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Journal articles on the topic 'ASEAN countries'
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1
Rogozhina, Nataliya Grigorievna. "Regional Security in South-East Asia in the Context of American “Indo-Pacific Region” Project." RUDN Journal of World History 12, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 338–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-4-338-353.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the position of the countries of South-East Asia on the construction of security architecture in the region within the framework of the Indo-Pacific region project in the format promoted by the USA. The article examines in detail the factors that determine the attitude of Southeast Asian countries to the American doctrine of free and open Indo-Pacific, which they assess as strategically risky and leading to deformation of the existing security system in the region with the loss of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) its central role in ensuring its stability. The response of the Southeast Asian countries to external challenges was the formation of their own concept Aseans - "Outlook On The Indo-Pacific, which reflects their views on the nature of the relationship within the emerging community. The author analyzes in detail the content of the ASEAN doctrine, which emphasizes the promotion of economic cooperation between the countries of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, in contrast to the geostrategic orientation of the American concept. Three main areas of cooperation are distinguished - maritime cooperation, the development of connectivity and interaction in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Offering such a format for engaging, ASAEN countries proceed from the need to strengthen trust between countries as the most important condition for maintaining peace and order in the region based on the traditional principles of ASEAN. These include: openness, transparency, inclusiveness, rules-based world order anchored on international law, respect for sovereignty, non-interference, equality, mutual trust and respect. ASEANs position remains unchanged in maintaining its central role in the evolution of the regional security architecture. Speaking from the position of multirealism, ASEAN sees a way to overcome the conflict of interests in the region in the context of escalating rivalry between the US and China, in creating a synergistic security system based on mechanisms associated with ASEAN. In the ASEAN concept, India-Pacific Region appears as a region of dialogue and cooperation, rather than competition, open to participation of China in the project. The author comes to the conclusion that such format is justified both from the point of view of strategic interests of the countries of Southeast Asia and the whole region, if the relations within it are based on the principles advocated by ASEAN. However, as the author emphasizes, the project proposed by the Southeast Asian countries raises many questions, the main of which is its feasibility in the context of the emerging split of the region along the axis of US-China rivalry for leadership in Asia. Nevertheless, as the author notes, the tendency to strengthen economic cooperation between the countries located in the basin of two oceans creates the basis for the growth of their interest in developing a stable security architecture.
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Suhartono, Suhartono. "Productive efficiency of banks in ASEAN countries." Banks and Bank Systems 12, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(2).2017.09.
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This study examines the determinants of productive efficiency of banks operating in 8 member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This study uses the economic theory approach to examine the existence of economies of scale on the ASEAN banking market, especially its impact on cost efficiency. The author applies a concept of average cost (AC) as a proxy for the productive efficiency. He finds that economies of scale exist on the banking market and economies of scale and scope should be considered in the industrial policy. Stronger capital position is also positive to banks’ efficiency and means that stronger capitalized banks are more efficient. Bank that remunerates better tends to be more efficient as a result of economic capital effect.
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최영석. "Intra-Industry Trade of ASEAN Countries with East Asian Countries." 동남아연구 25, no. 2 (September 2015): 311–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21485/hufsea.2015.25.2.012.
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Wong, Wai Peng, and Qiang Deng. "Efficiency analysis of banks in ASEAN countries." Benchmarking: An International Journal 23, no. 7 (October 3, 2016): 1798–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-11-2013-0102.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore various efficiency aspects of banks in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in light of their remarkable growth in recent years. Design/methodology/approach The authors used various data envelopment analysis technique to measure the relative efficiency for a sample of 39 banks in four ASEAN countries over 2000-2010. Findings The analyses reveal three findings: first, Malaysian banks are more efficient comparatively to the other three ASEAN countries. Second, large-sized banks in ASEAN are less cost efficient. Third, government banks in the ASEAN region exhibit a substantial improvement in efficiency throughout the years, in contrast to the non-government banks. Originality/value Efficiency analysis of banks in ASEAN countries, particularly covering this large period, that is, from 2000 to 2010 is very limited, in fact nil. Hence, this paper contributes to the finance and banking areas by providing a detail analysis of banks’ performance in the ASEAN region. This paper thus provides powerful insights to policy makers and bank managers in setting appropriate strategy for financial institutions in the region.
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AK, Syahmin, and Fidelia Fidelia. "The International Cooperation to Eradicate Illicit Firearms Trafficking in Southeast Asian Region." Sriwijaya Law Review 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol2.iss2.121.pp183-192.
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The term of illicit firearms trafficking used by the United Nations is a movement of illegal trade in firearms controlled by organised criminal groups. Such movement specifically in ASEAN region is against national and regional laws. Hence, the growth in illegal firearms trade increases concern to the Southeast Asian countries. The article aims to examine effort to eradicate illegal firearms trafficking in ASEAN countries. Statute method combined with case approach in Southeast Asian Countries is employed in this research. The findings of the research indicate that the ASEAN countries have utilized diplomatic means namely the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and the establishment of ASEAN Police (ASEANAPOL). These forums propose by ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) in a way to coordinate among the chief of national police of ASEAN countries including, inter alia, law enforcement policies, criminal courts and transnational crimes to combat crimes committed in the ASEAN region. In fact, the effectiveness of the APSC is still in question because the illicit firearms trafficking cannot be demolished.
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Shahrullah, Rina Shahriyani. "ASIAN PUBLIC INTELLECTUALS’ ROLES IN COMBATTING TRAFFICKING IN ASEAN COUNTRIES." Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 27, no. 2 (October 13, 2015): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.15891.
