Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Asfixia perinatal'
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Souza, Samir Kahl de. "Efeitos metabólicos da asfixia perinatal em diferentes estruturas cerebrais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96794.
Full textPerinatal asphyxia is among the major direct causes of neonatal death, being a great determinant of morbidity and neurological impairment. Its origin is associated with inadequate tissue oxygenation and perfusion. Thus, the type of damage caused by asphyxia is related to its duration and stage of fetal development. Physiological responses promote adaptation across the perinatal asphyxia, such as the blood flow’s shunting to vital organs and anaerobic metabolism increasing. However, sometimes adaptive responses are not enough to compensate effects of asphyxia, causing significant changes in energy reserves, Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme activity and glutamate extracellular concentration. Female Wistar rats on day 22° of pregnant were subjected to cesarean section and both uterine horns were removed. Control animals fetuses were obtained through immediate incision of one uterine horn. The other one was isolated and maintained in 0.9 % saline solution at 37°C, for 15 min, to obtain asphyxiated neonates. Some controls were immediately decapitated (acute control), while others were stimulated to breathe and kept at 34°C, for 60 min, in normoxia (control with recovery). At the end of asphyxia, some neonates were immediately decapitated (acute asphyxia) and the remaining were kept at 34°C, for 60 min, in normoxia (asphyxia with recovery). In this study, the levels of lactate, glucose, the amount of glycogen in the liver, skeletal muscle, cerebral cortex and hippocampus were determined. ATP levels so as glutamate uptake in the cerebral cortex were also evaluated. Then, the Na+/K+-ATPase activity assay from acute groups was performed in hippocampal tissue, cerebral cortex and synaptosomes obtained from cerebral cortex. These results indicate that perinatal asphyxia caused in acute asphyxia group and asphyxia with recovery group significant increases plasmatic lactate and glucose. In cerebral cortex, acute asphyxia and asphyxia with recovery group showed significant glycogen reduction compared to respective control groups. Differently, it was not observed in hippocampus. ATP concentrations decreased in acute asphyxia and asphyxia with recovery group compared to acute control. There was no significant difference in glutamate uptake of cerebral cortex in acute asphyxia and asphyxia with recovery. Na+/ K+-ATPase enzyme activity was not altered in acute asphyxia related to acute control group. In conclusion, perinatal asphyxia caused changes in animal metabolism, which persisted after 60 min of recovery. Moreover, cerebral cortex after asphyxia, even with a significant reduction in ATP levels, is more capable to maintain glutamate transport compared to hippocampus. More studies are necessary to identify mechanisms that cause different effects in cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
Pereira, Denise Neves. "Efeitos da asfixia perinatal sobre a Tireotropina (THS) e os hormônios da tireóide." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115327.
Full textObjective: The purpose of this study was to compare plasmatic T4, T3, free T4, reverse T3 and TSH leveis in cord blood and peripheral blood collected 18 to 24 hours after birth of asphyxiated and normal term newborn infants. The incidence of the euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS), its relation with case gravity and the correlation between hormone leveis and the prognosis of asphyxiated newborn infants were also studied. Methods: An exposed-control study was performed. The study group was formed by term newborn infants with Apgar scores < 7 in the first and the fifth minutes of life and umbilical cord pH < 7.2. The control group was formed by term newborn infants with Apgar scores 2: 8 in the first and the fifth minutes of life and umbilical cord pH 2: 7.2. Umbilical cord blood and blood collected 18 to 24 hours after birth were utilized to determine plasmatic T4, T3, free T4, reverse T3 and TSH concentrations, pH, pC02, p02 and base excess. All the newborn infants were followed until discharge. Based on data reported in literature, a sample size of 14 newborn infants for each group was calculated. Results: There were 17 newborn infants in each group. Both groups were similar in respect to gestational age, mode of delivery and color. Apgar scores in the first and fifth minutes of life were significantly lower in the asphyxiated group compared to the control group. The asphyxiated newbom infants had a lower pH, p02 and base excess and a significantly higher pC02 in cord blood than the normal newborn infants. There weren't differences in the thyroid hormone concentrations and TSH, except reverse T3 , which was higher in the asphyxiated group. At 18 to 24 hours after birth, there were no differences between both groups in respect to pH, pC02 and base excess. The p02 was significantly higher in the asphyxiated group. Plasmatic hormone leveis were significantly lower in the asphyxiated group, but there wasn't difference in the plasmatic reverse T3 levei between both groups. The ESS was observed in 14 asphyxiated newbom infants (82.3%) and in 5 normal newbom infants (29.4%). There wasn't any association between ESS and case gravity. The prognos1s was worse in the patients with low free T 4 leveis ( < 2.18 ng/ml). Conclusions: The data suggest that asphyxia cause a failure of T4, T3, free T4 and TSH to rise, making their concentrations in the newbom infants Iower than the cord blood. The ESS was very frequent in the asphyxiated newbom infants, but there was no association between its incidence and case gravity. Free T4 leveis 2 2.18 ng/ml give protection to the asphyxiated newbom infant, indicating a Iower alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.
Silva, García Javier Ignacio. "Efecto del ejercicio físico voluntario sobre las capacidades de memoria en un modelo animal de asfixia perinatal." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151363.
Full textLa asfixia perinatal (AP) es una de las principales causas de muerte y daño neurológico en los recién nacidos, y se presenta generalmente asociada al periodo de parto. Es definida como un insulto metabólico causado por la interrupción temporal del aporte de oxígeno al organismo, que conlleva a muerte celular induciendo efectos deletéreos a nivel neurológico. Esta patología ha sido ampliamente estudiada en modelos animales, siendo el modelo en ratas bien caracterizado y clínicamente relevante para reproducir la asfixia perinatal humana. Dentro de las regiones cerebrales más vulnerables a la asfixia se encuentran el hipocampo, ganglios basales y cerebelo induciendo alteraciones motoras y cognitivas. Es ampliamente reconocido que el ejercicio físico posee un efecto neuroprotector frente a eventuales daños del sistema nervioso central, ya sea por envejecimiento o una injuria específica. En respuesta al ejercicio se liberan distintos factores tróficos que promueve un aumento en plasticidad y neurogénesis; a la vez que produce mejoras en nuestras capacidades cognitivas como la memoria. Estudios previos de nuestro laboratorio sugieren que el ejercicio tendría un efecto benéfico en la memoria que se corelacionaría con un incremento en la actividad histaminérgica cerebral. Por otro lado, se ha descrito que la AP genera déficits cognitivos evaluados con una tarea de reconocimiento de objetos que se correlacionan a una disminución en el número de células histaminérgicas en el núcleo túberomamilar del hipotálamo. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar si el ejercicio físico voluntario es capaz de mejorar el deterioro cognitivo, específicamente de memoria y la plasticidad hipocampal en ratas con AP. Para ello, en ratas sedentarias (espontánea n=6, cesárea n=6 y asfíctica n=6) y ratas que hacen ejercicio voluntario en rueda por 21 días (espontánea n=6, cesárea n=6 y asfíctica n=5) se evaluó (i) la memoria dependiente de hipocampo mediante una tarea de reconocimiento de la posición de objetos; (ii) la plasticidad neuronal hipocampal mediante inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) para Arc y (iii) la actividad histaminérgica en el núcleo túbero-mamilar mediante doble IHQ para c-fos y ADA, (un marcador de fenotipo histaminérgico). Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que el ejercicio indujo (i) un incremento en la capacidad de memoria de los animales con AP alcanzando un desempeño similar al del grupo control, (ii) un incremento en la inmunoreactividad de Arc en el hipocampo de ratas con AP. La actividad histaminérgica cerebral en las ratas AP no evidenció cambios, lo que si fue observado en los grupos controles, donde aumentó la activación del sistema histaminérgico. Estos datos sugieren que el ejercicio voluntario mejora las capacidades de memoria de animales que sufren AP en paralelo a un incremento en la plasticidad hipocampal, independiente del sistema histaminérgico. Sin embargo, se requieren estudios que incorporen un mayor número de variables del ejercicio para poder determinar qué parámetro del mismo se correlaciona con estas ganancias cognitivas.
