Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ascolti'

La tesi fornisce un escursus storico sulla nascita dello strumento webradio e la sua evoluzione dal punto di vista tecnico e sociale, intende sostenere l'importanza della rilevazione degli ascolti al fine di poter valutare ed incrementare la profittabilità economica dello strumento e l'effettiva dimensione del fenomeno all'interno del settore dell'intrattenimento. Tale importanza è resa ancor più rilevante dalla constatazione che ad oggi non esiste uno strumento in grado di rilevare ed aggregare queste informazioni, a tal fine viene proposta ed illustrata come soluzione a questa mancanza l'applicativo AudiWebRadio.

Il lavoro di ricerca si inserisce nel solco della letteratura pedagogica legato all’individuazione di un fine ultimo da attribuire alla relazione educativa. L’obiettivo principale sarà, pertanto, quello di cercare un fine all’atto educativo prendendo come riferimento alcuni elementi della società contemporanea post-moderna quali la difficoltà di instaurare relazioni umani solide e la problematicità nel compiere scelte decisive all’interno della propria esistenza. Se il fine del processo educativo risiede nel trasformare l’essere umano in una persona in grado di orientarsi nell’oceano esistenziale, quali possono essere gli strumenti educativi atti al raggiungimento di tale scopo? Il metodo partirà dall’ascolto delle domande esistenziali: è l’interrogarsi continuamente attorno alla propria condizione umana che induce l’individuo a non arrendersi alla omologazione; è lo sviluppo della criticità tramite l’inquietudine suscitata dalla domanda ad aiutare l’uomo a scoprire il suo posto all’interno della vita. I risultati attesi vogliono dimostrare quanto sia necessaria una Teoria pedagogia del perché: una educazione in grado di far nascere nell’educando il primato ermeneutico della domanda. In conclusione: per attuare questo processo di umanizzazione è necessario formare educatori in grado di cogliere la sfida drammatica del tempo presente e portare l’umano a rimpossessarsi delle caratteristiche proprie che lo rendono unica scheggia di mondo con moto diverso.
This research work fits into that field of pedagogical literature which is especially devoted to identifying an ultimate aim for the educational relationship. In particular, the main goal of this work has been to find out such a primary aim for the educational action with reference to the contemporary, postmodern, society, where sound and human relationships are difficult to achieve, and decisive choices about one's life are increasingly difficult to make out. Assuming that the aim of an educational process is to transform human beings into persons with a capacity of directing their lives, what are the most qualified educational tools in order to achieve this goal? Beginning with the existential questions is the first step: the habit of incessant thinking over human condition preserves people from homologation; the uneasiness that arises from deep reflection promotes the development of that critical ability which helps a man to discover his role in life. The results of this work show the need for a “Pedagogical theory of «why»”, as the base for an education able to arise in the learners a consciousness of the hermeneutic supremacy of the «why». In conclusion: to realize this process of humanization, educators must be trained to face the dramatic challenge of our days, and make humans recover their distinctive features that make man the only “splinter of the universe” with a different movement.

La pandemia di COVID-19 sarà senza dubbio ricordata come un evento spartiacque nella storia mondiale, che ha avuto un innegabile impatto su diversi aspetti della vita quotidiana e su diversi settori produttivi. Anche l'industria televisiva ha subito gli effetti della pandemia, e nel corso dei mesi si è dovuta più volte adattare alla situazione in costante sviluppo. Con questa tesi si intende analizzare l'impatto della pandemia di COVID-19 su questo settore, offrendo una panoramica delle difficoltà affrontate dalle diverse categorie di programmi durante l'emergenza sanitaria e le tipologie di soluzioni adottate. Nella prima parte si analizzeranno gli effetti immediati dell'interruzione delle attività lavorative e sociali e il confinamento in casa, quali i cambiamenti nei livelli di ascolti o nei numeri di abbonati a piattaforme streaming. Si rifletterà inoltre sulla centralità della televisione in questo periodo e sulle modalità con cui diversi programmi hanno continuato la produzione a distanza o sono stati creati da zero nell'ottica del distanziamento sociale. Nella seconda parte si analizzerà la graduale ripresa delle normali attività produttive e il modo in cui la realtà della pandemia è stata affrontata serie scripted, oltre alle misure di sicurezza adottate nella ripresa di programmi unscripted. Nella terza parte si prenderanno in considerazione i cambiamenti nella produzione, la distribuzione e il consumo che si sono verificati durante l'emergenza sanitaria e si tenterà di capire in base alle opinioni di studiosi e professionisti del settore quali tra questi saranno con buone probabilità permanenti e cosa questo potrebbe comportare a medio-lungo termine. Nell'ultima parte, infine, si prenderà in considerazione il caso specifico del talk show Che tempo che fa e si analizzeranno le modifiche da esso messe in atto durante i mesi di emergenza, tanto dal punto di vista produttivo quanto da quello dei contenuti.