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The ASEAN Economic Community which facilitates free movement of people among ASEAN countries may cause a more progressive migration. One of the unintended consequences of migration is human trafficking. This paper suggests that there should be a collaborative measure taken by public intellectuals of ASEAN countries to combat human trafficking. Public intellectuals from receiving and sending countriesin ASEAN should share their information, knowledge, roles, responsibilities, resources, and services. This paper emphasizes that Asian public intellectuals as the member community in curbing human trafficking in the ASEAN region should involve government agencies, NGOs and communities. Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN yang menfasilitasi kebebasan penduduk negara anggota ASEAN untuk berpindah dapat menyebabkan terjadinya suatu migrasi besar-besaran. Salah satu konsekwensi yang tidak dikehendaki dari migrasi adalah perdagangan orang. Makalah ini menyarankan perlunya suatu langkah kerjasama yang dilakukan oleh intelektual publik di negara ASEAN untuk memerangi perdagangan orang. Intelektual publik dari negara penerima dan pengirim di ASEAN perlu untuk membagi informasi, pengetahuan, peranan, tanggung jawab, sumber daya, dan pelayanan mereka. Makalah ini menekankan bahwa intelektual publik Asia perlu melibatkan pemerintah, LSM and warga masyarakat.
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Agustin, Ma Lourdes S., and Darryl Roy Montebon. "An Assessment of Project Teacher Exchange for ASEAN Teachers (TEACH) Program." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v7i1.7635.
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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) integration aims to unite the South East Asian countries to promote better opportunities for the member countries in different areas such as economics and education. As a response, Philippine Normal University spearheaded the formation of the Association of Southeast Asian Teacher Education Network to promote collaboration with ASEAN countries and enhance teacher education programs. The formation of AsTEN creates the impetus to explore possibilities for the internationalization of teacher education programs among the ASEAN countries. Thus, the Institute of Teaching and Learning of PNU initiated the Project Teacher Exchange for ASEAN Teachers (TEACH). This paper reports the assessment of the piloting of the Project TEACH as experienced by the Thai participants. Moreover, this research aims to develop a model that can be utilized by other ASEAN communities as they prepare for their own international teacher education programs.
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Qizam, Ibnu, Misnen Ardiansyah, and Abdul Qoyum. "Integration of Islamic capital market in ASEAN-5 countries." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 3 (January 11, 2020): 811–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-08-2019-0149.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature and integration of Islamic stock markets across the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN-5) countries for economic community (AEC) development. Design/methodology/approach Using samples of daily closing prices from 2009 to 2014 across ASEAN-5 countries, co-integration and Granger-causality tests were applied. Findings This research finds that Islamic capital markets across ASEAN-5 countries remain highly integrated despite the global financial crisis of 2008, and it also finds the integration strength between Jakarta Islamic Index -Indonesia and Bursa Malaysia Emas Sharia-Malaysia Islamic capital markets to be the most influential across ASEAN-5 countries, while MSCI-Philippine Islamic capital market is the most vulnerable across ASEAN-5 Islamic capital markets. Research limitations/implications The overwhelming benefit of Islamic stock market integration across ASEAN-5 countries, and, even in a broader context, awaits further inquiry. Originality/value Islamic capital markets across ASEAN-5 countries are integrated regardless of the post-global financial crisis. This contributes to confirming cross-border integration policies, especially for AEC development.
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Sarmad, Khwaja, and Riaz Mahmood. "Prospects for Expanding Trade between SAARC and ASEAN Countries." Pakistan Development Review 27, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v27i2pp.131-136.
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This paper analyses the determinants of trade flows between the countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). The results show that while the high intensity of bilateral trade of these countries is not explained by high complementarity, a policy of non discriminatory import liberalization in ASEAN countries would significantly benefit the SAARC countries in terms of export expansion.
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Mirakyan, Diana G. "ASEAN Integration Process Development." Economic Strategies 144 (November 20, 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-7.173.2020.14-23.
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Amid the unstable world environment the economic “weight” transfer to Asia highlights dynamically growing role of the Asian Pacific region (APR) where a specific place is put on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The present research is devoted to processes of ASEAN member-countries regional integration development. In the current work dynamics of socio-economic indicators, volumes of the foreign direct investments (FDI) and intraregional trade are characterized. The conducted research concludes that regional development processes in ASEAN are flourishing: the ASEAN competitiveness is to a high standard, the Association is attractive from a position of foreign investment. The analysis of socio-economic indicators dynamics revealed asymmetry of ASEAN member-countries. The gap in macroeconomic indicators in comparison with the other partners of Association is observed in CMLV countries (Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam). However, such a disproportion, on the one hand, might prevent from formation of effective production networks, and, on the other, guarantee the lagging countries relative economic stability.
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Daquila, Teofilo C., and Le Huu Huy. "SINGAPORE AND ASEAN IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: The Case of Free Trade Agreements." Asian Survey 43, no. 6 (November 1, 2003): 908–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2003.43.6.908.
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Abstract Given the slow pace of global and regional trade liberalization initiatives, Singapore has forged free trade agreements for economic and strategic reasons. Other ASEAN countries and ASEAN itself have also become interested in establishing FTAs with countries outside the grouping. In the future, ASEAN could form an ASEAN or an East Asian Economic Community.
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Hudi, Moh. "Peran Politik dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia." Madani Jurnal Politik dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 12, no. 03 (December 26, 2020): 232–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/madani.v12i03.2172.
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Indonesia is a developing country which is one of the countries that are members of the group of world countries, including the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Asian Pacific Economic Corporation (APEC), Southeast Asia Association of South East Of Asian Nation (ASEAN) and others. Even though until now the Indonesian state in its level of economic development is not very well established. Even among ASEAN countries, Indonesia is still lagging behind other ASEAN countries. This will hamper Indonesia's growth in the medium and long term if the quality of the economy is not immediately improved.
