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Journal articles on the topic 'Ash clouds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 December 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

de Laat, Adrianus, Margarita Vazquez-Navarro, Nicolas Theys, and Piet Stammes. "Analysis of properties of the 19 February 2018 volcanic eruption of Mount Sinabung in S5P/TROPOMI and Himawari-8 satellite data." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 5 (2020): 1203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1203-2020.

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Abstract. This study presents an analysis of TROPOMI cloud heights as a proxy for volcanic plume heights in the presence of absorbing aerosols and sulfur dioxide for the 19 February 2018 eruption plume of the Sinabung volcano on Sumatra, Indonesia. Comparison with CALIPSO satellite data shows that all three TROPOMI cloud height data products based on oxygen absorption which are considered here (FRESCO, ROCINN, O22CLD) provide volcanic ash cloud heights comparable to heights measured by CALIPSO for optically thick volcanic ash clouds. FRESCO and ROCINN heights are very similar, with the only di

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2

Kylling, A., N. Kristiansen, A. Stohl, R. Buras-Schnell, C. Emde, and J. Gasteiger. "Impact of meteorological clouds on satellite detection and retrieval of volcanic ash during the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 and Grímsvötn 2011 eruptions: a modelling study." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 11 (2014): 11303–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-11303-2014.

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Abstract. Volcanic ash is commonly observed by infrared detectors on board Earth orbiting satellites. In the presence of ice and/or liquid water clouds the detected volcanic ash signature may be altered. In this paper the effect of ice and liquid water clouds on detection and retrieval of volcanic ash is quantified by simulating synthetic equivalents to satellite infrared images with a 3-D radiative transfer model. The simulations were made both with and without realistic water and ice clouds taken from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) analysis data. The volcanic ash c

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3

Perkins, Sid. "Ash Clouds." Science News 164, no. 25/26 (2003): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4019013.

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4

Grant, A. L. M., H. F. Dacre, D. J. Thomson, and F. Marenco. "Horizontal and vertical structure of the Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud over the UK: a comparison of airborne lidar observations and simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 21 (2012): 10145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10145-2012.

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Abstract. During April and May 2010 the ash cloud from the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull caused widespread disruption to aviation over northern Europe. The location and impact of the eruption led to a wealth of observations of the ash cloud were being obtained which can be used to assess modelling of the long range transport of ash in the troposphere. The UK FAAM (Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements) BAe-146-301 research aircraft overflew the ash cloud on a number of days during May. The aircraft carries a downward looking lidar which detected the ash layer thro

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5

Kylling, Arve. "Ash and ice clouds during the Mt Kelud February 2014 eruption as interpreted from IASI and AVHRR/3 observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 5 (2016): 2103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2103-2016.

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Abstract. During the Mt Kelud February 2014 eruption the ash cloud was detectable on 13–14 February in the infrared with the reverse absorption technique by, for example, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR/3). The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) observed the ash cloud also on 15 February when AVHRR did not detect any ash signal. The differences between ash detection with AVHRR/3 and IASI are discussed along with the reasons for the differences, supported by radiative transfer modelling. The effect of concurrent ice clouds on the ash detection and the ash si

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6

Piontek, Dennis, Luca Bugliaro, Marius Schmidl, Daniel K. Zhou, and Christiane Voigt. "The New Volcanic Ash Satellite Retrieval VACOS Using MSG/SEVIRI and Artificial Neural Networks: 1. Development." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (2021): 3112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163112.

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Volcanic ash clouds are a threat to air traffic security and, thus, can have significant societal and financial impact. Therefore, the detection and monitoring of volcanic ash clouds to enhance the safety of air traffic is of central importance. This work presents the development of the new retrieval algorithm VACOS (Volcanic Ash Cloud properties Obtained from SEVIRI) which is based on artificial neural networks, the thermal channels of the geostationary sensor MSG/SEVIRI and auxiliary data from a numerical weather prediction model. It derives a pixel classification as well as cloud top height

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7

Kylling, A., N. Kristiansen, A. Stohl, R. Buras-Schnell, C. Emde, and J. Gasteiger. "A model sensitivity study of the impact of clouds on satellite detection and retrieval of volcanic ash." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 5 (2015): 1935–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1935-2015.

