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Melinda, Melinda, I. Ketut Agung Enriko, Muhammad Furqan, Muhammad Irhamsyah, Yunidar Yunidar, and Nurlida Basir. "The effect of power spectral density on the electroencephalography of autistic children based on the welch periodogram method." JURNAL INFOTEL 15, no. 1 (2023): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v15i1.874.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious mental disorder affecting social behavior. Some children also face intellectual delay. In people with ASD, the signals detected have abnormalities compared to normal people. This can be a reference in diagnosing the disorder with electroencephalography (EEG). This study will analyze the effect of Power spectral density (PSD) on the EEG of autistic children and also compare it with the PSD value on the EEG of normal children using the Welch Periodogram method approach. In the preprocessing stage, the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) method will be applied to remove artifacts, and a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter to reduce noise in the EEG signal. The study results indicate differences in the PSD values obtained in the autistic and normal EEG signals. The PSD value obtained in the autistic EEG signal is higher than the normal EEG signal in all frequency sub-bands. From the study results, the highest PSD value obtained by the autistic EEG signal is in the delta sub-band, which is 54.06 dB/Hz, while the normal EEG signal is only 33.14 dB/Hz at the same frequency sub-band. And in the Alpha and Beta sub-bands, the normal EEG signal increases the PSD value, while in the autistic EEG signal, the PSD value decreases in the Alpha and Beta sub-bands. In addition, FIR and ICA methods can also reduce noise and artifacts contained in autistic and normal EEG signals.
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Luschekina, E. A., O. V. Martynova, and V. B. Strelets. "Differences in EEG Spectral Power and Behavioral Profiles between Children with Non-syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome with Comorbid Autistic Features." Современная зарубежная психология 13, no. 2 (2024): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2024130207.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The diverse nature of the autistic spectrum disorders group (ASD) may be associated with EEG patterns, which may be specific for different profiles of ASD. Approximately 15% of children with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit autistic features, and the cognitive impairment associated with this syndrome remains unclear. We aimed to explore the potential similarities in behavioral disorders and their EEG correlates between non-syndromic ASD and DS children with comorbid autistic features. Three groups of right-handed boys participated in the experiments: typically developed boys (&ldquo;control&rdquo;) &mdash; N = 36; mean age = 7.11, SD = 0.86; DS group age N = 15, mean age 7.2 (SD = 0.94), and ASD group; N &mdash; 36; mean age &mdash; 7.11, SD &mdash; 0.86; DS group age N &mdash; 15, mean age 7.2 (SD &mdash; 0.94), and ASD group; N &mdash; 39; mean age &mdash; 6.24 (SD &mdash; 0.91). Increased theta rhythm spectral power in EEG was found in the frontal and temporal areas, while the alpha rhythm in the occipital area exhibited a reduction in children with DS and ASD as compared with control. The alterations in bioelectric activity, such as increased spectral power f theta in the frontal area and a reduction of EEG spectral power in the occipital alpha band, were partially similar in children with DS and with ASD, albeit less pronounced in DS. A distinctive EEG characteristic of DS was the heightened spectral power of beta rhythm compared to the control group. The Psychoeducational Profile testing in DS revealed inferior results in verbal development (p &lt; 0.05) and cognitive representations (p &lt; 0.05) compared to both the control and ASD groups. However, no differences were found in the total cognitive development scale between DS and ASD. At the behavioral level, impaired verbal and non-verbal intelligence was more prominent in DS than in ASD.</p>
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Nurul, Amirah Mashudi, Ahmad Norulhusna, and Mohd Noor Norliza. "Classification of adult autistic spectrum disorder using machine learning approach." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 10, no. 3 (2021): 743–51. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v10.i3.pp743-751.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological-related disorder. Patients with ASD have poor social interaction and lack of communication that lead to restricted activities. Thus, early diagnosis with a reliable system is crucial as the symptoms may affect the patient’s entire lifetime. Machine learning approaches are an effective and efficient method for the prediction of ASD disease. The study mainly aims to achieve the accuracy of ASD classification using a variety of machine learning approaches. The dataset comprises 16 selected attributes that are inclusive of 703 patients and non-patients. The experiments are performed within the simulation environment and analyzed using the Waikato environment for knowledge analysis (WEKA) platform. Linear support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbours (k-NN), J48, Bagging, Stacking, AdaBoost, and naïve bayes are the methods used to compute the prediction of ASD status on the subject using 3, 5, and 10-folds cross validation. The analysis is then computed to evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the proposed methods. The comparative result between the machine learning approaches has shown that linear SVM, J48, Bagging, Stacking, and naïve bayes produce the highest accuracy at 100% with the lowest error rate.
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VASCONCELOS, Anailda Fontenele, Kevin Cristian Paulino FREIRES, Loyane Ellen Silva GOMES, Socorro Taynara Araújo CARVALHO, and Ricardo José Soares PONTES. "HISTORIC AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER." Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA) 15, no. 43 (2023): 221–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136737.
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The theme of this essay is centered on Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The aim is to discuss the historical and social implications of ASD. This is a study with a qualitative approach, of the reflective theoretical essay type, which was developed from a critical and argumentative writing. As for the results, it was apprehended that ASD is conceived by a historical-social construction, which implies clinical criteria and the biomedical logic that permeates the understanding of disabilities based on social norms. Despite this, there is an attempt to overcome these models and the search for a more inclusive society and more democratic forms of care, which consider the uniqueness of the subjects. Therefore, it points to the need for a psychosocial look at ASD, which makes it possible to escape the reductionisms that understand the disorder strictly as a disorder or failure in development.
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Neves, Raphaela Santos. "AVALIAÇÃO NEUROPSICOLÓGICA EM BEBÊS: Identificando sinais precoces de Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA)." Psicologia e Saúde em Debate 11, no. 1 (2025): 951–70. https://doi.org/10.22289/2446-922x.v11a1a55.
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This study aims to analyze the studies published in the last 5 years on the neuropsychological assessment of occurrence and early identification of characteristic signs of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Through the Google Scholar and PubMed platforms, twelve articles published between 2015 - 2020 were selected for a survey, of which only two were carried out in Brazil. The applicable literature investigated the constructs related to the main changes identified in early screening, the relationship between prematurity and autism, as well as the importance of surveillance in children with older siblings within the spectrum. The results indicate changes mapped in the first months of life, such as social interaction, language, for example, highlight the importance of early assessment and intervention in the face of characteristic signs of ASD, some instruments to be used in the screening and diagnosis process. The study had some limitations related to the specificity of the theme, however, deepening about the possibilities of constructs to be taken by the neuropsychologist.
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Handayani, Nita, Sra Harke Pratama, Siti Nurul Khotimah, Idam Arif, and Freddy Haryanto. "Analisis Spektral Daya dan Koherensi EEG Pada Anak Penderita Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)." Wahana Fisika 2, no. 2 (2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/wafi.v2i2.9374.
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Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) adalah kondisi neurodevelopmental yang berkaitan dengan defisit dalam fungsi eksekutif, emosi, bahasa, dan komunikasi sosial. Beberapa teknik neuroimaging dan neurofisiologi digunakan untuk memahami hubungan antara fungsionalitas otak dan perilaku autis. Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) adalah sebuah teknik non-invasif yang dapat digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran fungsionalitas otak melalui beberapa besaran fisis yang dikaji. Pada paper ini akan dibahas tentang karakteristik sinyal listrik otak pada penderita austis berdasarkan analisis QEEG. Perekaman sinyal otak menggunakan Emotiv Epoc 14 channel (AF3, F7, F3, FC5, T7, P7, O1, O2, P8, T7, FC6, F4, F8, AF4) dan 2 channel referensi (CMS dan DRL). Jumlah subjek uji dalam penelitian sebanyak 6 anak penderita autis dan 5 anak sehat sebagai kontrol dengan rentang usia antara 10-15 tahun. Perekaman otak dilakukan pada kondisi rileks dan mata terutup selama 15 menit. Metode analisis data meliputi pre-processing data EEG untuk menghilangkan noise dan artefak, perhitungan spektral daya menggunakan periodogram Welch, dan analisis konektivitas fungsional otak dengan menghitung besarnya koherensi intra-hemisphere dan inter-hemisphere. Dari hasil studi diperoleh bahwa pada anak autis terjadi peningkatan spektral daya pada pita delta dan penurunan spektral daya pada pita alpha dibandingkan dengan subjek kontrol. Analisis konektivitas fungsional otak pada anak autis menunjukkan nilai koherensi intra-hemisphere dan inter-hemisphere yang lebih rendah pada pita delta dan theta, khususnya pada area frontal. QEEG dapat digunakan untuk karakterisasi sinyal otak pada penderita autis dan membedakannya dari subjek normal. Kata Kunci : Retardasi Mental; Spektral Daya; Koherensi; EEG; Sinyal Otak Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with deficits in executive function, emotions, language, and social communication. Several neuroimaging and neurophysiology techniques are used to understand the relationship between brain functionality and autistic behavior. Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to illustrate the functionality of the brain through the analysis of several physical quantities. This paper will discuss about the characteristics of electrical brain signals in austistic children based on QEEG analysis. Recording of brain signals using Emotiv Epoc 14-channels (AF3, F7, F1, O2, P8, T7, FC6, F4, F8, AF4) and 2 reference channels (CMS and DRL). The number of test subjects in the study were 6 autistic children and 5 healthy children as controls with an age range between 10-15 years old. Brain recording performed on resting state and eyes closed for 15 minutes. The methods of analysis data includes pre-processing EEGs data to remove noise and artifacts, power spectral analysis using Welch Periodogram, and brain functional connectivity analysis by calculating the magnitude of intra-hemisphere and inter-hemisphere coherences. The results of the study found that an increased of power spectral in the delta band and a decreased of power spectral in the alpha band in autistic children compared to control subjects. Analysis of functional connectivity of the brain in autistic children shows lower intra-hemisphere and inter-hemisphere coherences in the delta and theta bands, particularly in the frontal area. QEEG can be used to characterized brain signals in autistic children and differentiated them from the normal subjects. Keywords : Mental Retardation; Power Spectral; Coherence; EEG; Brain Signal
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Sabra, S., R. Ebecken, A. Sabra Filho, et al. "The Prevalence of Lymphoid Nodular Hyperplasia in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Medical & Clinical Research 10, no. 05 (2025): 01–07. https://doi.org/10.33140/mcr.10.05.05.
