Journal articles: 'Ascophyllum nodosum – Composition'

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Jenkins, S. R., T. A. Norton, and S. J. Hawkins. "Long term effects of Ascophyllum nodosum canopy removal on mid shore community structure." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 2 (April 2004): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404009221h.

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The long term effects of macroalgal canopy removal on community composition were investigated over a 12 year period. Experimental removal of the dominant Ascophyllum nodosum canopy led to short term changes in community composition, the major features of which were still apparent 12 years later. Ascophyllum was slow to recover despite high recruitment, and experimental plots were dominated by Fucus species. After 12 years a mixed assemblage of Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum had developed. Canopy removal resulted in a change in the balance between grazing limpets and the cover of red algal turf in the understorey community. The cover of turfing algae declined significantly allowing the area grazed by limpets to extend. This led to a 3–6 fold increase in the limpet population 12 years after canopy removal.

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Jones, A. Lesley, and John L. Harwood. "Lipid composition of the brown algae fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum." Phytochemistry 31, no. 10 (October 1992): 3397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83693-s.

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Allwood, J. William, Huw Evans, Ceri Austin, and Gordon J. McDougall. "Extraction, Enrichment, and LC-MSn-Based Characterization of Phlorotannins and Related Phenolics from the Brown Seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum." Marine Drugs 18, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18090448.

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Phenolic components from the edible brown seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, have been associated with considerable antioxidant activity but also bioactivities related to human health. This study aims to select and identify the main phlorotannin components from this seaweed which have been previously associated with potential health benefits. Methods to enrich phenolic components then further select phlorotannin components from ethanolic extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum were applied. The composition and phenolic diversity of these extracts were defined using data dependent liquid chromatography mass spectroscopic (LC-MSn) techniques. A series of phlorotannin oligomers with apparent degree of polymerization (DP) from 10 to 31 were enriched by solid phase extraction and could be selected by fractionation on Sephadex LH-20. Evidence was also obtained for the presence of dibenzodioxin linked phlorotannins as well as sulphated phlorotannins and phenolic acids. As well as diversity in molecular size, there was evidence for potential isomers at each DP. MS2 fragmentation analyses strongly suggested that the phlorotannins contained ether linked phloroglucinol units and were most likely fucophlorethols and MS3 data suggested that the isomers may result from branching within the chain. Therefore, application of these LC-MSn techniques provided further information on the structural diversity of the phlorotannins from Ascophyllum, which could be correlated against their reported bioactivities and could be further applied to phlorotannins from different seaweed species.

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Chaves Lopez, Clemencia, Annalisa Serio, Chiara Rossi, Giovanni Mazzarrino, Sonia Marchetti, Federica Castellani, Lisa Grotta, Francesco Paolo Fiorentino, Antonello Paparella, and Giuseppe Martino. "Effect of diet supplementation with Ascophyllum nodosum on cow milk composition and microbiota." Journal of Dairy Science 99, no. 8 (August 2016): 6285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10837.

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Gollety, Claire, Eric Thiebaut, and Dominique Davoult. "Characteristics of the Ascophyllum nodosum stands and their associated diversity along the coast of Brittany, France." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 3 (June 17, 2010): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410000901.

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The present study aimed at estimating the characteristics of the Ascophyllum nodosum stands along the coast of Brittany, France. Although both an ecologically and economically important macroalga on sheltered rocky shores of the North Atlantic, no study has simultaneously dealt with the variability of the densities, lengths and biomasses of A. nodosum together with a description of its associated algal and animal diversity. There were significant differences in mean lengths and variations in the length–population structures between sites. However, the biomasses and densities showed no significant differences. The biomasses are amongst the highest ones estimated over the entire species distribution. The algal and animal assemblages were typical of A. nodosum zones, but only the identity composition of the algal communities seemed to reflect site differences in environmental forces. The biomasses measured in the present study should help improve future macroalgae biomass and metabolism estimates on regional or global scales. Finally, the data will provide a reference state for future studies on the responses of fucoid canopies to environmental changes.

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Garcia-Vaquero, Marco, Gaurav Rajauria, Marta Miranda, Torres Sweeney, Marta Lopez-Alonso, and John O’Doherty. "Seasonal Variation of the Proximate Composition, Mineral Content, Fatty Acid Profiles and Other Phytochemical Constituents of Selected Brown Macroalgae." Marine Drugs 19, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19040204.