Perinatal asphyxia (PA), is a leading cause of death and neurological damage in the neural system between the newborns, and generally, it presents associated at the delivery. Is defined by a metabolic insult caused by a temporary interruption of oxygen supply to the organism, which leads to cellular death-inducing deleterious effects at the neurological level. This pathology has been widely studied in animal models, been the rat model well-characterized and clinically relevant to study human PA. Hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum are within the most vulnerable regions in asphyxia inducing cognitive and motor disorders. It’s widely known that physical exercise has a neuroprotector effect against possible damage in central nervous system, either by aging or a particular injury. In response to exercise different kind of trophic factors are released which promote an increase in plasticity and neurogenesis; at the same time, it produces improvements in our cognitive capacities like memory. According to previous results from our laboratory exercise it would have a beneficial effect on memory, correlated with an increase in histaminergic cerebral activity. By the other side, it has been proposed that perinatal asphyxia generates cognitive deficits evaluated by an object recognition test and that is correlated with a decrease in the number of histaminergic cells in tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) at the hypothalamus. The primary objective of this work was study if voluntary physical exercise is able to improve the cognitive impairment, specifically in memory, and hippocampal plasticity in PA rats. For that objective hippocampal-dependent memory was evaluated by object location task in sedentary rats (spontaneous n=6, cesarean n=6 and asphytic n=6) versus rats that are able to voluntary run by 21 days in an exercise wheel (spontaneous n=6, cesarean n=6 and asphytic n=6). It was also evaluated hippocampal plasticity by Arc immunohistochemistry and histaminergic activity in the TMN by double immunohistochemistry to c-Fos and ADA (an histaminergic phenotype marker). The obtained results show that exercise (i) induced a memory increase in PA animals, achieving similar performance to the control group, (ii) Produced an increase in Arc immunoreactivity (plasticity associated protein) in PA rats at the hippocampus. (iii) There are no changes in histaminergic activity of the perinatal asphyxia rats, which in turn, was observed at control groups, where histaminergic system activation increased. This data suggest that voluntary exercise improves memory capacities in PA animal, at time with an increase in hippocampal plasticity, independent of the histaminergic system. Nevertheless, further studies are needed with a greater number of exercise variables to determine which one is correlated with this cognitive improvement.
Vargas, Nadia Sandra Orozco. "Marcadores prognósticos de evolução neonatal de recém-nascidos de termo portadores de asfixia perinatal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-29082012-135124/.
Full textPerinatal asphyxia and its most serious complication, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are causes of high mortality and neurological sequelae in the newborn (NB). Evidence of cerebral impairment can be detected in the first week of life and early diagnosis is very important for the treatment and follow-up. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia and HIE; consider the usefulness of four blood markers: glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) collected the birth, with 24 and 72 hours of life, as markers of brain damage in asphyxiated infants, to identify the presence of neurological clinical score by Sarnat and Sarnat (1976) with 24 and 72 hours and 28 days of life and describe the presence of brain lesions detected by cranial ultrasound with 24 and 72 hours and 28 days. METHOD: A prospective cohort study which included fullterm infants who had perinatal asphyxia by Buonocore criteria (presence at birth of at least two of the following clinical and laboratory conditions: metabolic acidosis with pH levels of the umbilical vein 7.20, Apgar score in the fifth minute of life <6, need for inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) 0.40 to maintain an oxygen saturation of 86%). To perform the pH and biochemical markers of blood was collected at birth, 24 and 72 hours of life. Clinical examination according to criteria of Sarnat and Sarnat was performed with 24 and 72 hours and 28 days of life and cranial ultrasound was performed in the same time. RESULTS: Of 2989 live births during the study period, 28 had asphyxia (1% of total births) and HIE was found in 21.42%. The CK-MB showed that all above normal values (<5.10ng/ml) and correlated with the changes presented in the clinical examination of Sarnat and the USG transfontanelle. The values of other enzymes such as GOT (24h), GOT and GPT (72h) also correlated positively with the brain lesins detected by cranial ultrasound in 3.5% of patients with 24 hours of life, 25% at 72 hours and 28 6% after 28 days. Ultrasonography of brain at 28 days showed a statistically significant increase in the percentage of abnormal results when compared with that observed at 24h (p = 0.039), despite the Sarnat stages have improved, with larger numbers of patients with stage I during the 28 days. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of perinatal asphyxia and HIE is within the range cited in literature. The best biochemical marker in this series was the CK-MB and correlated with the changes presented in the clinical examination of Sarnat and ultrasound transfontanelle. The ROC curve showed: values of CK-MB of 24 hours and USG 72 hours sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 85.7% and accuracy of 85.7%. The clinical Sarnat score did not change after 72 hours and correlated with changes in ultrasound transfontanelle and this imaging method proved to be an appropiate study to detect brain lesions early and with 28 days of life
Koneski, Júlio Amaro de Sá. "Características bioquímicas e citologia do líquido cefalorraquidiano de recém-nascidos a termo com asfixia perinatal." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89330.
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OBJETIVOS: Descrever as características do líquido cefalorraquidiano (análise bioquímica - proteína e glicose, e citometria) em recém-nascidos que apresentaram asfixia perinatal, e comparar com um grupo controle de recém-nascidos não asfixiados. MÉTODO: Estudo caso-controle, realizado de agosto de 2004 a dezembro de 2005, na Maternidade Darci Vargas, Joinville, SC, incluindo dois grupos de recém-nascidos a termo: um com sete RNs com diagnóstico de asfixia perinatal, e um grupo controle formado por sete recém-nascidos sem evidência de asfixia ao nascer. Dos dois grupos foram coletados líquor através de punção lombar nas primeiras 48 h de vida para a determinação da contagem total e específica de células, proteína e glicorraquia. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram similares quanto aos dados antropométricos, idade gestacional e características maternas. A contagem média de leucócitos no grupo de asfixiados foi de 2.28 células/mm3, e 4.14 células/mm3 no grupo controle. A glicorraquia média encontrada no grupo de asfixiados foi 55.57 mg/dl e 37.57 mg/dl no grupo controle. Encontrou-se diferença significativamente mais baixa ( p = 0,0087) nos valores médios de proteinorraquia no grupo de recém-nascidos asfixiados (47.57mg/dl) quando comparados com o grupo controle (88.57mg/dl). CONCLUSÃO: A asfixia não demonstrou ser um fator determinante para que pudesse ocorrer diferença no número de leucócitos e glicorraquia, não sendo encontrada diferença significativa na comparação entre os dois grupos. Apesar das taxas de proteínas encontradas revelarem uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos, serão necessários estudos futuros com um número maior de casos para confirmar estes achados. OBJECTIVE: To describe cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) features in neonates after moderate and severe birth asphyxia, and compare with a normal control group. These features include biochemistry analysis (protein and glucose) and leukocyte (global and specific) count. METHODS: This case-control study was performed from August /2004 to December/2005, at the Darci Vargas Maternity Hospital in Joinville, Brazil. The study group was composed of full term newborns who fulfilled the birth asphyxia criteria (n=7). The control-group was design with full term newborn with no evidence of asphyxia (n=7). The CSF was obtained prior to 48 hours of life from both groups. RESULTS: The two groups were matched by anthropometric data, gestational age and maternal risks. The asphyxiated group was classified according to the severity of the insult from moderate (4/7) to severe stage (2/7). Leukocyte count was 2. 28 cells/mm3 in the asphyxiated group and was 4.14 cells/mm3 in the control group. The mean value of glucose was 55.57 mg/dl in the asphyxiated group and 37.57 mg/dl in the control group. Protein content values was lower (47.57mg/dl) in the asphyxiated group than in the control group (88.57mg/dl) (p = 0.0087). CONCLUSION: Birth asphyxia did not appear to interfere in the CSF cell count and glucose content. Although the protein value revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups, future studies including higher number of cases will be necessary to reassure this finding.
Suarez, Olivia Adayr Xavier [UNESP]. "O monitoramento dos movimentos corporais do sono e do ritmo de sono-vigília como indicador das alterações provocadas pela asfixia em ratos recém-nascidos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96121.
Full textAs limitações dos métodos diagnósticos da asfixia perinatal levaram-nos a investigar se o monitoramento dos movimentos corporais do sono (MCS) e do ritmo de sono-vigília (S/V) pode ser utilizado como marcador diagnóstico deste processo patológico. Para tanto, os registros eletromiográfico e eletrocardiográfico de 8 ratos recém-nascidos, Wistar, com 6 a 48h de vida, foram obtidos durante 4 períodos experimentais: período controle - com ratos respirando ar atmosférico, por 30min; período de asfixia - com ratos submetidos a dois períodos de asfixia de 30min (T1 e T2), com seus corpos inteiramente envolvidos por filme de polivinil (PVC); e período de recuperação - com ratos respirando ar ambiente novamente, por 30min. A freqüência cardíaca diminuiu significantemente durante a asfixia, em relação à fase controle. Nós concluímos que o monitoramento dos MCS e do ritmo de sono-vigília se mostrou um parâmetro promissor no diagnóstico da asfixia perinatal e de suas complicações. Este fato, todavia, requer novas investigações para se estabelecer a real viabilidade do método para o uso rotineiro na prática clínica.