La tesi presenta l’analisi relazionale di una Organizzazione di Terzo settore. La ricerca, di stampo qualitativo, si è posta nell’ottica di proseguire nell’approfondimento teorico-metodologico dell’approccio relazionale al Lavoro sociale di rete. Il caso studiato è rappresentato dai Centri di Ascolto di Caritas Ambrosiana, organizzazioni che si trovano in prima linea nel fronteggiamento dei problemi sociali e comunitari. Finalità della ricerca è stata comprendere in che modo le strategie organizzative possono promuovere, o meno, l’adozione di un approccio relazionale al lavoro sociale da parte dei propri operatori impegnati sul campo. Le Organizzazioni di Welfare esprimono relazionalità nella misura in cui i loro attori sono orientati reciprocamente e nei confronti dei destinatari dei loro interventi. L’analisi è stata condotta a tre livelli di definizione delle policy, management e fieldwork, a partire da alcune definizioni di organizzazione che ne mettono in luce i fattori costitutivi quali finalità, personale, strumenti e processi operativi. Per ciascuno di questi fattori organizzativi si sono verificate le dimensioni di relazionalità presenti sia nei contenuti, sia nei processi di definizione degli stessi. Gi studi teorico-metodologici sul lavoro sociale di rete (Folgheraiter 1998; 2007) hanno fornito i riferimenti scientifici per condurre tale analisi relazionale dell’organizzazione dei Centri di Ascolto.
The thesis is a relational analysis of a non-profit organization. The qualitative research has the aim to continue the study of the theoretical and methodological approach of the relational social work. The case study is represented by Counseling Centres of Caritas Ambrosiana (Milan), that are organizations in frontline to cope with the social and community problems. The purpose of the research was to understand how organizational strategies facilitate the practitioners to work in a relational way. The analysis was conducted at three levels: policy making, management and fieldwork. The analysis starts from some definitions of organization that highlight the elements constituting the organizations such as purpose, staff, tools and processes. For each of these organizational elements, the researcher has studied the characteristics of relationality in the content and in the processes for their definition. The theoretical and methodological studies of relational social work (Folgheraiter 1998, 2007) have provided the scientific references to conduct that relational analysis of these organizations.

Ce travail apprehende les deux dernieres oeuvres lyriques du compositeur italien, luciano berio, qui selon sergio segalini ne parvient pas a faire le deuil d'une source d'inspiration cherie, l'opera. Le cheminement, la position dans l'histoire d'un genre, tels sont les problemes souleves. Luciano berio a en effet accompli un periple experimental avec passagio (1962-63) et opera (1960-70) avant de concevoir dans la vera storia (1977-82) l'idee d'une "action musicale", appelation reportee sur la page de frontispice de un re in ascolto (1981-84). Cette derniere oeuvre dans laquelle le compositeur projette son " oreille theatre " marque l'aboutissement d'une carriere de musicien en partie fondee sur la recherche d'une musique qui tout en se transformant parle de l'histoire de l'homme et de son appareil musical. En consequence, l'" action musicale " est un parcours transformationel ou suivant des virtualites dramatiques la frange de contact de la musique et du langage se deplace pour en modifier le niveau de perception et d'intellection. Elle se differencie de l'opera dans la mesure ou le recit n'y est plus le seul catalyseur, le point de convergence de tous les supports de manifestation. Aussi s'il est de tradition de parler des differents sens d'un opera en s'appuyant sur les rapports etroits ou eloignes du texte de la musique et de la scene, il faut envisager ici une mobilite constante degagee des terrorismes narratologiques qui remet en cause l'opera comme genre lineaire conventionnel condamne a developper le recit. A ce titre, ce travail s'interesse a la collaboration avec l'ecrivain italo calvino et considere la question epineuse du livret, terme devenu impropre pour luciano berio. Le texte subit des decoupes, des associations-montages, voire devient un pur materiel sonore au gre des situations sceniques et musicales. Cette breve presentation se conforme au discours de luciano berio mais ne saurait en aucun cas rendre compte d'une analyse rigoureusement suivie et non restrictive , soit notre entree personnelle dans les differents chemins perceptifs. En exteriorisant notre acte d'ecoute c'est aussi l'acces a la lecture des oeuvres que nous pensons avoir facilite
This thesis about opera and "musical action" in la vera storia and un re in ascolto by italo calvino and luciano berio encomparses the last two lyrical works of this italian composer, who according to sergio segalini can't resign himself to the loss of a precious source of inspiration. Luciano berio has indeed achieved an experimental voyage before he conceived in la vera storia the idea of a "musical action", designation which is written on the frontispice page of un re in ascolto. The development and the position in history of a genre are the problems raised. The considerable participation of the librettist italo calvino has not been neglected. The collaboration of the writter and the composer as the tricky issue of the libretto follows a past which is already great. Luciano berio likes musics which, while transforming themselves, talk about the history of manhind and its musical apparatus, with its acoustics, social, intellectual, and expressive aspects. The " musical action " is one of these transformational route where, depending on dramatic virtualities, the fringe of contact between music and language shifts and modifies its level of perception and comprehension. It differs from opera insofar as the nar rative is not the only catalyst, the point on which all media of expression converge, any more. That is why, even is speeches on the different meanings of an opera are traditionally based on the close or loose connections between the text, the music and the stage, here are has to consider a constant mobility, free from the terrors of marrative technique, which questions the opera as a linear conventional genre bound to develop the narrative

