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1

Liu, Zhiyong, Dong Xu, and Yunsheng Zhang. "Experimental Investigation and Quantitative Calculation of the Degree of Hydration and Products in Fly Ash-Cement Mixtures." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2437270.

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To explore the hydration process of fly ash-cement blended mixtures, the degrees of the fly ash and cement reactions as well as the content of nonevaporated water were determined at various water to binder ratios, curing ages, and fly ash incorporation amounts. An equation describing the relationship between the degree of hydration and the effective water to binder ratio was established based on the experimental results. In addition, a simplified scheme describing a model of the degree of reaction in fly ash-cement mixtures is proposed. Finally, using reaction stoichiometry, quantitative equat
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2

Lu, G. Q. "Ash effect on reaction rates during high-ash char activation." Carbon 31, no. 8 (1993): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(93)90100-o.

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3

Gulyaev, Vitaly, Vadim Barsky, and Natalya Gurevina. "Effect of Total Ash Content and Coals Ash Composition on Coke Reactivity." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2009): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht03.03.231.

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The article deals with the hypothesis of the influence of coals mineral components on coke reactivity. It has been shown that the reaction between carbon and carbon dioxide proceeds in kinetic area and its rate depends upon total ash content of coked coal. The data showing catalyst effect of coal mineral components upon their organic mass pyrolysis and consequently upon coke reactivity have been presented.
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4

Ťažký, Martin, and Rudolf Hela. "Synergistic Effect of High Temperature Fly Ash with Fluidized Bed Combustion Fly Ash in Cement Composites." Key Engineering Materials 722 (December 2016): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.722.113.

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Using high temperature fly ash for his pozzolan properties to cement composite production is known a few years ago. New ways combustion of fossil fuels also creates a new type of fly ash, named fluidized bed combustion fly ash. However, this fly ash has same pozzolan properties as has high temperature fly ash, this type is not using for production of cement composites. Fluidized bed combustion fly ash has highly variable chemical composition but usually it has a higher amount of free CaO together with sulphates. This higher amounts of free CaO after mixing of fluidized bed combustion fly ash w
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5

Zhu, Xun Guo, and Kai Cao. "The Inhibition Studying of Many-Doped Mineral Admixture for Concrete Alkali Silicate Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.771.

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In the theoretical basic of only mixing the pulverized fuel ash, the slag or the silicon ash experiments, carrying on concrete alkali-aggregate reaction experiment separately that double-doped the pulverized fuel ash and the silicon ash, double-doped the pulverized fuel ash and the slag, double-doped the slag and the silicon ash, three-mixed the pulverized fuel ash, the slag and the silicon ash. The result indicated the effect of mixing pulverized fuel ash and the silicon ash is better than the mixing silicon ash and slag or pulverized fuel ash and slag. Besides three-mixed the pulverized fuel
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6

Wang, Yong Zai, Le Wang, Hong Ming Xu, and Shao Hui Luo. "Fabrication of Nano Zeolite P from Coal Fly Ash by Combining Alkaline — Fusion and Hydrothermal Reactions." Key Engineering Materials 591 (November 2013): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.591.126.

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Well-crystallised nanozeolite P has been synthesized from coal fly ash by combined method of alkaline-fusion and hydrothermal reactions. The influence of preparation parameters, such as the proportion of fly ash/NaOH, the hydrothermal reaction temperature and time on the reaction products were investigated by XRD and FESEM. Results indicated that, the optimum conditions for fabrication of a single phase of zeolite P were the mass ratio of fly ash/ NaOH =1/1, fusion temperature at 550°C and hydrothermal temperature at 100°C for 48h .The average crystallite sizes of the zeolite samples are 29.4n
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7

Bumrongjaroen, Walairat, Richard A. Livingston, Dan A. Neumann, and Andrew J. Allen. "Characterization of fly ash reactivity in hydrating cement by neutron scattering." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 7 (July 2009): 2435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0267.

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Partial replacement of hydrating Portland cement by fly ash produces competing effects: it contributes calcium hydrate silicate (C-S-H) gel through the pozzolanic and alkali-activated reactions but dilutes the contribution of the main Portland cement reaction. To investigate this, two neutron-scattering methods were applied to density-fractionated lignite-type and bituminous-type fly ash/Portland cement pastes (20% by mass replacement). Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measured the effect of the fly ash on the fractal C-S-H microstructure, whereas inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measur
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8

Li, Si Qiong, and Jie Chen. "Thermodynamic Analysis in Sintering Reaction of Coal Fly Ash with Alkali." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.895.

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With sodium carbonate and calcium oxide as sintering additives, through the thermodynamic analysis and sintering experiment, study the thermodynamic behavior of fly ash with both in the sintering process; the sintering products were analyzed by XRD. The research results show that sodium carbonate as sintering additive fly ash thermal decomposition of the main phase of nepheline (NaAlSiO4), calcium oxide as sintering additives, and fly ash sintered products mainly 12CaO·7Al2O3、2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2 and 2CaO·SiO2 etc., And the temperature of the above substances generated is very favorable, fly ash an
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9

Luo, Biwei, Pengfei Li, Yan Li, Jun Ji, Dongsheng He, Qifeng Tian, and Yichang Chen. "Feasibility of fly ash as fluxing agent in mid- and low-grade phosphate rock carbothermal reduction and its reaction kinetics." Green Processing and Synthesis 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2021-0008.