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The main objective was to determine the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and mineral profiles of three commercially relevant brown macroalgae (Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Ascophyllum nodosum) collected each season for two years off the west coast of Ireland. All the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and minerals analysed varied significantly depending on the macroalgal species, season and year of collection. Overall, the protein contents of macroalgae were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content. Protein (2–11%) was at its highest during winter and/or spring, decreasing to a minimum during summer and/or autumn. The three macroalgal species analysed in this study had clearly differentiated fatty acid profiles. The concentration of fatty acids was higher in A. nodosum compared with both Laminaria species. The mineral profile of the three macroalgal species was rich in essential metals, particularly Ca, Mg and P, while the levels of I were approximately 9- to 10-fold higher in both Laminaria spp. compared with A. nodosum. The levels of toxic metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) in all the macroalgal species studied were low in the current study; while the levels of total As were high (49–64 mg/kg DW macroalgae) compared with previous reports.

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Ferreira, Marta Salvador, Diana I. S. P. Resende, José M. Sousa Lobo, Emília Sousa, and Isabel F. Almeida. "Marine Ingredients for Sensitive Skin: Market Overview." Marine Drugs 19, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19080464.

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Marine ingredients are a source of new chemical entities with biological action, which is the reason why they have gained relevance in the cosmetic industry. The facial care category is the most relevant in this industry, and within it, the sensitive skin segment occupies a prominent position. This work analyzed the use of marine ingredients in 88 facial cosmetics for sensitive skin from multinational brands, as well as their composition and the scientific evidence that supports their efficacy. Marine ingredients were used in 27% of the cosmetic products for sensitive skin and included the species Laminaria ochroleuca, Ascophyllum nodosum (brown macroalgae), Asparagopsis armata (red macroalgae), and Chlorella vulgaris (microalgae). Carotenoids, polysaccharides, and lipids are the chemical classes highlighted in these preparations. Two ingredients, namely the Ascophyllum nodosum extract and Asparagopsis armata extracts, present clinical evidence supporting their use for sensitive skin. Overall, marine ingredients used in cosmetics for sensitive skin are proposed to reduce skin inflammation and improve the barrier function. Marine-derived preparations constitute promising active ingredients for sensitive skin cosmetic products. Their in-depth study, focusing on the extracted metabolites, randomized placebo-controlled studies including volunteers with sensitive skin, and the use of extraction methods that are more profitable may provide a great opportunity for the cosmetic industry.

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Tabassum, Muhammad Rizwan, Ao Xia, and Jerry D. Murphy. "Seasonal variation of chemical composition and biomethane production from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum." Bioresource Technology 216 (September 2016): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.071.

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Lorenzo, José, Rubén Agregán, Paulo Munekata, Daniel Franco, Javier Carballo, Selin Şahin, Ramón Lacomba, and Francisco Barba. "Proximate Composition and Nutritional Value of Three Macroalgae: Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Bifurcaria bifurcata." Marine Drugs 15, no. 11 (November 15, 2017): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md15110360.

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Mahmoud, Eman A., Hosam O. Elansary, Diaa O. El-Ansary, and Fahed A. Al-Mana. "Elevated Bioactivity of Ruta graveolens against Cancer Cells and Microbes Using Seaweeds." Processes 8, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010075.

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Human cancer and pathogenic microbes cause a significant number of deaths every year. Modulating current sources of natural products that control such diseases becomes essential. Natural algae, such as Ascophyllum nodosum and Ecklonia maxima, can modulate the metabolic processes as well the bioactivities of Ruta graveolens L. The R. graveolens plants were subjected to nine soil drenches of A. nodosum (7 mL L−1), E. maxima (7 mL L−1), or both extracts. Morphological performance, gas exchange parameters, and essential oils (EOs) composition (GC-MS) were studied and the bioactivity was assessed against several cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria or fungi. Treatment with A. nodosum + E. maxima seaweed extracts (SWE) led to the highest morphological performance and gas exchange parameters. The highest antiproliferative, apoptotic, and caspase-3/7 activities of EO were against HeLa in SWE mixture treated plants. The best EO antimicrobial activities were obtained against Staphylococcus aureus and Penicillium ochrochloron. SWE mixtures treated plants showed the best bioactivities against microbes and cancer cells. The highest abundance of 2-undecanone (62%) and 2-nonanone (18%) was found in plants treated with SWE mixtures and caused the best anticancer and antimicrobial effects. Seaweed mixtures act as natural elicitors of pharmaceutical industries and favored 2-undecanone and 2-nonanone in R. graveolens.

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Drygaś, Barbara, Joanna Depciuch, Grzegorz Zaguła, and Czesław Puchalski. "Ascophyllum nodosum Application and Pre-Sowing Stimulation with Low-Frequency Magnetic Field as Factors Influencing Oat Grains (Avena sativa L.) Composition." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081164.

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In this study, we tested the influence of two experimental factors on the composition of oat grain Avena sativa under the conditions of a three-year field study. The first factor (factor A) consisted of an Ascophyllum nodosum application, an organism classified in the Chromista kingdom, class Phaeophyceae, order Fucales; the second factor was the pre-sowing stimulation of seeds with a low-frequency magnetic field with known parameters. The basic organic components and mineral composition of the grain were tested. It was determined, among other things, that fertilization with algae leads to reduced ash content in oat grain, increased content of sodium, reduced calcium and iron content, and increased content of starch components (amyloses and amylopectins). The application of pre-sowing seed stimulation resulted in increased copper content in the progeny. No significant interactions could be observed between the factors in forming the chemical composition of oat grain.

