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1
Oktavia, Indriana, and Kiki Verico. "THE AWAKENING OF INVESTMENT CREATION: A CASE STUDY FROM SOUTH-EAST ASIA." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 14, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v14i2.438.
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Abstrak
ASEAN membentuk integrasi ekonomi, seperti ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), AFTA+1, dan ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), untuk meningkatkan perdagangan intra dan investasi antarnegara ASEAN. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti dampak integrasi ekonomi ASEAN terhadap ASEAN FDI (AFDI) dan perdagangan intra ASEAN (AIT). Penelitian ini menggunakan data sepuluh negara ASEAN dan enam negara mitra selama periode 2001-2017 dan di estimasi dengan menggunakan Generalized Least-Square (GLS). Hasil estimasi menunjukkan CEPT-AFTA ASEAN6 tidak dapat meningkatkan AIT dan AFDI. Dampak positif CEPT-AFTA pada AFDI dan AIT hanya terjadi pada tahun 2015, meskipun dampak pada AIT tidak signifikan. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa AFTA+ dapat meningkatkan AIT dan AFDI antara negara-negara ASEAN+6. AEC memiliki dampak positif pada AFDI dan dampak negatif pada AIT. Penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa jika dengan kerangka ASEAN+ menyebabkan investment creation di kawasan ASEAN+6. Untuk memperkuat perdagangan dan investasi, maka pemerintah perlu memperkuat kerja sama melalui Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).
Kata Kunci: ASEAN, FDI, AFTA, Perdagangan Intra, AEC
Abstract
ASEAN created several economic integrations, such as the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), AFTA+1, and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), to increase intra-trade and investment between ASEAN countries. This study aimed to examine the impact of ASEAN economic integration to ASEAN FDI (AFDI) and ASEAN Intra-Trade (AIT). The data consists of ten ASEAN countries and six partner countries from 2001 to 2017. It was estimated using the Generalized Least-Square (GLS). Estimation results showed that CEPT-AFTA ASEAN6 could not increase AIT and AFDI. The positive impact of CEPT-AFTA on AFDI and AIT occurred in 2015, with insignificance on AIT. The study also indicated that AFTA+ could increase AIT and AFDI between ASEAN+6 countries. Contrarily, AEC provided a positive impact on AFDI and an insignificant negative impact on AIT. The study concluded that the ASEAN+ framework causes investment creation in ASEAN and partner countries. The government needs to strengthen cooperation through Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to escalate FDI and trade.
Keywords: ASEAN, FDI, AFTA, Intra-Trade, AEC
JEL Classification: F13, F14, F15
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Chancharat, Surachai, Nuttida Thongrak, and Suthasinee Suwannapak. "Stock market anomalies in ASEAN+6 countries." International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies 1, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijepee.2021.10039232.
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Nguyen, Khanh Doanh, Trong Quynh Ha, and Thi Thanh Xuan Nguyen. "Untapped potential and high-tech trade." Ekonomski pregled 73, no. 6 (2022): 931–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.73.6.5.
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This study aims to quantify the impact of untapped export potential on ASEAN-6 countries’ high-tech exports for the 2006-2016 period. Our innovative aspect sheds new light on the relationship between the untapped export potential in the previous year and export performance in the current year. Using a system GMM estimator, we found several significant results. Firstly, untapped export potential in the last year has a positive impact on ASEAN-6 countries' high-tech exports in the current year. Secondly, the effect of untapped export potential on ASEAN-6 countries' high-tech exports depends on supply competencies (ASEAN-6 countries' human capital and research and development capability) and the bilateral linkage (importing countries' trade barriers and institutional similarity between ASEAN-6 countries and importing countries). Thirdly, supply competencies are the most important when ASEAN-6 countries export high-tech goods to high-income countries. In contrast, the bilateral linkage is the most crucial when ASEAN-6 countries ship high-tech products to low-income countries. Measures to enhance human capital, upgrade research and development capability, promote trade liberalization, and minimize the institutional distance with the trading partners are the remedy for ASEAN-6 countries to tap the untapped potential.
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Sari, Willa Novita, and Alpon Satrianto. "Pengaruh Stabilitas Politik, Kriminalitas dan Daya Saing Global Terhadap Investasi Asing Langsung di 6 Negara Asean." Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v3i3.12370.
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Study aims to determine the effect of political stability, crime and global competitiveness on foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries by using secondary data from 2013 to 2019 and using panel data regresi analysis techniques. The results show that political stability has a positive and significant impact on foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries. crime has a negative and significant effect on foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries. Global competitiveness has a positive and insignificant effect on foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries. And economic growth as a control variable has a positive and insignificant effect on foreign direct investment, foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries. Together, political stability, crime, global competitiveness and economic growth affect foreign direct investment in foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries.
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Kumari Selvarajan, Sonia, Rossazana Ab-Rahim, and Dyg-Affizzah Awg-Marikan. "Does Financial Liberalization Foster Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence from ASEAN-6 Countries." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.21 (August 8, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.21.17103.
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This paper aims to investigate the impacts of financial liberalization towards the economic growth in ASEAN-6 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) throughout the study period of 1990 to 2015 by employing the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimations technique. The proxies for financial liberalization are the domestic private credit (DPC) and the stock market capitalization (SMC); while the indicator for economics growth is represented by gross domestic products (GDP) growth per capita. The results show greater DPC foster the ASEAN-6 economic growth in the long-run and more relaxed loans as well as non-equity securities regimes of the private sector provide greater opportunity and eventually trigger the development of the private sector which result in a healthier economy. Interestingly, the SMC results confirm the positive relationship between financial liberalization and economic growth of ASEAN-6. Hence, the results offer an evidence of the growth-stimulating effect of financial liberalization among ASEAN-6 countries.
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Ginting, Ari Mulianta. "PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL ASING TERHADAP NERACA PERDAGANGAN ASEAN-6." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v9i1.15.
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Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan perdagangan negara-negara ASEAN-6 dan menganalisis pengaruh aliran FDI terhadap neraca perdagangan. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis deskriptif dan regresi data panel. Studi ini menunjukkan perkembangan neraca perdagangan ASEAN-6 dari tahun 2004-2013 secara total surplus. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi data panel, terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara pertumbuhan FDI, GDP dan sektor manufaktur dengan pertumbuhan neraca perdagangan di negara ASEAN-6. Sementara itu terdapat pengaruh negatif antara konsumsi domestik, dan nilai tukar riil terhadap pertumbuhan neraca perdagangan. Hasil analisis regresi data panel mengindikasikan pentingnya variabel pertumbuhan FDI. Hal ini mengimplikasikan perlunya negara-negara ASEAN-6 mengeluarkan kebijakan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan aliran masuk FDI, seperti perbaikan iklim investasi dan pemberian insentif fiskal. This study sets out to explain the development of trade between ASEAN-6 countries and analyze the influence of FDI flow towards the balance of trade. This study utilizes descriptive analysis approach and panel data regression. This study shows the development of the balance of trade for ASEAN-6 trade from 2004-2013 were all surplus. Based on the panel data regression analysis, there is a positive influences of FDI, GDP, and manufacture sector on the balance of trade of ASEAN-6 countries. On the other hand, there is a negative influences of domestic consumption and real exchange on balance of trade. The analysis result from panel data regression indicates the importance of FDI growth variable. This implies a necessity for ASEAN-6 countries to issue policies that could enhance the inflow of FDI, such as improving investment climate and providing fiscal incentive.