The limitations of current diagnostic methods of perinatal asphyxia induced to investigate if monitoring of body movements and of the sleep-wake rhythm can be used as diagnostic marker of this pathologic process. So, electromyogram and electrocardiogram records of 8 newborn Wistar rats, 6 to 48 hours postnatal, were obtained throughout 4 experimental periods: control period - with rats breathing room air for 30 min (ARpre); asphyxia periods - with rats submitted to two 30 min asphyxia periods (T1 and T2) with Its entire body covered with a polyvinyl sheet (PVC); and recovering period - with rats breathing room air for 30 min again. Asphyxia Heart rate was significantly decreased all over the asphyxia period compared with the control phase. In conclusion the monitoring of SBM, and of the sleep-wake rhythm seems to be of utmost value to the perinatal asphyxia diagnosis and its complications. This fact, however, requires new investigations to establish the real viability of the method for clinical practice routine.
Suarez, Olivia Adayr Xavier. "O monitoramento dos movimentos corporais do sono e do ritmo de sono-vigília como indicador das alterações provocadas pela asfixia em ratos recém-nascidos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96121.
Full textBanca: Lígia Maria Suppo de Souza Sugolo
Banca: Mônica Levy Andersen
Resumo: As limitações dos métodos diagnósticos da asfixia perinatal levaram-nos a investigar se o monitoramento dos movimentos corporais do sono (MCS) e do ritmo de sono-vigília (S/V) pode ser utilizado como marcador diagnóstico deste processo patológico. Para tanto, os registros eletromiográfico e eletrocardiográfico de 8 ratos recém-nascidos, Wistar, com 6 a 48h de vida, foram obtidos durante 4 períodos experimentais: período controle - com ratos respirando ar atmosférico, por 30min; período de asfixia - com ratos submetidos a dois períodos de asfixia de 30min (T1 e T2), com seus corpos inteiramente envolvidos por filme de polivinil (PVC); e período de recuperação - com ratos respirando ar ambiente novamente, por 30min. A freqüência cardíaca diminuiu significantemente durante a asfixia, em relação à fase controle. Nós concluímos que o monitoramento dos MCS e do ritmo de sono-vigília se mostrou um parâmetro promissor no diagnóstico da asfixia perinatal e de suas complicações. Este fato, todavia, requer novas investigações para se estabelecer a real viabilidade do método para o uso rotineiro na prática clínica.
Abstract: The limitations of current diagnostic methods of perinatal asphyxia induced to investigate if monitoring of body movements and of the sleep-wake rhythm can be used as diagnostic marker of this pathologic process. So, electromyogram and electrocardiogram records of 8 newborn Wistar rats, 6 to 48 hours postnatal, were obtained throughout 4 experimental periods: control period - with rats breathing room air for 30 min (ARpre); asphyxia periods - with rats submitted to two 30 min asphyxia periods (T1 and T2) with Its entire body covered with a polyvinyl sheet (PVC); and recovering period - with rats breathing room air for 30 min again. Asphyxia Heart rate was significantly decreased all over the asphyxia period compared with the control phase. In conclusion the monitoring of SBM, and of the sleep-wake rhythm seems to be of utmost value to the perinatal asphyxia diagnosis and its complications. This fact, however, requires new investigations to establish the real viability of the method for clinical practice routine.
Mestre
Silva, Cicero José da [UNIFESP]. "Epidemiologia dos óbitos neonatais hospitalares associados à asfixia perinatal no interior do Estado de Alagoas em 2009." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9464.
Full textIntrodução: Alagoas é a unidade federativa com a maior mortalidade infantil e neonatal do Brasil. O conhecimento epidemiológico das causas de morte neonatais pode auxiliar a priorizar esforços para sua redução. Objetivo: Descrever a freqüência e características epidemiológicas dos óbitos hospitalares neonatais associados à asfixia ao nascer no interior de Alagoas em 2009. Método: Estudo transversal prospectivo com busca ativa semanal hospitalar nos prontuários maternos e dos recém-nascidos que morreram até 28 dias de vida incompletos de 1º/01 a 31/12/2009 em 11 maternidades públicas de 7 municípios, responsáveis por 67% dos nascidos vivos do interior de Alagoas. Considerou-se óbito associado à asfixia se >1 critério: Apgar 5º minuto 6; síndrome de aspiração meconial (SAM); encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica; Apgar 1º minuto 3 com ventilação ao nascer; relato de hipóxia/asfixia ao nascer na declaração de óbito. Excluíram-se RN com malformados maiores, peso <400g ou gestação <22 semanas. A análise descritiva dos pacientes incluiu as variáveis de local e condição de nascimento e óbito, de morbidade e intervenções terapêuticas. Informações sobre estrutura física, material e de recursos humanos das maternidades foram colhidas em março e setembro/09. Resultados: Em 2009, nas 11 maternidades, foram registrados 19.740 nascidos vivos e 173 óbitos neonatais, sendo 155 evitáveis, dos quais 100 (65%) tinham asfixia ao nascer (5,1 óbitos/ mil nascidos vivos) e 91% aconteceu na mesma maternidade de nascimento. Obstetra e pediatra estiveram presentes, respectivamente, em 83 e 91% dos partos de 53 RN com baixo peso e em 77 e 79% dos 47 RN 2.500g. Dentre os 53 RN de baixo peso, Apgar 1º minuto 3 ocorreu em 83%, dos quais em 1/3 não houve melhora no 5º minuto; 92% desenvolveu síndrome do desconforto respiratório, 46% recebeu surfactante, 70% ventilação mecânica e 73% deles permaneceram em incubadora. Nos 61 RN >2.500g, 47 (77%) tinham asfixia, dos quais metade com Apgar 1º minuto 3, que permaneceu inalterado em 17% no 5º minuto. SAM foi diagnosticada clinicamente em 59% desse grupo, dos quais 59% receberam ventilação mecânica e 56% ficaram em incubadora. Faleceram fora de ambiente de cuidado intensivo 34% dos RN de baixo peso e 62% dos 2.500g. Nos 100 casos, o óbito ocorreu antes de 24 horas em 41% e entre 2º e 6º dia em 47% deles. Metade das Declarações de Óbito continha referência à asfixia e nenhuma necrópsia foi realizada. Em março/2009, em cada maternidade havia uma única mesa de reanimação para a recepção ao nascer, com material completo para ventilação manual em 7. Na avaliação de setembro/09, todas as mesas contavam com material para reanimação. Duas maternidades tinham leitos de UTI neonatal e em 4 havia cuidados intermediários. Fizeram curso de reanimação neonatal, entre 2007 e 2009, 58% dos pediatras e 25% da equipe de enfermagem. Conclusão: A freqüência dos óbitos neonatais hospitalares com asfixia ao nascer no interior de Alagoas é muito elevada (65%), em especial, nos recém-nascidos com peso acima de 2.500g, identificando-se condições inadequadas de atendimento nas salas de parto e nas unidades de cuidados neonatais.