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Maamin, Martina, Siti Mistima Maat, and Zanaton H. Iksan. "Analysis of the factors that influence mathematics achievement in the ASEAN countries." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 16, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i1.5535.
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Mathematical achievements affect students in determining their future careers and the economy of a country. However, mathematical achievement in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries has not reached the target, except in Singapore. However, no systematic studies have examined this problem yet. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the factors that influence mathematical achievement in ASEAN countries. Using the guidance of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement’s review methodology, systematic reviews using the Scopus and Web of Science databases identified 40 studies related to mathematics achievement in ASEAN countries. The results show that the factors of students, families, teachers, schools and policymakers influence mathematical achievements in ASEAN countries. Thus, mathematical achievement in ASEAN countries is not influenced by students alone. Suggestions in the future should pay serious attention to all factors in order to improve mathematical achievement in ASEAN countries.
Keywords: Mathematics achievement, factors, ASEAN countries, systematic review;
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Agustin, Ma Lourdes S., and Darryl Roy Montebon. "An Assessment of Project Teacher Exchange for ASEAN Teachers (TEACH) Program." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 7, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v1i1.7635.
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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) integration aims to unite the South East Asian countries to promote better opportunities for the member countries in different areas such as economics and education. As a response, Philippine Normal University spearheaded the formation of the Association of Southeast Asian Teacher Education Network to promote collaboration with ASEAN countries and enhance teacher education programs. The formation of AsTEN creates the impetus to explore possibilities for the internationalization of teacher education programs among the ASEAN countries. Thus, the Institute of Teaching and Learning of PNU initiated the Project Teacher Exchange for ASEAN Teachers (TEACH). This paper reports the assessment of the piloting of the Project TEACH as experienced by the Thai participants. Moreover, this research aims to develop a model that can be utilized by other ASEAN communities as they prepare for their own international teacher education programs.<em><strong></strong></em>
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Viet, Hoang. "Assessing the agricultural trade complementarity of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 10 (October 24, 2018): 464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/253/2017-agricecon.
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This paper aims to investigate the agricultural trade complementarity of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries on the global agricultural market over the period 1997–2015 by employing the trade complementarity index (TCI), the export similarity index (ESI), and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients for competitiveness indicators. The results indicate that: (i) the ASEAN countries’ agricultural export patterns are weakly complementary in matching the regional import demands; while (ii) they are relatively complementary in exporting agricultural products to the world market; (iii) the countries’ agricultural competitiveness patterns are more affected by and benefited from the global integration than the regional integration; and (iv) the countries, moreover, tend to become more substitutable over time. The research results suggest that the ASEAN countries should cooperate and utilise the internal markets to enhance the competitiveness and predominantly focus on the external global markets.
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Robiyanto, Robiyanto. "Capital Market Integration In Some Asean Countries Revisited." Jurnal Manajemen 22, no. 2 (September 5, 2018): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jm.v22i2.359.
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Financial market integration in Southern Asia especially in ASEAN main member countries still attractive to scrunitized. Most of these countries were devastated during severe regional financial crisis in 1997 but global financial crisis in 2008 have different impact toward these countries. The finding shows that comovement were exist among Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand’s capital market during January 1997 to December 2013 period. Comovement still exist during post Asian financial Crisis 1997 and post global financial crisis 2008 period. This study conclude also that degree of integration between some ASEAN capital markets have fading out after global financial crisis in 2008. Hence, investor could formulate a portfolio which consist of stocks across ASEAN capital markets.
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LEE, Chang-Soo, and Jong Gyu JEON. "South Korea-ASEAN Trade Linkages." East Asian Policy 09, no. 04 (October 2017): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930517000368.
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This paper quantifies the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) trade linkages with other regional blocs and countries to determine the characteristics of ASEAN’s inter- and intra-regional trade. The competitiveness of member countries and that of rival countries such as China, Japan and Korea are then evaluated at the industry level. Finally, ASEAN member countries’ gross exports in the main exporting industries are decomposed to identify the global value chain features of ASEAN’s trade.
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Ullah, Irfan, and Muhammad Arshad Khan. "Institutional quality and foreign direct investment inflows: evidence from Asian countries." Journal of Economic Studies 44, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 1030–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-10-2016-0215.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) by focusing on institutional and economic factors among South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) as well as Central Asian countries over the period 2002-2014. Design/methodology/approach The generalized method of moments technique is employed for analyzing the impact of institutional quality on FDI inflow by controlling for the effect of market size, domestic investment and labor force. Findings The authors found large variations in terms of the impact of institutional and economic variables in regards to FDI in the SAARC, Central Asian and ASEAN regions. The results reveal that real GDP, domestic investment and economic freedom index have a positive and significant effect on FDI inflows in the SAARC region, while governance index and labor force have a negative impact on FDI inflows. In Central Asia, the real GDP, domestic investment and governance index are positively associated with FDI inflows, whereas the effect of economic freedom index on FDI is negative as well as insignificant. Apart from the GDP, other variables such as labor force, domestic investment, governance and economic freedom indices influence FDI positively in the ASEAN region. It is worth mentioning here that domestic investment produces positive effect on FDI inflows in all the regions. On the whole, the authors may conclude that institutional factors play an important role in attracting FDI inflows in the ASEAN region as compared to Central Asian and SAARC regions. Originality/value A limited research work is available that could help in identifying the role of institutional and economic factors simultaneously in attracting FDI in the SAARC, Central Asian and ASEAN regions.