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Irfan, Aulia, and Hasdi Aimon. "Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Korupsi dan Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Studi pada Lower Middle Income Countries ASEAN." Ecosains: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 9, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ecosains.11549657.00.
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This study intends to look at the causality relationship between economic growth, corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI) in lower middle income countries in ASEAN. This study uses panel data starting from 2009-2018, which consists of 6 countries in ASEAN using the Vector Auto Regression (VPAR) processing method. The results of this study show that: (1) No causal relationship was found between economic growth and corruption in lower middle income countries in ASEAN, but only had a one-way relationship of economic growth against corruption in lower middle income countries in ASEAN, (2) No found a causal relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) in lower middle income countries in ASEAN, both one way and reciprocity, (3) No causal relationship was found between corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI) in lower middle income countries in ASEAN, but has a one-way relationship from corruption to foreign direct investment (FDI) in lower middle income countries in ASEAN
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Komariyah, Siti, Lilis Yuliati, Moh Adenan, and Fajar Wahyu P. "The impact of pandemic COVID-19 on remittances and macroeconomy fundamental in ASEAN 6." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v10i1.15476.
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Globalization and liberalization increasingly provide opportunities for each country to increase regional and global cooperation. Socio-economic integration is also increasing, along with community cooperation in the regional and global scope. This study aims to determine the effect of remittances and other macroeconomic variables such as FDI, inflation, and export-import on GDP per capita in ASEAN 6 countries. The panel data analysis method used is regression using panel data sourced from the World Bank and ASEAN datasets in the form of annual data. The estimation results from FEM found that exports and remittances showed a significant positive effect on GDP per capita in ASEAN 6. In addition, imports showed a significant negative effect on GDP per capita in ASEAN 6. Meanwhile, several macroeconomic variables that were not significant were FDI, which showed a significant negative effect. Positive but not significant, inflation has a negative but not significant effect on GDP per capita in ASEAN 6. The emphasis on the positive effect of remittances on GDP per capita proves that the flow of remittances into developing countries will help increase income per capita. Vice versa, a crisis that hinders the increase in the enthusiasm of emigrants. The COVID-19 pandemic delays the emigrant's production activities and increases that will hinder the flow of remittances into the country of origin, such as in ASEAN 6 countries.
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Putra, Andre, and Melti Roza Adry. "Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Kualitas Lingkungan di 6 Negara Asean." Ecosains: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 11, no. 2 (November 4, 2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ecosains.12073357.00.
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This study examines the analysis of the effect of economic growth onenvironmental quality in 6 ASEAN countries. This research type is descriptiveand inductive research. The data used is panel data for 6 ASEAN countries fromthe period 2008 to the period 2019. Descriptive and inductive analysistechniques. The inductive analysis includes (1) a t-test and (2) F test with a 5%significance level. The analytical method used in this research is the RobustMethod of Panel Data Regression Analysis. The results of this study indicatethat (1) linear economic growth has a positive and insignificant effect onenvironmental quality, (2) non-linear economic growth has a negative andinsignificant effect on environmental quality, and (3) energy consumption has apositive and insignificant effect on environmental quality. environment, (4)transportation infrastructure has a positive and insignificant effect onenvironmental quality in 6 ASEAN countries.
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Syafi'i, Imam, Fauzan Abdul Syakur, and Muhammad Ghafur Wibowo. "Pengaruh Utang Luar Negeri, Inflasi, dan Pendapatan Negara terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Studi di 6 Negara Asean." WELFARE Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37058/wlfr.v2i1.2672.
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This research was conducted to measure the main influence of external debt, inflation and state income on the economic growth in Six (6) ASEAN countries using a quantitative approach. The population of this study includes 6 ASEAN countries for the periods of 2015-2019 using data from The World Bank. The method of analysis using Panel Data methods. Meanwhile, the model specification test is done by using the Random Effect Model as the suitability model. The results of this current study showed that inflation and GDP partially had a significant and negative effect on the economic growth of ASEAN countries, while the effect of external debt on economic growth is not significant. These findings are expected to make a positive contribution to the government in maintaining economic stability.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh utang luar negeri, inflasi dan pendapatan negara terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di 6 (enam) negara ASEAN dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini mencakup 6 negara ASEAN sepanjang periode2015-2019. Data diambil dari Bank Dunia. Metode analisis menggunakan Data Panel. Sedangkan pengujian spesifikasi model dilakukan dengan menggunakan Random Effect Model sebagai model kesesuaian. Temuan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inflasi dan GDP secara parsial berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi negara ASEAN, sedangkan utang luar negeri tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang positif bagi pemerintah untuk menjaga kestabilan perekonomian.
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Huyen, Nguyen T. T., Tran N. Kien, and Yoon Heo. "Institutional Quality Matters: Evidence from Trade Flows of ASEAN-6 Countries." International Studies Review 18, no. 2 (October 19, 2017): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01802002.
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This study examines the impacts of institutional quality on export patterns of ASEAN-6 countries using panel data from 115 economies over the period 2000–2012. The results of the fixed and random effects estimation methods show that better institutional quality in ASEAN’s trading partners plays a crucial role in the bloc’s export performance. By decomposing institutional quality using different components, we also find that the importers’ legal structure and protection of property rights as well as freedom to trade internationally are important determinants in attracting more exports from ASEAN countries. For exporting countries, the sizes of the government and freedom to trade internationally also play a critical role in boosting trade from the bloc.
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Yoon Heo, Tran N. Kien, and Nguyen T. T. Huyen. "Institutional Quality Matters: Evidence from Trade Flows of ASEAN-6 Countries." Asian International Studies Review 18, no. 2 (December 2017): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.16934/isr.18.2.201712.21.
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Setyari, Ni Putu Wiwin, Tri Widodo, and M. Edhie Purnawan. "Labour Force Effects to Current Account Movement of ASEAN + 6 Countries." Review of Economic and Business Studies 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rebs-2016-0041.