Objective: To describe epidemiologic frequency and characteristics of intra-hospital neonatal deaths associated to perinatal asphyxia in the country side of Alagoas state in 2009. Method: Prospective cross-seccional study with weekly active search for medical records of mothers and their newborn infants who died before 28 days of age from January 1st to December 31, 2009, in 11 maternity hospitals from 7 towns which account for 67% of newborn births in the country side of Alagoas. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee as well as by all the 11 maternity hospitals. It was considered death associated to perinatal asphyxia if at least one of these criteria was found: Apgar score <6 in the 5th minute; meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS); hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; Apgar score <3 in the 1st minute with ventilation at birth; death record of hypoxia/asphyxia at birth in the Declaration of Death. Patients with major malformations, birth weight <400g or gestational age <22 weeks were excluded. Descriptive analysis of patients included the variables of location and condition of birth and death, morbidity and therapeutic interventions. Information on physical structure, material and human resources were collected from hospitals in March and September/09. Results: In 2009, in 11 hospitals were registered 19,740 live births and 173 neonatal deaths, 155 were preventable, of which 100 (65%) had birth asphyxia (5.1 deaths per thousand live births) and 91% occurred at the same hospital of birth. Obstetrician and pediatrician were present, respectively, in 83% and 91% of the births of the 53 infants with low birth weight and 77 and 79% of 47 infants 2500g. Apgar score 3 in the 1st minute occurred in 83% of the 53 low birth weight newborn and 1/3 of them had no improvement at 5 minutes score; 92% developed respiratory distress, 46% received surfactant, 70% mechanical ventilation and 73% remained in incubator. Of the 61 infants >2500g, 47(77%) had asphyxia, half of them had 1st minute Apgar score 3 and 17% of whom remained unchanged at 5 min. MAS was clinically diagnosed in 59% of this group, 59% received mechanical ventilation and 56% remained in the incubator. Died outside environment intensive care 34% of low birth weight newborn infants and 62% of 2500g. Death occurred within 24 hours in 41% and between 2 and 6 days in 47% of the 100 newborn infants. Half of death certificates contained reference to asphyxia and no autopsy was performed. In March/2009, in each hospital there was a single neonatal resuscitation table for reception at birth and 7 had complete material for manual ventilation. In evaluating September/09, all tables had material for resuscitation. Two hospitals had neonatal ICU beds and 4 had care intermediate. Between 2007 and 2009, 58% of pediatricians and 25% of staff nursing had done neonatal resuscitation training course. Conclusion: The rate of neonatal deaths with birth asphyxia in the interior of Alagoas is very high (65%), especially in newborns weighing over 2,500g, identifying inadequate conditions of care in delivery rooms and in neonatal care units.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Souza, Regina Celia Turolla de. "Vigilancia neuromotora de lactentes acometidos por indicadores de risco para asfixia perinatal no primeiro trimestre de vida." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312211.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como propósito, utilizar uma avaliação neuromotora específica, que pudesse auxiliar na detecção de alterações neuromotoras permanentes ou transitórias, no primeiro trimestre de vida do lactente. Foram selecionados, no período de novembro de 1994 a novembro de 1996, 44 recém-nascidos a termo, que apresentaram um ou mais critérios para o diagnóstico de asfixia perinatal, no Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Foram considerados como indicadores para o diagnóstico de asfixia perinatal: a) diminuição na freqüência cardíaca fetal b) índice de Apgar menor ou igual a seis no 5o minuto, c) assistência ventilatória com máscara ou tubo endotraqueal de pressão positiva. Cada lactente foi avaliado mensalmente no primeiro trimestre de vida, através de uma variação da técnica de avaliação neuromotora de AMJJEL-TISON & GRENIER (1981), modificada pelo uso do goniómetro. Na análise dos resultados foram utilizados a prova Q de Cochran para k amostras relacionadas, com o objetivo de comparar as proporções das variáveis de interesse nos três primeiros meses e o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas, objetivando analisar as assimetrias angulares. Foram utilizados ainda os testes de Fisher e %2. Verificou-se que não houve associação significativa dos indicadores de risco para asfixia perinatal e o exame neuromotor final. Foram significativas as manobras do ângulo adutor do quadril, calcanhar-orelha direito e esquerdo e ângulo poplíteo direito e esquerdo sugerindo hipotonia muscular do tono passivo de membros inferiores. Essas diferenças foram expressivas, comparando-se os resultados obtidos entre o primeiro e terceiro meses. Em relação às assimetrias, verificou-se que houveram evidencias nas provas dos ângulos calcanhar-orelha e poplíteo nos 2° e 3° meses, e manobra de cachecol em todo o primeiro trimestre.
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to utilize a specific neuromotor evaluation in order to help the detection of persistent or transitory neuromotor sequels in the first three months of life. There were 44 full-term neonates from the Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM), from november, 1994 until november, 1996, who presented one or more than one indicators of perinatal asphyxia. The indicators for perinatal asphyxia were: o Decrease of the fetal cardiac beating; o Apgar score below or equal to 6 at 5th minute; o Use of oxygen with positive pressure mask or endotraqueal tube at birth. Each infant was evaluated monthly, in the first three months of life, with the neuromotor assessment from AMIEL-TISON & GRENEER (1981), modified by the used of a goniometer. The statistical analysis of results was done by the COCHRAN Q test to K related samples, in order to compare the variables of the proportions in the first 3 months; and the WTLCOXON nonparametric test to matched samples, to study the angular assymetries. There were no significant related to indicators for perinatal asphyxia. In relation to the assymetries, there were evidences in the test of heel to ear angles and popliteal angle in the second and third months; and maneuvers scarf-sign in the first, second and third months of life.
Mestrado
Mestre em Neurociencias
Stigger, Felipe de Souza. "Inflamação pré-natal, asfixia perinatal e restrição sensório-motora : implicações para um modelo de paralisia cerebral em ratos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165437.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of different aggressive events, relevant to pathophysiological context involved in Cerebral Palsy (CP), in the genesis of an animal model able to reproduce the anatomical, biochemical and functional alterations in order to obtain a behavioral and neuropathological phenotype more similar to CP. For this, we made three experiments. In the first one, the effects of maternal exposure to low doses of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) associated or not with perinatal anoxia (PA) on oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters which were examined in cerebral cortices of newborns Wistar male pups. Concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-4, SOD, CAT and DCF were measured. Other newborn rats were assessed for neonatal developmental milestones from day 1 to 21 (P1 – P21). Motor behavior was also tested at P29 using openfield and Rotarod. LPS and PA alone had different impacts on SOD activity and IL-1, TNF- α and free radicals levels accompanied with slight impact on development and motor performance. When LPS and PA were combined, changes in inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were greater. In addition, greater motor development and coordination impairments were observed. In the second and third experiments, we investigated morphologic parameters of spinal cord plasticity in rats that undergone through sensorimotor restriction (SR), associated or not to locomotor stimulation. Male Wistar rats were exposed to SR from P2 to P28. Control and experimental rats underwent locomotor stimulation training in a treadmill for three weeks (from P31 to P52). The cross-sectional area (CSA) of spinal motoneurons at lumbar level (L5) as well of myelinated fibers from ischiatic were determined. Also, the intensity of the synaptophysin and caspase-3 immunoreaction was assessed within ventral horn of spinal cord (L5; third experiment). After SR, the mean motoneuron soma size was reduced accompanied by a reduction in the mean fiber and axon CSA of ischiatic nerve. In addition, there was a synaptophysin immunoreactivity reduction accompanied by an increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity. Those alterations were reversed and reached the control levels when animals submitted to SR were exposed to locomotor stimulation. Our results suggest that, in rodents, infections/inflammation, perinatal anoxia and inactivity during early postnatal life could play an important role by creating substrates for the pathological behavior thus, contributing to reproduce clinically relevant phenotype similar to those observed in CP.
Rojas, Arroyo Luis Fernando. "Factores de Riesgo obstétricos y fetales asociados a asfixia perinatal en el Hospital Nacional Hipolito Unanue 2010 – 2015." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2017. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1009.
Full textFreitas, Záira Moura da Paixão. "Influência da avaliação neurológica seriada e seus reflexos no prognóstico funcional de recém-nascidos a termo com asfixia perinatal." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. http://ri.ufs.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3634.
Full textIntrodução: Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, cerca de quatro a nove milhões de recém-nascidos (RN) desenvolvem asfixia ao nascer. Estima-se que 1,2 milhão evoluem para óbito e, pelo menos, o mesmo número desenvolve sequelas neurológicas incapacitantes e atraso no desenvolvimento. A avaliação neurológica precoce promove melhora da perspectiva de vida dos anoxiados graves, podendo, esta, ser incorporada à rotina das unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal. A escala de coma de Glasgow adaptada para crianças poderá ser utilizada em RN de alto risco. Objetivo: Comparar a evolução clínica neurológica dos RN a termo com asfixia perinatal (AP) moderada e grave que foram submetidos a um protocolo de avaliação neurológica neonatal seriada durante período de internamento hospitalar, com aqueles não submetidos à avaliação. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, observacional, analítico, com abordagem quantitativa. O estudo considerou dois grupos, intervenção e controle. Para o grupo controle foi feito um levantamento de dados em prontuários e, em seguida, adotada a abordagem longitudinal, prospectiva, observacional, durante o período de atendimento ambulatorial. Para o grupo intervenção, foi utilizada uma abordagem longitudinal, prospectiva, observacional, durante o período intra-hospitalar e em ambulatório de seguimento. Buscou-se investigar a evolução clínica neurológica da criança, o tempo de permanência no serviço hospitalar e presença de atraso no desenvolvimento das habilidades neuromotoras. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 112 RN, sendo 86 RN do grupo controle e 26 RN do grupo intervenção. O grupo intervenção mostrou uma mediana de tempo de internamento hospitalar menor (p<0,001) que o grupo controle. RN a termo, diagnosticados com AP, que permaneceram por menor tempo em internamento hospitalar e foram submetidos a um protocolo de avaliação neurológica seriada, incorporado às condutas clínicas padronizadas na UTIN para a gestão da AP, não apresentaram distúrbios no desenvolvimento neuromotor. Conclusão: A utilização do protocolo de avaliação neurológica seriada influenciou a prevalência de atraso no desenvolvimento neuromotor.
Martínez, Beltrán Gisela. "Factores maternos y neonatales relacionados a la asfixia perinatal en los recién nacidos del Servicio de Neonatología del hospital nacional Arzobispo Loayza en el periodo comprendido de 2013 a 2015." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4684.