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Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (LNH) is characterized by diffuse hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in the gastrointestinal tract, commonly observed in children with abdominal pain, food allergies, and autism. Clinical evaluation, colonoscopy, and anatomopathology are key tools in diagnosing LNH in the terminal ileum, notably associated with autism, inflammatory changes, and eosinophil influx. This study examines the clinical-endoscopic correlation with anatomopathological findings in autistic children and adolescents undergoing ileocolonoscopy to investigate nodosity in the terminal ileum. A total of 100 cases were retrospectively analyzed, including 50 patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 50 controls without ASD, all under 16 and subjected to ileocolonoscopy at HUAP over the last 20 years. There was a predominance of males in the ASD group (χ2 = 10.18, p < 0.001), aged between three and 16 years. The control group showed a balanced gender distribution. No significant age difference was found between the groups. The incidence of LNH was significantly higher in ASD patients (χ2 = 36.99, p < 0.001), with moderate LNH more frequent in ASD (χ2 = 37.44, p < 0.001) and mild LNH more common in controls (χ2 = 39.60, p = 0.001). Clinical complaints did not differ significantly between groups except for abdominal distension, which was more frequent in ASD (χ2 = 4.17, p = 0.041), while blood in stool and diarrhea were more common in controls (χ2 = 16.88, p < 0.001 and χ2 = 5.88, p = 0.015, respectively). Endoscopic features of nodosity in the terminal ileum were reliably diagnosed through biopsy and confirmed by anatomopathological analysis. The study suggests a correlation between digestive and neurological symptoms, indicating a link between the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) and the Central Nervous System (CNS), supporting the "second brain" concept of the gut, and justifying gastrointestinal investigation in autistic patients with digestive symptoms.
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Danilina, K. K., S. A. Tyushkevich, N. L. Gorbachevskaya, et al. "Speech Understanding in Primary Schoolchildren with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Its Relationship with EEG Characteristics. Part I." Физиология человека 49, no. 3 (2023): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0131164622600860.
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The article discussed ASD heterogeneity in terms of the severity of autistic manifestations, cognitive and speech abilities in children with different levels of functioning. We present results of a study of speech understanding at the level of phonology, vocabulary, morphosyntax and discourse in primary schoolchildren with ASD. The study revealed correlations between the severity of autistic manifestations of a socio-communicative nature and non-verbal IQ with various aspects of speech understanding. Comparison of the correlations in the subgroups of children with different levels of functioning revealed differences between the subgroups, indicating different mechanisms of disorders. The differences of the spectral characteristics of the EEG in children with ASD compared with the age norm, and characteristics in the studied subgroups are shown. We revealed differences in EEG spectral characteristics between subgroups with ASD with different levels of functioning: the subgroup with less pronounced disorders is characterized by a higher index of β2-activity, while the subgroup with more pronounced disorders – by a higher index of slow-wave activity.
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J., Anupama, Cyril Prasanna Raj P., and Elangovan K. "Valence State Analysis Using Discrete Wavelet Transform Features for Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Young Kids." Webology 19, no. 1 (2022): 4867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19325.
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Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that has affected many children around the globe in recent years. It is possible to reduce the severity of the symptoms when the affected children are identified and treated early. Hence, early detection and treatment of this neurodevelopmental disorder significantly help the patient’s (young ASD kids) well-being. In this regard, the research has been initiated by developing an algorithm based on a neural network that can efficiently differentiate the brain activity of a normal young subject and an autistic young subject. In this research, Electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected from normal kids and kids with ASD from age 4 to 6. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used for feature extraction of EEG data for valence state analysis on younger kids. It was inferred that there is a linear increase in Power Spectral Density (PSD) irrespective of age during valence state analysis of various EEG bands such as gamma, beta, alpha, and theta. When comparing the PSD of normal subjects with subjects of ASD, the PSD of ASD subjects is comparatively higher than the PSD of normal subjects. The trained network can classify the EEG data as normal subjects and subjects with ASD with good accuracy from the datasets.
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Pereira, Andreia C., Alison Leonard, Hester Velthuis, et al. "Frontal and occipital brain glutathione levels are unchanged in autistic adults." PLOS ONE 19, no. 8 (2024): e0308792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308792.
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Background The neurobiological underpinnings of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are diverse and likely multifactorial. One possible mechanism is increased oxidative stress leading to altered neurodevelopment and brain function. However, this hypothesis has mostly been tested in post-mortem studies. So far, available in vivo studies in autistic individuals have reported no differences in glutathione (GSH) levels in frontal, occipital, and subcortical regions. However, these studies were limited by the technically challenging quantification of GSH, the main brain antioxidant molecule. This study aimed to overcome previous studies’ limitations by using a GSH-tailored spectroscopy sequence and optimised quantification methodology to provide clarity on GSH levels in autistic adults. Methods We used spectral editing proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) combined with linear combination model fitting to quantify GSH in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and medial occipital cortex (mOCC) of autistic and non-autistic adults (male and female). We compared GSH levels between groups. We also examined correlations between GSH and current autism symptoms, measured using the Autism Quotient (AQ). Results Data were available from 31 adult autistic participants (24 males, 7 females) and 40 non-autistic participants (21 males, 16 females); the largest sample to date. The GSH levels did not differ between groups in either region. No correlations with AQ were observed. Conclusion GSH levels as measured using 1H-MRS are unaltered in the DMPFC and mOCC regions of autistic adults, suggesting that oxidative stress in these cortical regions is not a marked neurobiological signature of ASD.
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Xie, Guo-Hui, Foong Yee Wong, and Qi Wang. "Looking for Autistic Traits in Human Figure Drawings done by Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Short Review of Five Selected Published Papers." Early Years Research 2, no. 1 (2022): 15–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15220437.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a challenging, not yet fully understood, condition associated with neurodevelopmental, mental, or behavioral problems. Its onset takes place in the early developmental period (may not manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities) with persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, and deficits in social-emotional reciprocity and social relationships. As a neurodevelopmental disorder, ASD impacts the development of the nervous system, leading to slightly different cortical function that, in turn, may affect cognition, conation, emotion, memory, and sensation. The effects of ASD tend to last for an individual's lifetime. Hence, it is important to assess a child for suspected ASD as early as possible so that appropriate follow-up intervention can be provided. For past four to five decades, many ASD-related assessment tools have been developed for the purpose of early identification, diagnostic evaluation and profiling. In this paper, the authors have chosen to review five selected published papers on human figure drawings done by autistic individuals in their attempt to find common autistic traits in these projective drawings to be used as indicators for ASD screening in children.
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Ganesan, Srividhya, Raju Dr., and Dr Senthil J. "Prediction of Autism Spectrum Disorder by Facial Recognition Using Machine Learning." Webology 18, no. 02 (2021): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si02/web18291.
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Autism is normally characterized as pervading disorder. The role Pervasive implies that the disorder is acute. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) individuals face difficulties in interacting with others. They also have a problem in responding to the actions, hyperactive and behavioural issues. There have been numerous technological enhancements in prediction of autism traits. This paper focusses on various machine learning methods to classify an autistic child. It mainly focusses on classification models applying VGG16 algorithm of SVM classifier, CNN and Haar Cascade using OpenCV. Using these models, better accuracy was achieved compared to other models of classification.
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Sheetal, DN, and Math Shrishail. "Early detection of autism spectrum disorder based on parental input." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 20, no. 1 (2024): 206–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694640.