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Drygaś, Barbara, Joanna Depciuch, and Czesław Puchalski. "Effect of Ascophyllum nodosum Alga Application on Microgreens, Yield, and Yield Components in Oats Avena sativa L." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 1446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071446.

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This paper describes the influence of Ascophyllum nodosum algae on the seeds, microgreens, yield, and yield components of oat Avena sativa cv. Bingo. This article includes the results from three experiments. In one of the experiments, the oat seeds were soaked in a solution of demineralized water with dried comminuted and homogenized algae. For the FT–Raman spectra measurements, a spectrometer with an Nd:YAG laser, with a germanium detector, was used. The results obtained show that an excessively low as well as an excessively high alga concentration did not have an influence on the change in oat composition. Other algae concentrations that were used in these experiments caused significant chemical changes in the oat seeds. For the FT–Raman data, separation of the control from all the oat grains treated with different algae concentrations was possible. The aim of the pot experiment was to determine the effect of the application of algae (in different doses) on the A. sativa green mass of young plants (microgreens). The certified oat seeds, after being soaked in a solution with algae, were planted in the ground. For the chemometric analysis of the oat samples, a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer device was used. The data were recorded with a viewing diamond with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) crystal plate. The FTIR spectra showed that soaking in an algae suspension affected the germination, general metabolism, and chemical composition of the oats. The use of algae did not change the lipid content of the plant. The three-year field experiment was established by introducing two factors: A. nodosum application (A) and a pre-sowing stimulation with a low-frequency magnetic field (S). The influence of experimental factors on the oat yield and its structure (yield structure components and yield components) was investigated. The beneficial effect of algae on oat yield was demonstrated by improved parameters such as the number and weight of the grains; however, under field conditions, the pre-sowing magnetic field stimulation of seeds did not have a beneficial effect. Various weather conditions also had a great influence on the yield. This study also considered the role of A. nodosum as a biostimulant in plants, and this showed potential under less favorable conditions.

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Derosa, Giuseppe, Maria Divina Pascuzzo, Angela D'Angelo, and Pamela Maffioli. "Ascophyllum Nodosum, Fucus Vesiculosus and chromium picolinate nutraceutical composition can help to treat type 2 diabetic patients." Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Volume 12 (September 2019): 1861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s212429.

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Vieira, Elsa F., Cristina Soares, Susana Machado, M. Teresa Oliva-Teles, Manuela Correia, Maria João Ramalhosa, Ana Carvalho, et al. "Development of New Canned Chub Mackerel Products Incorporating Edible Seaweeds—Influence on the Minerals and Trace Elements Composition." Molecules 25, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051133.

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This study aimed to develop new canned chub mackerel products incorporating edible seaweeds (Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus spiralis, Saccorhiza polyschides, Chondrus crispus, Porphyra sp. and Ulva sp.) harvested in the Portuguese North-Central coast, with simultaneous sensory improvement and minerals enrichment. Two processes were compared, namely the addition of seaweeds in i) the canning step and ii) in the brining step (as the replacement for salt). The concentrations of four macrominerals (Na, K, Ca and Mg), chloride, and twelve trace elements (Co, Cu, Fe, I, Li, Mn, Mo, Rb, Se, Sr, V and Zn) were determined by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Results showed that canned chub mackerel incorporating C. crispus and F. spiralis was found to be the preferred sensory option, also exhibiting contents enriched with Cl, Co, Cu, Fe, I, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Se, and Sr. This effect was more pronounced when both seaweed species were added to replace the salt added in the brining step.

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Taskos, Demetris, Stamatis Stamatiadis, Jean-Claude Yvin, and Frank Jamois. "Effects of an Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. extract on grapevine yield and berry composition of a Merlot vineyard." Scientia Horticulturae 250 (May 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.02.030.

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Ugarte, R. A., A. Critchley, A. R. Serdynska, and J. P. Deveau. "Changes in composition of rockweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) beds due to possible recent increase in sea temperature in Eastern Canada." Journal of Applied Phycology 21, no. 5 (January 20, 2009): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-008-9397-2.

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Viana, Inés G., Antonio Bode, Megan Bartholomew, and Ivan Valiela. "Experimental assessment of the macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus for monitoring N sources at different time-scales using stable isotope composition." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 466 (May 2015): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2015.01.014.

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Gutow, L., L. Giménez, K. Boos, and R. Saborowski. "Rapid changes in the epifaunal community after detachment of buoyant benthic macroalgae." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 2 (November 17, 2008): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408002658.

