Journal articles: 'Asexual propagation'

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McNair, Mason, Amanda Wilkins, and Dennis Werner. "Wounding and chemical treatment effects on Drosera capensis bud formation on leaf cuttings." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn414.mm785.

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Drosera capensis L. (Droseraceae) is one of the most commonly grown carnivorous plants prized for its ease of culture and rapid growth. In cultivation, seed is preferred for propagating this species; however, in the case of cultivar propagation, asexual propagation must be used. D. capensis readily propagates from both leaf and root cuttings. Leaf cuttings can be used to asexually propagate D. capensis. Wounding and exogenous hormone applications are commonly used in herbaceous and woody plant asexual propagation to enhance adventitious root and shoot formation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wounding and exogenous hormone application (auxin and cytokinin) on adventitious shoot formation on leaf cuttings of D. capensis.

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Thomsen, Erik, and Eckart Håkansson. "Sexual versus asexual dispersal in clonal animals: examples from cheilostome bryozoans." Paleobiology 21, no. 4 (1995): 496–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300013506.

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The relative numbers of sexually and asexually recruited colonies and the proportion of brooding zooids were determined in 26 species of cheilostome bryozoans of Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary ages. Asexual reproduction seems to be much more widespread than previously realized, although its relative importance is related to growth habit. Arborescent species of these fossil assemblages reproduce mainly asexually via fragmentation; encrusting species reproduce sexually via motile larvae. Free-living species use both methods; some reproduce sexually, whereas other species have enhanced the ability to break and reproduce predominantly asexually. Mode of reproduction was stable over a period of 3 m.y. in all species except the vinelike Columnotheca cribrosa. In this species both the proportion of asexual recruits and brooding zooids varied in accord with environmental parameters. In all cases populations dominated by asexual propagation had a significantly lower proportion of brooding zooids than populations dominated by sexual propagation.

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Caldeira, Cecilio F., Arthur V. S. Lopes, Keyvilla C. Aguiar, Aline L. Ferreira, João V. S. Araujo, Vinnícius M. S. Gomes, Daniel B. Zandonadi, et al. "Distinct Reproductive Strategy of Two Endemic Amazonian Quillworts." Diversity 13, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080348.

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We examined the reproductive strategy of two Amazonian quillworts (Isoëtes cangae and Isoëtes serracarajensis), endemic and threatened species of canga ecosystems. Sexual propagation was examined by in vitro fertilization assays, while asexual propagation was examined by tiller emission. Isoëtes cangae is an outcrossing species that reproduces exclusively by spore germination and is able to propagate by self- and cross-fertilization. Isoëtes serracarajensis reproduces asexually by emitting tillers from the plant corm, despite producing male and female sporangia. These distinct reproductive strategies in the different species may be linked to their contrasting habitats. Isoëtes cangae inhabit a permanent oligotrophic lake with mild environmental changes, while I. serracarajensis are found in temporary ponds facing severe seasonal drought, where asexual propagation may represent an adaptive advantage to the short growth period during access to water. We also observed different relationships between plant growth and reproductive traits between the species, despite their common production of sporophytes with high survival rates. Together, these results are of paramount importance for establishing conservation plans for both species considering the advantages of sexual propagation to maintain the genetic diversity of I. cangae and the diligent management required to do the same with asexually propagated I. serracarajensis.

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Wibowo, Anjar, Claude Becker, Julius Durr, Jonathan Price, Stijn Spaepen, Sally Hilton, Hadi Putra, et al. "Partial maintenance of organ-specific epigenetic marks during plant asexual reproduction leads to heritable phenotypic variation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 39 (September 10, 2018): E9145—E9152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805371115.

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Plants differ from animals in their capability to easily regenerate fertile adult individuals from terminally differentiated cells. This unique developmental plasticity is commonly observed in nature, where many species can reproduce asexually through the ectopic initiation of organogenic or embryogenic developmental programs. While organ-specific epigenetic marks are not passed on during sexual reproduction, the fate of epigenetic marks during asexual reproduction and the implications for clonal progeny remain unclear. Here we report that organ-specific epigenetic imprints in Arabidopsis thaliana can be partially maintained during asexual propagation from somatic cells in which a zygotic program is artificially induced. The altered marks are inherited even over multiple rounds of sexual reproduction, becoming fixed in hybrids and resulting in heritable molecular and physiological phenotypes that depend on the identity of the founder tissue. Consequently, clonal plants display distinct interactions with beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms. Our results demonstrate how novel phenotypic variation in plants can be unlocked through altered inheritance of epigenetic marks upon asexual propagation.

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Wasielewski, Jeff, and Carlos F. Balerdi. "Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Propagation." EDIS 2019, no. 6 (November 15, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-hs1349-2019.

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Propagation is an important technique used by tropical and subtropical fruit growers worldwide, allowing plants to be grown cheaply and efficiently. While sexual propagation (by seed) results in plants that are not genetically the same as the mother plant, asexual propagation (cuttings, division, air-layers, and grafting) creates offspring that are clones of the mother plant. Cloning fruit trees is important because it allows different cultivars to be preserved over time. This new 7-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department explains both sexual and asexual propagation techniques, why they are used, and what type of propagation is best for which species of tropical fruit. Written by Jeff Wasielewski and Carlos Balerdi. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1349

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Xoconostle-Morán, Brenda Beatriz, Beatriz Xoconostle-Cázares, Brenda Yazmín Vargas-Hernández, Leandro Alberto Núñez-Muñoz, Berenice Calderón-Pérez, and Roberto Ruiz-Medrano. "Long-Distance Movement of Solanum tuberosum Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (StTCTP) mRNA." Plants 12, no. 15 (August 1, 2023): 2839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12152839.