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Nowadays, the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) movement is moving at a breakneck pace. Screening for autism characteristics is a laborious and costly process. It is now possible to detect autism in its early stages thanks to developments in AI and ML. Although several research have been conducted using various methods, no conclusive results have been drawn regarding the prediction of autism features by age group. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to establish a mobile app that may predict ASD in individuals of any age using a model that is based on ML techniques. The study's results include a mobile app built on top of a prediction model for autism that was created by combining Random Forest- and Adaboost. The AQ-10 dataset and 250 real datasets, gathered from both autistic and non-autistic individuals, were used to assess the suggested model. In terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision, and false positive rate (FPR), the evaluation findings demonstrated that the suggested prediction model produced superior outcomes for both types of datasets.
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Carminati, G. Galli, Samantha Perreaz, and Carminati F. "Low Doses of Venlafaxine in a Young Man with ASD and Behavioral Disorders: A Case Report." Neuropsychiatry (London) 6, no. 1 (2016): 7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14678061.
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Objective: No specific pharmacological approach to behavioral disorders in patients with severe intellectual disabilities associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exists. Neuroleptics are known to be epileptogenic, and benzodiazepines have an adverse effect on their already limited cognitive capabilities. The possibility of managing behavioral disorders in persons with ASD via antidepressants, namely venlafaxine, could provide a substantial improvement in their overall condition and quality of life and could contribute to the definition of a specific pharmacological indication. Method: The present case report describes the effect of venlafaxine at low doses (18.75 mg/j) in an 18-year-old patient with ASD, severe intellectual disabilities and behavioral disorders. Based on the records kept by the patient’s mother and our clinical observations, we describe the evolution of this young man from birth to 18 years of age. Results: Since the introduction of venlafaxine, the patient’s behavioral troubles improved greatly. There was major progress in attention, and the patient became calm and appeased, able to obey to simple commands and to control his hunger. He became notably less aggressive with himself and others, he became better at managing relationships, and he was more conciliatory and accepting of being touched. Today, this young man continues his apprenticeship of everyday life. He is quieter and has learned simple actions performed in an everyday context. He can smile and lend attention to the environment and to other persons. Some problems remain unresolved, such as movement and double incontinence. Conclusion: The improvement of our patient is challenging behavior shows encouraging progress in the treatment of ASD’s typical behavior disorders. The use of antidepressants represents a substantial improvement in the care of patients with intellectual disabilities, ASD and severe behavioral disorders. These results are evidence of a new pharmaceutical strategy for the improvement of the quality of life of these patients.
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Shaima, Almufarej, Alogailan Basmah, Elnasih Abdulrahman, Almotairi Maha, and Baabdullah Shahad. "Antipsychotic Medication Adverse Effect on Autistic Patients among Saudi Papulation." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 06, no. 06 (2023): 3678–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8084828.
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<strong>ABSTRACT:</strong> <strong>Background</strong>: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent impairments in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. Pharmacological treatments for the core symptoms of ASD are currently lacking, with existing medications primarily targeting associated symptoms and comorbidities such as irritability and psychiatric conditions. Early implementation of behavioral therapies has shown promise in alleviating core ASD symptoms and improving functional outcomes. Combining behavioral therapies with psychopharmacological monitoring is considered a beneficial approach. <strong>Methodology</strong>: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding autism spectrum disorders among general care physicians and psychiatric physicians in a specific region. A self-reported questionnaire, comprising demographic information, understanding of autism, experience with patients with autism, and knowledge-based questions, was administered. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. <strong>Results:</strong> The study included 286 participants, with 59.1% acknowledging inadequate knowledge of autism spectrum disorders. However, 40.2% reported experience in diagnosing and collaborating with individuals with ASDs. Among the participants, 80.8% were aware of the challenges faced by children with ASDs in social interaction, communication, and behavior, while 61.9% correctly recognized the higher prevalence of ASDs in boys. The study also revealed potential adverse consequences of antipsychotic medication use in individuals with ASDs, including weight increase (67.8%), hyperprolactinemia (29.4%), extrapyramidal symptoms (32.2%), drowsiness (56.1%), and cognitive adverse effects (18.3%). <strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study highlights a lack of knowledge among healthcare providers regarding Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). This has implications for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. The study also emphasizes the potential adverse consequences of using antipsychotic medications in individuals with ASDs. Additional education and training are needed to address these knowledge gaps and improve care for individuals with ASDs.
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Elismárcia, Luiz Moura Santos. "COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTIST STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY ABOUT THE SUPPORT TEACHER AT COLÉGIO ESTADUAL DE GOIATUBA (GO)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 1, no. 1 (2023): 19–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8403007.
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Autism is among the Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) most present in people, it is usually detected in childhood and, mainly, when the child starts his school life. Autistic disorders are complex neurological disorders that affect the acquisition of diverse skills throughout life. To be able to help students reach their full potential, it is necessary to understand this disorder and its characteristics, as well as the essential elements for this student to achieve school success. This article aimed to analyze whether students with Autistic Spectrum Disorder can develop their cognitive skills in the school context and the importance of the Support teacher in this process. The methodology used was a qualitative approach and case study, the instruments used were the observation report and a semi-structured interview with the Support teacher and with the teachers of the Portuguese Language and Mathematics subjects. The study concluded that understanding the feelings of the autistic is essential for success in learning to happen, however, the teachers of the curricular subjects do not have training aimed at teaching this group and, much less, availability in the classroom to do so, as generally the rooms are overcrowded, and it becomes impossible to get the individualized attention they need. In this way, the Support teacher is the key piece for learning to take place. Future studies should be more comprehensive and address all students diagnosed with autism in state, municipal, and private schools to understand the importance and essentiality of the Support teacher, since, sometimes, the school system itself has the belief that the regent teacher could teach this student, thus making the presence of the Support teacher unnecessary.
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Lorela, DEMA, KAPO Stela, KOSOVA Jonad, and SALA Eneda. "The Approach of the Albanian Reality to Autism Spectrum Disorder." POLIS, no. 21 (June 17, 2022): 107–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7613373.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities. The ways in which autism, culture and the education system interact have not yet been explored sufficiently, even more so when it comes to Albania. Through literature reviews, interviews, and case studies we aim to further investigate how autism is assessed and treated within the Albanian school system and how culture can affect the parent-teacher-child triangle. We also investigate the implementation of laws and policies regarding inclusive education, and its benefits to autistic individuals, specifically in the development of social skills that further help them to integrate into society. We also try to figure out the difficulties autistic individuals face within the school system and in their day-to-day life in Albania, as well as how Autism Spectrum Disorder affects the families of these individuals. This qualitative study found that the reality in Albania is not supportive enough towards autistic individuals. With further research into the field, we might be able to back this statement up with empirical data as well as figure out how this condition can be improved.
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N., A. Ali, Syafeeza A.R, S. Jaafar A., and K. Mohd Fitri Alif M. "Autism spectrum disorder classification on electroencephalogram signal using deep learning algorithm." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 9, no. 1 (2020): 91–99. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v9.i1.pp91-99.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental that impact the social interaction and communication skills. Diagnosis of ASD is one of the difficult problems facing researchers. This research work aimed to reveal the different pattern between autistic and normal children via electroencephalogram (EEG) by using the deep learning algorithm. The brain signal database used pattern recognition where the extracted features will undergo the multilayer perceptron network for the classification process. The promising method to perform the classification is through a deep learning algorithm, which is currently a well-known and superior method in the pattern recognition field. The performance measure for the classification would be the accuracy. The higher percentage means the more effectiveness for the ASD diagnosis. This can be seen as the ground work for applying a new algorithm for further development diagnosis of autism to see how the treatment is working as well in future.
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Eileen, Owan, E. Heck Diane, and Duck Kim Hong. "Autism spectrum disorder is associated with multifold risks in the process of pregnancy: Imbalance of nutritional, environmental and social behavioral aspects." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 1 (2022): 018–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7664608.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction, communication, and stereotyped behavior patterns. The cost burden for health coverage for ASD is focused on educational applied behavioral analysis and psychotropic drugs to decrease maladaptive behaviors and support learning and development. Determinants of either risk factors or prevention related to ASD covering environmental, social-behavioral, and genetic are still unknown. This review focuses on the multifold risks of Autistic disorder (ASD), including environmental, genetic, and food supplemental concerns and health policies and regulations.
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Manuel, Ojea Rúa. "Cognitive-Perceptive and Psychomotor Relationships in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder." RA JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH 08, no. 12 (2022): 879–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7433386.
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This article analyzes the relationship between symptomatic groups that make up the diagnosis of people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the motor structure themselves to design a global intervention program facilitating integrated psychosocial development. A total of 28 participants with ASD participated in this experimental study. Correlation analysis observed to three variables- dimensions: diagnostic, cognition and psychomotor variables show significant data regarding interactions between to three dimensions statistically calculated. So variables of diagnostic dimension correlate with cognitive variables (r= .896) and with psychomotor dimension (r= 682). Likewise, cognitive dimension correlate significantly with motor dimension (r= .766). Finally, it´s designed an integral systemic psychoeducational program to facilitate global development of people with ASD.