Full text--- Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns and maternal events are predisposing to this entity. Objective: To determine the prevalence of maternal and neonatal factors related to perinatal asphyxia. Materials and methods: A basic, descriptive, retrospective and quali-cuantitative study of medical records held at the Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza in the period from 2013 to 2015. The sample was made up 60 newborns that were diagnosed with perinatal asphyxia. Information from medical records of newborns was obtained, were entered in a format of data collection were organized in a database in EPI INFO and a descriptive analysis was performed. Results: 65% of mothers were found with age of risk and 28.34% held only adequate prenatal care. The most common type of cesarean delivery was a 66.66% and the prevalent pathology was maternal hypertensive disease of pregnancy with a 58.33%. In the male infants was the most frequent with 65.00%, the positive pressure ventilation was the most frequent type of resuscitation with 61.67% and 55% of infants had suffocated hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Conclusions: There maternal characteristics that occur more frequently in cases of perinatal asphyxia, in which timely intervention which could reflect a lower incidence of this disease. Keywords: Perinatal asphyxia, maternal risk factors for ischemic, hypoxic encephalopathy.
Tesis
Gutierrez, Peña Elizabeth Luisa. "Resultados perinatales y factores asociados a la doble circular de cordón en fetos de gestantes atendidos en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal durante el año 2011." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15158.
Full textDetermina los resultados perinatales y factores asociados al doble circular de cordón en fetos de gestantes atendidas en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal durante del año 2011. El estudio es observacional de casos y controles retrospectivo, donde los criterios de inclusión fueron las puérperas que hayan presentado el diagnóstico de Recién nacidos con doble circular de cordón (caso) y puérperas que hayan presentado el diagnóstico de recién nacidos con circular simple de cordón (control) de parto a término y sólo parto cesárea. El tamaño de los casos para el periodo de estudio fue de 108 casos y 108 controles. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la estimación del OR con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Encuentra que la prevalencia de doble circular de cordón en el INMP en el año 2011 fue de 1.58%. El perfil sociodemográfico de las 216 pacientes gestantes durante el periodo 2011 fue de edad promedio de 28.5 años, con una mínima de 15 años y una máxima de 46 años, con respecto al estado civil el 79.6% % fue conviviente y el 20.4% refirió ser soltera. El 69.4% fueron de educación secundaria, el 20.8% fueron de educación superior técnico y el 7.9% son de educación primaria. Se determinó que las características sociodemográficas (edad, estado civil, grado de instrucción) y obstétricas (edad gestacional, número de controles y paridad) fueron similares entre ambos grupos (p>0.05). Respecto a los resultados perinatales se encontró que no existieron factores de riesgo relacionados a ninguno de ellos: distocia de hombros (p= 0.561), puntuación del apgar al minuto (p= 0.407), coloración del líquido amniótico (p= 0.251), sufrimiento fetal (p= 0.596), bradicardia fetal (p= 0.075), desaceleraciones de la frecuencia cardiaca (p= 0.05), ventilación asistida (p= 0.347) y muerte neonatal (p= 0.347). Es decir que del total de muestra establecida para este estudio el 98.1% del grupo caso no presentó distocia de hombro al igual que el 99.1% del grupo control tampoco presentó distocia de hombros. El porcentaje de coloración del líquido amniótico claro fue de 88%% en el primer grupo y en el segundo fue 82.4%, solo un 12% presentó líquido meconial en grupo caso y 17.6% en el grupo control. En ambos grupos se presentó signos de sufrimiento fetal en un 16.7% en el grupo caso y en un 19.4% en el grupo control el resto no presentó signos de sufrimiento fetal (83.3% grupo caso y 80.6% grupo control), en la mayoría de los recién nacidos no hubo bradicardia fetal: grupo caso 97.2% y grupo control 91.7%). No se presentaron desaceleraciones de la frecuencia cardiaca fetal tanto en el grupo caso (98.1%) como en el grupo control (91.7%). No hubo ventilación asistida en el grupo caso en un 100% mientras que en grupo control no se realizó ventilación asistida en un 99.1% y solo en un 9% si se le realizó. Al hablar de la muerte neonatal en el 100% del grupo caso no se presentó ninguna (100%) en comparación que el grupo control donde se presentó 1 muerte neonatal (0.9%). Concluye que la prevalencia de doble circular de cordón en el INMP en el año 2011 fue de 1.58%. Respecto a los resultados perinatales no hubo significancia en ambos casos por lo que no existieron factores asociados detectados. Al hablar de la muerte neonatal sólo se presentó en el grupo control donde se presentó 1 muerte neonatal (0.9%). El porcentaje de coloración del líquido amniótico claro fue de 88%% en el primer grupo y en el segundo fue 82.4%, solo un 12% presentó líquido meconial en grupo caso y 17.6% en el grupo control.
Trabajo académico
Cruz, Ana Cristina Silvestre da. "Prevalência de asfixia perinatal e encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica em recém-nascidos de termo considerando dois critérios diagnósticos e o tipo de assistência obstétrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-17122008-104415/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The perinatal asphyxia is one of the main causes of death in newborns and also the most important cause of encephalopathy and permanent cerebral lesion in children. OBJECTIVES: To check the prevalence of asphyxia and of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term newborns, using two diagnostic criteria; to assess whether the diagnostic criterion used and the type of obstetric assistance are related to the grade of seriousness of the asphyxia and of the encephalopathy. Methods: Prospective transversal cut study carried out in a public hospital in the East Zone of São Paulo, in which 30 term newborns with perinatal asphyxia were included and classified in two groups, according to two diagnostic criteria adopted: criterion 1 recommended by American Academy of Pediatrics (1996), and which considers as bearer of perinatal asphyxia the newborn presenting: cord pH 7.0, multiple organ dysfunction, neurological manifestations in the first week of life and Apgar value in the fifth minute of life between 0-3. Criterion 2 defined by Buonocore in 2002 and which consists in: cord pH 7.2, Apgar value in the fifth minute of life between 4-6 and fraction inspired of oxygen need 0.40 to maintain a saturation of 86%. To confirm the diagnosis, the following laboratorial examinations were carried out: gasometry, hepatic, renal and cardiac function tests, besides the hematological control. To assess the neurological function and verify the grade of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the clinical criteria of Sarnat and Sarnat were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of perinatal asphyxia observed in this case was of 3.2 per 1,000 term births (IC at 95% - [2.1 per one thousand; 4.5 per one thousand]) and of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was of 1.7 per 1,000 term births (IC at 95% - [0.8 per one thousand; 2.5 per one thousand]). As regards the criteria used, the newborns of criterion 1 statistically presented more fetal suffering when compared to those of criterion 2, and this fact was also related to the grade of seriousness of the asphyxia. The newborns of the two groups presented cardiac changes with elevation of the specific enzyme, hepatic changes with elevation of the glutamic pyruvic and oxaloacetic transaminases and renal changes proven by elevation of creatinine, besides the relevant respiratory and metabolic acidosis. The newborns with serious metabolic acidosis and high levels of creatine phosphokinase had a greater degree of neurological impairment. In 85% of newborns with light/moderate encephalopathy was verified an Apgar value at fifth minute of life between 4-6, and in newborns with serious encephalopathy this value was between 0-3 (p = 0.018). A positive trend for Summary the presence of asphyxia and encephalopathy was found in children of primiparous mothers and born during normal parturition. When assessing the degree of neurological impairment through the criteria of Sarnat and Sarnat, A greater proportion of newborns of criterion 2 were found in the lighter degrees. In degree 3, which is the most serious, a greater proportion of newborns of criterion 1 (p = 0,016) was found. The mortality rate in these cases was of 16.7%, and most of the newborn were of criterion 1. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic -ischemic encephalopathy is as mentioned in the world literature, and smaller than found in Brazil. Criterion 1 was the one that showed a better correlation with the mortality of patients. However, as it is too rigorous, it may exclude the newborn that survive and develop hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. As regards the type of obstetric assistance, despite the fact that no statistically significant difference was observed, there was a positive trend to the presence of asphyxia and encephalopathy in children of primiparous mothers born during normal parturition
Barbosa, Naila de Oliveira Elias. "Influência do crescimento intra-uterino restrito e da asfixia perinatal sobre os níveis séricos de magnésio em recém-nascidos de termo na primeira semana de vida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-19092014-112942/.