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Rafting on floating macroalgae is a common dispersal mechanism of marine benthic invertebrates. Most benthic macroalgae are inhabited by diverse epifaunal communities but not all organisms may be adapted to live on floating algae. In particular, knowledge about the immediate effects of algal detachment on the associated biota is limited. Herein, we studied the composition of the communities of mobile invertebrates on benthic thalli of Ascophyllum nodosum and compared it with detached thalli that had floated for short periods. The community of the mobile invertebrates changed significantly within the first minute after detachment of the algae and showed decreased diversity and a tendency towards reduced abundances in most taxa. However, during the subsequent two hours of floating at the sea surface the species composition did not change further. A comparison of the size-spectra of the gastropod Littorina obtusata from attached and detached algae did not reveal differential migratory activity among size-classes of these gastropods. Most of the species encountered in this study are common rafters in coastal and offshore waters, which are well capable of holding onto floating seaweeds. Therefore, our results indicate that the animals actively abandoned the macroalgae immediately after detachment. A benefit of this behaviour may be to avoid increased predation risk in the open water. The fact that individuals remain associated with their algal host after detachment indicates the importance of rafting dispersal for a great variety of phytal species that might lead to range expansion and regional population persistence through metapopulation effects.

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Newton, Eric E., Ásta H. Pétursdóttir, Gunnar Ríkharðsson, Corentin Beaumal, Natasa Desnica, Konstantina Giannakopoulou, Darren Juniper, Partha Ray, and Sokratis Stergiadis. "Effect of Dietary Seaweed Supplementation in Cows on Milk Macrominerals, Trace Elements and Heavy Metal Concentrations." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071526.

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This study investigated the effect of seaweed supplementation in dairy cow diets on milk yield, basic composition, and mineral concentrations. Thirty-seven Icelandic cows were split into three diet treatments: control (CON, no seaweed), low seaweed (LSW, 0.75% concentrate dry matter (DM), 13–40 g/cow/day), and high seaweed (HSW, 1.5% concentrate DM, 26–158 g/cow/day). Cows were fed the same basal diet of grass silage and concentrate for a week, and then were introduced to the assigned experimental diets for 6 weeks. The seaweed mix of 91% Ascophyllum nodosum: 9% Laminaria digitata (DM basis), feed, and milk samples were collected weekly. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed effects model, with diet, week, and their interaction as fixed factors, cow ID as random factor, and the pre-treatment week data as a covariate. When compared with CON milk, LSW and HSW milk had, respectively, less Se (−1.4 and −3.1 μg/kg milk) and more I (+744 and +1649 μg/kg milk), while HSW milk also had less Cu (−11.6 μg/kg milk) and more As (+0.17 μg/kg milk) than CON milk. The minimal changes or concentrations in milk for Se, Cu, and As cannot be associated with any effects on consumer nutrition, but care should be taken when I-rich seaweed is fed to cows to avoid excessive animal I supply and milk I concentrations.

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Mauray, Sandrine, Claude Sternberg, Jocelyne Theveniaux, Jean Millet, Corinne Sinquin, Jacqueline Tapon-Bretaudiére, and Anne-Marie Fischer. "Venous Antithrombotic and Anticoagulant Activities of a Fucoïdan Fraction." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 74, no. 05 (1995): 1280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1649927.

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SummaryFucoïdans catalyse thrombin inhibition by antithrombin (AT) and heparin cofactor II (HCII); their affinity for each serpin varies according to the seaweed species from which they are extracted, as well as their chemical composition and molecular weight. We extracted a homogeneous fucoïdan fraction from Ascophyllum nodosum, a brown seaweed, and tested its anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities. At a fucoïdan concentration of 3.75 µg/ml, thrombin inhibition mediated by AT showed an apparent second-order rate constant (kapp) of 2 × 108 M-1 min-1, compared to 1.5 × 106 M-1 min-1 for the uncatalyzed reaction. The kapp value of thrombin inhibition via HCII was 1.17 × 109 M-1 min-1 at a fucoïdan concentration of 50 µg/ml, compared to 1.72 × 105 M-1 min-1 for the uncatalyzed reaction. In a Wessler model of venous thrombosis, the fucoïdan fraction, injected intravenously to rabbits 10 min before thrombosis induction, exhibited antithrombotic activity: 1.8 mg/kg was the dose which inhibited F Xa-induced thrombus formation by 80% (ED80), compared to a heparin ED80 of 0.1 mg/kg. At this ED80 the antithrombotic effect of the fucoïdan persisted longer than that of heparin (30 min versus 15 min). The thrombin clotting time (TCT) was significantly prolonged (73 s versus control 29 s, compared to 53 s with heparin) 10 min after a fucoïdan bolus infusion giving a plasma fucoïdan concentration of 14.6 ± 2.7 µg/ml. The bleeding time was slightly increased after fucoïdan infusion at the ED80. Fucoïdan extracted from marine flora thus shows promise as an antithrombotic drug.