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Long-distance signaling molecules in plants, including different RNA species, play a crucial role in the development and environmental responses. Among these mobile signals, the Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) mRNA is one of the most abundant. TCTP regulates cell-cycle progression and programmed cell death and is involved in responses to abiotic and biotic stress as well as plant regeneration, among other functions. Considering that the ability to induce plant regeneration is linked to a possible role of TCTP in vegetative propagation and asexual reproduction, we analyzed TCTP overexpression in a solanaceous plant model that can reproduce asexually by regeneration from stolons and tubers. Therefore, in this study, the effect of transient expression of Solanum tuberosum TCTP (StTCTP) on tuber development and vegetative propagation was described. StTCTP mRNA was shown to be transported long-distance. Additionally, transient overexpression of StTCTP resulted in sprouts with a greater diameter compared to control plants. Furthermore, the early stages of tuberization were induced compared to control plants, in which only mature tubers were observed. These results suggest a role of TCTP in vegetative propagation and asexual reproduction.

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Kürn, Ulrich, Snjezana Rendulic, Stefano Tiozzo, and Robert J. Lauzon. "Asexual Propagation and Regeneration in Colonial Ascidians." Biological Bulletin 221, no. 1 (August 2011): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/bblv221n1p43.

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Matsuo, E., M. Matsuzawa, Y. Sakata, and K. Arisumi. "Asexual propagation of variegated Lilium longiflorum ‘Chotaro’." Scientia Horticulturae 39, no. 4 (July 1989): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(89)90128-3.

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Roberto, Sergio Ruffo, and Ronan Carlos Colombo. "Innovation in Propagation of Fruit, Vegetable and Ornamental Plants." Horticulturae 6, no. 2 (April 9, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6020023.

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There are two primary forms of plant propagation: sexual and asexual. In nature, propagation of plants most often involves sexual reproduction, and this form is still used in several species. Over the years, horticulturists have developed asexual propagation methods that use vegetative plant parts. Innovation in plant propagation has supported breeding programs and allowed the production of high-quality nursery plants with the same genetic characteristics of the mother plant, and free of diseases or pests. The purpose of this Special Issue, “Innovation in Propagation of Fruit, Vegetable and Ornamental Plants”, was to present state-of-the-art techniques recently developed by researchers worldwide. The Special Issue has brought together some of the latest research results of new techniques in plant propagation in nine original papers, which deal with a wide range of research activities.

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Cuevas-Cruz, Juan Carlos, Marcos Jiménez-Casas, Jesús Jasso-Mata, Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez, Javier López-Uptón, and Ángel Villegas-Monter. "Asexual propagation of Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham." Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente XXI, no. 1 (April 2015): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2014.08.033.

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Ma, Shuai, Jin Li, Jian-Ying Chen, Ren-Ming Mei, Kai Cui, and Lan Lan. "Research Progress and a Prospect Analysis of Asexual Bamboo Reproduction." Horticulturae 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2023): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060685.

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Bamboo possesses various characteristics that make it a promising renewable biomass resource. These include rapid growth, early timber production, strong adaptability, high yield, ease of planting, wide distribution, and ease of processing. With the increasing demand for bamboo resources, rapid propagation, species selection, and breeding have always been the focus of bamboo research. However, the long and unpredictable flowering cycle of bamboo, coupled with the difficulties of obtaining seeds, has made it difficult for mass-scale propagation and the introduction of desirable traits through classical breeding methods, which hinders the genetic improvement of bamboo. Asexual propagation, tissue culture, and genetic transformation present an effective breeding method to hasten the breeding process, improve breeding efficiency, and screen and create superior new varieties, and may significantly enhance the genetic improvement of bamboo and the development of the bamboo industry. This study reviews recent research on the asexual propagation of bamboo, propagation methods, cultivation means, influencing factors, and transgenes. The bamboo species that participated in asexual reproduction were systematically sorted according to the type of explants, the formula of the culture medium, and the results achieved. In addition, the bottlenecks and development trends in each training process were identified. This study provides a reference for the rapid propagation and genetic breeding of bamboo plants.

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Marler, Thomas. "Infestations of Aulacaspis yasumatsui Reduce Asexual Propagation and Transplantation Success of Cycas revoluta Plants." Horticulturae 9, no. 10 (October 7, 2023): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9101108.

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Cycad transplantation and asexual propagation by stem cuttings are highly successful horticultural procedures because the manoxylic stems contain copious nonstructural carbohydrates. The success of these horticultural procedures may be impaired by antecedent abiotic or biotic stress that decreases stem nonstructural carbohydrate content. The armored scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi has emerged as a global threat to cycad conservation, and the direct influence of A. yasumatsui herbivory on cycad transplantation or asexual propagation outcomes has not been adequately determined. Cycas revoluta Thunb. plants were infested with A. yasumatsui for 0, 20, or 40 weeks to determine the influence of infestation duration on transplantation or asexual propagation success. Following 20 weeks of infestation in one study, 100% of the undisturbed replications but only 60% of the transplanted replications survived. Following 40 weeks, 80% of the undisturbed replications but only 40% of the transplanted replications survived. Following 20 weeks of infestation in a second study, 100% of the intact replications but only 43% of the cuttings survived. Following 40 weeks, 86% of the intact replications and none of the cuttings survived. Leaf number and root, stem, and leaf dry weights followed similar trends, with declines in these metrics occurring with longer infestation durations. These outcomes indicated that adding the stress of asexual propagation or transplantation to C. revoluta plants that were damaged by A. yasumatsui herbivory decreased subsequent plant health and increased mortality.