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Abstract. Volcanic ash is commonly observed by infrared detectors on board Earth-orbiting satellites. In the presence of ice and/or liquid-water clouds, the detected volcanic ash signature may be altered. In this paper the sensitivity of detection and retrieval of volcanic ash to the presence of ice and liquid-water clouds was quantified by simulating synthetic equivalents to satellite infrared images with a 3-D radiative transfer model. The sensitivity study was made for the two recent eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull (2010) and Grímsvötn (2011) using realistic water and ice clouds and volcanic

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8

Kylling, A., R. Buras, S. Eckhardt, C. Emde, B. Mayer, and A. Stohl. "Simulation of SEVIRI infrared channels: a case study from the Eyjafjallajökull April/May 2010 eruption." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 3 (2013): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-649-2013.

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Abstract. Infrared satellite images are widely and successfully used to detect and follow atmospheric ash from erupting volcanoes. We describe a new radiative transfer model framework for the simulation of infrared radiances, which can be compared directly with satellite images. This can be helpful to get insight into the processes that affect the satellite retrievals. As input to the radiative transfer model, the distribution of ash is provided by simulations with the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model, meteorological cloud information is adopted from the ECMWF analysis and the rad

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9

LaRoche, Kendell T., and Timothy J. Lang. "Observations of Ash, Ice, and Lightning within Pyrocumulus Clouds Using Polarimetric NEXRAD Radars and the National Lightning Detection Network." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 12 (2017): 4899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0253.1.

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A pyrocumulus is a convective cloud that can develop over a wildfire. Under certain conditions, pyrocumulus clouds become vertically developed enough to produce lightning. NEXRAD dual-polarization weather radar and upgraded National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) data were used to analyze 10 case studies of ash plumes and pyrocumulus clouds from 2013 that either did or did not produce detected lightning. Past research has shown that pyrocumulus cases are most likely to produce lightning when there is a decrease in differential reflectivity (toward 0 dB) and an increase in the correlation c

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10

Wang, P., O. N. E. Tuinder, L. G. Tilstra, and P. Stammes. "Interpretation of FRESCO cloud retrievals in case of absorbing aerosol events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 12 (2011): 32685–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-32685-2011.

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Abstract. Cloud and aerosol information is needed in trace gas retrievals from satellite measurements. The Fast REtrieval Scheme for Clouds from the Oxygen A band (FRESCO) cloud algorithm employs reflectance spectra of the O2 A band around 760 nm to derive cloud pressure and effective cloud fraction. In general, clouds contribute more to the O2 A band reflectance than aerosols. Therefore, the FRESCO algorithm does not correct for aerosol effects in the retrievals and attributes the retrieved cloud information entirely to the presence of clouds, and not to aerosols. For events with high aerosol

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11

Kylling, A., R. Buras, S. Eckhardt, C. Emde, B. Mayer, and A. Stohl. "Simulation of SEVIRI infrared channels: a case study from the Eyjafjallajökull April/May 2010 eruption." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 5 (2012): 7783–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-7783-2012.

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Abstract. Infrared satellite images are widely and successfully used to detect and follow atmospheric ash from erupting volcanoes. We describe a new radiative transfer model framework for the simulation of infrared radiances, which can be compared directly with satellite images. This can be helpful to get insight into the processes that affect the satellite retrievals. As input to the radiative transfer model, the distribution of ash is provided by simulations with the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model, meteorological cloud information is adopted from the ECMWF analysis and the rad

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12

Hutchison, Keith D., Barbara D. Iisager, Thomas J. Kopp, and John M. Jackson. "Distinguishing Aerosols from Clouds in Global, Multispectral Satellite Data with Automated Cloud Classification Algorithms." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 4 (2008): 501–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jtecha1004.1.

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Abstract A new approach is presented to distinguish between clouds and heavy aerosols with automated cloud classification algorithms developed for the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) program. These new procedures exploit differences in both spectral and textural signatures between clouds and aerosols to isolate pixels originally classified as cloudy by the Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) cloud mask algorithm that in reality contains heavy aerosols. The procedures have been tested and found to accurately distinguish clouds from dust,

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13

Grant, A. L. M., H. F. Dacre, D. J. Thomson, and F. Marenco. "Horizontal and vertical structure of the Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud over the UK: a comparison of airborne lidar observations and simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 4 (2012): 9125–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-9125-2012.