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Valentino, Floriana, Lucia Pia Bruno, Gabriella Doddato, et al. "Exome Sequencing in 200 Intellectual Disability/Autistic Patients: New Candidates and Atypical Presentations." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070936.
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Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) belong to neurodevelopmental disorders and occur in ~1% of the general population. Due to disease heterogeneity, identifying the etiology of ID and ASD remains challenging. Exome sequencing (ES) offers the opportunity to rapidly identify variants associated with these two entities that often co-exist. Here, we performed ES in a cohort of 200 patients: 84 with isolated ID and 116 with ID and ASD. We identified 41 pathogenic variants with a detection rate of 22% (43/200): 39% in ID patients (33/84) and 9% in ID/ASD patients (10/116). Most of the causative genes are genes responsible for well-established genetic syndromes that have not been recognized for atypical phenotypic presentations. Two genes emerged as new candidates: CACNA2D1 and GPR14. In conclusion, this study reinforces the importance of ES in the diagnosis of ID/ASD and underlines that “reverse phenotyping” is fundamental to enlarge the phenotypic spectra associated with specific genes.
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Sagarika, Bhattacharjee. "Study Of Anthropometric Parameters Along With Postural Changes In Blood Pressure In Children With Autistic Spectral Disorders." International Journal of Basic and Applied Physiology 1, no. 1 (2012): 88–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468683.
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Background and Objective: Autistic spectral disorder (ASD) afflicts one out of every 88 children, a 78% increase in the past 10 years along with increasing lifestyle stresses. The Earlier studies suggests that ASD children had larger head circumferences (HC) and abnormalities in central brain structures often associated with autonomic control. As both growth hormone and Autonomic nervous system (ANS) has same site of central control by hypothalamus, therefore, aim of the study is to investigate coexistence of growth abnormality with ANS dysfunction in ASD children. Methodology: An observational CASE-CONTROL study, having 25 age - sex matched subjects (mean age 15 years) each was designed. The CASES satisfied the criteria of ASD according to DSM-IV. The CONTROLS clustered the normal healthy children. The HC, height and weight were measured with a measuring tape and weighing machine respectively. Postural change in blood pressure (BP) was measured with a sphygmomanometer using pediatric cuff. Results: Significantly higher HC (P = 0.0001), decreased weight (p=0.00002), decreased basal metabolic indices (BMI) (p=0.02) was found in CASE compared to CONTROL. Height did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.49).ANOVA application confirms statistical significant variation between group. In both groups , following correlation coefficient were calculated between (1)recorded height-weight-BMI and respective standard 90th percentile values( CDC growth chart) (2) recorded supine BP and expected 90th percentile BP , according to respective age and height percentile (3)HC and BMI (4) BP and height-weight . All the measured correlations show decreased value in CASE then CONTROL. Interpretation: These findings infer the probable growth abnormality in ASD. The Flashing result of fall in systolic BP was seen on assuming the erect posture from supine position in CASES. This implies ANS dysfunction. Conclusion: The above result clearly suggests the coexistence of marked growth abnormality, with ANS dysfunction in ASD children.
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Abdulrazaq, Esraa Emad, and Ghassan Thabit Saeed. "Quantitative Electroencephalography in Outpatient Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: A Case-Control Study in the Child Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad." Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) 5, no. 1S (2023): S113–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v5i1s.318.
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Background: The diversity of autism spectrum disorder presentation necessitates the use of simple tests. Quantitative electroencephalography is a low-cost, simple instrument that is being investigated as a clinical tool for monitoring abnormal brain development. Objective: To study brain waves by computer-analyzed EEG (quantitative EEG) in autistic children and correlate the changes to the clinical severity of autistic children. Methods: The study involved 65 children; 30 were recruited from the autism center and the pediatric neurology consultant in the child welfare teaching hospital, Medical City, and met the DSM-5 criteria for autism. Another 35 age-matched, normally-developed ASD children met the DSM-5 criteria, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, for autism severity. Absolute and relative spectral power measurements were used to investigate brain activity. Results: The absolute and relative delta power increased in the patients as compared to the controls (p<0.05) in all brain regions. There is an association between the disease severity score and absolute and relative delta and theta power in brain areas. The absolute power of the delta wave peaked in the occipital and temporal regions. The relative delta power peaked in the temporal region. Conclusions: The spectrum delta power can aid in the evaluation and classification of ASD. QEEG testing revealed abnormalities in all ASD children and can be a helpful assessment instrument for ASD children.
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Muhamad, Hafiz Hassan, Hidayat Wardi Rainal, Mohd Razali Noraziah, Amy Azura Hishamuddin Nurul, Fakhruddin Ahmad Muhammad, and Mat Nashir@Mohd Nasir Roziani. ""Help ASD's with Fun Way": Detective Looking Chart- Plutchik Emotion Games For Kids Through Vark Model To ASD Children." Malaysia Journal of Invention and Innovation 2, no. 1 (2023): 56–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7645358.
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One of the 17 SDG Sustainable Development Goals announced by the UN in September 2015 is quality education. "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote opportunities for lifelong learning for all" is the focus of SDG criteria number 4. To ensure that children with special needs, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), receive parallel schooling in both their academic and personality components, "Parallel Education." As a complex developmental impairment, autism has no racial, ethnic, or social differences regardless of family income, way of life, or degree of education. Children with autism also have difficulty using their social imagination. In order to better meet their demands for enhancing brain development, the approach in the education sector must identify initiatives in developing teaching and learning resources and tools. For teachers and schools, ministries, communities, parents, guidance (the instructors), and the nation to approach the needs of children, tools for this type of group are required. The disease has a significant impact on three key areas: conduct, social skills, and communication abilities. Additionally, this innovation can be related to behavioural and developmental therapies for ASD in shaping learning that influences parts of cognition and emotion. This game was developed as a teaching tool for autistic kids and serves as a platform to gauge their emotional states using the Plutchik wheel of emotions. The research needs of autistic children in obtaining instruction using the VARK (visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic) model informed the development of this game. This study has created a gameboard to raise the emotional level of autistic children through the cognitive and affective domains, ensuring that their particular sensory needs are met in addition to aiding their psychomotor development. By concentrating on emotional evaluation, the study will also uncover new concerns and requirements for autistic kids who have sensory issues. To assist them in learning, educational items (teaching and learning aids) are created in order to help this target group at any canter of autism.
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Melzow, Fabian. "Von "unwichtigen" Details." autismus - Zeitschrift des Bundestverbandes Autismus Deutschland e. V., no. 90 - Dezember 2020 (December 1, 2020): 61–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4409171.
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Während Nichtautisten deduktiv vom „großen Ganzen“ zum Detail denken, ist es bei Autisten umgekehrt, da sie induktiv denken. Wenn die Kette der logischen Zwischenschritte nur lang genug ist, ist es deshalb wahrscheinlich, das das jeweilige Ende der Kette außerhalb des begrenzten geistigen Wahrnehmungsfenster (was spätestens durch die begrenzte Anzahl an Nervenzellen gegeben ist) des Autisten bzw. des Nichtautisten liegt, so das Nichtautisten die autistischen Details nicht mehr zuordnen können und Autisten nicht die hohen Abstraktionsstufen von Nichtautisten erreichen. English summary: While non-autistic people think deductively from the "big picture" to the detail, it is the other way round with autistic people, because they think inductively. If the chain of logical intermediate steps is only long enough, it is therefore likely that the respective end of the chain lies outside the limited mental window of perception (which is given at least by the limited number of nerve cells) of the autistic or the non-autistic, so that non-autistic people can no longer associate the autistic details and autistic people cannot reach the high levels of abstraction of non-autistic people.
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Leila, Mehdizade Fanid, Shahrokhi Hassan, and Amiri Shahrokh. "Verbal Fluency is Related to Theory of Mind: Comparison in Control Children and with Autism Spectrum Disorder." International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal 9, no. 3 (2017): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.9734/INDJ/2017/32614.
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Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopment disorder, primarily encompassing difficulties in the social, language, and communicative domains. Although neurocognitive impairments in theory of mind (ToM) and in executive functions have both been hypothesized to play a causal role in autism, there has been little research investigating the association of these two aspects with regard to autistic symptomatology. The relation between executive function and theory of mind may involve specific processes of verbal ability and/or working memory capacity contributing to ToM. To differentiate these alternatives, we administered task batteries measuring working memory and ToM, as well as measures of verbal fluency, to 15 children with autism spectrum disorder. The results indicated that children with ASD performed significantly worse than normal children on ToM tasks (Z=4.7, p<0 .001). Furthermore, the results indicated that theory of mind abilities in ASD individuals are strongly correlated with language ability (r=0.52, p<0.05). However, it was found that autistic children's difficulty in attributing a ToM is not due to memory failure.