Full textMagnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cation and plays an important role in regulation of transporting and receptors functions, enzymatic activities, energy metabolism, protein and nucleic acid synthesis and biologic membranes protection. In spite of this, the knowledge of its homeostasis is still limited, mainly due to inacessibility of its intracellular stores and the absence of a reliable methodology to measuring the ionized fraction. The recent development of an ion-selective electrode has allowed not only the determination of ionized magnesium(iMg) concentrations in a small blood sample volume, but also an increasing number of researches as to this fraction in neonatal period. The presence of some disorders,i.e. like Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) and Perinatal Asphyxia, could lead to an unclear imbalance of magnesium homeostasis, in a way not yet clear. The aim of this study was to describe, in term newborns without IUGR, iMg and Total Mg (TMg) concentrations in umbilical cord blood, third and seventh days of life and to compare the results among term newborns with and without IUGR and perinatal asphyxia. Ninety-five term newborn infants were enrolled in a prospective study and were divided into two study groups: Group I : without IUGR(50RN - 52.6%) and Group II - with IUGR(45RN - 47.4%). Intrauterine growth restriction was defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentil for Ramos Curve(1983) besides to a birth weight ratio <0,85. Each one of these groups were divided in two subgroups: Group Ia :30 RN (31,6%), without IUGR or perinatal asphyxia; Group Ib : 20 RN (21,0%), without IUGR, with perinatal asphyxia ; Group IIa : 40 RN (42,1%), with IUGR, without perinatal asphyxia; Group IIb: 5 RN(5,3%), with perinatal asphyxia and IUGR. Perinatal asphyxia was defined as a 5 minutes Apgar score < 6 besides to one of the following: umbilical cord blood pH < 7,2, disfunction of one or more organs, neonatal neurologic manifestations. iMg, TMg, ionized calcium, urea, pH, phosphorus and creatinine concentrations were determined in umbilical cord blood, third and seventh days of life. We observed that in term newborns without IUGR (Group Ia), TMg concentrations increased significantly during the first week of life, while iMg concentrations remained unchanged. iMg levels in this group, were significantly lower than in the group with IUGR (Group IIa) from birth to 7th day of life and than in the group without IUGR, with perinatal asphyxia (Group Ib) in the third and seventh days of life. We concluded that in term newborns without IUGR, TMg levels increased during the first week of life, while iMg levels remained unchanged. The presence of IUGR, as well as, perinatal asphyxia, may influence neonatal levels of magnesium, through their effect on the modulation of this ion homeostasis, during fetal and neonatal periods
Milbrath, Viviane Marten. "Cuidado da família à criança portadora de paralisia cerebral nos três primeiros anos de vida." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2008. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/3012.
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A questão norteadora desse estudo surgiu a partir da vivência pessoal e profissional da pesquisadora. Ao pesquisar o tema cuidado à criança portadora de paralisia cerebral, buscou-se respostas para a questão norteadora: Como a família cuida da criança portadora de paralisia cerebral nos três primeiros anos de vida? Para encontrar respostas a essa questão, o estudo teve por objetivo conhecer como a família cuida da criança portadora de paralisia cerebral nos três primeiros anos de vida. Em relação aos objetivos, foram traçados os seguintes pressupostos: a anunciação da situação de saúde da criança não foi realizada conforme as necessidades da família; a incompreensão da situação de saúde da criança dificulta o cuidado prestado a ela pela família; as famílias carecem de apoio por parte da equipe de saúde; as crianças portadoras de necessidades especiais, decorrentes da paralisia cerebral, não recebem os cuidados da família conforme as suas necessidades, porque a mesma não foi orientada, de maneira sistemática e contextualizada, durante a hospitalização; as famílias desconhecem os direitos das crianças; a criança portadora de necessidades especiais, decorrentes da paralisia cerebral, não dispõe de ações e serviços de saúde específicos, para assegurar o suporte necessário as suas fragilidades. O referencial teórico que sustentou a pesquisa englobou: Família - primeiro universo de relações sociais da criança; compreendendo a família no período gestacional; nascimento e fatores de risco para a paralisia cerebral; o processo de adaptação vivenciado pela família: quando o recém-nascido não condiz com o bebê idealizado; o processo de educar /cuidar da família a fim de capacitála para prestar o cuidado à criança portadora de paralisia cerebral. O referencial teórico construído mostrou-se coerente e consistente em relação à análise e interpretação dos dados. Na trajetória metodológica, utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa exploratório-descritiva com as seis famílias das crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral, que nasceram, no período de 2005 a 2007, com APGAR menor ou igual a três no quinto minuto, na cidade de Rio Grande. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se o método da entrevista semi-estruturada com esses atores sociais. Com a análise dos dados emergiram três categorias: refletindo sobre a formação do vínculo; o processo de adaptação do ser família; o exercício da cidadania - a saúde como um direito. Dentre os resultados observou-se que o processo de cuidar da criança inicia-se anteriormente ao período gestacional, sendo influenciado pela cultura dos ancestrais da criança. Essa cultura mostrou influenciar na determinação dos mecanismos de defesa que cada integrante da família utilizou no seu processo de adaptação. A principal rede de apoio, ressaltada pelos sujeitos do estudo foi a família ampliada. Evidenciaram-se as dificuldades encontradas pelas famílias em relação aos princípios da integralidade e acessibilidade aos serviços e ações de saúde além de perceber uma lacuna no que concerne ao ideal da assistência prestada pela atenção básica e a realidade a que essas crianças e suas famílias são expostas. Concluiu-se que o desconhecimento dos direitos da criança, bem como do exercício da cidadania dessa população, também, pôde ser constatado, fatos que interferiram no poder dessa população de decidir e mediar a sua própria existência, o que tornou essas famílias objetos passivos, os quais vivem conforme normas impostas por uma sociedade normativa e opressora.
La cuestión norteadora de este estudio surgió a partir de la vivencia personal y profesional de la investigadora. Al investigar el tema cuidado al niño portador de parálisis cerebral, se buscó respuestas a la cuestión norteadora: ¿cómo la familia cuida del niño portador de parálisis cerebral en los tres primeros años de vida? Para encontrar respuestas a esa cuestión, el estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer cómo la familia cuida del niño portador de parálisis cerebral en los primeros años de vida. Con relación a los objetivos, fueron trazados los siguientes presupuestos: la anunciación de la situación de salud del niño no fue realizada conforme las necesidades de la familia; la incomprensión de la situación de salud del niño dificulta el cuidado que le es prestado por la familia.; las familias carecen de apoyo por parte del equipo de salud; los niños portadores de necesidades especiales, resultantes de parálisis cerebral, no reciben los cuidados de la familia conforme sus necesidades, porque esta no fue orientada, de manera sistemática y contextualizada, durante la hospitalización; las familias desconocen los derechos de los niños; el niño portador de necesidades especiales, resultantes de la parálisis cerebral, no dispone de acciones y servicios de salud específicos, para garantizar el suporte necesario a sus fragilidades. El referencial teórico que sostuvo la investigación reunió: Familia – primero universo de relaciones sociales del niño; comprendiendo en el periodo gestacional; nacimiento y factores de riesgo para la parálisis cerebral; el proceso de adaptación vivenciado por la familia: cuando el recién nacido no condice con el bebé idealizado: el proceso de educar/cuidar de la familia a fin de capacitarla para prestar el cuidado al niño portador de parálisis cerebral. El referencial teórico construido se mostró coherente y consistente con relación al análisis e interpretación de los datos. En la trayectoria metodológica, se utilizó un abordaje cualitativo exploratorio-descriptivo con las seis familias de los niños portadores de parálisis cerebral, que nacieron, en el periodo de 2005 a 2007, con APGAR menor o igual a tres en el quinto minuto, en la ciudad de Rio Grande. Para la colecta de datos, se utilizó el método de la entrevista semiestructurada con esos actores sociales. Con el análisis de los datos emergieron tres categorías: reflexionando sobre la formación del vínculo; el proceso de adaptación del ser familia; el ejercicio de la ciudadanía – la salud como un derecho. De estos resultados se observó que el proceso de cuidar de los niños empieza anteriormente al periodo gestacional, siendo influido por la cultura de los ancestrales del niño. Esa cultura mostró influir en la determinación de los mecanismos de defensa que cada integrante de la familia utilizó en su proceso de adaptación. La principal red de apoyo, resaltada por los sujetos del estudio, fue la familia ampliada. Se evidenciaron las dificultades encontradas por las familias con relación a los principios de la integralidad y accesibilidad a los servicios y acciones de salud, además de percibir un hueco con relación al ideal de asistencia prestada por la atención básica y la realidad a que esos niños y sus familias son expuestos. Se concluye que el desconocimiento de los derechos de los niños, así como del ejercicio de la ciudadanía de esa población, también pueden ser constatados, hechos que interfirieron en el poder de esa población de decidir y mediar su propia existencia, lo que les tornó objetos pasivos, los cuales viven conforme normas impuestas por una sociedad normativa y opresora.