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Sasana, Hadi, and Salman Fathoni. "Determinant of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Asean Countries." JEJAK 12, no. 2 (September 22, 2019): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v12i2.18785.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) believed to be one of the instruments to reduce gap between the rich and the poor countries has considered Asian countries destination, including ASEAN Region. The aim of this study was to analyze factors affecting FDI in ASEAN countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) during 2007-2016. The method used to analyze the data was multiple linear regression. The results indicated that market size, government integrity, and infrastructure quality positively affected FDI; wages and exchange rates negatively affected FDI; while, economic crisis had negative effect only in Malaysia. Meanwhile, economic openness, tax rate, and interest rate did not affect FDI inflow in ASEAN countries.
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Oktavia, Indriana, and Kiki Verico. "THE AWAKENING OF INVESTMENT CREATION: A CASE STUDY FROM SOUTH-EAST ASIA." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 14, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v14i2.438.
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Abstrak
ASEAN membentuk integrasi ekonomi, seperti ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), AFTA+1, dan ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), untuk meningkatkan perdagangan intra dan investasi antarnegara ASEAN. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti dampak integrasi ekonomi ASEAN terhadap ASEAN FDI (AFDI) dan perdagangan intra ASEAN (AIT). Penelitian ini menggunakan data sepuluh negara ASEAN dan enam negara mitra selama periode 2001-2017 dan di estimasi dengan menggunakan Generalized Least-Square (GLS). Hasil estimasi menunjukkan CEPT-AFTA ASEAN6 tidak dapat meningkatkan AIT dan AFDI. Dampak positif CEPT-AFTA pada AFDI dan AIT hanya terjadi pada tahun 2015, meskipun dampak pada AIT tidak signifikan. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa AFTA+ dapat meningkatkan AIT dan AFDI antara negara-negara ASEAN+6. AEC memiliki dampak positif pada AFDI dan dampak negatif pada AIT. Penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa jika dengan kerangka ASEAN+ menyebabkan investment creation di kawasan ASEAN+6. Untuk memperkuat perdagangan dan investasi, maka pemerintah perlu memperkuat kerja sama melalui Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).
Kata Kunci: ASEAN, FDI, AFTA, Perdagangan Intra, AEC
Abstract
ASEAN created several economic integrations, such as the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), AFTA+1, and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), to increase intra-trade and investment between ASEAN countries. This study aimed to examine the impact of ASEAN economic integration to ASEAN FDI (AFDI) and ASEAN Intra-Trade (AIT). The data consists of ten ASEAN countries and six partner countries from 2001 to 2017. It was estimated using the Generalized Least-Square (GLS). Estimation results showed that CEPT-AFTA ASEAN6 could not increase AIT and AFDI. The positive impact of CEPT-AFTA on AFDI and AIT occurred in 2015, with insignificance on AIT. The study also indicated that AFTA+ could increase AIT and AFDI between ASEAN+6 countries. Contrarily, AEC provided a positive impact on AFDI and an insignificant negative impact on AIT. The study concluded that the ASEAN+ framework causes investment creation in ASEAN and partner countries. The government needs to strengthen cooperation through Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to escalate FDI and trade.
Keywords: ASEAN, FDI, AFTA, Intra-Trade, AEC
JEL Classification: F13, F14, F15
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Pan, Mingming, and Hien Nguyen. "Export and growth in ASEAN: does export destination matter?" Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 11, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-07-2017-0021.
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Purpose The association between export destinations and economic growth remains under-researched, despite the large literature on export-led growth. This paper aims to fill in the gap of the literature. It analyzes the effects of exporting on economic growth in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and further explores which export destinations are most desirable in terms of promoting economic growth. Design/methodology/approach With panel data for ASEAN countries from 1986 to 2013, this paper performs both fixed effects estimation and Arellano–Bond GMM estimation. Findings Robust findings reveal that to promote economic growth, it is most beneficial for ASEAN countries to export to the Western industrial countries, followed by exporting to Japan, Korea and China. Exporting to the rest of the world does not appear to generate significantly positive effect on economic growth. Originality/value The findings have important policy implications for ASEANs to further develop their trade policy.
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Olaolu Richard, Olayeni, and Aviral Kumar Tiwari. "The sustainability of trade accounts of the ASEAN-5 countries." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-06-2013-0023.
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Purpose – The present study aims to analyse the sustainability of the trade deficits in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-5 countries using panel framework during the period from 1965 to 2011. Design/methodology/approach – The paper applied a battery of first- and second-generation panel unit root tests and Pedroni's, Kao and Chiang's, Westerlund, and Di Iorio and Fachin cointegration tests to achieve the objective. Findings – The paper found the evidence of sustainable trade deficit in ASEAN-5 countries while utilizing panel unit root tests as well as panel cointegration tests. Research limitations/implications – The findings have important macroeconomic policies implication for ASEAN-5 countries that these policies had been effective in leading exports and imports to long-run steady-state equilibrium relationship among the ASEAN-5 countries. Originality/value – The main contribution of the paper is to show that the macroeconomic policies of ASEAN-5 countries had been effective in leading exports and imports to long-run steady-state equilibrium relationship. To the authors' best knowledge, in this area, this is the first study in the panel framework for ASEAN countries.
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Rahmah, Dian Maris, and Tri Handayani. "ASEAN REGIONAL ARBITRATION BOARD: AN ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN THE ASEAN REGION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 8, no. 3 (December 12, 2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.8.3.2019.333-352.
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Transactions among ASEAN member countries are increasingly open with the release of the ASEAN Economic Community (MEA). Entrepreneurs in ASEAN countries are expected to make more transactions with their business partners in the Southeast Asian region. Increasing business relations in the ASEAN region will in part affect the increase in disputes among ASEAN entrepreneurs. This study aims to provide an idea regarding the establishment of the ASEAN Regional Arbitration Agency as an effort to overcome the issue of the execution of arbitration decisions by utilizing regional unification. This research is descriptive analytical using a normative juridical approach. The results of the study show that ASEAN should be a place for resolving international commercial disputes, especially on business transactions carried out in the ASEAN member countries, if ASEAN has a regional arbitration forum, the procedure for resolving business disputes in this region will be simpler, more effective and easier. Legal system barriers can also be overcome if there are procedures that are jointly recognized.