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Krishnan, Sarada, Kurt Shultz, and Harrison Hughes. "ASEXUAL PROPAGATION OF SHEPERDIA CANADENSIS AND SHEPERDIA ROTUNDIFOLIA." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1094b—1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1094b.

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In recent years there has become an increased demand for native, drought-tolerant species for private landscaping and revegetation of disturbed sites; especially in the Rocky Mountains and high plains states. Sheperdia canadensis and S. rotundifolia, native to much of this area, have already increased in popularity due to their drought tolerance and general hardiness. Micropropagation and rooting of cuttings have been investigated for these two species. S. canadensis hardwood stem cuttings were successfully rooted with 0.8% IBA at 46.5% as compared to less than 5% from previous research. S. rotundifolia produced a greater number of axillary shoots on WPM as compared to MS medium and at a moderate concentration of BA.

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Krishnan, Sarada, Bahman Pirastah, and Harrison Hughes. "ASEXUAL PROPAGATION OF CEANOTHUS VELUTINUS AND CEANOTHUS FENDLERI." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1094e—1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1094e.

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The evergreen Ceanothus velutinus and semi-evergreen C. fendleri are native Colorado, drought-tolerant shrubs. They are of interest for landscaping and rock gardens, but have poor seed germination as well as vary considerably in growth form and habit. Asexual propagation methods would be important for commercial development of these species. Basal hardwood cuttings of C. velutinus were rooted using four different concentrations of IBA. The highest concentration of IBA (0.8%) showed the highest rooting (14.8%), while the average number of roots per cutting was highest for 0.1%. Ceanothus fendleri shoot tips were cultured on MS medium with four BA (0.89, 4.4, 8.9 and 17.8 μM) and three 2ip concentrations (24.6, 49.0 and 73.6 μM). After nine weeks an average of six shoots were produced in treatments having 4.9 μM of BA. Lower concentrations of BA up to 9.8 μM were better than higher concentrations of BA or 2ip. There was a tendency for production of callus at the higher levels of 8A and all levels of 2ip.

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Menegusso, Fernanda Jaqueline, Fabíola Villa, Daniel Fernandes da Silva, Tatiane Eberling, Giovana Ritter, and Maria Cristina Copello Rotili. "Podocarpo, a plant of ornamental interest: asexual propagation." Revista Ceres 68, no. 6 (December 2021): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x202168060005.

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Nasution, F., C. Yapwattanaphun, and J. Chumpookam. "Asexual and sexual propagation of Muntingia calabura L." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1298 (December 2020): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1298.52.

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Rinaldi, André Renato, Fabíola Villa, Daniel Fernandes da Silva, and Rafael Massahiro Yassue. "Stem cuttings and substrates in Dovyalis asexual propagation." Comunicata Scientiae 8, no. 4 (April 12, 2018): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v8i4.1986.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the asexual propagation of Dovyalis, through the use of substrates and cuttings. Three experiments were conducted in Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State, Brazil, and the first experiment consisted of three removal positions of the cuttings (apical, middle and basal) x 4 Indole butyric acid (IBA) concentrations (0 mg L-1, 1000 mg L-1, 2000 mg L-1 and 3000 mg L-1); the second experiment evaluated the number of leaves in the cuttings (2, 4 and 6) x 3 cutting sizes (10, 15 and 20 cm); and the third experiment evaluated four substrates for rooting. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design, with the first in a 3x4 and the second in a 3x3 factorial, respectively, containing 4 repetitions of 15 cuttings. The third experiment consisted of 5 repetitions of 15 cuttings. After the IBA treatment, the cuttings were taken to rooting in sandy beds during 70 days. The agronomical variables were evaluated. Basal and middle cuttings resulted in root systems with better development. The use of 1666 mg L-1 of IBA favors the Dovyalis cuttings rooting. Cuttings with 15 and 20 cm with four leaves favors the Dovyalis vegetative propagation. Dovyalis cuttings develop better on substrates containing latosol and vermiculite.

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Krishnan, Sarada, and Harrison Hughes. "Asexual Propagation of Shepherdia canadensis and S. rotundifolia." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 9, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-9.4.218.

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Abstract Shepherdia canadensis and S. rotundifolia were asexually propagated by hardwood cuttings and aseptic micropropagation. S. canadensis showed greatest rooting of 46.5% with 0.3% IBA. S. rotundifolia showed greater proliferation in woody plant media (WPM) with 0.89 μM BA and optimum rooting in WPM with 5.4 μM NAA.

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O'Dea, Aaron. "Asexual propagation in the marine bryozoan Cupuladria exfragminis." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 335, no. 2 (August 2006): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.04.002.