Les sermons de Nicoluccio di Ascoli constituent des modèles pour les dominicains et représentent un exemple de la prédication savante délivrée en Italie vers 1340. Les sermons sont envisagés ici comme un discours mythologique qui rend le réel intelligible en utilisant la culture savante. Le prédicateur justifie tout d’abord son rôle social et spirituel en donnant une identité à celui qui prêche et aux publics censés le lire et l'écouter. Il établit ainsi les critères d'une « société de prédication ». Cette construction sociale s'appuie ensuite sur une vaste culture ; trois domaines ont été étudiés. La culture biblique structure l'ensemble des sermons ; la connaissance de l'Antiquité en forme comme un complément et un contrepoint. Le prédicateur utilise aussi la culture savante diffusée dans les studia de son ordre. Le prédicateur se consacre enfin pleinement à l'objectif de toute prédication : offrir une destinée à l'auditeur envisagé en tant qu’individu. Le recueil offre dans ce domaine tout d'abord une image de Dieu. Il présente ensuite un discours moral très développé autour des systèmes des vices grégoriens et de vertus comme la caritas. Il explique enfin le sort de chacun dans l'Au-delà
Niccoluccio di Ascoli’s sermons constitute models for the Dominican friars order and represent an example of learned preaching uttered around 1340. The sermons are, in this study, considered as a mythological speech which explains reality by the means of the learned culture. The preacher justifies his social and spiritual part by attributing an identity to the one preaching and to the audience supposedly reading or listening to him. So he sets in this way the criteria of a “sermon society”. The social construction relies on a vast culture, whose three main fields have been studied. Biblical culture structures the whole of the sermons. Knowledge of Antiquity brings further information and a contrasting argument to the biblical field. Lastly, Niccoluccio di Ascoli uses constantly the learned culture spread by his order studia. Last, the preacher devotes himself entirely to the aim of all preaching : to offer a destiny to the listener, mainly considered as an individual. The compendium gives firstly a picture of God. Then, it presents a well developed speech about the Gregorian system of vices and some virtues as caritas. He explains finally everyone’s fate in the hereafter

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Paris 10, 2005.
Contient un choix d'extraits des "Sermons du temps ordinaire" de Nicoluccio di Ascoli, traduits du latin. Bibliogr. p. 349-374. Index.

Objetivo: Comparar la valoración pronóstica de sobrevivencia de los score ASCOT y TRISS, en pacientes con trauma severo que ingresan a la Unidad de Trauma Shock del Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Únanue. Material y métodos: Diseño y tipo de investigación, de enfoque cuantitativo observacional analítico, transversal, retrospectiva. La recolección de datos se obtuvo de la revisión de historias clínicas de los pacientes admitidos con traumatismo severo del 01 de enero del 2008 al 31 de diciembre del 2010; el dato de sobrevivencia se recogió de la condición de vida del paciente al alta hospitalaria, vivo o fallecido. De los 253 pacientes ingresados, se trabajó con 215 casos. Los datos recolectados han sido ingresados en el programa estadístico SPPS 17.0 para su análisis. La calidad de predicción, calibración y discriminación se determinó con el área bajo la curva ROC, y el test de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow. Resultados: La calibración de la valoración pronostica, realizada con el test H-L 17,36 para ASCOT y 18,45 para TRISS con una correspondencia de 91,6 para ambos scores. La discriminación del área ROC fue de 0,921 y 0,888 para TRISS y ASCOT respectivamente. Sensibilidad y Especificidad de 93,30% y 86 % para ASCOT; 95,20% y 80% para TRISS. Conclusión: ASCOT y TRISS tienen buena exactitud discriminativa para predecir sobrevivencia con un área ROC de 0,888 y 0,92, una alta Sensibilidad de 0,933 y 0,951, buena Especificidad de 0,86 y 0,80 para ASCOT y TRISS respectivamente, similar grado de correspondencia 91,6%. Pero ambos tienen una calibración H-L mayor de 15,5 con 17,36 vs 18,45.
Objective: Compare the prognostic rating of survival of ASCOT and TRISS score in patients with severe trauma admitted to the Shock Trauma Unit Emergency Service Hipolito Unanue National Hospital. Methodology: Design and type of research quantitative approach, observational analytical retrospective. Data collection was obtained from the medical record review, of patients admitted with severe trauma of 2008 January 1 to 2010 December 3. The information of survival was collected from the condition of life of the patient to the hospitable discharge, alive or deceased. Of 253 patients admitted, worked with 215. The collected data have been entered in the SPPS 17.0 statistical software for analysis. The quality of prediction about discrimination was determined with the area under the ROC curve and the Hosmer–Lemeshow (H-L) test for goodness of fit. Results: The calibration of the prognostic assessment, carried out with the HL test for ASCOT 17.36 y 18.45 for TRISS with an accuracy of 91,6 for both scores. Discrimination of ROC area was 0,921 and 0.888 for TRISS and ASCOT respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of 93.30% and 86% for ASCOT 95.20% and 80% for TRISS. Conclusion: ASCOT and TRISS have discriminative accuracy predict survival with an ROC area of 0.888 and 0.92, a high sensitivity of 0.933 and 0.951, good specificity of 0.86 and 0.80 respectively for TRISS and ASCOT similar degree of correspondence 91.6 %. But both have a HL> 15.5 Calibration with 17.36 vs 18.45. Keywords: ASCOT Score, Score TRISS, Survival.
Tesis