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AbstractHeckscher-Ohlin-Mundell framework suggests that if a country has unexpectedly increased the permanent labour force, there will be a change in the production structure. Increases in the relative proportion of labour-intensive product demand occur and, hence, decrease the need for investment relative to domestic saving, and encourage the current account surplus.This paper tries to fill the empirical studies gap on the effects of the labour force, especially its utilization in the data panel of ASEAN + 6 countries using the generalized method of moments (GMM) used to capture the unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity across countries that often arise in a panel data model. The estimation result shows that the labour force has an asymmetric shock and it only affects the country of origin, even when the financial institution deepening as a control variable is included. The analysis also indicates that labour regulations in these countries tend to be rigid because the speed with which the current account adjusts is relatively slow.
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Chen, Chiang-Ping, Ming-Chung Chang, and Wei-Che Tsai. "Dynamic Energy Efficiency, Energy Decoupling Rate, and Decarbonization: Evidence from ASEAN+6." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211047245.
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Improving energy efficiency is widely identified as shifting energy usage to an optimal status in order to ultimately strengthen a country’s competitiveness and development, and indeed this is of particular relevance to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations plus Six’ (ASEAN+6). The traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach has extensively been employed for estimating energy efficiency, but it does not properly utilize the weight in the DEA model to probe the behavior change of a decision making unit (DMU). This research therefore applies a progressive time-weighted dynamic efficiency model (PTDEM) to estimate the energy efficiency of ASEAN+6 and discusses the issues concerning their energy decoupling rates and decarbonization. The proposed model herein fully considers a DMU’s behavior change by estimating its energy efficiency. Empirical results reveal that: (i) improvements in energy efficiency within ASEAN are greater than in the other six countries; (ii) members of ASEAN still have more room for improvement than the other six countries with regard to achieving the standard ratio of the energy decoupling rate; and (iii) there is no evidence of convergence to decarbonization within ASEAN+6.
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Prasetyo, Christianus Yudi. "SIAPKAH INDONESIA MENGHADAPI MEA?" JURNAL ILMU EKONOMI & SOSIAL 8, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/jies.v8i2.646.
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Countries that are members of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) are facing an era where ASEAN turn into market and single production base, a highly competitive regional economic, equitable economic development, and a region fully integrated into global economy. That era is known as the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), which take effect on January 2016. This literature survey was conducted to determine the position of Indonesia compared to other ASEAN countries based on existing statistical data so as to determine the readiness of Indonesia to face the AEC. Comparison is made on 6 ASEAN countries with the highest economic growth, namely: Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and Brunei. It is important to know because many people are still not aware this intense competition in the era of AEC. Based on World Economic Forum, Indonesia is in 4th position after Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand in terms of competitiveness.
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Setiawan, Sigit. "Trade Liberalization, Consumption, and Real Exchange Rate in Seven ASEAN+6 Countries." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 4(J) (September 4, 2017): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i4(j).1823.
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Trade liberalization has been mushrooming in the globalization era. The trade liberalization policy adoption by one country will be followed shortly by another. Although trade liberalization policy is strongly advocated by international organizations, a few prominent economists argue there is no ‘one fits for all’ policy. Thus, the policy effect altogether with other relevant aspects still needs to be explored in case by case basis, including ASEAN+6 regions. This paper is intended to analyze the relationship of trade liberalization and consumption on the real exchange rate in seven ASEAN+6 countries – the most dynamic region during period 2000 – 2011, a period covering subprime mortgage crisis. With data panel approach, the paper investigates the relationship of trade liberalization and consumption on real exchange rate while taking into account level of country’s income and crisis effect. The resulted model finds significant relationship in the overall and individual effect of tariff and terms of trade change as proxies of trade liberalization, consumption, level of country’s income, and subprime mortgage crisis on real exchange rate.
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Setiawan, Sigit. "Trade Liberalization, Consumption, and Real Exchange Rate in Seven ASEAN+6 Countries." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 4 (September 4, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i4.1823.
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Trade liberalization has been mushrooming in the globalization era. The trade liberalization policy adoption by one country will be followed shortly by another. Although trade liberalization policy is strongly advocated by international organizations, a few prominent economists argue there is no ‘one fits for all’ policy. Thus, the policy effect altogether with other relevant aspects still needs to be explored in case by case basis, including ASEAN+6 regions. This paper is intended to analyze the relationship of trade liberalization and consumption on the real exchange rate in seven ASEAN+6 countries – the most dynamic region during period 2000 – 2011, a period covering subprime mortgage crisis. With data panel approach, the paper investigates the relationship of trade liberalization and consumption on real exchange rate while taking into account level of country’s income and crisis effect. The resulted model finds significant relationship in the overall and individual effect of tariff and terms of trade change as proxies of trade liberalization, consumption, level of country’s income, and subprime mortgage crisis on real exchange rate.
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Uprasen, Utai, Bub-Mo JUNG, Seok-Won LIM, and Tae-Yeong CHOI. "The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic across ASEAN-6 Countries: The Case of Tourism Industry." JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION 32, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 1591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.13000/jfmse.2020.12.32.6.1591.
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Pelkmans, Jacques. "Asean and EC-1992." National Institute Economic Review 134 (November 1990): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019013400109.
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ASEAN, the Association of South East Asian Nations, comprises the fastest growing countries of the world economy. Apart from including the only NIE (newly industrialising economy), not having encountered domestic political or social growth constraints—Singapore, with 11 per cent real growth in 1988, 9.2 per cent in 1989 and 10 per cent, first quarter 1990—it consists of recent record holder Thailand (with growth rates above 10 per cent for three years), Malaysia (growth in the 7 per cent—9 per cent range), Indonesia (recent growth 6–7 per cent), Philippines (oscillating growth due to internal instability) and Brunei (an oil-exporting sultanate). The ASEAN countries do not owe their growth to the integration of ASEAN countries into a free trade area, a customs union or a common market. Intra-group trade liberalisation and economic cooperation are still modest. These growth marvels owe their performance to exports, especially to the OECD countries. The quality and very high growth rates of exports were and still are fostered by foreign investment and imports of intermediate inputs from the target markets.
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Magasházi, Anikó. "The integraton by trade and FDI of emerging economies: The ASEAN example." Society and Economy 37, no. 2 (June 2015): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/204.2015.37.2.4.
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The paper investigates the role of regionalization and regional identity in the endeavours of emerging economies to connect successfully to the global world economy. It addresses the question of whether the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), with its loose institutional integration framework, has contributed to the global integration of its very heterogenous members in the first decade of the 21st century — and, if so, what are the drivers behind this. The paper summarizes connecting theories, using a multidisciplinary approach, and uses descriptive statistical analysis to identify the achievements of the ASEAN-6 countries within global trade and foreign direct invesment (FDI) flows in the given time period. We suggest that ASEAN countries, with their efforts to initiate interconnecting regional organizations in Asia, most specifically the ASEAN+3 (APT) construction, did contribute to greater integratedness of member countries; and they have created a regional image with a common market and production base. Such achievements, however, can be in great part attributed to the micro-level activities of international and regional firms wishing to establish cross-border production networks in these countries.