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Melem, Linda Fangwi. "Enhancement of Communication Abilities in Learners with Autistic Spectrum Disorder via the use of Nature-Expo Therapy in Buea, Cameroon; stakeholders' perspectives." GPH-International Journal of Educational Research 7, no. 11 (2024): 13–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420208.
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Communication is a naturally acquired ability, but it is an uphill task for most learners with autistic spectrum disorders. Absence of time in nature fosters deficiency in areas such as language development and communication skills. This study examined the effect of nature expo therapy on the enhancement of communication abilities in pupils 9-11years with autistic spectrum disorders in the Buea municipality, Southwest Region of Cameroon. The study sought to answer the following questions: how would you describe your child’s communication abilities before the intervention, what kind of natural environment did you expose your client to and what constituted the therapeutic activities and the duration and how does nature-expo therapy impact the communication ability of children with ASD?The study adopted the descriptive survey with a qualitative paradigm where parents and therapists of children with autistic spectrum disorders were interviewed and given opened ended questionnaire to decipher their opinion on the children’s communication abilities. Five Parents and five therapists of five children with ASD of both genders, from the Buea Municipality of the Southwest regions of Cameroon, aged six to eleven years participated in this research. Data collection was done from April till September 2024. It was done simultaneously between parents and therapist to avoid differences in responses in relation to time. Children’s communication deficits were established, and interventions given by therapists. The intervention adopted was nature expo therapy. Parents and therapists reported positive changes in verbal non-verbal and pragmatic language ability for all the children with autism who took the intervention. The study recommended the integration of nature-expo therapy and nature-expo teaching into the everyday activities for children with autistic spectrum disorders.
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Boboc, D., M. Cojocaru, and N. Roșoiu. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME AND THE KETOGENIC DIET IN PEOPLE WITH AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS." Scientific heritage, no. 134 (April 8, 2024): 30–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10939562.
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<strong>Background. </strong>The pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder is not fully understood, but involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune dysfunction factors. The gut-brain axis is viewed as a communication pathway between the gut and the brain and is a two-way communication system. A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut-brain axis participates in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. <strong>Objective.</strong> To evaluate diet as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, review the evidence for the use of metabolic therapies such as the low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder. <strong>Materials and methods.</strong> Autism spectrum disorder is associated with several comorbidities, including gastrointestinal disorders, feeding problems, picky eating, and obesity. The implementation of a nutritional program with the ketogenic diet can have very good results in improving symptoms in autism <strong>Results.</strong> The severity of symptoms in autism is influenced by the appearance of imbalances in the intestinal microbiome and the application of a ketogenic diet can have the effect of reducing them. <strong>Conclusion. </strong>The ketogenic diet could be useful for children with ASD but it is difficult to achieve because they have a selective diet eating only certain foods sometimes for a long time which can be a major impediment.
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Saigh, Budor H. "Hearing aid solutions for children with autism." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 9, no. 8 (2022): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.08.010.
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Children with the autistic spectral disorder (ASD) have difficulty processing sensory inputs, especially auditory inputs. There have been a number of technological solutions that have developed based on different approaches in the form of hearing devices, however, limitations include the inability to successfully allow, through whitelisting, important sounds such as fire alarms and the sounds of cars and car horns. This paper proposes a hearing device supported by an application as a solution for children with ASD, the device is based on blacklisting and whitelisting features that allow for a reduction in auditory input through a selective process and contributes to selectivity through whitelisting for safety purposes. The proposed device will reduce distraction associated with hyper-responsiveness to certain auditory inputs, such as those from teachers or working group members, and increase concentration in the child by having fewer distractions.
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BRITO, Daiane Cavalcante dos Santos de, Paulo Henrique ANDRADE, Daniella Moura GONÇALVES, Neemias Santos CARNEIRO, and Lucas Gerke CORDEIRO. "LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER." RevistaFT 28, no. 130 (2024): 96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10465396.
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<em>Language acquisition is a complex process that relies on biological, cognitive, psychological, and social aspects favorable to the construction of functional language. However, if there is structural or functional impairment during the language acquisition period, there will be damage to the child’s global and cognitive development. The purpose of the study is to describe and present the different characteristics of language disorders in patients with mild or moderate Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and mild or moderate Intellectual disability (ID). It is a cross-sectional and analytical study, for language assessment, we utilized the Language Development Protocol (ADL 2), which analyzes </em><em>Receptive Language (RL), Expressive Language (EL) and Global Language (GL)</em><em>. Convenience sampling consisted of 11 participants, users of the CERIV/APAE assisted in the speech therapy sector. Through this study, we evidenced the implications entailed by language disorders for the global functional development of patients with mild or moderate ASD when associated with mild or moderate ID.</em>
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Al-Hiyali, Mohammed Isam, Norashikin Yahya, Ibrahima Faye, and Ahmed Faeq Hussein. "Identification of Autism Subtypes Based on Wavelet Coherence of BOLD FMRI Signals Using Convolutional Neural Network." Sensors 21, no. 16 (2021): 5256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165256.
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The functional connectivity (FC) patterns of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) play an essential role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) classification models. There are available methods in literature that have used FC patterns as inputs for binary classification models, but the results barely reach an accuracy of 80%. Additionally, the generalizability across multiple sites of the models has not been investigated. Due to the lack of ASD subtypes identification model, the multi-class classification is proposed in the present study. This study aims to develop automated identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) subtypes using convolutional neural networks (CNN) using dynamic FC as its inputs. The rs-fMRI dataset used in this study consists of 144 individuals from 8 independent sites, labeled based on three ASD subtypes, namely autistic disorder (ASD), Asperger’s disorder (APD), and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals from 116 brain nodes of automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas are used, where the top-ranked node is determined based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the power spectral density (PSD) values. Based on the statistical analysis of the PSD values of 3-level ASD and normal control (NC), putamen_R is obtained as the top-ranked node and used for the wavelet coherence computation. With good resolution in time and frequency domain, scalograms of wavelet coherence between the top-ranked node and the rest of the nodes are used as dynamic FC feature input to the convolutional neural networks (CNN). The dynamic FC patterns of wavelet coherence scalogram represent phase synchronization between the pairs of BOLD signals. Classification algorithms are developed using CNN and the wavelet coherence scalograms for binary and multi-class identification were trained and tested using cross-validation and leave-one-out techniques. Results of binary classification (ASD vs. NC) and multi-class classification (ASD vs. APD vs. PDD-NOS vs. NC) yielded, respectively, 89.8% accuracy and 82.1% macro-average accuracy, respectively. Findings from this study have illustrated the good potential of wavelet coherence technique in representing dynamic FC between brain nodes and open possibilities for its application in computer aided diagnosis of other neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression or schizophrenia.
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Nguyen, Thi To Nga, Van Tuan Nguyen, and Xuan Huong Vu. "A Scholarly Review of Research on Enhancing Social Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Through Music Education." International Journal of Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Education 04, no. 05 (2025): 411–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15478981.
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Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show ongoing problems with social communication and interaction, plus limited repeated behavior patterns (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These social skill issues make it hard to them to fit into schools and society. While common treatments like social skills training, Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), and speech therapy are often used worldwide research suggests that music education could help boost social interaction in ASD children. But in Vietnam, this idea is pretty new, without many thorough reviews or practical how-to guides. Studies show that music education activities lead to better social skills in autistic children. Music helps improve eye contact taking turns, copying others, and starting social interactions. Most studies find that groups using music show much better results than those that do not. But how well music works depends on things like how it is done how long it lasts, if parents are involved, and each child's unique traits. Some big controlled studies have shown mixed results, which means we need more research to figure out the best way to use music. This review backs up the idea that music education could help develop social skills in autistic children. It suggests that teachers and experts should mix music into special education programs to boost social interaction and inclusion. The study also points out current research limits and suggests future research topics stressing the need for Vietnam-specific studies and the creation of special music programs for ASD children.
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Alibek, Kenneth, Luiza Niyazmetova, Sean Farmer, and Terence Isakov. "Persistent Inflammation Initiated by TORCH Infections and Dysbiotic Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Prospect for Future Interventions." Research Ideas and Outcomes 8 (December 13, 2022): e91179. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e91179.
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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a range of neurodevelopmental conditions that are clinically present early in childhood with the symptoms of social withdrawal and repetitive behavior. Despite an extensive research on ASD, no commonly accepted theory on the disease etiology exists. Hence, we reviewed several scientific publications, including reviews, preclinical and clinical investigations, and published hypotheses to analyze various opinions on the nature and cause of the disorder. Many studies suggest that infections and inflammation during pregnancy play a significant role in genetic and epigenetic changes in the developing fetus, resulting in an autistic phenotype in a child. Still, there is a lack of comprehensive literature about the multitude of autism inducing factors. Therefore, this article reviews and discusses available scientific evidence on the roles of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, overactivation of the immune system, and intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of ASD. The overview of the scientific publications, including our own studies, suggests that TORCH infections, imbalanced microbiome, and persistent inflammation are significantly associated with the disruption of the social domain in ASD children. The ASD-related changes begin prenatally as maternal-to-fetal immune activation triggered by infection. It results in continuous low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in a fetus, causing germline and somatic genetic changes in the developing brain and the establishment of the dysregulated immune system. These changes and dysregulations result in central and peripheral nervous systems dysfunctions as well as other comorbid conditions found in autistic children.