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GHATAK, SUNTERA. "Convergence Potentials in SAARC and ASEAN Economies." Journal of Indian and Asian Studies 02, no. 01 (January 2021): 2150004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2717541321500042.
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This study has set to compare the usefulness of the regional integration efforts taken by two important economic blocs, SAARC and ASEAN, within the Asian continent to reduce the regional income inequality. Therefore, the existence of income convergence (or divergence) among the SAARC and ASEAN countries is the aim of this study. To investigate whether (or not) there exists income convergence across the SAARC and ASEAN blocs over the period of 1970-2017, [Formula: see text]-convergence, σ-convergence and club convergence estimation methods have been applied. The results confirm the convergence of income across the ASEAN member countries, which is absent for the SAARC member countries at the intra-regional level. Although we considered all countries of the SAARC and ASEAN blocs together in the panel, an evidence of income convergence over the years has been found. The analysis supports the view of trade liberalization and recommends investing in the human capital to narrow down the regional disparity in future. To achieve a favorable impact of Asian rising growth, regional integration is important, for that a collective policy framework at the regional level is needed for both SAARC and ASEAN.
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Mizik, Tamás, Ákos Szerletics, and Attila Jámbor. "Agri-Food Export Competitiveness of the ASEAN Countries." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 9860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239860.
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Agri-food trade competitiveness analyses are relatively understudied in the empirical literature with many countries/regions missing. The novelty of this paper to analyze the agri-food export competitiveness patterns of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), thereby aiming to fill this gap in the literature. Our research questions include which countries and products are competitive in the ASEAN region in agri-food trade; whether raw materials or processed products are more competitive; whether regional or global agri-food trade is more competitive and how persistent competitiveness is in the long run. The paper is based on ASEAN–ASEAN and ASEAN–world agri-food trade flows from 2010 to 2018, thereby global and regional competitiveness patterns have become visible. Results suggest that Myanmar (18.88), Laos (8.21) and the Philippines (5.36) have the highest levels of agri-food trade competitiveness in the world market, while in regional markets, Laos (17.17), Cambodia (15.46) and Myanmar (12.39) were the most competitive. Both raw materials, as well as processed products, are generally competitive, and regional trade, in general, was more competitive than global trade for the majority of the countries. However, results suggest a generally decreasing trend in keeping these competitive positions, which is also supported by the duration tests. Survival chances of 98% at the beginning of the period fell to 0–25% by the end of the period, significant at all levels, suggesting that a generally fierce competition exists for ASEAN countries in global as well as regional agri-food trade.
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Joshi, Mahesh, Prem W. Senarath Yapa, and Diane Kraal. "IFRS adoption in ASEAN countries." International Journal of Managerial Finance 12, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 211–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-04-2014-0040.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the perceptions of professional accountants from three countries from the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in order to evaluate their perceived benefits associated with the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in their respective nations as well as the implications of these standards for the accounting and auditing professions in their country of practice. It also explores the extent to which the adoption of IAS/IFRS accounting standards have been supported by the state, media and local professional accounting bodies. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses survey approach to seek perceptions of professional accountants in these three countries with a view to understanding their perceptions regarding the socio-economic issues related to the adoption of the IFRS and role of social institutions. The study also uses appropriate statistical tests for interpretation of the data. Findings – The analysis of the data shows that accounting professionals in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia strongly supported IFRS adoption; their opinions did not differ significantly by place of training, experience or professional qualifications. Respondents agreed that their countries benefited economically from harmonisation with global accounting standards. The surveyed accountants believed that pressure from international agencies was instrumental in the adoption of IFRS in the region. The findings also show that governments, the media and professional accounting bodies have supported the adoption, communication and application of IFRS. Originality/value – This is the first study examining the role of social and professional institutions in the adoption of the IFRS and one which also provides an inter-country comparison of accountant’s perspectives on adoption of the IFRS among three ASEAN countries.
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Amran, Noor Afza, Halimah @. Nasibah Ahmad, and Nor Laili Hassan. "MALAYSIAN PUBLIC SECTOR SIZE: A COMPARISON WITH OTHER ASEAN COUNTRIES." Vol 11 No 1 (2021) 11, Number 1 (January 31, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jbma2021.11.1.1.
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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the size of the public sector (based on percentage of public sector expenditures to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and percentage of public sector revenues to GDP) of Malaysia and compare it with other Associations of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. This study utilised a descriptive approach to compare the size of Malaysian public sector with other ASEAN countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam). The data were retrieved from 2000 to 2014 (15 years) that involved examination of documents from Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries Reports. Findings revealed that Malaysia ranks number three in terms of the size of public sector among ASEAN countries. Findings also indicated that the Malaysian percentage of public sector expenditure to GDP is around 20% to 30% which is considered as optimal size for the public sector. Malaysia also shows a deficit budget for 2000 to 2014, and similar trends were reported for other ASEAN countries. Meanwhile, the limitations of this study are that it is descriptive in nature and does not test any relationships between variables. Hence, future research may take into account other factors such as economic growth and government efficiency, and test relationships with the size of the public sector.
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Janthongpan, Surat, Wanchai Rattanawong, and Nanthi Suthikarnnarunai. "Intelligent System for Transportation Mode Selection in ASEAN Countries." Open Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501610010361.