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Wahyudi, Heru, and Qurrota Ayunindien. "Globalisasi Sosial Berpengaruh Negatif bagi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di ASEAN??" Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v2i1.1418.
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Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of economic globalization, social globalization and politc globalization on economic growth in ASEAN. Research methodology: The analytical method used in this study is the Panel Data Analysis method for 6 countries in 2010 until 2017. The independent variables were economic globalization, social globalization and politic globalization and then support variables is infrastructure. Results: The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between economic globalization, politic globalizatioan and infrastructure on economic growth, while social globalization had a negative and significant effect on economic growth in ASEAN. Limitations: The limitation in this study is not counting all asean countries. Contribution:The results obtained from this study are expected to be one of the references in making policy directions based on the data presented to as a means for ASEAN countries to expand economic opportunities and increase economic growth. Keywords: 1. Globalization 2. KOF Globalization Index 3. Economic Growth
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Ahmad Tajudin, M. H., N. Abu Husain, S. M. Che Husin, N. I. Mohd Zaki, M. K. Abu Husain, A. F. Adanan, M. A. R. Zulkifli, et al. "Establishment of 3D-printed Child Manikins Using Anthropometric Data of 6- and 10-year-old ASEAN Children." Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia 5, no. 2 (September 28, 2021): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i2.161.
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The New Car Assessment Programme for Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN NCAP) has been working hard to increase vehicle safety levels in the ASEAN region. To ensure a significant impact on the ASEAN community, few enhancements need to be made to their test methodology and facilities. As an example, ASEAN NCAP is using child manikins with generic build in their vehicle safety assessment. Meanwhile, vehicle manufacturers and product developers are also using these generic references in their product designs such as the seat restraint system, child seat design, etc. For the improvement of vehicle safety especially for the ASEAN region, dedicated manikins with ASEAN anthropometric measurements are necessary. This paper aims to describe the development of 3D-printed manikins based on anthropometric data of ASEAN children aged 6 and 10 years old. The completed prototypes will be tested using a selected vehicle safety assessment (i.e., Child Restraint System installation) and intended to be applied for design refinement of vehicle safety systems.
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Febrina, Puspa, and Sumiyarti ,. "PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN MAKROEKONOMI DAN KUALITAS KELEMBAGAAN TERHADAP FOREIGN DI¬RECT INVESTMENT DI ASEAN 6." Media Ekonomi 22, no. 3 (December 20, 2014): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/me.v22i3.3194.
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<p><em>Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flow is one of the most important factor in the era of globalization. FDI in domestic receives extraordinay attention due to FDI could expand the production and enchance the performance of financial market. In the atmospher of globalization, FDI is one of the tools for developing countries to increase their economy. This research aims to analyze the factors the influence FDI capital inflow into ASEAN countries, i.e. Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Vietnamin 2000-2012. This research is using the methods of analysis panel data to determine the factors that influence the FDI inflows in ASEAN-6. The factors that influence FDI inflows are Gross Domestic Product, Macroeconomics policy index, institutional quality index, and labor force ratio. Based on the analysis panel data result shows that Gross Domestic Product, Macroeconomics policy index, institutional quality index have positive and significant impacts to FDI in ASEAN-6.</em></p>
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Nguyen, My-Linh Thi, and Toan Ngoc Bui. "Trade Openness and Economic Growth: A Study on Asean-6." Economies 9, no. 3 (August 14, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9030113.
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This paper focuses on examining the nonlinear impact of trade openness (TO) on economic growth (EG) in the Asean-6 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines, and Vietnam). In order to achieve the set research objectives, the authors estimate the research model through the fixed-effect panel threshold approach. Unlike previous studies, this paper finds that there is a nonlinear impact of TO on EG, whereby TO has two threshold values. Specifically, before the first threshold value, TO plays an important role in boosting EG. However, this impact level decreases gradually when TO exceeds this threshold value. In particular, when exceeding the second threshold value, the impact of TO on EG is still positive but has a relatively low value. The research results show that if TO increases to a high level (beyond the threshold value) without combining with other complementary policies, this does not encourage high-efficiency EG. In addition, this study also shows that EG is positively affected by domestic investment and negatively affected by financial crisis. The findings in this paper are of great importance for the Asean-6 countries as well as researchers.
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Suhartoko, Y. B., Adji Pratikto, and Luciana Selvi Susanti Wira. "Determination of Financial Stability Index Between Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN 6) and Its Intracorrelation." AFEBI Economic and Finance Review 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/aefr.v7i1.512.
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The Economic crisis has impacted the disruption of the stability of a country's financial system, including ASEAN countries. In Indonesia, there is a Financial System Stability Committee (KSSK) whose duties are to coordinate monitoring and maintaining financial system stability. KSSK has the authority to set the criteria and indicators for assessing financial system stability conditions concerning the financial system's stability. The second authority is to evaluate the condition of financial system stability based on input from each member of the Financial System Stability Committee, along with supporting data and information. As an economic area with history, ASEAN countries certainly have a relationship, either strong or weak. This study conducted calculations of the financial stability index (Aggregate Financial Stability Index) built from the Morris framework (2010) consisting of sub-index Financial Development Index, Financial Vulnerability Index, Financial Soundness Index, World Economic Climate Index. The calculation results showed that in ASEAN 6, there were fluctuations in financial stability, and there were variations in the correlation of financial stability. Therefore, improving the financial stability in Indonesia needs to consider the existence of financial stability in other countries.
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Ibrahim, Yusnidah, and Jimoh Olajide Raji. "Cross-border merger and acquisition activities in Asia: the role of macroeconomic factors." Studies in Economics and Finance 35, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 307–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-06-2017-0146.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of key macroeconomic factors on the inward and outward acquisition activities of six ASEAN (ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, over the 1996-2015 period. Design/methodology/approach The study uses alternative panel data methods, including pooled mean group, mean group and dynamic fixed-effect estimators. Findings The results indicate that gross domestic product (GDP), interest rate, exchange rate, money supply and inflation rate are the most important macroeconomic factors explaining the trends of cross-border mergers and acquisition outflows of the ASEAN-6 countries. Specifically, GDP, money supply and inflation rate have significant positive relationships with acquisition outflows, while interest rate and exchange rate exert significant negative influence. On the other hand, the authors find four significant macroeconomic factors explaining the trends of the inward acquisitions. Essentially, GDP, money supply and inflation rate have significant positive impacts on inward acquisitions, while the impact of exchange rate is negatively significant. Research limitations/implications Unavailability of data limits this study to pool six sample countries from ASEAN, instead of ten representative member countries. Practical implications The results of this study can signal to firms or investors, involving in cross-border mergers and acquisitions, where to direct foreign resources flows. Moreover, having the knowledge about the relative levels of market size and other macroeconomic factors in both home and host countries can be of great importance for investment decision. Therefore, policymakers of ASEAN countries should make appropriate macroeconomic policies that can stimulate inward and outward acquisitions. Originality/value The main contribution of this paper is that it is the first to present the analysis of macroeconomic influences on the trends of inward and outward merger and acquisition activities in six ASEAN countries.