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Abstract. During April and May 2010 the ash cloud from the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull caused widespread disruption to aviation over northern Europe. Because of the location and impact of the eruption a wealth of observations of the ash cloud were obtained and can be used to assess modelling of the long range transport of ash in the troposphere. The UK's BAe-146-301 Atmospheric Research Aircraft overflew the ash cloud on a number of days during May. The aircraft carries a downward looking lidar which detected the ash layer through the backscatter of the laser light. The

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14

Filei, A. A., and F. Marenco. "RETRIEVAL OF VOLCANIC ASH PARAMETERS FROM SATELLITE DATA." Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, no. 4 (2021): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52002/0130-2906-2021-4-86-100.

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A method for retrieving volcanic ash parameters from satellite data is presented. The fundamental difference between the presented methodology and classical algorithms for the retrieval of volcanic ash parameters is the simultaneous use of various optical models of volcanic clouds. The models contain information not only about volcanic rocks (andesite or basalt) but also about their combinations with water drops and the aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The volcanic ash parameters are determined by the characteristics of solar radiation reflected from a volcanic cloud and the cloud’s self-rad

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15

Pardini, Federica, Stefano Corradini, Antonio Costa, et al. "Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation of Volcanic Ash Clouds from Satellite Observations: Application to the 24 December 2018 Mt. Etna Explosive Eruption." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (2020): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040359.

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Accurate tracking and forecasting of ash dispersal in the atmosphere and quantification of its uncertainty are of fundamental importance for volcanic risk mitigation. Numerical models and satellite sensors offer two complementary ways to monitor ash clouds in real time, but limits and uncertainties affect both techniques. Numerical forecasts of volcanic clouds can be improved by assimilating satellite observations of atmospheric ash mass load. In this paper, we present a data assimilation procedure aimed at improving the monitoring and forecasting of volcanic ash clouds produced by explosive e

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16

Prata, Fred, and Mervyn Lynch. "Passive Earth Observations of Volcanic Clouds in the Atmosphere." Atmosphere 10, no. 4 (2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10040199.

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Current Earth Observation (EO) satellites provide excellent spatial, temporal and spectral coverage for passive measurements of atmospheric volcanic emissions. Of particular value for ash detection and quantification are the geostationary satellites that now carry multispectral imagers. These instruments have multiple spectral channels spanning the visible to infrared (IR) wavelengths and provide 1 × 1 km2 to 4 × 4 km2 resolution data every 5–15 min, continuously. For ash detection, two channels situated near 11 and 12 μ m are needed; for ash quantification a third or fourth channel also in th

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17

Niemeier, Ulrike, Felix Riede, and Claudia Timmreck. "Simulation of ash clouds after a Laacher See-type eruption." Climate of the Past 17, no. 2 (2021): 633–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-633-2021.

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Abstract. Dated to approximately 13 000 years ago, the Laacher See (East Eifel volcanic zone) eruption was one of the largest midlatitude Northern Hemisphere volcanic events of the Late Pleistocene. This eruptive event not only impacted local environments and human communities but probably also affected Northern Hemispheric climate. To better understand the impact of a Laacher See-type eruption on NH circulation and climate, we have simulated the evolution of its fine ash and sulfur cloud with an interactive stratospheric aerosol model. Our experiments are based around a central estimate for t

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18

Taylor, Isabelle A., Elisa Carboni, Lucy J. Ventress, Tamsin A. Mather, and Roy G. Grainger. "An adaptation of the CO<sub>2</sub> slicing technique for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer to obtain the height of tropospheric volcanic ash clouds." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 7 (2019): 3853–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3853-2019.