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Marler, Thomas E. "Visual Starch Stain Procedure Assists Cycad Propagation Decisions." Agronomy 13, no. 11 (November 14, 2023): 2815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13112815.

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Stem cuttings are often exploited for asexual propagation of cycad plants, and impaired health of the source plants may reduce success. A reliable procedure that screens potential source plants for predicted success would benefit conservationists. The cut surfaces of Cycas revoluta stem cuttings obtained from source plants that had endured 0–39 weeks of Aulacaspis yasumatsui herbivory were stained with potassium triiodide to determine if this visual test could predict asexual propagation success. The stem cuttings were sorted into three groups based on stain intensity, then specific gravity and starch concentration of pith and cortex tissue were measured. The cuttings were maintained in a propagation nursery for 27 weeks, then root growth was quantified as dry weight. Specific gravity ranged from 1.01 to 1.11 and scaled linearly with starch concentration, which ranged from 16 to 195 mg·g−1. The group of cuttings with the darkest stain intensity exhibited 100% propagation success with 23 g of roots per cutting, and the group with the least stain intensity exhibited 30% success with 2 g of roots per cutting. The group of stems with intermediate stain intensity exhibited intermediate values of every metric. These results indicated that cycad cuttings may be stained with iodine to estimate starch content in the field to provide an accurate instantaneous visual test for selection of the source plants that reliably generate the greatest level of asexual propagation success.

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Hughes, Harrison, and Eugene Weglinski. "Blackbrush, Coleogyne ramosissima, Propagation and Revegetation." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 13 (January 1, 1989): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1989.2771.

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The focus of this research is two-fold. First it is to develop a methodology for the asexual production of blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.) propagules. Furthermore, these propagules are to be evaluated for their use in revegetation of disturbed areas within Canyonlands National Park.

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O'Dea, Aaron, Andrew N. Ostrovsky, and Felix Rodríguez. "Embryonic brooding and clonal propagation in tropical eastern Pacific cupuladriid bryozoans." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 2 (August 3, 2009): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409000940.

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Colonial invertebrates often mix sexual and asexual methods of propagation, and a comprehensive understanding of both is required for life history study. The asexual cloning of new colonies in cupuladriid bryozoans is much better studied than the formation of new colonies by sexual reproduction. As such, the relative investments of sexual and asexual modes of propagation remain uncertain. This preliminary study explores patterns of embryonic brooding as a measure of investment into sexual reproduction. We conduct a survey of quantity and arrangement of embryos in tropical eastern Pacific cupuladriid colonies and compare this to the frequency of cloning. Species populations show considerable variation in embryonic brooding. Patterns of brooding, both across and within species strongly support the hypothesis that as cloning increases, investment into sexual reproduction decreases. We find preliminary evidence that individual cupuladriid colonies that propagate sexually may senesce like solitary organisms, while species that regularly clone only appear to experience senescence at the level of the zooid.

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GONG, Zhi-Yun, Guo-Xin SHI, Xiu-Xiu LIU, Chuan-Deng YI, and Heng-Xiu YU. "Genetic Stability of Rice Aneuploid during Its Asexual Propagation." ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 37, no. 9 (December 12, 2011): 1505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2011.01505.

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GONG, Zhi-Yun, Guo-Xin SHI, Xiu-Xiu LIU, Chuan-Deng YI, Ming-Hong GU, and Heng-Xiu YU. "Genetic Stability of Rice Aneuploid During Its Asexual Propagation." Acta Agronomica Sinica 37, no. 9 (September 2011): 1505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-2780(11)60040-0.

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Marler, Thomas E. "Stem Carbohydrates and Adventitious Root Formation of Cycas micronesica following Aulacaspis yasumatsui Infestation." HortScience 53, no. 8 (August 2018): 1125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13170-18.

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Large stem cuttings were removed from Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill trees and used for asexual propagation to more fully understand resource factors that influence adventitious root formation success. Healthy source trees had received insecticide protection from ubiquitous Aulacaspsis yasumatsui Takagi infestations and unhealthy source trees had suffered from chronic A. yasumatsui infestations. Nonstructural carbohydrates were quantified from stem tissues at the base of each 1-m cutting, and induction of adventitious roots was attempted using field soil as the medium. Carbohydrate concentrations were increased in healthy, protected tree cuttings above those in unhealthy, infested tree cuttings. The relative increase was greatest in the hexoses, intermediate in sucrose, and least in starch. The total nonstructural carbohydrate concentration in cuttings of infested trees was 54% of that of protected trees, and the sugar/starch quotient of infested trees exceeded that of protected trees. Asexual propagation success was 30% for the unhealthy tree cuttings and 100% for the healthy tree cuttings. These manipulative experiments confirm that chronic A. yasumatsui herbivory of C. micronesica trees reduces stem carbohydrates and decreases asexual propagation success. The results indicate that the use of large cuttings from unhealthy C. micronesica trees to rescue tree populations from construction sites is not a wise conservation decision in habitats where A. yasumatsui herbivory has been uncontrolled. Protocols for future rescue operations designed to transplant C. micronesica trees from construction sites may be improved by this new knowledge.

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Senthilkumar, S., N. Kumar, K. Soorianathasundaram, and P. Jeya Kumar. "Aspects on asexual propagation in papaya (Carica papayaL.)-a review." Agricultural Reviews 35, no. 4 (2014): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-0741.2014.00919.2.