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Rifqi Mahardika Putra, Calvina Chaeria Ramadhany, and Sofiyanti Salsabila. "MEMBERSHIP STATUS OF TIMOR LESTE IN ASEAN BASED ON ASEAN CHARTER 2007: PROBLEM AND PROSPECT." Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 5, no. 2 (August 3, 2022): 244–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v5i2.796.
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As the youngest country in Southeast Asia, Timor Leste realizes that becoming a member of ASEAN is important, and even the Timor Leste government says joining ASEAN is a priority for the country. Following up on its seriousness, in 2011, Timor Leste officially submitted an application to become a member of ASEAN, but 11 years later, the application has not yet been approved. Based on this background, this study was conducted to determine the current status of Timor Leste's membership in ASEAN based on the ASEAN Charter 2007 and to find out what hinders Timor Leste's acceptance as a member of ASEAN and how the prospects for Timor Leste's membership in ASEAN in the future. The results of this study show that first, in terms of Article 6 paragraph 2 of the ASEAN Charter, Timor Leste's membership status in ASEAN has not been ratified because Timor Leste has not fulfilled all the requirements contained in the article so currently, it is still a non-member observer country. Second, the thing that hinders Timor Leste's acceptance as a member of ASEAN is the use of a rigid and absolute consensus as well as the growing era which makes ASEAN countries increasingly see many factors to accept Timor Leste, then seen from Timor Leste's economic growth which is the slowest in Southeast Asia and one of the poorest countries in the world makes the authors feel that Timor Leste's membership status in ASEAN will not be accepted in the near future.
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Iramayasari, Iramayasari, and Melti Roza Adry. "PENGARUH INKLUSI KEUANGAN TERHADAP STABILITAS SISTEM KEUANGAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI ASEAN." Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 2, no. 1 (July 10, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v2i1.8930.
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This study aims to examine the effect of financial inclusion from the amount of ATMs inclusions and the amount of bank branches inclusions on financial stability and economic growth with deposit rates in ASEAN. This study uses panel data from 2004 - 2017 consisting of 6 countries in ASEAN, that are Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines and Vietnam. The data processing method uses the Simultaneous Panel. Data is obtained from World Bank publications and FRED Economic Data annually. The results of the study explained that (1) Financial inclusion has a significant influence on financial system stability in ASEAN (2) The amount of inclusion ATMs has a significant effect on financial system stability in ASEAN (3) The amount of bank branches inclusions does not have a significant effect on financial system stability in ASEAN (4) Deposit interest has a significant effect on the stability of the financial system in ASEAN (5) financial inclusion has a significant effect on economic growth in ASEAN (6) The amount of inclusion ATMs has a significant effect but has a negative relationship with economic growth in ASEAN (7) The amount of inclusion bank branches has a significant influence on economic growth in ASEAN (8) Financial system stability on economic growth has a significant positive effect simultaneously on ASEAN (9) Economic growth on financial system stability has a significant positive effect simultaneously on ASEAN.
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Iramayasari, Iramayasari, and Melti Roza Adry. "Pengaruh Inklusi Keuangan Terhadap Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan dan pertumbuhan Ekonomi di ASEAN." Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v2i2.12639.
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This study aims to examine the effect of financial inclusion from the amount of ATMs inclusions and the amount of bank branches inclusions on financial stability and economic growth with deposit rates in ASEAN. This study uses panel data from 2004 - 2017 consisting of 6 countries in ASEAN, that are Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines and Vietnam. The data processing method uses the Simultaneous Panel. Data is obtained from World Bank publications and FRED Economic Data annually. The results of the study explained that (1) Financial inclusion has a significant influence on financial system stability in ASEAN (2) The amount of inclusion ATMs has a significant effect on financial system stability in ASEAN (3) The amount of bank branches inclusions does not have a significant effect on financial system stability in ASEAN (4) Deposit interest has a significant effect on the stability of the financial system in ASEAN (5) financial inclusion has a significant effect on economic growth in ASEAN (6) The amount of inclusion ATMs has a significant effect but has a negative relationship with economic growth in ASEAN (7) The amount of inclusion bank branches has a significant influence on economic growth in ASEAN (8) Financial system stability on economic growth has a significant positive effect simultaneously on ASEAN (9) Economic growth on financial system stability has a significant positive effect simultaneously on ASEAN.
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Doanh, Nguyen Khanh, Nguyen Ngoc Quynh, and Yoon Heo. "Impacts of ecosystem vitality on ASEAN’s agricultural exports: A System Generalized Method of Moments approach." International Area Studies Review 23, no. 4 (December 2020): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2233865920957209.
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This study examined the impact of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)’s ecosystem vitality (EV) on its agricultural exports to the rest of the world. Using a sample of the six major ASEAN countries (ASEAN-6) (including Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) and their 72 trading partners for the period 2007–2016, we found robust evidence of a positive relationship between the quality of EV and the volume of agricultural exports. At the sectoral level, the quality of EV had the most substantial effects on the ASEAN’s exports of SITC-0 (food and live animals) and exerted the least impact on the ASEAN’s exports of SITC-2 (crude materials, inedible, except fuels). This empirical evidence implies that natural resource-intensive products are more sensitive to the quality of EV. At the country level, EV has the most potent effect on the ASEAN’s agricultural exports to high-income countries and the least impact on the ASEAN’s agricultural exports to low-income countries. To promote agricultural exports, especially to high-income countries, our empirical results suggest that ASEAN countries need to build specific and effective plans for conservation of environment and management of sustainable ecosystems. JEL Classification: C33, F14, and Q56
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Kartika, Astriyani Prima, Jubaedah Jubaedah, and Fitri Yetti. "ANALISIS EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TERHADAP PASAR SAHAM ASEAN." SAR (Soedirman Accounting Review) : Journal of Accounting and Business 2, no. 2 (December 16, 2017): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.sar.2017.2.2.588.
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This research aims to analyze the performance of Indonesia Stock Exchange to ASEAN stock market during period 2012-2016. The technique of determining the sample using purposive sampling method and 6 countries as sample are Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam and Philippines. Hypothesis testing in this study using Descriptive Statistics Analysis, Test Run and Kolomogorov Smirnov with a significance level of 0.05. Test results show that: (1) Indonesia Stock Exchange has the highest efficient rating in ASEAN stock market (2) ASEAN Stock Exchange effect on Indonesia Stock Exchange. (3) The Indonesia Stock Exchange has a stock return pattern that fluctuates normally in the ASEAN stock market.div>
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Khumma, Pattarawan. "Manager Online’s Policy and Management toward the Association in ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 848 (July 2016): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.848.219.