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A. Alfaifi, Hassan. "The Involvement of Hippocampal Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Role of the Neuropeptide Oxytocin." Brain and Neurological Disorders 5, no. 1 (2022): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9422/014.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder generally signified by a disruption in social interaction and communication combined with frequent repetitive patterns of behaviors or interests. Although the cellular and molecular changes in autistic brains are unclear, the neuropathological abnormalities of ASD have been identified in several brain areas, including the hippocampus. The participation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress to ASD induction and perpetuation has also been identified. It has been reported that the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several neuroinflammatory cytokines are abnormally increased in hippocampal brain area in individuals with ASD. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are also known as major factors for the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Apoptosis is a fundamental process known to regulate cellular growth. Disordered apoptosis and cellular death involve a number of signal transduction cascade steps resulting from the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins and inhibition of antiapoptotic ones. According to many postmortem and animal studies, abnormalities of several apoptotic signaling pathways have been linked to the induction of ASD, one being the p53 signaling pathway. Therefore, agents that can reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress like the neuropeptide oxytocin may effectively manage ASD. It has been shown that oxytocin can reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and improve neuronal cell growth in some neural cell lines. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of oxytocin in the management of ASD through its protective effects against neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampal brain area.
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Anil, Batta. "Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Individuals And Potential Treatment Strategies." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 1, no. 2 (2024): 24–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13835680.
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Autism spectrum disorder ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It is distinguished by repetitive behaviors, trouble in social interacts and difficulty in communications. Recent research has demonstrated a strong association between gut microbiota and ASD. The purpose of this review is to highlight the relationship between gut microbiome and autism spectrum disorder and how variations in gut microbiome leads to severe psychological and autistic symptoms. Methodology used in this review is Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Goggle scholar and PUBMED were used for the collection of data. This review includes a total of 37 studies from the past decade. Our findings revealed that individuals with autism disorder often had variation in their gut microbiome composition and these distinct compositions are associated with behavioral symptoms and many gastrointestinal GI problems. The connection between the gut and the brain has demonstrated encouraging capability. These connections help scientists to come up with new interventions and potential treatments. By using microbiota transfer therapy MTT, probiotics, manipulating the microbiome of the gut and giving patients excusive diets there is a possibility that we can have a positive impact in ASD patients and overcome all the social and GI problems. In conclusion, more research is needed to future study the association between gut and brain and all the underlying mechanisms that link the variations in gut microbiome to the development of ASD. Further studies can open new opportunities for far more better treatments to improve the life of people with autism disorder.
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Lim, Boon Hock, Kok Hwee Chia, and Ban Meng Lee. "A case study of a young adult autistic savant artist." World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Development 3, no. 7 (2017): 90–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15224112.
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This is a single subject case study of a young adult, YH, aged 23 years, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite having a low IQ that places him in the category of intellectual disability with poor ability to communicate, he has an extraordinary talent in creating fantastic artworks-drawing thousands and thousands, if not millions or more, of tiny ants for hours to produce remarkable pictures of animals, places and portraits of well-known personalities. Several of his artworks have also been sold to well-wishers and art collectors at arts exhibitions. This paper takes a closer examination of the case. YH is identified as an autistic savant, highly talented in drawing, but that does not imply he has a high IQ. The phenomenon of YH" s special talent in drawing has been termed as psychomotor and imaginational overexcitabilities.
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Chia, Kok Hwee, and Wensi Yang. "Understanding pain sensitivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorders." Unlimited Human! 2019, Fall (2019): 5–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15227413.
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In this short paper, the authors examined pain sensitivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). They noted that these autistic individuals often show a high neurological threshold level for pain. In addition, they went on to touch on the concept of 3 pain types covers (i) phantom pain; (2) neuropathic pain; and (3) somatoform pain, in relation to ASD. The authors also touched on the three categories of pain in terms of physiological pain, psychological pain, and neurological pain. More importanlty, for pain relief specialists and therapists, the authors argued the need to offer more effective pain management programs to help clients reduce pain sensitivity or correct their perception of pain. Moreover, it is also crucial to pay a very special attention to those who are autistic because of three important factors already mentioned: Factor 1 – a wide range of pain sensitivity (from hypo-sensitivity to hyper-sensitivity); Factor 2 – varying forms of pain; and Factor 3 – a varying duration of pain. These factors can be presented on a radar chart on a client’s pain sensitivity based on clinical observation and measurement.
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Abu-Akel, Ahmad, Ruth C. M. Philip, Stephen M. Lawrie, Eve C. Johnstone, and Andrew C. Stanfield. "T113. CATEGORICAL AND DIMENSIONAL APPROACHES EXAMINING THE JOINT EFFECT OF AUTISM AND SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER ON SUSTAINED ATTENTION." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (2020): S273—S274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.673.
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Abstract Background Accumulating evidence for the co-occurrence Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) at both the diagnostic and symptom/trait levels raises important questions about the nature of their association and the effect of their co-occurrence on the individual’s phenotype and functional outcome. It has been recommend that informing etiological and phenotypic overlaps between ASD and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) would require the utilization of a dual-diagnosis cohort compared with two control groups, each singly diagnosed with ASD or SSD, and that the development of a multidimensional model for understanding the relationship between these two spectra would require cohorts to be described not solely by diagnosis, but also by using dimensional measures that cut across diagnostic boundaries. Research comparing adults with ASD and SPD, as well as the impact of their co-occurrence on outcomes is extremely limited. To fill in this gap, we investigated executive functioning in terms of response inhibition and sustained attention, candidate endophenotypes of both conditions, in adults with ASD, SPD, comorbid ASD and SPD, and neurotypical adults using both categorical and dimensional approaches. Methods A total of 88 adults (Mean Age ± SD = 37.54 ± 10.17): ASD (n = 26; m/f = 20/6); SPD (n = 20; m/f = 14/6); comorbid ASD and SPD (n=9; m/f =6/3) and neurotypicals (n=33; m/f =23/10) completed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) in both its fixed and random forms. Individuals with ASD had a DSM-IV diagnosis of either autism or Asperger Syndrome and met ASD cut-offs on the Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G). All individuals with SPD met DSM-IV criteria for SPD using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II). Individuals in the comorbid group met criteria for both ASD (determined by DSM-IV and the ADOS) and SPD (determined by the SCID-II). In addition, in both the clinical and healthy participants, positive and autistic symptom severity were assessed with the positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSSpos) and the PANSS Autism Severity Score (PAUSS), respectively. Results Controlling for full scale IQ, working memory and medication dosage, group analyses revealed that the comorbid group committed fewer omission errors than the ASD group on the fixed SART, and fewer omission errors than the ASD and SPD groups on the random SART. The individual difference analyses revealed that the PANSSpos and PAUSS interactively reduced omission errors in both the fixed and random SARTs, as well as increased d’ scores, indicative of improved overall performance. Discussion Concurrent elevated levels of autistic and positive psychotic symptoms seem to be associated with improved sustained attention abilities. We propose that sustaining and switching attention may represent two poles of irregularities across the autism and schizotypal spectra, which appear to converge in a compensatory manner in the comorbid group. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the concurrent effect of ASD and SPD at both the symptom and diagnostic levels, and the potential benefit of this research approach to understanding the underlying mechanisms of seemingly overlapping phenotypes.
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Harpreet, Kaur And Jyoti Chhabra. "Development of Functional Clothing for Sensory Sensitivities of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal Of The Textile Association (JTA) 85, no. 4 (2025): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14604562.
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Clothing is especially significant to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) because it not only helps them to feel independent, secure, and comfortable but also decreases the difficulty of using components of dressing, like buttons, zippers, etc. Due to the delay in developing motor abilities, caregivers of autistic children must aid their children in dressing. Most children with ASD have sensory difficulties, and some clothing attributes like texture, seams, and tags can heighten their sensitivities. The study aimed to design functional clothing for children with ASD tailored to their specific needs of reducing sensory sensitivities and stimming behavior. The objective was also to identify and incorporate clothing components that affect motor limitations, psychological concerns, and social demands. The current study involved children from two special schools for ASD. The methodology used a descriptive and exploratory research approach to gather information on clothing requirements, color and texture preferences, and factors that influence sensory sensitivities and stimming behavior in children with ASD. Data was collected through indepth semi-structured and structured interviews with caregivers, occupational, and speech therapists, respectively; informal interviews with children with ASD substantiated by detailed observation of their individual and group behavior. After content analysis, a selection of tops and bottoms was constructed for pilot testing on individuals to assess the wearability, utility, and aesthetics of the clothes. Based on the test results, the final range was created with structural and applied design features appropriate for children with ASD that can address the issues of sensory sensitivities and stimming behavior.