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Tøndervik, Anne, Olav A. Aarstad, Randi Aune, Susan Maleki, Philip D. Rye, Arne Dessen, Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk, and Håvard Sletta. "Exploiting Mannuronan C-5 Epimerases in Commercial Alginate Production." Marine Drugs 18, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18110565.

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Alginates are one of the major polysaccharide constituents of marine brown algae in commercial manufacturing. However, the content and composition of alginates differ according to the distinct parts of these macroalgae and have a direct impact on the concentration of guluronate and subsequent commercial value of the final product. The Azotobacter vinelandii mannuronan C-5 epimerases AlgE1 and AlgE4 were used to determine their potential value in tailoring the production of high guluronate low-molecular-weight alginates from two sources of high mannuronic acid alginates, the naturally occurring harvested brown algae (Ascophyllum nodosum, Durvillea potatorum, Laminaria hyperborea and Lessonia nigrescens) and a pure mannuronic acid alginate derived from fermented production of the mutant strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 10,525. The mannuronan C-5 epimerases used in this study increased the content of guluronate from 32% up to 81% in both the harvested seaweed and bacterial fermented alginate sources. The guluronate-rich alginate oligomers subsequently derived from these two different sources showed structural identity as determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and size-exclusion chromatography with online multi-angle static laser light scattering (SEC-MALS). Functional identity was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays with selected bacteria and antibiotics using the previously documented low-molecular-weight guluronate enriched alginate OligoG CF-5/20 as a comparator. The alginates produced using either source showed similar antibiotic potentiation effects to the drug candidate OligoG CF-5/20 currently in development as a mucolytic and anti-biofilm agent. These findings clearly illustrate the value of using epimerases to provide an alternative production route for novel low-molecular-weight alginates.

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WANG, Y., L. JIN, K. H. OMINSKI, M. HE, Z. XU, D. O. KRAUSE, S. N. ACHARYA, et al. "Screening of Condensed Tannins from Canadian Prairie Forages for Anti–Escherichia coli O157:H7 with an Emphasis on Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea Vent)†." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-259.

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Tannins from forages grown (n = 10) on the Canadian prairie, as well as from Quebracho, Rhus semialata, and brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum), were screened for anti–Escherichia coli O157:H7 activity against E. coli O157:H7 strain 3081 at a concentration of 400 μg/ml for each tannin type, except for brown seaweed, which was at 50 μg/ml. Growth of the bacteria was assessed by measuring the optical density at 600 nm over 24 h. Tannin from seaweed at a concentration of 50 μg/ml inhibited growth of strain 3081. Among the terrestrial forages, only condensed tannins (CT) from purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea Vent; PPC) increased (P < 0.05) the lag time and reduced (P < 0.05) the growth rate of E. coli O157:H7. The anti–E. coli O157:H7 activity of PPC CT was further assessed by culturing E. coli strain ATCC 25922 and eight strains of E. coli O157:H7 with PPC CT at 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 μg/ml. Selected strains were enumerated after 0, 6, and 24 h of incubation, and fatty acid composition was determined after 24 h of incubation. E. coli strain 25922 was cultured with 0, 50, or 200 μg of CT per ml and harvested during the exponential growth phase for examination by transmission electron microscopy. Increasing CT concentration linearly increased (P < 0.001) the lag times of seven strains and linearly reduced (P < 0.001) the growth rates of eight E. coli O157:H7 strains. Proportions of unsaturated fatty acids in the total fatty acids were decreased (P < 0.01) by CT at 50 μg/ml. Transmission electron microscopy showed that CT disrupted the outer membrane structure. Anti–E. coli O157:H7 activity of PPC CT at levels of up to 200 μg/ml was bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal, and the mechanism of anti–E. coli activity may involve alteration in the fatty acid composition and disruption of the outer membrane of the cell.

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Agregán, Rubén, Paulo E. Munekata, Ruben Domínguez, Javier Carballo, Daniel Franco, and José M. Lorenzo. "Proximate composition, phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of the seaweeds Ascophyllum nodosum , Bifurcaria bifurcata and Fucus vesiculosus . Effect of addition of the extracts on the oxidative stability of canola oil under accelerated storage conditions." Food Research International 99 (September 2017): 986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.009.

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Satessa, Gizaw D., Paulina Tamez-Hidalgo, Yan Hui, Tomasz Cieplak, Lukasz Krych, Søren Kjærulff, Grete Brunsgaard, Dennis S. Nielsen, and Mette O. Nielsen. "Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermented Rapeseed with or without Macroalgae on Performance and Health of Piglets Following Omission of Medicinal Zinc from Weaner Diets." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010137.