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. This research aims to examine the changes of policy, news management, and production of Manager Online website as Thailand is joining ASEAN economic community (AEC). In result, it was found that there are minor changes on the policy of Manager Online website in preparation for the association with ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) since its executive gave priority to Asia news from the beginning. The China’s corner news category collects various news and articles about China. Indochina news category suggests that its executive gives more precedence to ASEAN countries than other news agencies. In preparation for the association with ASEAN Economic Community in 2015, the website executive has added Japanese table news category in response to readers’ increasing interest in Japan. Moreover, Japan is important for ASEAN as it collaborates with ASEAN+3 and ASEAN+6. The practitioners are satisfied with executive’s policy, the current web design and feedback. The website’s strength is in its content that meets the needs of working age people, who have purchasing power. And the advertisers are also satisfied with the existing number of web users and web content. To respond to the association with ASEAN Economic Community in the future, the webmaster look for additional sources of news in order to attain more news from other ASEAN countries apart from Indochina countries, for example, collaborating with knowledgeable persons in national and international mass media and academic societies to obtain accurate and interesting articles for the website. This is beneficial for creating distinctive point for competitive and educational purposes. The Conclusion of quantitative research, from analysis on the questionnaire, it can be concluded that Manager Online website is able to satisfy the clients’ needs at satisfying level.
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Safitri, Karin Amelia. "The Impact of the Life Insurance on Economic Growth in ASEAN." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2018): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v2i2.259.
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The development of the insurance business in ASEAN has an impressive growth in the course of recent years. Reverse statement from Ouédraogo et al., (2016) who explained the level of life insurance development in developing countries remains low comparatively to developed countries. The ASEAN insurance industry, with the increasing number of insurance companies and people using insurance services, can even play a greater role in supporting overall economic growth in that region. This study aimed at examining the contribution of life insurance sector which is measured by three parameters e.g insurance penetration, insurance density and premium volume to the economic growth in the sample of 6 developing countries on ASEAN religion during 2005-2015 period i.e. Singapore, Malaysia, Phillipine, Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia. The analytical method is applied by using fixed effect model. The result of this study showed that the life insurance premium volume, penetration and density have positive effects on economic growth.
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De En Goh, G. R. "Smart contract disputes and public policy in the ASEAN+6 region." Digital Law Journal 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 32–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2022-3-4-32-70.
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Smart contracts provide some benefits, such as better facilitation for contracting parties to monitor performance of their obligation and reducing the cost spent monitoring the contract. However, it is critical to understand various limitations of this concept as well as many legal and public policy uncertainties around it. Given the non-existence of an “universal rule” that governs smart contracts, the issues vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The article applies comparative legal method to analyse the legal regulation of smart contracts in ASEAN+6 countries as well as the leading jurisdictions in the sphere of implementing digital technologies in the economy. Due to public policy considerations, there are different scenarios of smart contract development. The possible outlook is that ASEAN+6 countries would not accept smart contract as contract, cryptocurrency as property, and/or enforcing foreign awards that relate to smart contract disputes and/or cryptocurrency. Another possible way out of the deadlock is to govern relations under smart contracts by the UNIDROIT Principles. However, if the parties do not opt for such a solution, the determination of the applicable law will be left to the relevant conflict-of-laws rules with all of the uncertainties. Therefore, the author suggests that supranational laws is the better path for avoiding uncertainties in smart-contractual relationships.
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Azmin, N. A. M., Z. Ahmad, R. Mahmood, A. S. M. Zahari, and H. Hendar. "The Dynamic Linkages between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Factors in ASEAN Countries." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1102, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1102/1/012038.
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Over the past several decades, there has been tremendous expansion in both the global economy and population, with Asia leading the way. In accordance with this, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region has been on path to achieve a variety of development goals. Some of the challenges resulted a steady performance by 2015 compared to 2000, however, many other challenges are needed to overcome such as persistent hunger, inequality, cities’ pollution, and deforestation. ASEAN has joined the rest of the world in combatting climate change. Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in the region have been escalating in conjunction with the region’s industrialisation based on fossil-fuel generation and associated land-use change. Therefore, this paper is conducted to examine the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), energy consumption, and economic crisis in the long run equilibrium. Panel cointegration test is used for six (6) ASEAN countries spanning from 1970 to 2020. Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) is applied to test the relationship of the model in the long run. Finding revealed that the whole variables are cointegrated in the long run equilibrium. Energy consumption and economic growth are found to be significant in overall result. FDI and economic crisis did not reveal to be significant in affecting the emission CO2. However, mixed results are found when tested in each of the six countries in ASEAN. Considering the development of economic and the increase of energy consumption in ASEAN countries with severity of risks, including the economic crisis and pandemic, policymakers should develop effective and enforceable processes that lead to decisive solutions to control CO2 emission.
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Heo, Yoon, and Nguyen Khanh Doanh. "Trade Flower and IPR Protection: A Dynamic Analysis Of the Experience of ASEAN-6 Countries." International Studies Review 16, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01601004.
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This paper examines the impacts of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection in foreign markets on ASEAN countries' exports for the period 2005 - 2010 using a dyanamic panel data model, which allows us to account for persistence effect. In order to solve the inconsistency of OLS in a dynamic modelling, we opt for the system GMM estimator because it helps researchers overcome the problems of serial correlation,heteroskedasticity, and enogeneity for some explanator variables. Our reselts are robust and summarized as follows. first, reinfoced IPR protection in foreign countries has a positive effect on ASEAN'S exports, indicating the dominance of market expansion effect. Second, regardless of the level of economic development in importing countries, stronger IPR protection induces ASEAN's exports to foreign countries. Third, the trade impacts of IPR protection are strongest in high-income trading partners, followed by medium-income,and finally, low-income partner countries. Fourth,at the sectoral level, the effect of IPR protection is found to be the strongest for capital-intensive exports to highly developed countries.
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Sari, Agatha Christy Permata, and David Kaluge. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES PADA TAHUN 2011-2016." Jurnal Ilmiah Bisnis dan Ekonomi Asia 11, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32812/jibeka.v11i1.26.
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Economic Growth becomes the important factor to measure how success economic state. Therefore, many country will always try to increase their economic growth for the priority target that must be reached.this research has purpose to present which factor that can influence economic growth in ASEAN member countreias.t There is 10 countries being the sampe country, which is Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines,Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar,and Cambodia. This research use Panel Data Regression, Generalized Least Square (GLS) method and fixed-effect estimation model by using analytical tools help in processing the data which uses Eviews 9 programm. Data is panel data of all ASEAN member countries in 6 year period (2011-2016). Varible that used are : GDP, Import, Export, Foreign Direct Inverstment, Competitiveness Index, Government Expenditure, and Labor force. The result is each independent variable can explain 99,4126% of dependen variable. Which is, IM (import) variable is the only one variable that has positive significant influence to economic growth. The finding from this research is economic growth phenomenon that occurred in ASEAN is greatly influenced by consumption rather than investment and production. So, almost the entirety of economic growth can be measured by consumption side.