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Sable, P. A. "Propagation by Sexual and Budding (Asexual) Methods in Horticulture Crops." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8041.

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Hafeez, Zeeshan, Syed Arif Hussain Shah, Muhammad Iqbal Shahid, and Muhammad Azhar Bashir. "Asexual propagation of most promising genotypes of jojoba Simmondsia chinensis." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.005.02.0295.

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Propagation of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) by direct seeding has genetic heterogeneity and about half of the seedlings may be males. Plantation with asexual propagules, though expensive, but it saves time to replant plants of known sex with high production. Vegetative propagation through layering, grafting, cuttings, tissue culture are even successful in jojoba. The current study was initiated to find out appropriate time of grafting and most responsive jojoba genotypefor asexual propagation.The female plants of five promising jojoba genotypes i.e. BRJ-5, BRJ-10, BRJ-22, BRJ-24 and BRJ-46 propagated through grafting, in the months of September and March during the year 2015-16 and 2016-17. The pooled analysis of the data revealed that the grafting practiced in the month of September performed better than in the month of March. The September grafting resulted in longer sprouts (18.49 cm) with more grafting success (74.43%) than that practiced in March. However, sprouts from March grafting took fewerdays to sprout (52.56) than that of September grafting (57.35 days). As far as the genotypeswas concerned, BRJ-22 surpassed theothers in taking minimum days (41.45) to sprout; attaining maximum sprout length (21.49 cm) and giving maximum success percentage (82.35). The study indicated that the optimum time of grafting for jojoba is the month of September and BRJ- 22 is the best suited strain for grafting.

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Sköld, Helen Nilsson, Maria E. Asplund, Christine A. Wood, and John D. D. Bishop. "Telomerase deficiency in a colonial ascidian after prolonged asexual propagation." Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 316B, no. 4 (January 11, 2011): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.21399.

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Ibragimov, Rustam. "Thou Shalt not Diversify: Why ‘Two Of Every Sort’?" Journal of Applied Probability 44, no. 1 (March 2007): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1175267163.

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This paper presents a study of the intertemporal propagation of distributional properties of phenotypes in general polygenic multisex inheritance models with sex- and time-dependent heritabilities. It further analyzes the implications of these models under heavy-tailedness of traits' initial distributions. Our results suggest the optimality of a flexible asexual/binary mating system. Switching between asexual and binary inheritance mechanisms allows the population effectively to achieve a fast suppression of negative traits and a fast dispersion of positive traits, regardless of the distributional properties of the phenotypes in the initial period.

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Ibragimov, Rustam. "Thou Shalt not Diversify: Why ‘Two Of Every Sort’?" Journal of Applied Probability 44, no. 01 (March 2007): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200002710.

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This paper presents a study of the intertemporal propagation of distributional properties of phenotypes in general polygenic multisex inheritance models with sex- and time-dependent heritabilities. It further analyzes the implications of these models under heavy-tailedness of traits' initial distributions. Our results suggest the optimality of a flexible asexual/binary mating system. Switching between asexual and binary inheritance mechanisms allows the population effectively to achieve a fast suppression of negative traits and a fast dispersion of positive traits, regardless of the distributional properties of the phenotypes in the initial period.

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Peabody, George, James Winkler, Weston Fountain, David A. Castro, Enzo Leiva-Aravena, and Katy C. Kao. "Benefits of a Recombination-Proficient Escherichia coli System for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 22 (September 9, 2016): 6736–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01850-16.

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ABSTRACTAdaptive laboratory evolution typically involves the propagation of organisms asexually to select for mutants with the desired phenotypes. However, asexual evolution is prone to competition among beneficial mutations (clonal interference) and the accumulation of hitchhiking and neutral mutations. The benefits of horizontal gene transfer toward overcoming these known disadvantages of asexual evolution were characterized in a strain ofEscherichia coliengineered for superior sexual recombination (genderless). Specifically, we experimentally validated the capacity of the genderless strain to reduce the mutational load and recombine beneficial mutations. We also confirmed that inclusion of multiple origins of transfer influences both the frequency of genetic exchange throughout the chromosome and the linkage of donor DNA. We built a simple kinetic model to estimate recombination frequency as a function of transfer size and relative genotype enrichment in batch transfers; the model output correlated well with the experimental data. Our results provide strong support for the advantages of utilizing the genderless strain over its asexual counterpart during adaptive laboratory evolution for generating beneficial mutants with reduced mutational load.IMPORTANCEOver 80 years ago Fisher and Muller began a debate on the origins of sexual recombination. Although many aspects of sexual recombination have been examined at length, experimental evidence behind the behaviors of recombination in many systems and the means to harness it remain elusive. In this study, we sought to experimentally validate some advantages of recombination in typically asexualEscherichia coliand determine if a sexual strain ofE. colican become an effective tool for strain development.

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Hughes, Harrison, and Eugene Weglinski. "Blackbrush, Coleogyne ramosissima Propagation and Revegetation of Disturbed Sites." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 15 (January 1, 1991): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1991.2971.