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The feeding of medicinal zinc oxide (ZnO) to weaner piglets will be phased out after 2022 in Europe, leaving pig producers without options to manage post-weaning disorders. This study assessed whether rapeseed meal, fermented alone (FRM) or co-fermented with a single (Ascophylum nodosum; FRMA), or two (A. nodossum and Saccharina latissima; FRMAS) brown macroalagae species, could improve weaner piglet performance and stimulate intestinal development as well as maturation of gut microbiota in the absence of in-feed zinc. Weaned piglets (n = 1240) were fed, during 28–85 days of age, a basal diet with no additives (negative control; NC), 2500 ppm in-feed ZnO (positive control; PC), FRM, FRMA or FRMAS. Piglets fed FRM and FRMA had a similar or numerically improved, respectively, production performance compared to PC piglets. Jejunal villus development was stimulated over NC in PC, FRM and FRMAS (gender-specific). FRM enhanced colon mucosal development and reduced signs of intestinal inflammation. All fermented feeds and PC induced similar changes in the composition and diversity of colon microbiota compared to NC. In conclusion, piglet performance, intestinal development and health indicators were sustained or numerically improved when in-feed zinc was replaced by FRM.

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Yone, Yasuo, Masayuki Furuichi, and Kazunari Urano. "Effect of dietary wakame Undaria penatifida and Ascophyllum nodosum supplements on growth, feed efficiency, and proximate compositions of liver and muscle of red sea bream." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 52, no. 8 (1986): 1465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.52.1465.

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Gawor, Jerzy Pawel, Jacek Wilczak, Ulla K. Svensson, and Michal Jank. "Influence of Dietary Supplementation With a Powder Containing A.N. ProDen™ (Ascophyllum Nodosum) Algae on Dog Saliva Metabolome." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8 (June 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.681951.

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The objective of this placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study (designed according to evidence-based medicine standards) was to determine the effect of 30-day administration of powdered brown algae, Ascophyllum nodosum (ProDen PlaqueOff, SwedenCare AB, Sweden), on saliva metabolomes in dogs. Sixty client-owned dogs underwent professional dental cleaning and were randomly subdivided into two groups receiving daily powdered brown algae A. nodosum, or a placebo (microcrystalline cellulose in powder), adjusted to their bodyweight. After a comprehensive oral health assessment and professional dental cleaning, which were both performed under general anesthesia, clinical assessments for gingivitis, plaque, and calculus were conducted. Saliva samples were collected at Day 0 and Day 30 of supplementation. Whole saliva is a mixed fluid that is derived predominantly from the major salivary glands but it also contains numerous other constituents. Additionally, its composition varies on whether salivary secretion is basal or stimulated. Authors put efforts to avoid contamination of saliva by other constituents and character of saliva was basal. Quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer was used to conduct analysis of the saliva samples. Metabolomic analyses identified clear changes after 30 days of supplementation, and the direction of these changes was completely different than in dogs that received a placebo treatment during the same period. The positive clinical effect of 30 days of A. nodosum supplementation on oral health status in dogs described in previous publication combined with the absence of some metabolites in the saliva of dogs on day 30 of supplementation suggest that brown algae inhibit or turn off some pathways that could enhance plaque or calculus development. The exact mechanism of A. nodosum is still unclear and warrants further study.

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Gisbert, Mauro, Manuel Barcala, Cristina M. Rosell, Jorge Sineiro, and Ramón Moreira. "Aqueous extracts characteristics obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweeds: effect of operation conditions." Journal of Applied Phycology, August 3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02546-5.

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AbstractAqueous extracts from Ascophyllum nodosum brown edible seaweeds were obtained after continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction. The effect of sonication time (from 2 to 6 min), sonication amplitude (from 80 to 100%) and solvent-solid ratio (from 20 to 40 g water g−1 dried seaweed) on the extracts features was studied employing a Box-Behnken experimental design. Extracts were characterised by polyphenols, carbohydrate and uronic acid content. Response surface method (by means of a quadratic model) was successfully employed to relate chemical composition of extracts and operation conditions. Optimal experimental conditions were established to obtain maximal polyphenols content and several polyphenols-carbohydrates ratios together with the conditions that minimise energy consumption per extracted polyphenols amount relationship. Antioxidant capacities of extracts were measured employing different methods (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS). Positive linear correlations between antioxidant activity and total polyphenols content were established.

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Lamont, Timothy, and Matthew McSweeney. "Consumer acceptability and chemical composition of whole‐wheat breads incorporated with brown seaweed ( Ascophyllum nodosum ) or red seaweed ( Chondrus crispus )." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, September 11, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10765.

