaris lumbricoides 3.0 % (n = 2), eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis 1.5 % (n = 1) and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + Toxocara Canis 1.5 % (n = 1). Results. The largest number of selected and investigated food samples was accounted for fruit and vegetable samples 54.3 % (n = 777), of which 8.4 % (n = 65) of the samples were unsatisfactory. In these samples, larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were found 86.2 % (n = 56) of all positive findings of fruit and vegetable products, eggs of Opisthorchis felineus and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica 3.1 % (n = 2 each), as well as unfertilized eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and eggs of Enterobius vermicularis 1.5 % (n = 1 each). In addition to isolated findings, there were noted cases of mixed invasion: larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + unfertilized eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides-3.1 % (n = 2) and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + eggs of Toxocara canis 1.5 % (n = 1). Conclusions. The presence of Toxocara eggs and strongylid larvae on the samples of fruit and vegetable products indicates soil contamination with feces of invasive animals. The presence of ascarid eggs on food indicates contamination of the soil with the feces of infested persons. The presence of opisthorchis eggs on the samples of cucumbers and tomatoes, and cysts of dysentery amoeba on the samples of cucumbers and cabbage indicates contamination of water used for watering these products with eggs and cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa. The presence of pinworm eggs on cucumbers indicates contact of an infected person with this product. Contamination may have occurred when the product was transported to the laboratory.

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