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Abstract The feasibility of industrial waste fly ash as an alternative fluxing agent for silica in carbothermal reduction of medium-low-grade phosphate ore was studied in this paper. With a series of single-factor experiments, the reduction rate of phosphate rock under different reaction temperature, reaction time, particle size, carbon excess coefficient, and silicon–calcium molar ratio was investigated with silica and fly ash as fluxing agents. Higher reduction rates were obtained with fly ash fluxing instead of silica. The optimal conditions were derived as: reaction temperature 1,300°C, re
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10

Gong, Yanbing, Junmin Sun, Shu-Ying Sun, Guozhi Lu, and Ting-An Zhang. "Enhanced Desilication of High Alumina Fly Ash by Combining Physical and Chemical Activation." Metals 9, no. 4 (April 4, 2019): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040411.

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In this work, a physical–chemical activation desilication process was proposed to extract silica from high alumina fly ash (HAFA). The effects of fly ash size, hydrochloric acid concentration, acid activation time, and reaction temperature on the desilication efficiency were investigated comprehensively. The phase and morphology of the original fly ash and desilicated fly ash were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Compared with the traditional desilication process, the physical–chemical activation desilication e
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11

Narmluk, Mongkhon, and Toyoharu Nawa. "Effect of Curing Temperature on Pozzolanic Reaction of Fly Ash in Blended Cement Paste." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 5, no. 1 (2014): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcea.2014.v5.346.

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12

Luo, Zhong Tao, Bao Guo Ma, Jiu Jun Yang, and Xiang Guo Li. "Hydration Process and Mechanism of Fly Ash in the Cement Mortars." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.551.

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In the environments of saturated limewater at 20±2°C and fly ash in cement mortars at 20±2°C, the hydration mechanism of fly ash is studied. The results indicate: under this test condition, the reaction speed of fly ash presents the degressive tendency basically within 90 days, and its chemical activation is an accumulation change process. The hydrated course of fly ash in the two environments is resembled, and only the age effectiveness is inconsistent. The test methods of Ka value and reaction degree can be used to analyze chemical activation of fly ash effectively. Rapid evaluation can be u
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13

Derkowski, Arkadiusz, and Marek Michalik. "Statistical Approach to the Transformation of Fly Ash into Zeolites." Mineralogia 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10002-007-0018-5.

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Statistical Approach to the Transformation of Fly Ash into ZeolitesThe experimental conversion of F-class fly ash into zeolites is described. The ash, composed mainly of aluminosilicate glass, mullite and quartz, was collected in the Cracow power plant (southern Poland). The experiments involved the heating of fly ash samples in PTFE vessels. Time, temperature and solution composition were the reaction parameters considered in the experiments and in the subsequent modeling. A series of reactions with 0.5, 3 and 5M NaOH solutions (and some with additional 3M NaCl) were carried out at 70°, 100°
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14

Luo, Zhong Tao, Bao Guo Ma, Jiu Jun Yang, and Jun Xia Liu. "Effects of Fineness on Activity Character of Fly Ash." Advanced Materials Research 266 (June 2011): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.266.114.

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The hydrated character of cement paste with fly ash was studied, through the methods of compressive strength, non-evaporable water content, reaction degree of fly ash and micro-analysis. The results indicated that the chemical activity of fly ash was an accumulative change process under this test condition. The starting point of chemical reaction of fly ash was nearby 28 days. In front of 28 days, the chemical activation of fly ash was not wakened, and the compressive strength of cement pastes with fly ash at this age was mainly from multiplex effects of cement hydration and the micro-aggregat
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15

Doddi, Adinarayana, Michael Weinhart, Alexander Hinz, Dirk Bockfeld, Jose M. Goicoechea, Manfred Scheer, and Matthias Tamm. "N-Heterocyclic carbene-stabilised arsinidene (AsH)." Chemical Communications 53, no. 45 (2017): 6069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc02628e.

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N-Heterocyclic carbene adducts of the parent arsinidene (AsH) were prepared by two different synthetic routes, either by reaction of As(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> with 2,2-difluoroimidazolines followed by desilylation or by reaction of [Na(dioxane)<sub>3.31</sub>][AsCO] with imidazolium chlorides.
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16

Qi, Wen Bin, Chun Yan Tian, and Xiao Xin Feng. "Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete Engineering Suppression Measures of Inquiry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.26.

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Local materials was used as raw materials in the test. Test methods are standard test methods. It compared the use of fly ash alone or lithium hydroxide used alone inhibited the effect of alkali-silica reaction, and to a certain percentage of fly ash and lithium hydroxide complex joint effect of inhibiting alkali-silica reaction in the test. The results showed that compound admixtures overcome the shortcomings of the use of fly ash alone or lithium hydroxide inhibition of alkali-silica reaction. It can achieve the goal of complementary advantages.
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17

Li, Bei Xing, Jian Feng Zhang, and Da Ke. "Effectiveness and Mechanism of Fly Ash in Inhibiting Alkali-Silica Reaction of Sandstone." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.40.