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Sahabuddin, Zainal Abidin, and Stevanus Adree Cipto Setiawan. "BALANCE SHEET EFFECT SEBAGAI PENENTU DETERMINAN STRUKTUR MODAL ENAM BURSA EFEK PADA NEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN." Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing dan Informasi 12, no. 3 (December 18, 2012): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/mraai.v12i3.603.
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<span>Balance sheet effect is due to the relationship between the external and internal<br /><span>factors. The purpose of this study is to obtain the result: firm size, firm growth, financial <span>risk, asset structure, non debt tax shield on capital structure; influence of internal <span>factors, the influence of internal and external factors of the company’s capital structure. <span>The research was conducted in countries of ASEAN<span>6<span>, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, <span>Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Unit of analysis of this study is that corporations have huge capitalization in 2008 until 2011. Data analysis using regression method Simultaneous and panels. The results showed: the size of the company has a<br />positive and significant impact on the capital structure for ASEAN6 countries; growth has a negative and significant impact on the capital structure in the country of Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand; financial risk has a negative and significant impact on the capital structure in Singapore , asset structure has a positive and significant impact on the capital structure for Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines; non-debt tax shield and a significant negative effect on the capital structure for the State of Indonesia<br />and Malaysia, the interest rate has no significant effect on the capital structure in cASEAN 6 countries; foreign exchange rate has a positive and significant effect for the Philippines; rate of inflation on capital structure has a negative and significant impact to the state of Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam while Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore have a positive and significant impact; economic growth on the capital structure has a negative and significant impact to the state of Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam while Negara Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore have a positive and significant impact; contained internal influence on the capital structure for six ASEAN countries; There are internal and external influences on capital structure for ASEAN6<br />countries.<br />Keywords: Balance Sheet Effect, Internal and external factors, and capital structure.<br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
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Tjondro, Elisa, Margaretha Oerip Cintya, Silvia Seto, and Yemima Gracia Suherman. "Do Digital Innovation and Risk Disclosure Control Performance? Evidence from Banking in ASEAN-6." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi 6, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jia.v6i2.33321.
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The aim of this study to explain the influence of digital innovation and risk disclosure on bank performance in ASEAN countries. The research sample was 70 banks in ASEAN from Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore, and Vietnam in the 2015-2018 period in which the annual reports used dual language or English. The study used regression panel analysis. Digital innovation and risk disclosure used content analysis. Indicators of digital innovation used digital branches and mobile banking. The results of the study found that the higher the digital innovation, the greater the bank profitability. However, only mobile banking has a significant effect. The next finding is the disclosure of potential risks in the annual report gave a negative signal to ASEAN banking, resulting in lower bank profitability. The uniqueness of the ASEAN setting is dominated by a very large, dynamic, and rapidly adapting population of productive age to digital technology.
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Setyawan, Dhani, Rakhmin Dyarto, Hadi Setiawan, Rita Helbra Tenrini, and Sofia Arie Damayanty. "EXAMINING THE DRIVING FORCES AFFECTING ENERGY INTENSITY DURING FINANCIAL CRISIS: EVIDENCE FROM ASEAN-6 COUNTRIES." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 10, no. 5 (August 10, 2020): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9565.
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Yoon Heo and Nguyen Khanh Doanh. "Trade Flows and IPR Protection: A Dynamic Analysis of the Experience of ASEAN-6 Countries." Asian International Studies Review 16, no. 1 (June 2015): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.16934/isr.16.1.201506.59.
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Lairi, Nurhikmah Ola, and Cheng-Wen Lee. "The Effect of Changes in GDP and Interest Rate on Savings: Panel Data Evidence on 6 ASEAN Countries." Business and Management Studies 2, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v2i3.1699.
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The objecive of this study is to examine the relationship between GDP, Interest rate and saving across the ASEAN-6 countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines and Thailand using Panel Data Econometrics. This paper uses Hausman Test to come up with fixed effect model as the best model. The study found the positive relation between GDP and Interest rate with saving.
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Romyen, Arisara, Chukiat Chaiboonsri, Satawat Wannapan, and Songsak Sriboonchitta. "Multi-Process-Based Maximum Entropy Bootstrapping Estimator: Application for Net Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN." Economies 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7030064.
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Due to a broad consensus in the engaging of global economic integrations, host countries encounter a number of challenges, especially in international capital mobility. Foreign direct investment (FDI) becomes a pillar for economic development. This study explores which Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-6 countries are good representatives to inform the directions of FDI. For computational modelling, the AR-GARCH model was created using the maximum entropy bootstrap estimation. Nonparametric techniques consisting of the maximum entropy bootstrap method and cross-entropy algorithm were applied. The results show that Indonesia has the nearest cross-entropy (CE) value compared to the whole entropy value, followed by Thailand and Singapore. Furthermore, it is consistent with the first- and second-order stochastic dominance analyses. Additionally, the structural dependence of capital movements is displayed to deeply investigate the capital flow relation among the countries. Consequently, the performances of FDI in Indonesia, Thailand, and Singapore can significantly convey the scenario of FDI across ASEAN.
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Hill, Hal. "ASEAN Economic Development: An Analytical Survey—The State of the Field." Journal of Asian Studies 53, no. 3 (August 1994): 832–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2059732.
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The six countries of the association of southeast asian nations, ASEAN (comprising Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand), together constitute only about 1.5 percent of the world economy. In the East Asian context, they tend to be overshadowed by the larger, more industrialized Northeast Asian NIEs (newly industrializing economies), and the recent extraordinary growth of China. But ASEAN is far more important than its economic share might suggest. First, most of the economies are growing much faster than the rest of the world. This means their share of the world economy is rising. It also means that, unless the good performance is due wholly to luck or good fortune, there must be something about these economies, their organization, and their public policies, that other, poorer performing countries could well emulate. Second, ASEAN is more important according to other yardsticks. Its share of the world's population, 6 percent, is four times its share of the economy. Moreover, most of these economies are outwardlooking in orientation, with the result that the region's trade share is about three times its share of the world economy.
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Veneracion-Rallonza, Ma Lourdes. "Building the Women, Peace and Security Agenda in the asean through Multi-Focal Norm Entrepreneurship." Global Responsibility to Protect 8, no. 2-3 (May 24, 2016): 158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00803005.