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Abstract. Ash clouds are a geographically far-reaching hazard associated with volcanic eruptions. To minimise the risk that these pose to aircraft and to limit disruption to the aviation industry, it is important to closely monitor the emission and atmospheric dispersion of these plumes. The altitude of the plume is an important consideration and is an essential input into many models of ash cloud propagation. CO2 slicing is an established technique for obtaining the top height of aqueous clouds, and previous studies have demonstrated that there is potential for this method to be used for volc

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19

Piontek, Dennis, Luca Bugliaro, Jayanta Kar, et al. "The New Volcanic Ash Satellite Retrieval VACOS Using MSG/SEVIRI and Artificial Neural Networks: 2. Validation." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (2021): 3128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163128.

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Volcanic ash clouds can damage aircrafts during flight and, thus, have the potential to disrupt air traffic on a large scale, making their detection and monitoring necessary. The new retrieval algorithm VACOS (Volcanic Ash Cloud properties Obtained from SEVIRI) using the geostationary instrument MSG/SEVIRI and artificial neural networks is introduced in a companion paper. It performs pixelwise classifications and retrieves (indirectly) the mass column concentration, the cloud top height and the effective particle radius. VACOS is comprehensively validated using simulated test data, CALIOP retr

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20

Vernier, J. P., T. D. Fairlie, J. J. Murray, et al. "An Advanced System to Monitor the 3D Structure of Diffuse Volcanic Ash Clouds." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 9 (2013): 2125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0279.1.

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AbstractMajor disruptions of the aviation system from recent volcanic eruptions have intensified discussions about and increased the international consensus toward improving volcanic ash warnings. Central to making progress is to better discern low volcanic ash loadings and to describe the ash cloud structure more accurately in three-dimensional space and time. Here, dispersed volcanic ash observed by the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) space-based lidar near 20 000–40 000 ft [~(6–13) km] over Australia and New Zealand during June 2011 is studied. T

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21

Langston, Lee S. "Asking for Trouble." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 07 (2010): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-jul-2.

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This article focuses on the mechanical limitations of commercial jetliners while flying through volcanic ash clouds. Flying through thick volcanic ash cloud can cause millions of dollars’ worth of damage to the engines—or even shut them down entirely. In order to find out what actually happens in a jet engine ingesting volcanic ash, there is a large body of laboratory data and analysis carried out from 1980 to 1996 by Michael G. Dunn and his colleagues at the Calspan Corp. in Buffalo. Based on the work of Dunn and his co-authors, Boeing has produced a video that goes through a set of procedure

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22

Picchiani, M., M. Chini, S. Corradini, et al. "Volcanic ash detection and retrievals using MODIS data by means of neural networks." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 12 (2011): 2619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2619-2011.

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Abstract. Volcanic ash clouds detection and retrieval represent a key issue for aviation safety due to the harming effects on aircraft. A lesson learned from the recent Eyjafjallajokull eruption is the need to obtain accurate and reliable retrievals on a real time basis. In this work we have developed a fast and accurate Neural Network (NN) approach to detect and retrieve volcanic ash cloud properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data in the Thermal InfraRed (TIR) spectral range. Some measurements collected during the 2001, 2002 and 2006 Mt. Etna volcano erupt

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23

Elíasson, Jónas, Asgeir Palsson, and Konradin Weber. "Monitoring ash clouds for aviation." Nature 475, no. 7357 (2011): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/475455b.

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24

Roth, M., and R. Guritz. "Visualization of volcanic ash clouds." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 15, no. 4 (1995): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/38.391488.

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25

Umo, N. S., B. J. Murray, M. T. Baeza-Romero, et al. "Ice nucleation by combustion ash particles at conditions relevant to mixed-phase clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 21 (2014): 28845–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-28845-2014.

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Abstract. Ice nucleating particles can modify cloud properties with implications for climate and the hydrological cycle; hence, it is important to understand which aerosol particle types nucleate ice and how efficiently they do so. It has been shown that aerosol particles such as natural dusts, volcanic ash, bacteria and pollen can act as ice nucleating particles, but the ice nucleating ability of combustion ashes has not been studied. Combustion ashes are major by-products released during the combustion of solid fuels and a significant amount of these ashes are emitted into the atmosphere eit

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Umo, N. S., B. J. Murray, M. T. Baeza-Romero, et al. "Ice nucleation by combustion ash particles at conditions relevant to mixed-phase clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 9 (2015): 5195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5195-2015.