OBJETIVO: Establecer el valor pronóstico del método ASCOT aplicado en el paciente con trauma severo que ingresa al Servicio de emergencia MATERIAL Y METODOS : Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y observacional mediante la utilización del índice ASCOT aplicado en los 29 pacientes con trauma severo admitidos en el servicio de emergencia del HNGAI ES Salud del 01 de octubre del 2004 al 31 de marzo del 2005. El análisis estadístico incluyo índices de calibración de Hosmer-Lemeshow; discriminación, área bajo la curva de ROC. RESULTADOS: De los 29 pacientes predominó el sexo masculino con 24 pacientes 82.8% siendo el grupo etareo mas afectado el menor de 54 años con 21 pacientes 72.4% la mortalidad fue mayor en los grupos de 65-74 y 75 –84 años haciendo un total de 17.2%. El mecanismo de lesión mas frecuente fue el de caída y accidentes de transito. La mortalidad fue 31%. (9 pacientes). La sensibilidad y especificidad fue de 0.88 y 0.85 respectivamente, el área bajo la curva ROC = 0.889. La prueba de Hosmer-Lemeshow fue de 10.67 y una p= 0.221 CONCLUSIONES: La calibración y discriminación obtenida en el presente estudio indican que este método de predicción de la mortalidad en pacientes politraumatizados resulta confiable.
--- OBJECTIVE: To establish the value predict of the method ASCOT applied in the patient with trauma severe that to enter of the emergency service. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study descriptive, market and observacional by means of the utilization of the index ASCOT applied in the twenty nine patients with trauma severe admitted in the emergency service of the HNGAI ESSALUD of the one of october of the 2004 to 31 of march of the 2005. The analysis statistician include indexes of calibration of Hosmer Lemeshow; discrimination, area under the curve of ROC. RESULTS: Of them twenty nine patients prevail the masculine sex with twenty four patients 82.8% being the group of age more affected the minor of fifty four years with twenty one patients 72.4% the mortality was major in the groups of 65-74 and 75-84 years doing a whole of 17.2% the mechanism of injury more frequent was of the fall and accidents of traffic. The mortality was 31% (9 patients). The sensibility and especificity was of 0.88 and 0.85 respectively, the area fall the curve ROC= 0.889.The test of Hosmer-Lemeshow was of 10.67 and one P= 0.221. CONCLUSIONS: The calibration and discrimination obtained in the present study they indicate that this method of prediction of the mortality in patients polytraumatized it turns out to be reliable.
Tesis de segunda especialidad

Background: The Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit was developed to measure outcomes of social care in England. In this study, we translated the four level self-completion version (SCT-4) of the ASCOT for use in the Netherlands and performed a cross-cultural validation. Methods: The ASCOT SCT-4 was translated into Dutch following international guidelines, including two forward and back translations. The resulting version was pilot tested among frail older adults using think-aloud interviews. Furthermore, using a subsample of the Dutch ACT-study, we investigated test-retest reliability and construct validity and compared response distributions with data from a comparable English study. Results: The pilot tests showed that translated items were in general understood as intended, that most items were reliable, and that the response distributions of the Dutch translation and associations with other measures were comparable to the original English version. Based on the results of the pilot tests, some small modifications and a revision of the Dignity items were proposed for the final translation, which were approved by the ASCOT development team. The complete original English version and the final Dutch translation can be obtained after registration on the ASCOT website (http://www.pssru.ac.uk/ascot). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that the Dutch translation of the ASCOT is valid, reliable and comparable to the original English version. We recommend further research to confirm the validity of the modified Dutch ASCOT translation. (authors' abstract)

Syftet med denna uppsats är att svara på frågan hur läsare och media reagerade på bloggen Black Ascot i egenskap av en litterär bluff, även kallad en litterär fabrikation. Målet är även att komma fram till hur mottagare av textbaserad kommunikation reagerar på att bli lurade. För att uppnå syftet undersöks läsarnas och medias reception av Black Ascot. Uppsatsen diskuterar även om det finns förklaringar till receptionen i bloggens litterära utformning. I analyserna framkommer det att diskussioner gällande framförallt autenticitet och moral uppstod såväl i media som bland läsarkommentarerna. Trots att negativa reaktioner förekommer i båda undersökningsgrupperna tyder resultatet på att en majoritet av bloggläsarna uppskattade bloggen även som en litterär fabrikation. Enligt uppsatsen beror detta bland annat på bloggens tematik och dess intentionsambivalens.