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Association of Southeast Asian Nations: ASEAN is an organization of ten countries in Southeast Asia consisting of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Thailand. One of the major purposes of Asean is to create the Asean Economic Community: AEC as an economic organization. The mission of the AEC is to develop a single market and develop production base to be stable prosperous, highly competitive and economically, integrated with effective facilitation for trade and investment including a free flow of goods, services, investment, skilled labors and capital . This paper focuses on investigating the constraint within the three major modes of transportation (Air Sea and Truck) and reviewing the major factor influenced mode selection of the trading organization in Asean countries. Whilst constraints and complexities exist particularly within different countries, products values, lead time, a lack of knowledge on the condition of each transportation mode of the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME). At the time for those requirements can result in business limitation and restrictions. The results of research will lead to the design of an intelligent transportation system program that will not only illustrate solution for the trading organization in Asean countries but also provide variable costing and accurate transit time as management tools for users.
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Jintana, Jutamat, Alonggot Limcharoen, Yanin Patsopa, and Sakgasem Ramingwong. "Innovation Ecosystem of ASEAN Countries." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 28 (April 21, 2020): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.28.04.40.
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The paper investigates the innovation ecosystem alignment of ASEAN countries, based on the Global Competitiveness Report 2019 and Global Innovation Report 2019. Of interest are issues on institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, and business sophistication. The results show the comparative strengths and weaknesses of each ASEAN economy. The information is suggestive to policymaker and private sectors if any measurement is required to close these gaps or to leverage their innovation ecosystem.
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Kitahara, Masaaki, and Akira Kodama. "Meniere's Disease in Asean Countries." Equilibrium Research 52, Suppl-9 (1993): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3757/jser.52.suppl-9_9.
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IBRAHIM, ANWAR. "Democratic Contagion Hits ASEAN Countries." New Perspectives Quarterly 22, no. 2 (March 2005): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5842.2005.00756.x.
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Uriarte, Filemon A. "Waste Management in ASEAN Countries." Toxicology and Industrial Health 7, no. 5-6 (September 1991): 229–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379100700526.
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Hoffmann, Robert, Lee Chew Ging, and Bala Ramasamy. "Olympic Success and ASEAN Countries." Journal of Sports Economics 5, no. 3 (August 2004): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002503261826.
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Tan, T. K. "Fungal research in ASEAN countries." Mycoscience 35, no. 3 (October 1994): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02268455.
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Suwankesawong, Wimon, Teerapon Dhippayom, Wei-Chuen Tan-Koi, and Chuenjid Kongkaew. "Pharmacovigilance activities in ASEAN countries." Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 25, no. 9 (May 12, 2016): 1061–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.4023.
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Sanida, Nuris, WayanSuparta I, and Yoke Muelgini. "Inflationdeterminants In Asean-5 Countries." International Journal of Economics and Management Studies 8, no. 4 (April 25, 2021): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23939125/ijems-v8i4p111.
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Meishan Chua, Nazrul Hisyam Ab Razak, Annuar Md Nassir, and Mohamed Hisham Yahya. "Speed of Adjustment towards Target Leverage in the ASEAN Countries." International Journal of Business and Society 22, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3177.2021.
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This study aims to investigate the speed of adjustment towards target total debt, long-term debt and short-term debt of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) namely Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand. The sample of this study included 400 publicly listed firms from 2007 to 2017. Analyses were done with two-step System Generalised Method of Moments (SYS-GMM). Using large sample, the results showed that ASEAN firms are under-adjusted and adjusting with the speed of 30.95%, 37.49% and 40.11% toward total debt, long-term debt and short-term debt, accordingly. To close half of the leverage gap, ASEAN firms need 1.87, 1.62 and 1.35 years for total debt, long-term debt and short-term debt, respectively. The results based on individual country indicated that each country has its own adjustment speed to achieve the target leverage. This study suggests that ASEAN firms are attempting to alter the leverage to its optimum.
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Yudhatama, Putra, Fitri Nurjanah, Cassya Diaraningtyas, and Mohamad Dian Revindo. "Food Security, Agricultural Sector Resilience, and Economic Integration: Case Study of ASEAN+3." Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan 22, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jesp.v22i1.9605.
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The issue of food security has been increasingly critical in many parts of the world. In many countries people are facing food crisis and it has severe impact on their economies. Ensuring food security has become a global challenge with various dimensions. This study aims to examine the impact of intraregional trade on food security in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and three additional countries (China, Japan, South Korea), known as ASEAN+3. Using panel data regression analysis, the results show that intraregional trade and the level of trade openness have positive and significant effect to increase food security as it increases food production level in ASEAN+3 countries. In pursuing food security, ASEAN needs to enhance and accelerate its future cooperation agenda. The ASEAN member countries need to support the realization of ASEAN vision 2025, which will create a more dynamic and resilient ASEAN, capable of responding and adapting to various challenges through robust national and regional mechanisms to overcome various issues, including food security.
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Pasciana, Rostiena, and Ieke Sartika Iriany. "Asean Integration In Improving Indonesian Women Education: A Literature Review." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Politik dan Humaniora 1, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36624/jisora.v1i2.16.
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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an organization of countries in Southeast Asia established in Bangkok, Thailand, on August 8, 1967 under the Bangkok Declaration by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. For more th an five decades ASEAN has experienced many positive and significant developments towards a more integrative and forward - looking stage with the establishment of an ASEAN Community by 2015. The ASEAN Community not only affects the economic sector, but also other sectors, including "education" as an effort to build competitive human resources. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) challenges in education that will be faced are the proliferation o f foreign educational institutions, standardization of orientation in education, which is pro - market, and markets labor that will be flooded by foreign workers. Therefore, the era of ASEAN free trade should be welcomed by the world of education quickly, so that the human resources (HR) of Indonesia, especially by women who still have low resource. They should be prepared for facing an intense competition with other countries. ASEAN countries have considered synchronizing the certification standards, streng thening, and improving the skills and knowledge of ASEAN youth and women in the regional integration process. Therefore, ASEAN countries have always been active in encouraging cooperative relations in various levels of education and training, at the same t ime encouraging all organizations and schools in each country to seek cooperation partners in other countries of the ASEAN region.