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Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles can modify cloud properties with implications for climate and the hydrological cycle; hence, it is important to understand which aerosol particle types nucleate ice and how efficiently they do so. It has been shown that aerosol particles such as natural dusts, volcanic ash, bacteria and pollen can act as ice-nucleating particles, but the ice-nucleating ability of combustion ashes has not been studied. Combustion ashes are major by-products released during the combustion of solid fuels and a significant amount of these ashes are emitted into the atmosphere eit

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27

Stevenson, J. A., S. C. Millington, F. M. Beckett, G. T. Swindles, and T. Thordarson. "Big grains go far: understanding the discrepancy between tephrochronology and satellite infrared measurements of volcanic ash." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 5 (2015): 2069–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2069-2015.

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Abstract. There is a large discrepancy between the size of volcanic ash particles measured on the ground at least 500 km from their source volcano (known as cryptotephra) and those reported by satellite remote sensing (effective radius of 0.5–9 μm; 95% of particles < 17 μm diameter). Here we present new results from the fields of tephrochronology (a dating technique based on volcanic ash layers), dispersion modelling and satellite remote sensing in an attempt to understand why. A literature review and measurements of prehistoric and recent eruptions were used to characterise the size range

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Picchiani, M., M. Chini, S. Corradini, et al. "Volcanic ash detection and retrievals from MODIS data by means of Neural Networks." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 3 (2011): 2567–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-2567-2011.

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Abstract. Volcanic ash clouds detection and retrieval represent a key issue for the aviation safety due to the harming effects they can provoke on aircrafts. A lesson learned from the recent Icelandic Eyjafjalla volcano eruption is the need to obtain accurate and reliable retrievals on a real time basis. The current most widely adopted procedures for ash detection and retrieval are based on the Brightness Temperature Difference (BTD) inversion observed at 11 and 12 μm that allows volcanic and meteo clouds discrimination. While ash cloud detection can be readily obtained, a reliable quantitativ

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29

Wang, P., O. N. E. Tuinder, L. G. Tilstra, M. de Graaf, and P. Stammes. "Interpretation of FRESCO cloud retrievals in case of absorbing aerosol events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 19 (2012): 9057–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9057-2012.

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Abstract. Cloud and aerosol information is needed in trace gas retrievals from satellite measurements. The Fast REtrieval Scheme for Clouds from the Oxygen A band (FRESCO) cloud algorithm employs reflectance spectra of the O2 A band around 760 nm to derive cloud pressure and effective cloud fraction. In general, clouds contribute more to the O2 A band reflectance than aerosols. Therefore, the FRESCO algorithm does not correct for aerosol effects in the retrievals and attributes the retrieved cloud information entirely to the presence of clouds, and not to aerosols. For events with high aerosol

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30

Kylling, A., M. Kahnert, H. Lindqvist, and T. Nousiainen. "Volcanic ash infrared signature: porous non-spherical ash particle shapes compared to homogeneous spherical ash particles." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 4 (2014): 919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-919-2014.

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Abstract. The reverse absorption technique is often used to detect volcanic ash clouds from thermal infrared satellite measurements. From these measurements effective particle radius and mass loading may be estimated using radiative transfer modelling. The radiative transfer modelling usually assumes that the ash particles are spherical. We calculated thermal infrared optical properties of highly irregular and porous ash particles and compared these with mass- and volume-equivalent spherical models. Furthermore, brightness temperatures pertinent to satellite observing geometry were calculated

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31

Stevenson, J. A., S. C. Millington, F. M. Beckett, G. T. Swindles, and T. Thordarson. "Big grains go far: reconciling tephrochronology with atmospheric measurements of volcanic ash." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 1 (2015): 65–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-65-2015.

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Abstract. There is a large discrepancy between the size of volcanic ash particles measured from deposits on the ground (known as cryptotephra; 20–125 μm in length) and those reported by satellite remote sensing (effective radii of 0.5–9 μm; 95% of particles < 17 μm diameter). We use results from the fields of tephrochronology (a dating technique based on volcanic ash layers), dispersion modelling and satellite remote sensing in an attempt to understand from where it arises. We show that Icelandic cryptotephras deposited in NW Europe have lognormal particle size distributions (PSDs) with med

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32

Bursik, Marcus, Qingyuan Yang, Adele Bear-Crozier, Michael Pavolonis, and Andrew Tupper. "The Development of Volcanic Ash Cloud Layers over Hours to Days Due to Atmospheric Turbulence Layering." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020285.