L'interpretazione, nell'immaginario comune, tende a venire considerata come un processo automatico in cui l'interprete passa meccanicamente da una lingua all'altra. Non si pensa che una prestazione di interpretazione, in realtà, richieda un lavoro rigoroso e puntuale e il continuo sviluppo di abilità cognitive. Questo elaborato ha come obiettivo quello di fornire una visione più ampia di ciò che succede dal momento in cui all'interprete viene commissionato un incarico. La struttura, composta da tre capitoli principali, cerca di evidenziare quelle che sono le tre fasi principali di una prestazione. La prima riguarda la fase previa all'interpretazione vera e propria concentrandosi sulla preparazione e le ricerche che l'interprete è tenuto ad effettuare. La seconda parte mira ad analizzare le componenti psicologiche che entrano in scena nel momento centrale dell'interpretazione. Senza lo sviluppo di queste capacità cognitive, infatti, non sarebbe possibile svolgere questo lavoro, indipendentemente dalla conoscenza linguistica. La terza parte è incentrata sui parametri che permettono di definire la qualità di un'interpretazione. L'obiettivo finale è quello di entrare, almeno in modo fittizio, nella mente di un interprete e fornire una visione meno artificiale di quella che è una professione in cui gli automatismi e i procedimenti meccanici, oltre ad essere estremamente limitanti, garantiscono un profondo insuccesso.

En esta tesis abordamos tres aspectos importantes de los espacios de funciones difusas que son continuas respecto a la métrica supremo cuando están dotados de las topologías más habituales en este contexto. Estudiamos su completitud, metrizabilidad y compacidad. Este último concepto está claramente relacionado con el teorema de Ascoli cuyo resultado generalizamos a un marco más amplio. Por otra parte, estudiamos los problemas de aproximación en los espacios de funciones difusas continuas, no solo utilizando redes neuronales, sino probando resultados más generales, tipo Stone-Weierstrass. Cabe destacar que estos resultados se prueban para funciones difusas que son continuas tanto respecto a la métrica supremo como respecto a la topología de la convergencia de nivel.
In this thesis we deal with three important aspects of the spaces of diffuse functions that are continuous with respect to the supreme metric when they are endowed with the most common topologies in this context. We study its completeness, metrizability and compactness. This last concept is clearly related to the Ascoli theorem whose result we generalize to a wider framework. On the other hand, we studied the problems of approximation in the spaces of continuous diffuse functions, not only using neural networks, but testing more general results, such as Stone-Weierstrass. It should be noted that these results are tested for fuzzy functions that are continuous both with respect to the supreme metric and with respect to the topology of the level convergence.

Purpose Traditionally, researchers have relied on eliciting preferences through face-to-face interviews. Recently, there has been a shift towards using internet-based methods. Different methods of data collection may be a source of variation in the results. In this study, we compare the preferences for the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT) service user measure elicited using best-worst scaling (BWS) via a face-to-face interview and an online survey. Methods Data were collected from a representative sample of the general population in England. The respondents (face-toface: n = 500; online: n = 1001) completed a survey, which included the BWS experiment involving the ASCOT measure. Each respondent received eight best-worst scenarios and made four choices (best, second best, worst, second worst) in each scenario. Multinomial logit regressions were undertaken to analyse the data taking into account differences in the characteristics of the two samples and the repeated nature of the data. Results We initially found a number of small significant differences in preferences between the two methods across all ASCOT domains. These differences were substantially reduced-from 15 to 5 out of 30 coefficients being different at the 5% Level-and remained small in value after controlling for differences in observable and unobservable characteristics of the two samples. Conclusions This comparison demonstrates that face-to-face and internet surveys may lead to fairly similar preferences for social care-related quality of life when differences in sample characteristics are controlled for. With or without a constant sampling frame, studies should carefully design the BWS exercise and provide similar levels of clarification to participants in each survey to minimise the amount of error variance in the choice process.

In this thesis I cover the theoretical framework and the practice based implications of bringing the fundamental principles of a cybernetic art educational strategy, the Groundcourse, which was developed and taught during the 1960’s in England by Roy Ascott, into the virtual, three dimensional builder’s world of the metaverse; to be implemented there as a non-institutional, voluntary, self-directed, adult oriented learning system for avatars – one which is expected to be taught by avatar instructors who will formulate the specifics of their curriculum and their methods based upon the cardinal tenets of the Groundcourse, which have been summarized by Roy Ascott as a flexible structure, “within which everything can find its place, and every individual his way,” which would give dimension and substance to the will to create and to change. In order to be able to set the groundwork for the adaptation of the Groundcourse’s principles to my model I have conducted literature reviews in experiential learning theories, with an emphasis on self-directed learning; as well as cybernetic learning. These I have combined with a survey of play theory and virtual world studies, particularly those focusing upon the avatar and metaverse creativity. From all of these I have woven together a foundation which I have combined with a visual documentation which may serve as case studies for my proposal. The new knowledge embodied through this thesis is a learning system for the creative fields that is designed specifically for the residents of online virtual worlds, and yet has its foundations in an earlier, well established and well regarded model.