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Dante, Roberto Salatino, and E. Tersoglio Alberto. "Risk of autism in the use of assisted reproduction techniques: An analysis from the Transcurssive Logic." Inter. J. Res. Methodol. Soc. Sci. 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2667475.
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This paper investigates the existence of a relationship between assisted reproductive technology (ART), such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and the birth of autistic children. Based on abundant bibliography (Danan et al, 1999; Cummins, 2000; Riva & Giorgi, 2000; Palmen, 2004; Allen, 2005; Tavano et al, 2007; Palmieri & Persico, 2010; Bolduc et al., 2011, 2012; Stoodley et al., 2012; Konopka, 2013; Lyall et al, 2013; Sandin et al, 2013; Chen et al., 2015; Fountain et al., 2015; Siddiqui et al., 2016; Punamäki et al, 2016; Liu et al, 2017; Babinská et al, 2017; Griffiths & Levy, 2017; Liang et al., 2017) propose that the possibility of transference of paternal mitochondrial DNA through these techniques is a determining factor to be taken into account in the alteration of Ca<sup>++</sup> homeostasis that has been detected in some autistic patients. This condition would facilitate, according to the theory of psychic functioning (Salatino, 2013, 2016), the cancellation of low frequencies (20 Hz) in the brain, which manage the sociocultural system. If we add to this the decrease in the cerebellar Purkinje cells that are usually found in patients with autism, it would explain the alterations of the psychic structure and function that produce deterioration or lack of language and social treatment shown by these patients. Taking Hempel's nomological-deductive method as a guide and complementing it with transcurssive logic, a reasonable explanation can be given to the following hypothetical case: after the use of the ICSI technique, an autistic child was born. Since this technique gives the possibility that part of the paternal mitochondrial DNA, contained in the sperm, passes to the ovule upon fertilization, and produce a case de paternal heteroplasmy. By reviewing the aforementioned etiological aspects, we were able to predict the appearance of the psychic disorders of these children, taking into account structural and functional aspects of the psychic apparatus, with firm neurobiological bases. The hypothetical case analyzed justifies paternal heteroplasmy as one of the possible causes of autism, according to some of the statistics presented by other authors.
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Moessnang, Carolin, Sarah Baumeister, Julian Tillmann, et al. "Social brain activation during mentalizing in a large autism cohort: the Longitudinal European Autism Project." Molecular Autism 11, no. 1 (2020): 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-0317-x.
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<strong>Background: </strong>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with key deficits in social functioning. It is widely assumed that the biological underpinnings of social impairment are neurofunctional alterations in the "social brain," a neural circuitry involved in inferring the mental state of a social partner. However, previous evidence comes from small-scale studies and findings have been mixed. We therefore carried out the to-date largest study on neural correlates of mentalizing in ASD.<strong>Methods: </strong>As part of the Longitudinal European Autism Project, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging at six European sites in a large, well-powered, and deeply phenotyped sample of individuals with ASD (<i>N</i> = 205) and typically developing (TD) individuals (<i>N</i> = 189) aged 6 to 30 years. We presented an animated shapes task to assess and comprehensively characterize social brain activation during mentalizing. We tested for effects of age, diagnosis, and their association with symptom measures, including a continuous measure of autistic traits.<strong>Results: </strong>We observed robust effects of task. Within the ASD sample, autistic traits were moderately associated with functional activation in one of the key regions of the social brain, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. However, there were no significant effects of diagnosis on task performance and no effects of age and diagnosis on social brain responses. Besides a lack of mean group differences, our data provide no evidence for meaningful differences in the distribution of brain response measures. Extensive control analyses suggest that the lack of case-control differences was not due to a variety of potential confounders.<strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contrary to prior reports, this large-scale study does not support the assumption that altered social brain activation during mentalizing forms a common neural marker of ASD, at least with the paradigm we employed. Yet, autistic individuals show socio-behavioral deficits. Our work therefore highlights the need to interrogate social brain function with other brain measures, such as connectivity and network-based approaches, using other paradigms, or applying complementary analysis approaches to assess individual differences in this heterogeneous condition.
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Tsioka, Athanasia, Εvrydiki Kaba, Theodoula Adamakidou, and Paraskevi Apostolara. "DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED AT HOME BY PARENTS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER." Perioperative Nursing (GORNA), E-ISSN:2241-3634 10, no. 2 (2021): 208–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5651596.
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<strong>Introduction:</strong> The parents experience difficulties children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Objective: The study of the subjective experience and difficulties experienced at home by parents of preschool children diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). <strong>Μ</strong><strong>ethod and Μaterial:</strong> Qualitative research with a sample of 6 parents, all residing in the wider Athens area. Data collected with unstructured interviews that took place from September to December 2019. Data analysis was based on the Grounded Theory methodology. <strong>Results:</strong> The analysis of data revealed the following four thematic units: a) Lack/insufficiency of services, b) Need for at-home support, c) Everyday problems, d) Consequences/difficulties. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is a need for a national plan of support for families raising children with ASD, revision of therapeutic protocols, but also more effective sensitization of the whole of society.
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Chan, Agnes S., Mei-Chun Cheung, Sophia L. Sze, and Winnie W. Leung. "Seven-Star Needle Stimulation Improves Language and Social Interaction of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 37, no. 03 (2009): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x09007004.
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This is a randomized controlled trial that aimed to evaluate the effect of the Seven-star Needle Stimulation treatment on children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Thirty-two children with ASD were assigned randomly into the treatment and control groups. Children in the treatment group underwent 30 sessions of stimulation over 6 weeks, while children in the control group were on a waiting list and did not receive treatment during this period of time. Intervention consisted of a treatment regime comprising of 30 sessions of Seven-star Needle Stimulation, delivered over 6 weeks. Each session lasted 5 to 10 min, children in the treatment group were stimulated at the front and back sides of their body and the head by using Seven-star Needles. The change in the children's behavior was evaluated using parents' report and neurophysiological changes were measured by quantitative EEG (qEEG). Results showed that the treatment group demonstrated significant improvement in language and social interaction, but not in stereotyped behavior or motor function, compared to the control group. qEEG spectral amplitudes in the treatment, but not in the control group, were also reduced significantly. The results suggested that Seven-star Needle Stimulation might be an effective intervention to improve language and social functioning of children with ASD.
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Shushpanova, Olga V., Natalia S. Shalina, Elena E. Balakireva, et al. "FEATURES OF AUTOAGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN AUTISTIC AND SCHIZOPHRENIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN CHILDREN." Bulletin of Medical Science 32, no. 4 (2023): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31684/25418475-2023-4-43.
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Relevance. Auto-aggressive harming behavior (ASB) among children and adolescents who suffer from mental disorders of various nosologies is an urgent problem and requires a special approach from the diagnosis and rehabilitation of such patients. Purpose: To identify clinical, pathopsychological and neurophysiological characteristics of ASP in children and adolescents with different etiopathogenesis depending on the manifestation within the framework of ASD and nosologies of the schizophrenic range with affective disorders. Materials and methods. The study included patients being treated in the Department of Child Psychiatry Study of the Federal State Budgetary Institution National Center for Mental Health. Two samples of patients were formed: the first sample included 30 patients (23 boys and 7 girls), the average age was 6.9 ± 2.5 years, with diagnoses according to ICD-10 ‘Childhood autism’ (DA, F84.02), ‘Atypical autism with mental retardation’ (AA with mental retardation, F84.11), ‘Atypical autism without mental retardation’ (AA without mental retardation, F84.12) with the presence of psychotic symptoms during an attack. The second sample consisted of patients with signs of nonsuicidal ASP (with traces of bodily self-harm) with moderate and severe severity within the nosologies of the schizophrenic circle. 25 female children and adolescents were examined, the average age was 14.15±0.95 years, with diagnoses according to ICD-10 of ‘Schizoaffective disorder, depressive type’ (F25.18), ‘Pseudopsychopathic schizophrenia’ (F21.4), ‘Undifferentiated schizophrenia, observation period less than a yea’ (F20.3). Research methods included clinical-psychopathological, pathopsychological, and neurophysiological studies (EEG with spectral analysis and topographic mapping), survey data with psychometric scales. Results. In patients of the 1st sample with ASD, the leading syndrome in the structure of psychosis was catatonic. Self-harm varied in clinical presentation and severity. In 16 (53%) people, self-harm was represented by palm strikes to the head and face, 11 (37%) – hitting the head against various surfaces, 6 (20%) – hitting parts of the body with the palms, and 6 (20%) – biting fingers and hands. The severity of clinical manifestations of ASP in children with ASD corresponded to the data of a psychometric examination: the severity of autism on the CARS scale was 54.3 ± 3.1, according to the general catatonia scale (BFCRS, Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale, 1996) was 32.7 ± 2.5, which corresponds to a ‘severe’ degree of catatonic disorders. A pathopsychological examination of children with ASP within the framework of ASD revealed a delay in psycho-speech development with signs of the formation of a cognitive defect against the background of distorted dysontogenesis with dissociation of cognitive activity, autism, stereotypic behavior, heteroaggression and ASP, emotional flatness and pronounce dnegativism. These children howed diffuse changes in the form of an increase in the level of slow-wave θ activity, which can be considered as an EEG correlate of immaturity, acuity, and regression of mentalfunctions. Behavioral disorders in the second group of patients with nonsuicidal ASP manifest themselves within the nosologies of the schizophrenic circle (F25.18, F21.4, F20.3), occurring with hallucinatory-delusional, psychopathic-like, and negative symptoms of varying severity, against the background of moderate or severe episode with antivital manifestations, without suicidal actions. Often (in 64% of the patients), the course of the underlying disease was accompanied by cognitive deficits with impaired thinking and memory. The total score on the PANSS scale was 102.5 points, on the CGI scale 6-7 points, which corresponds to a pronounced and severe degree of psychopathological symptoms. Pathopsychological analysis in these patients revealed a dissociated type of mental development, a diversity of thinking, disturbances in the form of slips, associations with secondary symptoms, deficits of will and emotions, and disturbances in social functioning. The decrease and disorganization of the α-rhythm and the increased β-rhythm revealed on the EEG were considered assigns of suppression of the activity of the functions of the cerebral cortex and the severity of psychopathological disorders; the dominance of slow θ- and δ-rhythm sindicates the dysontogenesis of mental development with dissociation of cognitive activity and the formation of cognitive deficit.