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Volcanic ash clouds often become multilayered and thin with distance from the vent. We explore one mechanism for the development of this layered structure. We review data on the characteristics of turbulence layering in the free atmosphere, as well as examples of observations of layered clouds both near-vent and distally. We then explore dispersion models that explicitly use the observed layered structure of atmospheric turbulence. The results suggest that the alternation of turbulent and quiescent atmospheric layers provides one mechanism for the development of multilayered ash clouds by modu

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Griessbach, S., L. Hoffmann, R. Spang, M. von Hobe, R. Müller, and M. Riese. "Infrared limb emission measurements of aerosol in the troposphere and stratosphere." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 4 (2015): 4379–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-4379-2015.

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Abstract. Altitude resolved aerosol detection in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is a challenging task for remote sensing instruments. Here, we introduce a new method for detecting aerosol in the UTLS based on infrared limb emission measurements. The method applies an improved aerosol-cloud-index that indicates infrared limb spectra affected by aerosol and ice clouds. For the discrimination between aerosol and ice clouds we developed a new method based on brightness temperature difference correlations. The discrimination thresholds for the new method were derived from radia

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Rizza, Umberto, Franck Donnadieu, Mauro Morichetti, et al. "Airspace Contamination by Volcanic Ash from Sequences of Etna Paroxysms: Coupling the WRF-Chem Dispersion Model with Near-Source L-Band Radar Observations." Remote Sensing 15, no. 15 (2023): 3760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15153760.

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Volcanic emissions (ash, gas, aerosols) dispersed in the atmosphere during explosive eruptions generate hazards affecting aviation, human health, air quality, and the environment. We document for the first time the contamination of airspace by very fine volcanic ash due to sequences of transient ash plumes from Mount Etna. The atmospheric dispersal of sub-10 μm (PM10) ash is modelled using the WRF-Chem model, coupled online with meteorology and aerosols and offline with mass eruption rates (MERs) derived from near-vent Doppler radar measurements and inferred plume altitudes. We analyze two seq

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35

Dunn, M. G., A. J. Baran, and J. Miatech. "Operation of Gas Turbine Engines in Volcanic Ash Clouds." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 4 (1996): 724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816987.

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Results are reported for a technology program designed to determine the behavior of gas turbine engines when operating in particle-laden clouds. There are several ways that such clouds may be created, i.e., explosive volcanic eruption, sand storm, military conflict, etc. The response of several different engines, among them the Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofan, the Pratt & Whitney J57 turbojet, a Pratt & Whitney engine of the JT9 vintage, and an engine of the General Electric CF6 vintage has been determined. The particular damage mode that will be dominant when an engine experiences a

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Beckett, Frances, Eduardo Rossi, Benjamin Devenish, Claire Witham, and Costanza Bonadonna. "Modelling the size distribution of aggregated volcanic ash and implications for operational atmospheric dispersion modelling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 5 (2022): 3409–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3409-2022.

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Abstract. We have developed an aggregation scheme for use with the Lagrangian atmospheric transport and dispersion model NAME (Numerical Atmospheric Dispersion modelling Environment), which is used by the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) to provide advice and guidance on the location of volcanic ash clouds to the aviation industry. The aggregation scheme uses the fixed pivot technique to solve the Smoluchowski coagulation equations to simulate aggregation processes in an eruption column. This represents the first attempt at modelling explicitly the change in the grain size distributi

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Prata, Andrew T., Roy G. Grainger, Isabelle A. Taylor, Adam C. Povey, Simon R. Proud, and Caroline A. Poulsen. "Uncertainty-bounded estimates of ash cloud properties using the ORAC algorithm: application to the 2019 Raikoke eruption." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 20 (2022): 5985–6010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5985-2022.