Controversy exists whether the adverse effects on glucose metabolism and the increased incidence of new‐onset diabetes (NOD) associated with beta‐blockers and/or diuretics translate into adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, and thereby seriously detract from the beneficial effects of the these agents. Furthermore, little is known about the determinants of NOD among hypertensive patients. Controversy also surrounds the clinical utility of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its role in predicting NOD and CV outcomes. In this thesis I present an evaluation of these issues using the database of the Anglo‐Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial. Increase in the baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass index, serum triglyceride and systolic blood pressure significantly increased the risk for NOD. In contrast, randomisation to amlodipine ± perindopril treatment (in comparison with atenolol ± thiazide), high HDL ‐cholesterol, alcohol use and age over 55 years were significant protective factors. On further analysis, cumulative‐mean glucose (CMG) and FPG were found to be independent and significant risk factors for CV outcomes and death. Allocation to atenolol‐based treatment (vs. amlodipine‐based treatment) was associated with a significantly greater increase in CMG levels, and a progressive worsening of glycaemic status (normoglycaemia, impaired glycaemia and NOD) after 1 year of follow‐up. Worsening glycaemic status was found to have a significant and linear relationship with increased risk of CV outcomes and death. The MetS, after adjustment for its constituent components, was found to be an independent predictor for stroke and death, but not for coronary outcomes. Furthermore, the MetS was associated with a 22% increased risk of NOD, after adjusting for its individual components, and was found to be a significantly better predictor of NOD than impaired fasting glucose. In summary, these data suggest that among hypertensive patients, antihypertensive agents are important determinants for the development of NOD, and the antihypertensive-associated in‐trial glycaemic worsening is associated with increased risk of CV outcomes and death. I have also shown that, in routine clinical practice, the MetS has an important role as an easy‐to‐use predictor for the risk of NOD, CV outcomes and death; and that the increased risk of CV outcomes and death associated with the MetS is independent of the influence of its constituent components.

Denna uppsats tar sin utgångspunkt i PR-världens anammande av bloggar. För denna studie undersöks bloggar som använts i PR- och marknadsföringssyfte där bloggens verkliga avsändare inte varit känd för majoriteten av bloggens läsare. Två specifika bloggar har valts ut för denna studie, bloggen Black Ascot som syftade till att skapa uppmärksamhet kring Malmö Opera samt bloggen Stefan The Swopper som var en del i en kampanj för Posten. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och därigenom ge kunskap om hur bloggar används och utformas i PR- och kampanjverksamhet. Därmed är syftet också att undersöka vilka de strategiska tankegångarna bakom de för uppsatsen utvalda bloggarna varit samt hur dessa bloggar kan anses vara förenliga med gängse PR-etik. Studien utgår från följande tre frågeställningar:

 

• Hur har de PR-präglade bloggarna och dess innehåll utformats i förhållande till dess syften?
• I vilken grad kan användning av bloggar inom PR och marknadsföring medföra några etiska problem?
• Vilken betydelse har bloggarnas dialogiska funktioner i relation till etiska aspekter?

 

Studiens tillvägagångssätt består av att bloggarna i fråga har analyserats med hjälp av brukstextanalys. Utöver detta har också två personer intervjuats som haft del i respektive blogg. Resultat av brukstextanalys och transkriberade intervjuer analyseras och diskuteras sedan i relation till studiens teoretiska grund som återfinns i teori och forskning kring bloggar och bloggars användningsområden inom public relations samt etik. Därutöver återfinns också relevant tidigare forskning avseende liknande bloggar. Studiens diskussionskapitel är indelat i fyra huvudrubriker: Utformning av de strategiska bloggarna, Black Ascot, Stefan The Swopper och PR-branschens legitimitetskris, Vikten av sanning och transparens samt PR-bloggarna i relation till etikkoder. Diskussionen resulterar i att följande centrala slutsatser kan dras: De undersökta bloggarnas utformning och innehåll har till största del präglats av det syfte som hela tiden varit uppenbart. Det underliggande syftet har påverkat bloggarna så till vida att det format den historia som berättas i Black Ascot samt dess utformning som en kulturblogg. Stefan The Swopper har präglats av det underliggande syftet då uppdragsgivaren getts utrymme i både text och bild. I båda bloggarna har transparensen och sanningsenligheten varit bristande vilket måste anses problematiskt ur ett etiskt perspektiv. Däremot kan bloggarna inte anses vara manipulativa eller brista i respekten gentemot läsarna. De etiska problemen ställs också emot den dialogiska möjlighet som är förenat med bloggosfären vilket ur ett etiskt perspektiv måste ses som en fördel. Studiens intervjuresultat påvisar också att respondenterna anser att mycket av den kritik som riktats mot respektive blogg kommer sig av att bloggar är ett nytt forum för PR- och marknadsföringsaktiviteter. Huruvida detta är fallet kan inte bekräftas i denna studie men studiens teoretiska grund bekräftar att bloggar ofta upplevs som trovärdiga och tillförlitliga. Detta kan antas problematiserat av PR- och marknadsföringsaktiviteter i bloggar.

 

I samband med att de centrala slutsatserna återges konstateras också att bristerna i transparens och sanningsenlighet öppnar upp för nya forskningsfrågor. Det finns exempelvis mycket att undersöka gällande bloggläsarnas uppfattning av hur såväl bloggosfären som PR-branschen har påverkats efter att bloggar av denna typ avslöjats ha bakomliggande intressen.