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Norhaslinda, Kamaruddin, Izzati Mat Razi Nurul, and Waha Abdul. "Correlation of learning disabilities to porn addiction based on EEG." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 1 (2021): 148–55. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i1.2462.
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Researchers were able to correlate porn addiction based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signal analysis to the psychological instruments’ findings. In this paper we attempt to correlate the porn addiction to various cases of learning disorders through analyzing EEG signals. Since porn addiction involved the brainwave power at the frontal of the brain, which reflects the executive functions, this may have correlation to learning disorder. Only three types of learning disorder will be of interest in our study involving dyslexic, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic children because they involved reduced intellectual ability observed from the lack of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical proficiencies. Children with such disorder when expose to the internet unfiltered porn contents may have minimal understanding of the negative effects of the contents. Such unmonitored exposure to pornographic contents may result to porn addiction because it may trigger excitement and induced pleasure. Experimental results show strong correlation of learning disorders to porn addiction, which can be worthwhile for further analysis. In addition, this paper also indicates that analyzing brainwave patterns could provide a better insight into predicting and detecting children with learning disorders and addiction with direct analysis of the brain wave patterns.
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Nenadovic, V., and M. Stokic. "Spectral Power of Eeg Alpha Rhythm During Resting State in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder." European Psychiatry 30 (March 2015): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30481-8.
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Sandeep, K. Reddy, E. Almansouri Bandar, A. Alshammari Rehab, Anwar Nishat, E. Heck Diane, and Duck Kim Hong. "Autism spectrum disorder and molecular imaging following environmental stress: Functional aspects of the risk using multi-omics." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 1 (2021): 027–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5128590.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by complicated phenotypic symptoms, including intervention with social activity, communication, and unusually behavioral abnormality. ASD is a lifelong developmental condition affecting one in 88 children and is considered one of today's most urgent public health challenges. Individuals with ASD tend to respond inappropriately in conversation and may struggle to build relationships. Currently, the prime cause of ASD remains unclear, even though emerging findings emphasize the role of genetic and environmental factors in the development of autistic behavior could be examined. At present, risks such as exposure to unknown chemicals as an environmental factor in ASD are less appreciated. This review will discuss potential risks include air pollution and particle matters in alignment with detection strategies, like multidimensional Omics and the transcriptomic approach, which may empower the capability of predicting potential risk from gene expression to phenotype level as a hallmark of transformation outcome. In addition, this genomic-driven validation process saves time and quality of accuracy in the process of finding molecular determinants in the early stage of disease onset. Currently, the genomics era brings prediction models with various algorithms, and its intervention alternatives speed up to analyze the environmental risk of chemical stressors, such as hazardous chemicals, air pollutants, and/or nanoparticles, in compliance with regulatory measures of exploring molecular determinants associated with chronic disease and metabolic disorders. The value chain of disease prevention along with surveillance platform closely interacts with the prediction of risk assessment using a molecular-based platform. Efficacy of a sequential workout, including exploring, monitoring, and the translational application process in cellular or in vitro systems, could crosstalk with a transgenic animal model. Targeting molecule implication, such as gain- or loss-of-functional reverse genetic technology to verify its functional analysis, multi-dimensional omics could be beneficial in the field of environmental risk assessment, including safety evaluation: food and drug screening in ASD combined with imaging technology.
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Sobia, Ikram Arooj Fatima Mazhar Maria Rafique. "History Taking and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study." Multicultural Education 7, no. 11 (2021): 509. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5737207.
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<em>Autism spectrum disorder is considered in broad neurodevelopmental disorder, experience in roughly 1 in 68 children globally (Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance, 2014). The current paper examined children with autism through the acute illness of child may look challenge to identify in etiological factors, diagnosis and management that can detrimental impact on child life.The complexities stem in great determine from the vital the syndrome’s characteristics. Exclusively, Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is differentiated by impairment in reciprocal social interactions, communication skills, and repetitive, restricted, and stereotyped prototypes of interests and behavior (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, Llaneza, DeLuke, Batista, Crawley, Christodulu, & Frye, 2010). Moreover, ASD is frequently escorted and differentiated by core diagnostic features as impairments in cognitive and attention deficit, adaptive functioning, self-injurious behavior or aggression, and sensory processing disorder (Schaaf, Toth-Cohen, Johnson, Outten, &Benevides, 2011).Single case study technique was used based on experimental design. The Present case study the manifestations of this autism featureson her psychological functioning and personality employinga structured clinical interview and ainclusively psychologicalbattery such as the Gallium Autism Rating Scale(GARS-2), the Standard Progressive Matrices, Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) and the House Tree Person. (HTP).These examinations were helpful in formulating a diagnosis and a treatment plan. She fulfilled diagnostic criteria forAutism spectrum disorder. This combination of projective and non-projective tests may be helpful in establishing sufficientdiagnosis and comprehend the psychological and behavioral problems of child autism cases inparallel cases. The study alsoproposes thatApplied Behavioral Analysis (ABA),Speech Therapy, Play Therapy, and Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) are helpful therapeutic techniques for children with autistic.</em>
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Okoro, Dorothy John, Aniedi Peter Etuk, James Robson Sunday, and Gboyega E. Abikoye. "Psychological Distress among Informal Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Psychology 14, no. 1 (2024): 181–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13312782.
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<em>Taking care of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is extremely demanding, both physically and mentally, and can have a negative impact on the family. It takes a lot of time, effort, and patience to meet the extra care needs of the affected children. This often causes parents and other informal caregivers to experience psychological distress, depression, and other mental health issues. The databases reviewed for this literature review included CINAHL, PubMed Google Scholar and other Open Access gray literature. The literature searches took place between September 2023 and January 2024. A total of 2,605 studies were identified. Of these, 91 Randomized Control Trial studies met the inclusion criteria, and 14 had sufficient data to conduct a systematic review including subgroup analysis. The result of the reviews showed that informal caregivers of people with a autistic spectrum disorder are at increased risk of developing depression, anxiety, and stress, so preventive interventions are need.</em>
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Mohamed, Ikermane, and El Mouatasim Abdelkrim. "Web-based autism screening using facial images and convolutional neural network." Web-based autism screening using facial images and convolutional neural network 29, no. 2 (2023): 1140–47. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i2.pp1140-1147.
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Developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affect a person’s ability to interact socially, and communicate effectively and also cause behavioral issues. Children with ASD cannot be cured but they might benefit from early intervention to enhance their cognitive abilities, favorite their growth , and affect their lives and families in a positive way. Multiple standard ASD screening tools are used such as the autism diagnostic observational schedule (ADOS) and the autism diagnostic interview (ADI), which are known to be lengthy and challenging without specialist training to administrate and score. The process of ASD assessment can be time-consuming and costly, and the growing number of autistic cases worldwide indicates an urgent need for a quick, simple, and dependable self-administered autism screening tool that may be used if a child displays some of the common signs of autism, and to ensure whether or not he should seek professional full ASD diagnosis. According to a number of studies, ASD individuals exhibit facial phenotypes that are distinct from those of normally developing children. Furthermore, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have mostly found utility in image classification applications due to their high classification accuracy. Using facial images, a dense convolutional network (Densenet) model, and cloud-based advantages, in this paper we proposed a practical, fast, and easy-to-use ASD online screening approach. Easily available through the internet via the link “https://asd-detector.herokuapp.com/”, our suggested web-based screening instrument may be a practical and trustworthy tool for practitioners in their ASD diagnostic procedures with a 98 percent testing dataset classification accuracy.