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Abstract. Uncertainty-bounded satellite retrievals of volcanic ash cloud properties such as ash cloud-top height, effective radius, optical depth and mass loading are needed for the robust quantitative assessment required to warn aviation of potential hazards. Moreover, there is an imperative to improve quantitative ash cloud estimation due to the planned move towards quantitative ash concentration forecasts by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers. Here we apply the Optimal Retrieval of Aerosol and Cloud (ORAC) algorithm to Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) measurements of the ash clouds produced by

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Parra, René, Eliana Cadena, Joselyne Paz, and Diana Medina. "Isomass and Probability Maps of Ash Fallout Due to Vulcanian Eruptions at Tungurahua Volcano (Ecuador) Deduced from Historical Forecasting." Atmosphere 11, no. 8 (2020): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080861.

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Since April of 2015, the ash dispersion and ash fallout due to Vulcanian eruptions at Tungurahua, one of the most active volcanoes in Ecuador, have been forecasted daily. For this purpose, our forecasting system uses the meteorological Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the FALL3D models. Previously, and based on field data, laboratory, and numerical studies, corresponding eruption source parameters (ESP) have been defined. We analyzed the historically forecasted results of the ash fallout quantities over four years (April 2015 to March 2019), in order to obtain the average isomass and

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Gosetti, J. A. "Ash in the Clouds: Unearthing Goethe." Literary Imagination 4, no. 3 (2002): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litimag/4.3.417.

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Pavolonis, Michael J., Wayne F. Feltz, Andrew K. Heidinger, and Gregory M. Gallina. "A Daytime Complement to the Reverse Absorption Technique for Improved Automated Detection of Volcanic Ash." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23, no. 11 (2006): 1422–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1926.1.

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Abstract An automated volcanic cloud detection algorithm that utilizes four spectral channels (0.65, 3.75, 11, and 12 μm) that are common among several satellite-based instruments is presented. The new algorithm is physically based and globally applicable and can provide quick information on the horizontal location of volcanic clouds that can be used to improve real-time ash hazard assessments. It can also provide needed input into volcanic cloud optical depth and particle size retrieval algorithms, the products of which can help improve ash dispersion forecasts. The results of this new four-c

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Bugliaro, Luca, Dennis Piontek, Stephan Kox, et al. "VADUGS: a neural network for the remote sensing of volcanic ash with MSG/SEVIRI trained with synthetic thermal satellite observations simulated with a radiative transfer model." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 3 (2022): 1029–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1029-2022.

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Abstract. After the eruption of volcanoes around the world, monitoring of the dispersion of ash in the atmosphere is an important task for satellite remote sensing since ash represents a threat to air traffic. In this work we present a novel method, tailored for Eyjafjallajökull ash but applicable to other eruptions as well, that uses thermal observations of the SEVIRI imager aboard the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation satellite to detect ash clouds and determine their mass column concentration and top height during the day and night. This approach requires the compilation of an extens

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Rauthe-Schöch, A., A. Weigelt, M. Hermann, et al. "CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 2 (2012): 879–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-879-2012.

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Abstract. The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance passenger aircraft. After the beginning of the explosive eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano on Iceland on 14 April 2010, the first CARIBIC volcano-specific measurement flight was carried out over the Baltic Sea and Southern Sweden on 20 April. Two more flights followed: one over Ireland and the Irish Sea on 16 May and the other over the Norwegian Sea on

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Arias, Luis, Jose Cifuentes, Milton Marín, Fernando Castillo, and Hugo Garcés. "Hyperspectral Imaging Retrieval Using MODIS Satellite Sensors Applied to Volcanic Ash Clouds Monitoring." Remote Sensing 11, no. 11 (2019): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111393.

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In this paper, we present a method for hyperspectral retrieval using multispectral satellite images. The method consists of the use of training spectral data with a compressive capability. By using principal component analysis (PCA), a proper number of basis vectors are extracted. These vectors are properly combined and weighted by the sensors’ responses from visible MODIS channels, achieving as a result the retrieval of hyperspectral images. Once MODIS channels are used for hyperspectral retrieval, the training spectra are projected over the recovered data, and the ground-based process used f

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Folch, A., O. Jorba, and J. Viramonte. "Volcanic ash forecast – application to the May 2008 Chaitén eruption." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 4 (2008): 927–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-927-2008.