The central question of the present study appeared due to the personal and professional experience of the researcher herself. While researching the topic of care to child bearer of brain paralysis, answers were sought for the central question: How does the family take care of a child bearer of brain paralysis in the first three years of age of the child? In order to find answers for this question, the study aimed at knowing how the family takes care of the child bearer of brain paralysis in the first three years of age. Concerning the goals, the following plans were outlined: the announcement of the health situation of the child was not made according to the family necessities; the lack of understanding of the health situation of the child makes the care provided by the family more difficult; the families lack support from the health teams; the children bearers of special necessities, due to brain paralysis, do not receive the proper care by the family according to their necessities, because the family was not informed on how to proceed, in a systematic and contextualized way, during the stay at the hospital; the families do not know the rights of the child; the child bearer of special necessities, due to brain paralysis, does not have specific actions of health services available, in order to assure the necessary support to his / her weaknesses. The theoretical referential which supported the research involved: Family – first universe of social relations of the child; involving the family in the pregnancy period; birth and risk factors for the brain paralysis; the process of adaptation faced by the family: when the newborn does not fulfill the expected baby; the process of educating /taking care of the family in order to enable it to provide the care for the child bearer of brain paralysis. The theoretical referential built came up to coherent and consistent concerning the data analysis and interpretation. In the methodological terms, an exploratory-descriptive qualitative approach was used with the six families of children bearers of brain paralysis, who were born between 2005 and 2007, with APGAR lower or equal to three in the fifth minute, in the city of Rio Grande. For the data collection, a method of semi-structured interview was used with these social subjects. With the data analysis, three categories emerged: reflecting on the development of connection; the process of adaptation of being family; the exercise of citizenship – the health as a right. Among the results it was observed that the process of taking care of the child begins previous to the pregnancy period, being influenced by the culture of the child’s ancestors. This culture was seen as an influence to determine the defense mechanisms that each member of the family used during their adaptation process. The main support network, highlighted by the study subjects was the family as a whole. The difficulties found by the families were highlighted concerning the principles of integrality and accessibility to the health services and actions besides noticing a gap concerning the ideal assistance provided by the basic attention and the reality to which these children and families are exposed to. It was concluded that the fact of now knowing the child’s rights, as well as exercise of citizenship of this population could also be noticed and such facts interfered in the power of this population to decide and measure their own existence, which made these families passive subjects, who live according to the rules imposed by a normative and oppressive society.
Hernández, Chávez Marco Antonio, and Gutiérrez Héctor Israel Gutiérrez. "ANTECEDENTES PERINATALES EN PACIENTES CON ASFIXIA NEONATAL Y DÉFICIT DE BASE SEVERO EN EL HOSPITAL MATERNO INFANTIL ISSEMYM, DEL 1 DE OCTUBRE DEL 2010 AL 31 DE OCTUBRE DEL 2012." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://ri.uaemex.mx/handle/123456789/14092.
Full textAntonelli, Carlotta <1980>. "Sindrome da Asfissia Perinatale nel puledro neonato: protocolli diagnostico-terapeutici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6427/.
Full textPerinatal Asphyxia Syndrome (PAS) that occurs during the perinatal period is one of the most common diseases affecting foals within the first 72 h of life. The diagnosis of PAS is very difficult and relies on an accurate history, identification of neurological signs, and exclusion of other cause of neurological deficits. No specific clinical-pathological and laboratory findings have been highly suggestive of neonatal asphyxia, many of the noted clinical signs can occur with other clinical conditions and depending on the duration and the intensity of hypoxic insult and the tissue injury. The aim of this study was to discover Perinatal Asphyxia Syndrome biomarkers in neonatal foals having an early identification and interventions of the foals at highest risk developing this syndrome. Foals affected by PAS present hypermagnesaemia at admission compared to healthy foals, may be the results of serious tissue damage with cell death and release of intracellular Mg. Higher concentrations is associated to poor outcome. Data obtained in this trial suggest that PAS may cause lower T3 and T4 concentrations in affected foals than in age-matched healthy foals, as reported for other systemic illnesses. PAS could be a cause of Euthyroid Sick Syndrome. The differences revealed between electrophoretic patterns of healthy and sick foals amniotic fluids have showed a qualitative and quantitative variability in the proteomic profile. We found a high proteomic profiling variability also among sick foals. The acute period of hypoxia-ischemia is followed by a period of reperfusion, the second tissue injury occurs in this phase. The cell damage is caused by post-ischemic release of oxygen radicals. Glutathione (endogenous antiradical) concentration (tGSH) is lower in healthy foals compared to sick foals and adults. The antiradical therapy didn’t change the tGSH concentration and no-surviving foals had higher concentration.
Pereira, Regina Maria Sá Fernandes Barros. "Síndrome de Asfixia Perinatal em Poldros." Dissertação, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/73534.
Full textPereira, Regina Maria Sá Fernandes Barros. "Síndrome de Asfixia Perinatal em Poldros." Master's thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/73534.
Full textDias, Patrícia Adriana Guimarães. "Exploração de sinais cardiotocográficos e de dados clínicos obstétricos para predição de sépsis neonatal e asfixia perinatal." Dissertação, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/123390.
Full textDias, Patrícia Adriana Guimarães. "Exploração de sinais cardiotocográficos e de dados clínicos obstétricos para predição de sépsis neonatal e asfixia perinatal." Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/123390.
Full textBoto, Catarina Miguel Santos. "Acute kidney injury in asphyxiated newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/51772.
Full textIntrodução: A asfixia perinatal é uma causa major de disfunção multiorgânica em recém-nascidos. De acordo com a literatura atual22, a lesão renal aguda é comum em recém-nascidos com encefalopatia hipóxico-isquémica, caracterizada por um quadro de coma e convulsões, em consequência de um processo de isquémia e hipoxia no período perinatal. Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivos: 1) Determinar a incidência de lesão renal aguda em recém-nascidos que desenvolveram encefalopatia hipóxico-isquémica, tendo sido submetidos a hipotermia induzida, e 2) Averiguar a correlação entre a gravidade do prognóstico neurológico a curto-prazo destes recém-nascidos com o desenvolvimento de lesão renal aguda. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo prospetivo dos recém-nascidos com encefalopatia hipóxico-isquémica, submetidos a hipotermia induzida no Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, desde a implantação do programa (2010) até 2017. De acordo, com o seu prognóstico neurológico expectável a curto-prazo, a população em estudo foi dividida em dois grupos (Favorável/Desfavorável), com base no eletroencefalograma de amplitude integrada (aEEG) e na ressonância magnética realizada às 2 semanas de vida. Para a definição de lesão renal aguda, foram utilizados os critérios modificados para o período neonatal, definidos pela Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)28. Os parâmetros renais (creatinina sérica e débito urinário) da população foram monitorizados durante a hospitalização. Após a colheita dos dados, foi realizada a sua análise estatística, recorrendo-se ao programa SPSS, versão 26. Resultados: Neste estudo foram incluídos 92 pacientes, dos quais 59 (64%) eram do sexo masculino, enquanto 32 (35%) eram do sexo feminino. A média de peso ao nascer foi 3161 ± 615.7g e a idade gestacional média foi 39.06 ± 1.63 semanas. Verificou-se que 44 (48%) dos recém-nascidos estudados desenvolveram lesão renal aguda (LRA), dos quais 38 (86%) tiveram LRA estádio I, 2 (5%) desenvolveram LRA estádio II, enquanto os restantes 4 (9%) recém-nascidos desenvolveram LRA estádio III. No recém-nascidos com LRA, verificou-se, embora não estatisticamente significativa, uma maior mortalidade (17% vs. 10%) e uma hospitalização cerca de 2.1 dias mais prolongada na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais, quando comparados com o recém-nascidos sem LRA. No que concerne ao prognóstico neurológico expectável a curto-prazo, este foi determinado em 61 (66%) dos recém-nascidos em estudo, sendo que destes 39/61 (6%) apresentavam prognóstico desfavorável. Globalmente, verificou-se uma maior incidência de lesão renal aguda nos recém-nascidos com prognóstico neurológico a curto-prazo desfavorável (64% vs. 36%). Conclusões: A realização deste estudo permitiu concluir que a lesão renal aguda ocorre frequentemente em recém-nascidos com encefalopatia hipóxico-isquémica, submetidos a hipotermia induzida, bem como quando a associada a lesão renal aguda, os recém-nascidos apresentam maior taxa de mortalidade e tempo de internamento em Unidade de cuidados intensivos. Observou-se uma correlação, estatisticamente significativa, entre a severidade do prognóstico neurológico a curto-prazo na encefalopatia hipóxico-isquémica e o desenvolvimento de lesão renal aguda. A realização de novos estudos, tendo como objetivo a deteção precoce de lesão renal aguda, possíveis estratégias renoprotetoras e o esclarecimento das possíveis sequelas a longo prazo nesta população de elevado risco de atingimento renal é recomendada.
Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia represents one of the main causes of multiorgan dysfunction in newborns. According to the most recent literature22, acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) – characterized by coma and seizures in the early neonatal period, as a result of a hypoxic-ischemic insult in the neonatal period. Objectives: This study aims to: 1) Determine the incidence of AKI in asphyxiated neonates with HIE enrolled in therapeutic hypothermia (TH); and 2) Examine the correlation between the severity of short-term neurologic outcome in these neonates and the development of AKI. Methods: A prospective database of patients submitted to TH, in Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, is maintained since the beginning of the program (2010) until 2017. Patients were divided into two groups based on their short-term neurologic outcome (favourable/unfavourable), according to amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the second week of life. Renal parameters of neonates in both groups were monitored and AKI was determined using neonatal modified Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)28 criteria. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: 92 patients were included in this study, 59 (64%) were male and 32 (35%) were female. The mean weight was 3161 ± 615.7 g and the gestational age was 39.06 ± 1.63 weeks. We reported that 44 (48%) of the neonates had AKI, of whom 38 (86%) neonates had AKI stage I, 2 (5%) had AKI stage II and the remaining 4 (9%) AKI stage III. Neonates who developed AKI had, although not statistically significant, higher mortality (17% vs. 10%) and stayed an average of 2.1 days longer in the NICU, compared to those without AKI. Expected short-term neurologic outcome, according to aEEG and MRI, was determined in 61 (66%) neonates, 39/61 (64%) of these had an unfavourable outcome. We reported a higher incidence of AKI in neonates in the unfavourable group (64% vs. 36%) 3 Conclusions: In this prospective study we found a significant incidence of AKI in HIE undergoing TH and neonates with both HIE and AKI had a longer length of stay and mortality than HIE alone. There is also a correlation, statistically significant, between the severity of the short-term expected neurologic outcome of HIE and AKI. Future research on early detection of AKI, renoprotective management strategies, and understanding of long-term renal sequelae is recommended in this high-risk group of patients.
Santana, José Manuel Espírito Santo. "Encefalopatia neonatal equina: análise de 7 casos clínicos de encefalopatia neonatal equina." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/9751.
Full textA Encefalopatia Neonatal Equina foi a doença escolhida para estudo durante o decorrer de quatro meses de estágio no Weems and Stephens Equine Hospital e dois meses de estágio no San Luis Rey Equine Hospital e Trifecta Equine Athletic Center (ambos localizados nos EUA), para análise no presente estudo. É uma doença comum em neonatos equinos que afeta principalmente o SNC e é observada entre as primeiras 24h a 72h de vida pós-parto, associada a uma vasta terminologia, nomeadamente ‘Hypoxic-Ischemic’, ‘Encephalopathy’ e ‘Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome’, onde vulgarmente os poldros que sofrem da doença são designados como ‘Dummy foals’. Os dados relativos aos neonatos equinos selecionados foram recolhidos presencialmente no decorrer do estágio com base num protocolo de receção de poldros e com o consentimento dos proprietários. O diagnóstico foi realizado através da história clínica, observação dos sinais demonstrados pelos poldros, bem como realização de exames complementares. Os principais sinais clínicos incluiram estados de alerta depressivos, dificuldade em se colocarem em estação, dificuldade em se alimentarem, assim como perda ou diminuição do reflexo de sucção e dificuldade em encontrar o úbere da égua, perda do tónus lingual e convulsões. O tratamento realizado baseou-se numa terapêutica de suporte, correção de alterações clínicas através da administração de anti-inflamatórios e antibióticos de largo espetro, bem como terapêutica de suporte para alterações noutros sistemas, quando aplicável. Foi ainda realizada a técnica de ‘Madigan Foal Squeeze’ a todos os poldros do estudo. Na generalidade, o prognóstico dos poldros era bom, com exceção de dois poldros onde se observou um prognóstico reservado a mau. Poldros que durante os primeiros cinco dias de vida apresentaram melhorias dos sinais clínicos e sem complicações secundárias associadas a quadros clínicos de septicémia, foi observado uma recuperação da doença. Ao contrário, os poldros que não responderam positivamente aos tratamentos, tiveram uma sobrevida entre cinco a sete dias. Associada ao tratamento, a técnica de ‘Madigan Foal Squeeze’ demonstrou ter um papel importante ao nível da recuperação, tornando-a mais rápida. A ENE revelou ser uma doença bastante complexa e com necessidade de uma melhor investigação, uma vez que afeta o SNC e apresenta etiologias multifatoriais
Equine Neonatal Encephalopathy was the disease chosen during the four-month internship at Weems and Stephens Equine Hospital and a two-month internship at the San Luis Rey Equine Hospital and Trifecta Equine Athletic Center (both located in the USA) for analysis in the present study. It is a common disease in equine neonates that mainly affects the CNS and is observed between the first 24 hours and 72 hours of postpartum life, associated with a wide range of terminology, namely ‘Hypoxic-Ischemic’, ‘Encephalopathy’ and ‘Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome’ where commonly the foals suffering from the disease are designated as ‘Dummy foals’. Data on the selected equine neonates were collected in person during the externship on the basis of a protocol of receipt of foals and with the consent of the owners. The diagnosis was made through the clinical history, observation of the signs demonstrated by the foals, as well as accomplishment of complementary exams. The main clinical signs observed were depressive states of alertness, difficulty in getting up, difficulty in feeding, as well as loss or decrease of sucking reflex and difficulty in finding the udder of the mare, loss of lingual tonus and seizures. The treatment was based on supportive therapy, correction of clinical changes through the administration of anti-inflammatories and broad-spectrum antimicrobials, as well as supportive therapy for changes in other systems, when applicable. The "Madigan Foal Squeeze" technique was also carried out on all the foals of the study. In general, the prognosis of the foals was good, except for two foals where a reserved to poor prognosis was observed. Foals that during the first five days of life presented with improvement of the clinical signs and without secondary complications associated to clinical pictures of septicemia, a recovery of the disease was observed. On the contrary, the foals that did not respond positively to the treatments, had a survival between five and seven days. Associated with the treatment, the Madigan Foal Squeeze technique has proven to play an important role in the recovery, making it faster. ENE has been shown to be a very complex disease and in need of better investigation, since it affects the CNS and presents multifactorial etiologies.
Martins, Mariana Salomé Pereira. "Sofrimento Fetal Agudo." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/10757.
Full textIntroduction: Acute fetal distress is one of the main and potentially preventable causes of death and neonatal morbidity. It occurs mostly during labour but may occur during pre-labour. It is characterized by an abrupt reduction in maternal-fetal gas exchange and may lead to irreversible injuries in the newborn. Objectives: To evaluate risk factors in pregnancy and childbirth associated with acute fetal distress, as well as the implications for the newborn and peripartum attitudes. Methodology: Cross-sectional retrospective study. A sample of 531 deliveries and 539 newborns was obtained in 2018 at the Cova da Beira Hospital University Center. The variables related to: maternal, gestational, labor and neonatal characteristics were considered. The analysis was performed using the statistical software SPSS, version 25.0. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed, and inferential statistical methods were used, considering a significance of 5%. Results: Of the 531 pregnancies, there were 150 cases of acute fetal distress. Of the 539 neonates, there were 31 with perinatal asphyxia. Acute fetal distress and perinatal asphyxia presented a significant relationship (p<0.001). It was observed that multiparous mothers with previous cesarean sections presented an 8-fold increase (OR=7.453) in the probability of acute fetal distress, compared to those with previous eutocic vaginal deliveries. Acute fetal distress showed a significant relationship (p<0.05) with intrauterine growth restriction, threat of premature birth, changes in amniotic fluid volume and general anesthesia. There was an increase in the probability of acute fetal distress when cesarean sections (OR=26,596) and dystocic vaginal deliveries (OR=7,342) occur, when compared to situations in which the delivery was eutocic vaginal. The absence of progression of labor (OR=3,895), changes in uterine dynamics (OR=9,778), intrapartum fever (OR=22,290), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (OR=3,850) and cervical circulars in newborns (OR=1,840) were also associated with increased possibility of acute fetal distress. Several neonatal complications presented a significant relationship (p<0.05) with acute fetal distress and perinatal asphyxia, namely feeding difficulties, neurological, respiratory and metabolic complications. Acidosis in gasometry of umbilical cord presented a significant relationship with perinatal asphyxia (p<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, we concluded that several antepartum and intrapartum risk factors can influence the possibility of perinatal hypoxia. Intrapartum factors, such as changes in uterine dynamics, absence of progression of labor and fever are some of the main determinants of acute fetal distress. Prolonged acute fetal distress can lead to perinatal asphyxia, which translates into several neonatal complications, including neurological and respiratory. Acidosis in gasometry of umbilical cord is the main marker of perinatal asphyxia.