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Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.) is a small to medium sized shrub of the Rosaceae family. It is considered to be a paleoendemic species which once disturbed on a site does not reestablish. Its distribution is a narrow band ranging from eastern California to extreme western Colontdo occupying a niche between the major species of the Great Basin and Mojave Deserts (Bjugstad 1983; Landis and Simonich 1983; and Wallace et al. 1970). The populations at Arches and Canyonlands National Parks occupy the northern most region of its range. Guidelines exist for the propagation of blackbrush by seed (Vories 1981). Problems exist, however, with the acquisition of seed due to infrequent and inconsistent seed set and establishment of seedlings due to feeding by herbivores (Bowns and West 1976). Therefore, asexual propagation by cuttings or mound layering offer potential. Asexual propagation techniques may present the answer to the revegetation problem in that a relatively large number of plants may be produced with a minimal amount of effort once a successful methodology is established. Additionally, rooted cuttings result in a mature plant more rapidly than do seedlings, reducing the mortality problem due to herbivore feeding. Finally, mother plants which are well adapted to a specific site may be reproduced, increasing the probability of success once the plantlets are reintroduced into the field. There were three primary objectives of this research. The first was to evaluate the effects of rooting hormones, season, and maturity of the wood on the rooting of cuttings of blackbrush. The second, was to evaluate response of blackbrush to mount layering with mother plants receiving normal or supplemental water. Finally, we evaluated the reintroduction of all plantlets to the field using proper planting times, soil preparation, and water harvesting techniques. The ultimate goal was to establish procedures for propagating blackbrush and reestablishing it onto disturbed sites within the National Parks.

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Janick, Jules, James E. Simon, and Anna Whipkey. "In Vitro Propagation of Borage." HortScience 22, no. 3 (June 1987): 493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.3.493.

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Abstract In vitro shoot proliferation of borage (Borago officinalis L.) was achieved in a basal medium based on Murashige and Skoog salts supplemented with 17.6 μm BA (4 mg·liter−1) plus 10% (v/v) coconut water. Rooting of in vitro-produced shoots occurred in basal media and increased in response to the addition of IBA. Rooted shoots were transferred successfully to soil. Immature zygotic embryos cultured in 4.5 μm 2,4-D (1 mg·liter−1) plus coconut water (CW) produce asexual embryos directly from the cotyledonary surface and indirectly from callus. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA).

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Calvez, Vincent, Joachim Crevat, Léonard Dekens, Benoit Fabrèges, Frédéric Kuczma, Florian Lavigne, and Gaël Raoul. "Influence of the mode of reproduction on dispersal evolution during species invasion." ESAIM: Proceedings and Surveys 67 (2020): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/proc/202067008.

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We consider a reaction-diffusion-reproduction equation, modeling a population which is spatially heterogeneous. The dispersion of each individuals is influenced by its phenotype. In the literature, the asymptotic propagation speed of an asexual population has already been rigorously determined. In this paper we focus on the difference between the asexual reproduction case, and the sexual reproduction case, involving a non-local term modeling the reproduction. This comparison leads to a different invasion speed according to the reproduction. After a formal analysis of both cases, leading to a heuristic of the asymptotic behaviour of the invasion fronts, we give some numerical evidence that the acceleration rate of the spatial spreading of a sexual population is slower than the acceleration rate of an asexual one. The main difficulty to get sharper results on a transient comes from the non-local sexual reproduction term.

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St. Hilaire, Rolston. "105 Propagation of Taxodium mucronatum (Montezuma Cypress)." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 459D—459. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.459d.

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Indigenous stands of Taxodium mucronatum Ten. are found in North and Central America, but relatively little is known about the propagation of the species. Progeny from one tree in the Mesilla Valley near Las Cruces, N.M., and from two trees in the Gila National Forest, New Mexico, were observed to be relatively cold-hardy. I initiated this research to find the best conditions for asexual and sexual propagation of those three trees. Terminal softwood cuttings were collected on 16 Oct. 1998 from a half-sibling of the Mesilla Valley tree, and from two half-siblings from the trees in the Gila National Forest. Cuttings were treated with two concentrations of IBA and rooted under intermittent mist in the greenhouse for 13 weeks. Cuttings taken from the Mesilla Valley source and from one of the half-siblings from the Gila did not root. The other half-sibling plant from the Gila showed 82% rooting when cuttings were treated with 8 g IBA/kg. Fifty percent of cuttings rooted when they were treated with 3 g IBA/kg. Root number and root length were greatest for cuttings treated with 8 g IBA/kg. Replication over time will determine whether stock plant environment and the time of taking cuttings affect rooting. Strategies that optimize seed germination and seedling development of asexually and sexually propagated material are being evaluated.

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Karapatzak, Eleftherios, Olga Dichala, Ioannis Ganopoulos, Antonis Karydas, Katerina Papanastasi, Dimitris Kyrkas, Paraskevi Yfanti, et al. "Molecular Authentication, Propagation Trials and Field Establishment of Greek Native Genotypes of Sambucus nigra L. (Caprifoliaceae): Setting the Basis for Domestication and Sustainable Utilization." Agronomy 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010114.