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Attjioui, Maha, Sinead Ryan, Aleksandra Konic Ristic, Thomas Higgins, Oscar Goñi, Eileen R. Gibney, Joanna Tierney, and Shane O'Connell. "Comparison of edible brown algae extracts for the inhibition of intestinal carbohydrate digestive enzymes involved in glucose release from the diet." Journal of Nutritional Science 10 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jns.2020.56.

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Abstract Type II diabetes is considered the most common metabolic disorder in the developed world and currently affects about one in ten globally. A therapeutic target for the management of type II diabetes is the inhibition of α- glucosidase, an essential enzyme located at the brush border of the small intestinal epithelium. The inhibition of α-glucosidase results in reduced digestion of carbohydrates and a decrease in postprandial blood glucose. Although pharmaceutical synthetic inhibitors are available, these are usually associated with significant gastrointestinal side effects. In the present study, the impact of inhibitors derived from edible brown algae is being investigated and compared for their effect on glycaemic control. Carbohydrate- and polyphenolic-enriched extracts derived from Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Undaria pinnatifida were characterised and screened for their inhibitory effects on maltase and sucrase enzymes. Furthermore, enzyme kinetics and the mechanism of inhibition of maltase and sucrase were determined using linear and nonlinear regression methods. All tested extracts showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 0⋅26 to 0⋅47 mg/ml for maltase; however, the only extract that was able to inhibit sucrase activity was A. nodosum, with an IC50 value of 0⋅83 mg/ml. The present study demonstrates the mechanisms in which different brown seaweed extracts with varying composition and molecular weight distribution differentially inhibit α-glucosidase activities. The data highlight that all brown seaweed extracts are not equal in the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes involved in postprandial glycaemia.

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Keating, C., M. Bolton-Warberg, J. Hinchcliffe, R. Davies, S. Whelan, A. H. L. Wan, R. D. Fitzgerald, S. J. Davies, U. Z. Ijaz, and C. J. Smith. "Temporal changes in the gut microbiota in farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) outweigh the response to diet supplementation with macroalgae." Animal Microbiome 3, no. 1 (January 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42523-020-00065-1.

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Abstract Background Aquaculture successfully meets global food demands for many fish species. However, aquaculture production of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is just 2.5% of total market production. For cod farming to be a viable economic venture specific challenges on how to increase growth, health and farming productivity need to be addressed. Feed ingredients play a key role here. Macroalgae (seaweeds) have been suggested as a functional feed supplement with both health and economic benefits for terrestrial farmed animals and fish. The impact of such dietary supplements to cod gut integrity and microbiota, which contribute to overall fish robustness is unknown. The objective of this study was to supplement the diet of juvenile Atlantic cod with macroalgae and determine the impacts on fish condition and growth, gut morphology and hindgut microbiota composition (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing). Fish were fed one of three diets: control (no macroalgal inclusion), 10% inclusion of either egg wrack (Ascophyllum nodosum) or sea lettuce (Ulva rigida) macroalgae in a 12-week trial. Results The results demonstrated there was no significant difference in fish condition, gut morphology or hindgut microbiota between the U. rigida supplemented fish group and the control group at any time-point. This trend was not observed with the A. nodosum treatment. Fish within this group were further categorised as either ‘Normal’ or ‘Lower Growth’. ‘Lower Growth’ individuals found the diet unpalatable resulting in reduced weight and condition factor combined with an altered gut morphology and microbiome relative to the other treatments. Excluding this group, our results show that the hindgut microbiota was largely driven by temporal pressures with the microbial communities becoming more similar over time irrespective of dietary treatment. The core microbiome at the final time-point consisted of the orders Vibrionales (Vibrio and Photobacterium), Bacteroidales (Bacteroidetes and Macellibacteroides) and Clostridiales (Lachnoclostridium). Conclusions Our study indicates that U. rigida macroalgae can be supplemented at 10% inclusion levels in the diet of juvenile farmed Atlantic cod without any impact on fish condition or hindgut microbial community structure. We also conclude that 10% dietary inclusion of A. nodosum is not a suitable feed supplement in a farmed cod diet.

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Attjioui, Maha, Sinead Ryan, Aleksandra Konic Ristic, Thomas Higgins, Oscar Goni, Eileen Gibney, Joanna Tierney, and Shane O'Connell. "Kinetics and mechanism of α-glucosidase inhibition by edible brown algae in the management of type 2 diabetes." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 79, OCE2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665120005820.