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Cheong, Inkyo, and Jose Tongzon. "The economic impact of a rise in US trade protectionism on East Asia." Journal of Korea Trade 22, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkt-03-2018-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic impact of a rising US trade protectionism on the economies of China, Japan, South Korea and the ASEAN countries and draw out some policy and strategic implications for the USA and East Asia. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ a computable general equilibrium approach supplemented with qualitative analyses based on empirical evidence. Findings An increase in US import tariffs would result in economic losses for the USA and the corresponding country or region to which the import tariff increase is applied. An increase in US import tariffs for Chinese goods alone would not have any spillover effects on other East Asian countries. But, an imposition of a border adjustment tax (BAT) for all countries and for all products would actually boost US economic growth. Advanced economies would enjoy GDP increases, but China, Korea and the ASEAN countries would face an economic loss in a longer term period, although they would enjoy some growth in the short term. However, when the BAT only applies to a specific East Asian country, USA would suffer an economic loss, with the exception of a BAT specifically targeted at the ASEAN countries. ASEAN countries would not experience any economic loss under all scenarios except in the case of import tariffs specifically targeted at ASEAN. Research limitations/implications From the US perspective, it is beneficial to adopt a BAT for all countries and across the board. Under this arrangement, there would be an economic loss for China, Korea and the ASEAN countries in the longer term. An increase in US trade protectionism would only push the East Asian countries towards deeper economic integration, with serious implications for global pattern of trade and investment. Originality/value The existing literature on the likely economic impact of US trade protectionism on East Asia is very scarce and based on surveys and subjective speculations. This study uses a quantitative method based on empirical evidence.
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Tai, Wan-Ping. "The Political Economy of the Automobile Industry in ASEAN: A Cross-Country Comparison." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 4, no. 1 (August 9, 2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v4i1.1536.
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The automobile industry plays a leading role in a country’s industrialization. Various countries have used different methods to identify a model of industrial development. For developing countries, establishing the automobile industry is crucial for promoting industrialization. After Southeast Asian countries achieved independent, their automobile industries underwent establishment and development stages. The domestic and overseas competiveness of the automobile industries in ASEAN have received global attention.How can the industrial development of Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, which are ASEAN countries, be understood? Researchers have proposed various views regarding the industrial development of these four ASEAN countries. We researched the political economy of these countries to understand the development of their automobile industries. Thailand’s automobile industry was successfully developed because of the government’s crucial role in implementing a coordinated market economy and national system of innovation. In Indonesia, government–business relations hampered the government’s efforts to meet society and market needs, thereby limiting the country’s industrialization. Malaysia must learn how to coordinate its industries with a market economy through liberalization and coordination. The Philippines has positioned its automobile industry on manufacturing automotive parts because of the country’s limited industrialization.Theoretically, following the 1997 Asian financial crisis, these ASEAN countries have adopted market economy-oriented policies; however, because of the historical context of political economy, the development of their automobile industries has varied. Under the context of globalization, the economic systems of various countries have exhibited low convergence. In this study, we show that embedded liberalism is the preferred interpretation in ASEAN automobile industry development. In other words, researchers should look beyond convergence theory and consider the political economy characteristics of various countries. Accordingly, further comparative research must be conducted to clarify the differences in the economic systems and policies in ASEAN studies.
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Sahu, Jagadish Prasad, and Santosh Kumar Dash. "What Explains FDI Inflows to ASEAN Countries? Evidence from Quantile Regressions." Journal of Asian Economic Integration 3, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631684620982775.
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This article examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to five economies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) for the period 1985–2017. Using the fixed effects quantile regression (QR) method, we identify the differential effects of the covariates across the conditional distribution of FDI inflows. The results suggest that financial sector development and natural resources in the host country are the most significant determinants of FDI inflows to the ASEAN region. Financial sector development is significant at both higher and lower quantiles of the distribution of FDI inflows, whereas natural resources and political regime are significant at the upper quantiles. The findings suggest that while financial sector development is an important factor for attracting FDI, natural resources and political regime matter for large inflows of FDI to the ASEAN countries. The article concludes that the resource-seeking and the efficiency-seeking motives of the multinational corporations are the primary reasons of large inflows of FDI to the ASEAN countries.
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Scheibe, Michał. "Economic diversification of asean countries: convergence or polarization?" Studia i Prace WNEiZ 46 (2016): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/sip.2016.46/1-11.
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Ding, Yuanzhao. "Heavy metal pollution and transboundary issues in ASEAN countries." Water Policy 21, no. 5 (July 31, 2019): 1096–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.003.
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Abstract The presence of heavy metals in waterways is a major threat to human health, and such metals cause stomach cancer and brain damage. There is a growing trend towards heavy metal pollution in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries due to inappropriate environmental management and the development of the region's chemical industry. In some border areas, transboundary heavy metal pollution significantly affects people's daily lives. The traditional ASEAN approach to solving heavy metal pollution has limitations due to various problems that affect the ASEAN region, such as unbalanced economic growth, a shortage of environmental technology, and a lack of regional law enforcement. As a result, more effective regional governance on heavy metal pollution and transboundary issues is urgently required. In this paper, network governance theory is used to study environmental problems. This paper recommends that voluntary governance is used to supplement traditional state-centric governance.