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In the context of sustainable utilisation of valuable but neglected plant resources, a multifaceted study is presented herein for Greek native genotypes of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L., Caprifoliaceae), a species with an appreciated pharmaceutical and nutritional value. At the first phase, fresh plant materials (leaves, softwood cuttings) were collected from nine geographically separated genotypes originating from wild-growing Greek native germplasm of S. nigra. The leaf samples were genetically authenticated using DNA barcoding (ITS2). The next phase included the development of an asexual propagation protocol via cuttings which included screening of the collected genotypes in terms of propagation success, and further experimentation over a two-year period on a prioritised genotype. The propagation results highlighted the importance of external application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) rooting hormone at levels of 2000–4000 ppm, which consistently presented high rooting rates (100%) of summer softwood, leafy cuttings of apical or sub-apical type. At the same time, rooting quality in terms of root number and length as well as early plant growth after rooting, were improved by external hormone application resulting in high rates of plant survival. This study reports first-time data on multifaceted assessment of Greek native S. nigra genotypes on molecular authentication and asexual propagation, thus ultimately setting the basis for domestication and sustainable utilization of this species.

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Anderson, Neil O., and Peter D. Ascher. "053 CLONAL DECLINE IN HORTICULTURAL CROPS DUE TO MULLER'S RATCHET." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 435e—435. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.435e.

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It should be possible to maintain horticultural clones unchanged forever through asexual generations, as commercial propagators and clonal repositories maintain clonal integrity, disease-free stock plants, or remove mutations. However, unintentional selection for nonhorticultural traits could still be occurring. Accumulations of such traits would be due to the operation of Muller's ratchet and include fertility losses, increases in virus titer, and stunted growth habit. In chrysanthemums, Dendranthema grandiflora. clones separated from sexual cycles for generations become increasingly sterile. Seed set across years, using coefficients of crossability (FCC/MCC), was examined for garden clones (forced through sexual cycles annually) and greenhouse clones (asexual cycles only). Garden clones 40 years old (54-101-11) had only depressed levels of fertility. In other cases (77-AM 3-17), the ratchet was reversed >1 sexual cycle. Greenhouse clones were often completely sterile since their propagation is primarily asexual.

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Ajmal, Maria, Adil Hussain, Asad Ali, Hongge Chen, and Hui Lin. "Strategies for Controlling the Sporulation in Fusarium spp." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9010010.

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Fusarium species are the most destructive phytopathogenic and toxin-producing fungi, causing serious diseases in almost all economically important plants. Sporulation is an essential part of the life cycle of Fusarium. Fusarium most frequently produces three different types of asexual spores, i.e., macroconidia, chlamydospores, and microconidia. It also produces meiotic spores, but fewer than 20% of Fusaria have a known sexual cycle. Therefore, the asexual spores of the Fusarium species play an important role in their propagation and infection. This review places special emphasis on current developments in artificial anti-sporulation techniques as well as features of Fusarium’s asexual sporulation regulation, such as temperature, light, pH, host tissue, and nutrients. This description of sporulation regulation aspects and artificial anti-sporulation strategies will help to shed light on the ways to effectively control Fusarium diseases by inhibiting the production of spores, which eventually improves the production of food plants.

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Singh, Poonam. "Propagation of 14 native prairie forbs by sexual and asexual methods." Native Plants Journal 22, no. 3 (2021): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/npj.22.3.345.

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., M. Khosh-Khui, and K. Kaviani . "Investigation on Sexual and Asexual Propagation of Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.)." Journal of Plant Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2005): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jps.2006.31.35.

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Khosh-Khui, M., and K. Kaviani. "Investigation on Sexual and Asexual Propagation of Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.)*." Journal of Plant Sciences 5, no. 1 (December 15, 2009): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jps.2010.50.54.

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Lu, Li, and Stephen F. Ng. "Somatic function of the micronucleus of Stylonychia mytilus during asexual propagation." European Journal of Protistology 27, no. 1 (March 1991): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0932-4739(11)80424-4.

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Morris, D. J., and A. Adams. "Transmission of freshwater myxozoans during the asexual propagation of invertebrate hosts." International Journal for Parasitology 36, no. 3 (March 2006): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.10.009.

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Singh, Gurpreet, Homraj Sahare, and Maninderdeep Maninderdeep. "Recent Trends In Guava Propagation- A Review." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 16, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2732.

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The propagation of the guava (Psidium guajava L.) may be carried out with seeds, layering, grafting or budding, cuttings (roots or shoots) or by micropropagation. The guava propagation by seeds is carried out for the growing rootstocks and for growing plants to be detected in the early stages of the cultivation of guava trees. The asexual methods for propagation are used to clone chosen genotypes of breeding methods and to establish commercial fruit orchards, as they provide all the distinctiveness of each cultivar. This review article deals with various methods used in the propagation of guava, which are commercially adopted, and the recent progress and trends related to it. The various propagation techniques are available, but the levels of adoption are quite different in guava producing areas.

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Barrett, Spencer C. H. "Influences of clonality on plant sexual reproduction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 29 (July 20, 2015): 8859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501712112.

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Flowering plants possess an unrivaled diversity of mechanisms for achieving sexual and asexual reproduction, often simultaneously. The commonest type of asexual reproduction is clonal growth (vegetative propagation) in which parental genotypes (genets) produce vegetative modules (ramets) that are capable of independent growth, reproduction, and often dispersal. Clonal growth leads to an expansion in the size of genets and increased fitness because large floral displays increase fertility and opportunities for outcrossing. Moreover, the clonal dispersal of vegetative propagules can assist “mate finding,” particularly in aquatic plants. However, there are ecological circumstances in which functional antagonism between sexual and asexual reproductive modes can negatively affect the fitness of clonal plants. Populations of heterostylous and dioecious species have a small number of mating groups (two or three), which should occur at equal frequency in equilibrium populations. Extensive clonal growth and vegetative dispersal can disrupt the functioning of these sexual polymorphisms, resulting in biased morph ratios and populations with a single mating group, with consequences for fertility and mating. In populations in which clonal propagation predominates, mutations reducing fertility may lead to sexual dysfunction and even the loss of sex. Recent evidence suggests that somatic mutations can play a significant role in influencing fitness in clonal plants and may also help explain the occurrence of genetic diversity in sterile clonal populations. Highly polymorphic genetic markers offer outstanding opportunities for gaining novel insights into functional interactions between sexual and clonal reproduction in flowering plants.