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Abstract. We model the transport and subsequent deposition of ash from Chaitén volcano, Chile, during the first week of May 2008. The simulation couples the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model with the FALL3D dispersion model. We only use semi-quantitative volcanological inputs based on the first eruption reports. We consider two different run types based on forecasted and hindcasted meteorological conditions. The first simulation type can be regarded as a syn-eruptive operational forecast for the 2–8 May period. We predict the evolution of the ash cloud position, the c

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Folch, A., L. Mingari, M. S. Osores, and E. Collini. "Modeling volcanic ash resuspension – application to the 14–18 October 2011 outbreak episode in Central Patagonia, Argentina." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 5 (2013): 4565–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-4565-2013.

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Abstract. Volcanic fallout deposits from the June 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption in Central Patagonia were remobilized in several occasions months after their emplacement. In particular, during 14–18 October 2011, an intense outbreak episode generated huge volcanic clouds that were dispersed across Argentina, causing multiple impacts in the environment, affecting the air quality and disrupting airports. Fine ash particles in volcanic fallout deposits can be resuspended under favourable meteorological conditions, particularly during strong wind episodes in arid environments having low soil moistur

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Schultz, David M., Katharine M. Kanak, Jerry M. Straka, et al. "The Mysteries of Mammatus Clouds: Observations and Formation Mechanisms." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 10 (2006): 2409–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3758.1.

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Abstract Mammatus clouds are an intriguing enigma of atmospheric fluid dynamics and cloud physics. Most commonly observed on the underside of cumulonimbus anvils, mammatus also occur on the underside of cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, and stratocumulus, as well as in contrails from jet aircraft and pyrocumulus ash clouds from volcanic eruptions. Despite their aesthetic appearance, mammatus have been the subject of few quantitative research studies. Observations of mammatus have been obtained largely through serendipitous opportunities with a single observing system (e.g., aircr

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Anonymous. "Predicting the movement of volcanic ash clouds." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 74, no. 20 (1993): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93eo00384.

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Folch, A., L. Mingari, M. S. Osores, and E. Collini. "Modeling volcanic ash resuspension – application to the 14–18 October 2011 outbreak episode in central Patagonia, Argentina." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 1 (2014): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-119-2014.

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Abstract. Volcanic fallout deposits from the June 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption on central Patagonia were remobilized in several occasions months after their emplacement. In particular, during 14–18 October 2011, an intense outbreak episode generated widespread volcanic clouds that were dispersed across Argentina, causing multiple impacts in the environment, affecting the air quality and disrupting airports. Fine ash particles in volcanic fallout deposits can be resuspended under favorable meteorological conditions, particularly during strong wind episodes in arid environments with low soil mois

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Shevtsov, B. M., P. P. Firstov, N. V. Cherneva, R. H. Holzworth, and R. R. Akbashev. "Lightning and electrical activity during the Shiveluch volcano eruption on 16 November 2014." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 11 (2015): 6745–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-6745-2015.

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Abstract. According to WWLLN data, a sequence of lightning discharges was detected. It occurred on the path of propagation of eruptive ash cloud formed in the result of the explosive eruption of Shiveluch volcano on 16 November 2014 in Kamchatka. Information on the cloud motion was confirmed by the measurements of atmospheric electricity, satellite observations, meteorological and seismic data. It was concluded that WWLLN resolution is enough to trace ash clouds at the stage of their fragmentation when electrification processes develop the most intensively. The undeniable advantage of WWLLN me

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Schill, G. P., K. Genareau, and M. A. Tolbert. "Deposition and immersion mode nucleation of ice by three distinct samples of volcanic ash using Raman spectroscopy." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 2 (2015): 1385–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-1385-2015.

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Abstract. Ice nucleation on volcanic ash controls both ash aggregation and cloud glaciation, which affect atmospheric transport and global climate. Previously, it has been suggested that there is one characteristic ice nucleation efficiency for all volcanic ash, regardless of its composition, when accounting for surface area; however, this claim is derived from data from only two volcanic eruptions. In this work, we have studied the depositional and immersion freezing efficiency of three distinct samples of volcanic ash using Raman Microscopy coupled to an environmental cell. Ash from the Fueg

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