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Riyanto, Agus. "Prospects of Asean Legal Cooperation." Humaniora 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v7i1.3487.
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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional organization in the countries of Southeast Asia established in Bangkok, Thailand, on August 8, 1967 (the Bangkok Declaration) by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. One form of cooperation that could further encourage the establishment of ASEAN's goal was legal cooperation. This was because, this cooperation could further strengthen cooperation in politics, economy, social and culture in Southeast Asia. This paper aimed to identify and learn how the real prospect of legal cooperation could be realized. Therefore, it should be known that areas of cooperation of the law which allows conducted cooperation among ASEAN countries use sectoral laws as an alternative legal cooperation. Method of this paper was comparative law in the ASEAN countries due to the countries in Southeast Asia have different legal systems. The result of this paper is the prospects of ASEAN legal cooperation is very open to be realized, because the settings are clear legal basis exists and regulated. Just to get to the realization of such cooperation, the ASEAN countries must have a strong political will to become solid cooperation.
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Hoang, Nhan Thanh Thi, Hoan Quang Truong, and Chung Van Dong. "Determinants of Trade Between Taiwan and ASEAN Countries: A PPML Estimator Approach." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402091951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020919516.
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Taiwan and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) do not have any diplomatic ties, but they have enjoyed significantly economic benefits, especially bilateral investment and trade cooperation. Over the period 2000–2017, trade between Taiwan and ASEAN had significantly focused on manufactured goods embodied with high-skill and technology-intensive content. Using gravity model with a PPML (Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood) estimator, this article explores determinants of bilateral trade flows between them at both aggregate and sectoral levels. We found that economic scale and per capital income of ASEAN have much stronger effects than those of Taiwan at both aggregate trade and the degree of manufacturing. Results also show that bilateral trade between Taiwan and ASEAN has been efficiently performed over recent decades, except for cases of Myanmar and Cambodia. Hence, a dynamic approach should be taken by both sides to promote bilateral trade relations in future.
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Jurje, Flavia, and Sandra Lavenex. "Mobility Norms in Free Trade Agreements." European Journal of East Asian Studies 17, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01701005.
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Abstract Notwithstanding their traditional attachment to sovereignty, Southeast and East Asian countries have embraced a dynamic agenda of labour mobility liberalisation through trade agreements. This article assesses the free movement agenda within ASEAN from a multi-level perspective, comparing it to ASEAN countries’ corresponding commitments within the World Trade Organisation’s General Agreement on Trade in Services and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) concluded as a group or individually with non-ASEAN countries. Contrary to other trade aspects it turns out that intra-regional commitments within ASEAN do not significantly exceed multilateral ones, and score below the level of liberalisation achieved in ASEAN+ and bilateral FTAs. This article interprets this discrepancy as a consequence of strong economic and labour market differences among ASEAN members as well as the lower sensitivity of allegedly technocratic FTAs for considerations of national sovereignty. The article concludes with the limits of this trade policy approach for migration governance and migrants’ rights.
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Leu, Guanyi. "ASEAN's Preferential Trade Agreements (PTA) Strategy." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 30, no. 2 (June 2011): 31–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341103000203.
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This paper provides a diversification explanation in order understand the development of PTAs in Southeast Asia. I argue that an important reason why ASEAN states participate in PTAs has been to diversify existing trade ties and to reduce overdependence on a narrow range of export markets. Southeast Asian countries have formed PTAs with markets with which they had weak or unexplored economic relations, as demonstrated by three case analyses: the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) and the ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (AJCEP). To maximise the economic gains and the diversification effects of PTA participation, ASEAN countries have pursued a strategy of strengthening economic unity while keeping external economic linkages as diversified as possible. Although East Asia, and especially China, was an important alternative market to reduce ASEAN's dependence on trade with America, ASEAN countries have also pursued PTAs with a number of other trading partners. This paper explains how PTAs have helped ASEAN states to develop more policy autonomy in their trading environment.
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Ito, Shoichi, and Yasushi Iguchi. "Japanese Direct Investment and its Impact on Migration in the ASEAN 4." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 265–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300204.
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Although the manufacturing sector's share of employment is still small in ASEAN-4 countries, the development of manufacturing, especially labor-intensive industries, will be indispensable for absorbing part of the increase in labor force. In these countries, Japanese direct investment (JDI) has been more highly concentrated in the manufacturing sector than JDI in other regions. The Japanese “New Asian Industrial Development (AID) Plan” is a comprehensive economic cooperation package, which supports the introduction of JDI and the promotion of exports in ASEAN-4 countries. JDI and AID may, in turn, help alleviate the domestic labor market situation and reduce the incentive for workers of ASEAN-4 countries to migrate to work overseas.
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Nairobi, Nairobi, and Debby Anggun Kenita. "Asean Law And Economic Growth Asean." Ecoplan 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/ecoplan.v4i1.247.
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The ASEAN Economic Community, commonly referred to as AEC (ASEAN Economic Community) in 2015, is a form of cooperation between ASEAN member countries by integrating the economic sector in a single market in the Southeast Asia region. This is also an answer to investors' questions regarding the accessibility of investment destination countries, including legal certainty. This study aims to analyze the effect of law enforcement on economic growth. The role of the government in law enforcement is expected to be able to support the economic development of a country. The data used in this study include economic growth, the rule of law, voice and accountability, foreign direct investment, employment, and the initial development of 10 ASEAN member countries for the 2007-2018 period. The method used is panel data regression and testing the significance of the model. The method used is the Random Effect Model. The results show that the rule of law, foreign direct investment, labor, and initial growth have a significant and positive effect on economic growth in ASEAN. In contrast, voice and accountability significantly impact ASEAN economic growth in the 2007-2018 period.