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AbstractPrevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has significantly increased in the last three decades and currently affects about 1 in 10 globally. A common therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes is α- glucosidase, an essential enzyme located at the brush border of the small intestinal epithelium. The inhibition of α-glucosidase results in a reduced digestion of carbohydrates and a decrease of postprandial blood glucose. Although, synthetic inhibitors are available in the market, these are usually associated with significant gastrointestinal side effects. In this study, natural inhibitors derived from edible brown algae are being investigated as an alternative.Polysaccharide- and polyphenolic-enriched extracts from Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus were characterized and screened for their inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase obtained from rat intestine using maltose, sucrose, and p-nitrophenyl (pNPG) as substrates. Acarbose was used as a synthetic inhibitor. Furthermore, enzyme kinetics and mechanism of inhibition of α- glucosidase were determined using linear and non-linear regression methods (GraphPad Prism ver. 6, GraphPad Software, La Jolla California USA).All tested extracts showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase. However, the type of inhibition varied between the extracts. Most importantly, the composition analysis showed that the seaweed extracts had different polysaccharide and phenolic contents, suggesting different mode of actions against α-glucosidase. The relation between chemical composition and inhibitory activity of the compounds are discussed.In summary, the current study demonstrates the mechanisms in which different brown seaweed extracts with various composition effectively inhibit α-glucosidase. Therefore, this natural inhibitor can be considered as a potential candidate for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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POHL, Alicja, Aneta GRABOWSKA, Andrzej KALISZ, and Agnieszka SEKARA. "The eggplant yield and fruit composition as affected by genetic factor and biostimulant application." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47, no. 3 (July 6, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha47311468.

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Consumer demands regarding eggplant fruits are focused on perfect shape, color, and taste but nutritional and bioactive quality has also become important with rising awareness of food related health. On the other hand, producers value modern cultivars’ earliness, high-yielding, stress-tolerance, and high overall fruit quality. We attempt to link these two standpoints through combining modern hybrids cultivated in the open field of temperate climatic zone with biostimulant application to increase the dynamics of yielding and the quality of fruits. The aim of our research was the determination of the genotypic-dependent response of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) to Ascophyllum nodosum standardized extract (Göemar BM-86) application in field conditions of Poland, with respect to the most important characteristics linked to yield quality and plant stress status. The early and total yield of investigated hybrids was affected by biostimulant application, and this dependence was confirmed statistically for most of the treatments. The increase of ‘Epic’ F1 and ‘Flavine’ F1 yield potential through Göemar BM-86 application was linked to higher fruit number harvested from the plants, while ‘WA 6020’ F1 led to greater fruit weight. Investigated hybrids responded differently to biostimulant treatment with respect to dietary and pro-health value of fruits. Generally, the content of soluble sugar, anthocyanins, and mineral elements as well as was antioxidant activity of fruits were positively affected by biostimulant application. This tendency was statistically confirmed for several experimental treatments. Presented results give a new perspective on seaweed-based biostimulants as elicitors of crop’s self defense mechanisms as well as modulators of fruit setting, productivity and bioactive compounds accumulation in eggplant. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

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Hui, Yan, Paulina Tamez-Hidalgo, Tomasz Cieplak, Gizaw Dabessa Satessa, Witold Kot, Søren Kjærulff, Mette Olaf Nielsen, Dennis Sandris Nielsen, and Lukasz Krych. "Supplementation of a lacto-fermented rapeseed-seaweed blend promotes gut microbial- and gut immune-modulation in weaner piglets." Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 12, no. 1 (July 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00601-2.

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Abstract Background The direct use of medical zinc oxide in feed will be abandoned after 2022 in Europe, leaving an urgent need for substitutes to prevent post-weaning disorders. Results This study investigated the effect of using rapeseed-seaweed blend (rapeseed meal added two brown macroalgae species Ascophylum nodosum and Saccharina latissima) fermented by lactobacilli (FRS) as feed ingredients in piglet weaning. From d 28 of life to d 85, the piglets were fed one of three different feeding regimens (n = 230 each) with inclusion of 0%, 2.5% and 5% FRS. In this period, no significant difference of piglet performance was found among the three groups. From a subset of piglets (n = 10 from each treatment), blood samples for hematology, biochemistry and immunoglobulin analysis, colon digesta for microbiome analysis, and jejunum and colon tissues for histopathological analyses were collected. The piglets fed with 2.5% FRS manifested alleviated intraepithelial and stromal lymphocytes infiltration in the gut, enhanced colon mucosa barrier relative to the 0% FRS group. The colon microbiota composition was determined using V3 and V1-V8 region 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing by Illumina NextSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION, respectively. The two amplicon sequencing strategies showed high consistency between the detected bacteria. Both sequencing strategies indicated that inclusion of FRS reshaped the colon microbiome of weaned piglets with increased Shannon diversity. Prevotella stercorea was verified by both methods to be more abundant in the piglets supplied with FRS feed, and its abundance was positively correlated with colonic mucosa thickness but negatively correlated with blood concentrations of leucocytes and IgG. Conclusions FRS supplementation relieved the gut lymphocyte infiltration of the weaned piglets, improved the colon mucosa barrier with altered microbiota composition. Increasing the dietary inclusion of FRS from 2.5% to 5% did not lead to further improvements.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ascophyllum nodosum – Composition'

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