El traumatismo abdominal es una patología que se atiende con frecuencia en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unánue y se ubica entre las diez primeras causas de morbilidad y entre las principales causas de procedimientos quirúrgicos. De acuerdo al ASIS-2005, el egreso por traumatismo constituye el 30 % en hospitales de MINSA y ESSALUD en adolescentes, sin embargo no existe un registro específico y actualizado sobre tasas de morbimortalidad por traumatismo; y debe considerarse como un problema de salud pública ya que los traumatismos son generados por accidentes de tráfico, accidentes laborales, agresiones y accidentes casuales, que afectan generalmente a los estratos más jóvenes de la población, personas laboralmente activas y socialmente productivas En el presente estudio, se evaluó la utilidad que representa para el examinador el uso de las escalas o índices de severidad TRISS y ASCOT, para evaluar la probabilidad de supervivencia; comparando la eficacia de ambos sistemas como predictores de mortalidad, verificando si existe un adecuado uso del índice para valorar la severidad de las lesiones abdominales; y cuál fue, de acuerdo a dichos índices de severidad, el que representó ser el modelo de mayor utilidad y aplicabilidad en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unánue. Para ello se hizo una recopilación de historias clínicas seleccionadas de acuerdo a criterios de inclusión y exclusión, y se determinaron las variables a evaluar. Utilizamos como instrumento una ficha de recolección de datos, la que incluyó aspectos fisiológicos y anatómicos; acorde con los índices de severidad a usar. La metodología se efectuó en 4 fases; la primera fue de preparación de material, capacitación y coordinación intrahospitalaria; la segunda, consistió en la recopilación y depuración de la información; en la tercera fase se procesó los datos usando el programa SPSS 16.0 y finalmente se tabularon y analizaron los datos. El presente estudio mostró la aplicabilidad de los índices de severidad, y por defecto se evidenció cuál de los índices resultó ser estadísticamente más significativo con respecto a la sobrevida en pacientes con trauma abdominal en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unánue.

Contribution à la valorisation des protéines de féveroles pour l'alimentation humaine et animale. Dans l'approche méthodologique, on détermine quelques caractéristiques physico-chimiques, et la valeur nutritionnelle des graines de féveroles par une étude de croissance et de bilan azote chez les rats. Les résultats montrent que la germination des graines de féveroles présente plus d'avantages que d'inconvénients : la germination élimine partiellement ou en totalité certains facteurs antinutritionnels, les facteurs antitrypsiques sont très peu modifiés pendant la germination des graines de féveroles

This thesis is an investigation of the complex processes and relationships between the physical human performer and the technologically manufactured cyber-human counterpart. I acted as both researcher and the physical human performer, deeply engaged in the moment-to-moment creation of events unfolding within a shared virtual reality environment. As the primary instigator and activator of the cyber-human partner, I maintained a balance between the live and technological performance elements, prioritizing the production of content and meaning. By way of using practice as research, this thesis argues that in considering interactions between cyber-human and human performers, it is crucial to move beyond discussions of technology when considering interactions between cyber-humans and human performers to an analysis of emotional content, the powers of poetic imagery, the trust that is developed through sensory perception and the evocation of complex relationships. A theoretical model is constructed to describe the relationship between a cyber-human and a human performer in the five works created specifically for this thesis, which is not substantially different from that between human performers. Technological exploration allows for the observation and analysis of various relationships, furthering an expanded understanding of ‘movement as content’ beyond the electronic connection. Each of the works created for this research used new and innovative technologies, including virtual reality, multiple interactive systems, six generations of wearable computers, motion capture technology, high-end digital lighting projectors, various projection screens, smart electronically charged fabrics, multiple sensory sensitive devices and intelligent sensory charged alternative performance spaces. They were most often collaboratively created in order to augment all aspects of the performance and create the sense of community found in digital live dance performances/events. These works are identified as one continuous line of energy and discovery, each representing a slight variation on the premise that a working, caring, visceral and poetic content occurs beyond the technological tools. Consequently, a shift in the physical human’s psyche overwhelms the act of performance. Scholarship and reflection on the works have been integral to my creative process throughout. The goals of this thesis, the works created and the resulting methodologies are to investigate performance to heighten the multiple ways we experience and interact with the world. This maximizes connection and results in a highly interactive, improvisational, dynamic, non-linear, immediate, accessible, agential, reciprocal, emotional, visceral and transformative experience without boundaries between the virtual and physical for physical humans, cyborgs and cyber-humans alike.