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Cottrell, Tom R. "Willow colonization of Rocky Mountain mires." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-026.

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Salixplanifolia Pursh ssp. planifolia and Salixmonticola Bebb are the dominant willow species of Colorado Rocky Mountain willow carrs. Extensive field observations suggest that neither of these species is capable of sexual propagation under continuous sedge cover on peat soils. Growth experiments using willow stem cuttings in pots of saturated peat soil indicate that S. planifolia produces more root biomass (p = 0.0031) and shoot biomass (p = 0.0001) than S. monticola during one summer of growth. Male 5. planifolia and female S. monticola produce more dry-weight root (p = 0.0390) and shoot (p = 0.0442) biomass than their conspecific opposite sex. A species by sex by elevation interaction is significant for root biomass (p = 0.0360). The results are suggestive that these taxa have different regeneration niches. Asexual propagation driven by beaver activity is suggested as an explanation for the dominance of s. planifolia in mires and how this species colonizes vegetated peat soils. Beaver cut and store willow stems for a winter food source. This activity provides willow fragments for asexual colonization of mires.

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Nanos, Christos, Parthena Tsoulpha, Stefanos Kostas, Stefanos Hatzilazarou, Ioanna Michail, Vasiliki Anastasiadi, Elias Pipinis, Evangelos Gklavakis, Angelos K. Kanellis, and Irini Nianiou-Obeidat. "Asexual Propagation of Greek Salvia officinalis L. Populations Selected for Ornamental Use." Horticulturae 9, no. 7 (July 24, 2023): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9070847.

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Salvia officinalis, commonly known as sage, is highly valued for its medicinal and ornamental properties. In the present work, 12 native sage populations of north-west Greece were evaluated for eight ornamental traits. Populations from the locations of Aristi, Kefalovryso and Igoumenitsa were selected as the best performing and for their preservation and availability in the market, their asexual propagation was investigated by (a) shoot cutting and (b) in vitro techniques. Propagation by cuttings was investigated during the four seasons. Aristi exhibited the highest rooting (65%) in spring with a well-developed root system (4.7 root number and 5.0 cm length) by applying 0.5 g·L−1 Indole-3-butyric acid, potassium salt (K-IBA), established on perlite under a fog system. However, the rooting performance of Aristi spring cuttings was not affected by different substrates of peat:perlite (0:1, 1:1, 1:2 v/v) or rooting systems (mist, fog) tested. Furthermore, the in vitro propagation of the selected sage populations was investigated using shoot tips as explants. After successful disinfection, the effect of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in ten different combinations of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) were tested on shoot multiplication. Aristi presented the highest number of newly formed shoots on MS9 (0.1 mg·L−1 IAA and 0.8 mg·L−1 TDZ) and MS5 (0.1 mg·L−1 IAA and 0.8 mg·L−1 BAP) (3.35 and 3.21 new shoots/explant, respectively) with the highest shoot length (2.23 cm and 3.2 cm) and unexpected spontaneous root formation (64%) at MS5. The rooting ability of Aristi microshoots was further investigated in order to enhance their response. Of the three rooting variants tested, optimal rooting formation (100%) was observed on 0.9 mg·L−1 IAA (R3) combined with successful acclimatization (100%). Aristi exceeded the other populations in both the tested propagation systems, thus holding a strong potential for its introduction in the market as a competitive ornamental variety.

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Leslie, John F., and Keith K. Klein. "Female Fertility and Mating Type Effects on Effective Population Size and Evolution in Filamentous Fungi." Genetics 144, no. 2 (October 1, 1996): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.2.557.

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Abstract The idealized individual in many fungal species is a haploid self-sterile hermaphrodite that may be propagated by asexually produced spores or that may reproduce sexually. In field populations, polymorphism occurs for female-sterile / hermaphrodite status, and female-sterile mutants, which function only as males during sexual reproduction, may comprise >50% of the population. The effective population number may be based on the number of strains of different mating type or the relative frequency of hermaphrodites. The female-sterile mutants are at a selective disadvantage every time sexual reproduction occurs, and must have an advantage during vegetative propagation to persist at a significant frequency. When a high frequency of female-sterile strains is observed in field populations, it indicates that vegetative propagation is a significant component of the fungus' natural history. Depending on the mutation rate to female sterility and the selective advantage of the femalesterile strains during vegetative propagation, the ratio of sexual:asexual generations can range from 1:15 to 1:2300 for species in the Gibberella fujikuroi complex. The relative rarity of sexual reproduction may permit female-sterile strains to accumulate to a level such that local populations could completely lose sexuality and appear as asexual (imperfect) species.

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Sable, P. A. "Propagation by Seed (Sexual Method) and Grafting (Asexual Method) in Horticulture Crops." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8034.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Asexual propagation'

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