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Women, Peace and Security (wps) as a global agenda has gained traction since it was institutionalized in the United Nations Security Council fifteen years ago. By December 2014, 46 out of 193 Member States of the United Nations have adopted their National Action Plans to systematically implement their respective country commitments to wps. To date, 24 of the countries with National Action Plans are in Europe while 13 are in Africa; the Asia Pacific Region has 6 and the Americas have 3. In Southeast Asia, only the Philippines has developed a National Action Plan within the framework of the wps while other countries integrated it in the existing broad policy and programmatic frames such as addressing violence against women. At the level of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (asean), taking on the agenda of women, peace and security has yet to move beyond communicative rhetoric. This paper is an attempt to explore how wps can be made part of the regional agenda on human protection and mass atrocities prevention, by mapping out discursive and institutional entry points within several asean Member States and within asean itself through the idea of multi-focal norm entrepreneurship.
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Mohd Zaki, N. I., S. M. Che Husin, M. K. Abu Husain, N. Abu Husain, A. Ma’aram, A. Jusuf, J. Carmai, Y. Ahmad, and K. A. Abu Kassim. "Development of Anthropometric Database for ASEAN NCAP: A Case Study of Malaysian Children Aged 6 Years Old." Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia 4, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v4i2.39.
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With the rapid growth of human populations throughout the globe, physical characteristics of human body composition may have significant variation, particularly in height and weight. Access to this information is vital for any product development programs, especially when it comes to safety aspects; hence it is particularly important to the New Car Assessment Program for Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN NCAP) as the champion of vehicle safety in ASEAN region. This paper aims to describe the development of anthropometric database for ASEAN NCAP. Tasks such as identification of important anthropometric parameters, methodology of measurement and data analysis are explained. A total of 42 anthropometric parameters were measured using direct measuring methods; however only 8 parameters are discussed in this paper. As a case study, a total of 143 Malaysian children aged 6 years old have participated in the anthropometric measurement activity. Statistical information including the mean, standard deviation, 5th percentile, 50th percentile and 95th percentile for each parameter for various body dimensions were tabulated. The collected data and mean of 42 parameters are utilised further for the development of digital 3D-models (using SolidWorks) of the Malaysian children aged 6 years old.
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Hidayat, Adrian. "Integrasi Ekonomi Asia: Solusi Asia Menghadapi Krisis Global 2008." Winners 9, no. 2 (September 30, 2008): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/tw.v9i2.725.
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No economies throughout the region managed to escape from the "global economic crisis in 2008" that was initiated in the United States. This is a logical consequence of the global economy that has been rolling along. The world economy is increasingly becoming more integrated and interdependent with one another. Exposure stems from the economic crisis in the prolonged United States subprime mortgage financial crisis, and eventually dragged the European economy, and also Asia. The Asian region was only affected, but even if only the impact of course, was enough to overwhelm the Asian region since the crisis has a major impact on a country's foreign exchange reserves. Therefore, after the G-20 summit held in Washington on November 15, 2008, the three major Asian countries, namely China, Japan and South Korea held a summit in Fukuoka Japanese initiative, which was attended by the three heads of government. This summit was to bring fresh air for the Asian region, because in addition to having a positive impact on Asian stocks, it also provides a new self confidence that Asia has formed an alliance that would at least fortify themselves (region) with the resulting stimulus policy. This initiative to find a solution is eventually expanded, and was welcomed by ASEAN countries, known as ASEAN Plus Three. Since in Asia there is already the East Asia Summit (East Asia Summit), the negotiations and the name of the group changed into the 6 partner countries of ASEAN. These six countries are Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and India.
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Benson, Linh, and Ha Dai Sinh. "Global Economic Policy Response in Asean Welcomes Changes in Market Behavior Towards the New Normal." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study 2, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrems.v2i2.109.
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This article addresses the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate, normally used to determine how quickly economic growth has contracted in a region, i.e. adverse growth. Thus, the Finance Ministers and the ASEAN Central Bank Governors have decided on a number of promises, including (1) that exceptional policy responses to resolve this pandemic would be washed away to restore economic activity. (2) to enhance the economic and financial monitoring efficiency of the area, and to promote readiness to act as an efficient financial safety net in the region and as an essential component of the global financial security net of the Chiang May Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM). (3) to facilitate greater intra-ASEAN exchange and investment by setting up eligible ASEAN banks (4) funding for local currency use programs for settlements, foreign investments and other operations between ASEAN countries, such as revenue and transfer transactions. (5) supports the advancement of partnership in the area of the funding of infrastructures, in the context of many recommendations to facilitate private investment growth, among other steps. (6) to promote initiatives to use digital financial services to enhance the financial inclusion of the area and to enhance cooperation on various cyber risk management material.
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Chaisse, Julien, and Richard Pomfret. "The RCEP and the Changing Landscape of World Trade." Law and Development Review 12, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 159–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0058.
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Abstract This article provides a detailed economic and legal analysis of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with regard to foreign investment with the objective to give an assessment of the impact of this new treaty on investment policies and flows in the Asia-Pacific region. Part One analyzes recent foreign direct investment flows in the ASEAN+ 6 countries, focusing on sectors of rapid growth and participation in global value chains and offers an overview of the RCEP rules on investment from an economic and legal perspective. Part Two analyzes the impacts of deep integration agreements on investment, as in the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement and RCEP’s rules on investment, with particular emphasis on the actual and potential role of small and medium-sized enterprises. The final section looks forward, with best case and plausible-scenario analysis of future impacts on FDI within RCEP, if deep integration progresses among the 16 countries.
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Putri, Riska Dewi, and Hasdi Aimon. "Analisis Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Pengguna Internet, Kemiskinan dan Korupsi di Negara ASEAN: Lower Middle Income." Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 4, no. 2 (July 13, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v4i2.13317.
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This study aims to identify and analyze the response between economic growth, poverty, and corruption in in ASEAN lower middle income countries. Type of this research is descriptive and associative, used a secondary panel data from 2010 to 2017. This research was conducted using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model through the analysis of Impulse Response Funtion (IRF) and Variance Decomposition (VD) to determine the variability response of a particular variable due to the shock of other variables. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The variability of economic growth is not contributed by the poverty shock in the short term, but in long term the variability of economic growth is contributed by the poverty shock in ASEAN countries:Lower Middle Income. (2) In the short term and long term variability poverty is contributed by the economic growth in ASEAN countries:Lower Middle Income. (3) The variability of poverty is not contibuted by the shock of corruption in the short term, but in the long term the variability of poverty is contributed by the shock of courruption in ASEAN countries:Lower Middle Income. (4) In the short and long term variability curruption is contributed by the shock poverty in ASEAN countries:Lower Middle Income. (5) In the short and long term variability curruption is contributed by the shock economic growth in ASEAN countries:Lower Middle Income. (6) The variability of economic growth is not contributed by the curruption shock in the short term, but in the long term the variability of economic growth is contributed by the curruption shock