O presente trabalho pretende ensaiar uma reflexão crítica sobre a música de Luciano Berio, focando em particular a sua ópera La vera storia, estreada em 1982 no Teatro alla Scala, em Milão. Esta reflexão crítica surge no âmbito da minha actividade de compositor, a partir de preocupações de ordem estética e ética quanto ao fazer artístico, encontrando no caso de Luciano Berio um campo oportuno para a sua consubstanciação. A música de Berio reclama ser estudada através do cruzamento de diferentes saberes, para além do isolamento dos múltiplos aspectos e traços de singularidade que a caracterizam. Porque Berio escreve a sua música, não em nome da exploração, fechada sobre si mesma, de certas possibilidades técnicas, tão pouco em nome de um determinado gosto estético, particularmente sensível na herança musical que cita ou nos poetas e escritores que inclui em algumas das suas obras. Os motivos em que radica o seu fazer musical, com as opções técnicas e estéticas que conhecemos, são determinados por preocupações de ordem ética que não devemos ignorar. Pensamos que é imperativo alargar o quadro de referências teóricas para além da análise musical no sentido mais estrito, convocando o pensamento filosófico de Gilles Deleuze e de Walter Benjamin e o pensamento estético de Italo Calvino para debater as implicações éticas da produção musical beriana. Este objectivo, no entanto, consolida significativamente o entendimento sobre a singularidade do fazer musical de Berio e a pertinência das suas propostas, integrando-se o presente estudo na reflexão já longa e prolixa dos estudos berianos. Por isso, vamos desenvolver de forma sistemática uma reflexão que cruza o aparato conceptual e estético dos nomes acima citados com os traços determinantes da estética de Berio. São eles, nomeadamente, uma nova articulação entre alturas e ritmo; a ubiquidade presente no seu discurso; os comportamentos aditivos e subtrativos que presidem ao seu fazer musical; o carácter múltiplo, e por isso em constante devir, do objecto sonoro beriano; o carácter para-funcional do seu discurso, radicado na articulação entre elementos distintos; e a direccionalidade do seu discurso, resultante da sua articulação. A fricção entre todos estes aspectos leva-nos a falar de uma singular concepção do objecto sonoro, na medida em que nos mostra de forma clara uma postura estética, e sobretudo ética, totalmente emancipada dos muitos espartilhos que tendem a ditar o fazer musical. Se nos habituámos a pensar que a música é a prova de que o uno é múltiplo, com a música de Berio somos levados a ver que o múltiplo é uno. Porque a música de Luciano Berio acolhe e reflecte a espantosa diversidade do mundo em que surge, devolvendo-lhe uma de muitas possibilidades de leitura. É essa a sua verdadeira história, é essa a força do seu atrito.
This work aims at developing a critical reflexion on Luciano Berio's music, focusing in particular on his opera La vera storia, premiered in 1982 at Teatro alla Scala, in Milan (Italy). This critical reflexion finds its roots in my own activity as composer, where certain issues related to ethical and aesthetic questions in artistic practice find in the case-study of Luciano Berio an opportune field for their development. Berio's music requires an approach that blends different knowledge fields, beyond the isolation of its multiple singular aspects. This is because Berio writes his music neither in the name of the exploitation, closed in itself, of certain technical possibilities, nor in the name of a certain aesthetic taste, particularly sensitive in the musical heritage he quotes or in the poets and writers he includes in some of his works. The motifs underlying under the options of his musical practice are determined by ethical concerns which cannot be ignored. We think it is imperative to enlarge the theoretical frame of reference beyond musical analysis in a strict sense, calling in our reflexion on the philosophical thought of Gilles Deleuze and Walter Benjamin as well as the aesthetic thought of Italo Calvino in order to debate the ethical implications of Berio's musical production. This objective, though, noticeably consolidates an understanding of the singularity of Berio's practice and the relevance of its proposals, integrating this study in the already long and prolific reflexion in the field of Luciano Berio studies. In the following pages a systematic reflexion is to be carried out by crossing a conceptual and aesthetic apparatus, drawn from Deleuze, Benjmain and Calvino, with the defining traces of Berio's aesthetics. These are, namely, a new articulation between pitches and rhythm; the ubiquity of his speech; the additive and subtractive behaviour that presides over his musical practice; the multiple character, and for that reason in permanent becoming, of his sound object; the para-functional character of his practice, based on the articulation of uneven elements; and the vectorial character of his discourse. The friction among all these aspects leads us to speak of a unique conception of the sound object in Berio's music, as it clearly reveals an aesthetic and above all ethical posture which is completely emancipated from the many constraints which tend to dictate musical composition. If there is a general consensus as to thinking that music proves that the "one" is multiple, with Berio's music we are lead to consider the multiple as one. Because Luciano Berio's music receives and reflects the amazing diversity of the world in which it emerges, giving in return one of many possible readings.That is its (their) true story, that is the strength of its (their) friction.

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
音樂學系碩士班
101
From the perspective of the eastern-western cultural exchanges, this thesis primarily aims to explore the transformation of the eastern and western culture caused by the invasion of the Crusades, the Mongol’s western expansion and the encounter of Italy and China . This paper will introduce the Italian Verismo composer Giacomo Puccini, and how he created the exotic opera, 《Turandot》, against a Chinese backdrop, as well as study on the musical analysis and interpretation of the three arias sung by Liù in《Turandot》. This thesis is divided into 5 sections: the introduction, 3 chapters and the conclusion. The introduction touches on the motives and the scope of the study. The second chapter describes the Islam and Arab Empire ,the invasion of the Crusades and the Mongol’s westwards expansion. The third chapter tells the Verismo and the works of Giacomo Puccini. The fourth chapter tries to analyze and interpret the three arias sung by Liù in the Opera《Turandot》. The conclusion wraps up all the contents stated above, and carries some expectations for those who do the same study in the future, that this thesis might enable them to acquire a better understanding of and appreciation on the impressive beauty and preciousness of the works of Giacomo Puccini as they listen to them from the view point of historical-cultural exchanges.