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The effectiveness of fly ash in suppressing expansion due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) of sandstone are studied respectively based on accelerated mortar bar test and concrete prism test. The mechanism of fly ash in inhibiting the ASR of sandstone is examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of x-ray (EDAX). Moreover, the reliability of fly ash in inhibiting ASR of sandstone was discussed through concrete strength and frost resistance tests. Results indicate that the replacement amount of fly ash is 20%, the expansion due to ASR can be decreased to the cri
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18

Djobo, Jean Noël Yankwa, and Dietmar Stephan. "Control of the setting reaction and strength development of slag-blended volcanic ash-based phosphate geopolymer with the addition of boric acid." Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 57, no. 4 (May 27, 2021): 1145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41779-021-00610-4.

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AbstractThis work aimed to evaluate the role of the addition of blast furnace slag for the formation of reaction products and the strength development of volcanic ash-based phosphate geopolymer. Volcanic ash was replaced by 4 and 6 wt% of ground granulated blast furnace slag to accelerate the reaction kinetics. Then, the influence of boric acid for controlling the setting and kinetics reactions was also evaluated. The results demonstrated that the competition between the dissolution of boric acid and volcanic ash-slag particles is the main process controlling the setting and kinetics reaction.
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19

NAGANUMA, Hiroshi, Nobuya IKEDA, Tadashi ITO, Fumio SATO, Kazuaki URASHIMA, Tsuyoshi TAKUWA, Ryo YOSHIIE, and Ichiro NARUSE. "Elucidation of Ash Deposition Mechanisms with Interfacial Reaction." Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 88, no. 9 (2009): 816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.88.816.

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20

Zeng, Qiang, and Kefei Li. "Reaction and microstructure of cement–fly-ash system." Materials and Structures 48, no. 6 (February 16, 2014): 1703–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0266-y.

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21

García-Lodeiro, I., A. Palomo, and A. Fernández-Jiménez. "Alkali–aggregate reaction in activated fly ash systems." Cement and Concrete Research 37, no. 2 (February 2007): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.11.002.

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22

Prasetia, Irfan, and M. Fahmi Rizani. "Analysis of fly ash from PLTU Asam-Asam as a construction material in terms of its physical and mechanical properties." MATEC Web of Conferences 280 (2019): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928004013.

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Nowadays, PLTU Asam-Asam produced enormous amounts of combustion waste in the form of coal ash. On the contrary, only a little effort has been made to utilize coal ash from PLTU Asam-Asam, especially from the research side. In fact, due to its siliceous material, when reacting with CH in concrete, will form CSH hence improves concrete strength. In this study, in order to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of concrete using fly ash from PLTU Asam-Asam, 54 concrete samples were prepared according to SNI-03-2834-2000. The examination of concrete samples workability was conducted based
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23

Fernández, J., and M. J. Renedo. "HYDROTHERMAL REACTION OF FLY ASH/HYDRATED LIME: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE REACTION PRODUCTS." Chemical Engineering Communications 193, no. 10 (October 2006): 1253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986440500440199.

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24

Zhou, Hong Yi, Fu Hai Li, Si Yin Chen, Xiao Gang Zhao, and Gu Hua Li. "Study on Experiments of Matekaolin in Relation to Alkali-Silica Reaction." Key Engineering Materials 629-630 (October 2014): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.629-630.528.

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The influence of the content of matekaolin powder and fly ash in cement on controlling ASR was evaluated using Accelerated Mortar Bar Test (AMBT). Replacing cement with matekaolin powder to the extent of 5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,and with fly ash to the extent of 10%,20%,30%,35%,40%, 45% respectively. The result show that matekaolin powder and fly ash both can control Alkali-aggregate activity but to different degrees. Small amount of metakaolin powder exerts significant influence, whereas only when the proportion of fly ash is up to 35%, can it control ASR effectively. The effect and mechanism of th
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25

Rahman, Norbaizurah, Andri Kusbiantoro, Khairunisa Muthusamy, and Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah. "Degree of Reaction and Alkali-Leaching of Geopolymer Containing Ca-Rich Source Material and Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate." Key Engineering Materials 765 (March 2018): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.765.275.

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Disparity of anion and cation in geopolymer framework may result in the formation of efflorescence on the surface of hardened geopolymer specimen. The existence of efflorescence would be intensified with the use of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) as a chemical retarder for geopolymer mixture. In this study, paper mill sludge ash (PMSA) was used as a Ca-rich aluminosilicate source to reduce the development of efflorescence crystals. PMSA was utilized to partially replace fly ash at 5% and 10% (by weight of fly ash). Meanwhile, K2HPO4 was used as the external agent with various proportio
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26

Han, Hong Jing, Yan Guang Chen, Jia Lu, Dan Dan Yuan, Jun Song, and Ying Chen. "Investigation on the Extraction of Aluminum and Iron from Fly Ash by Sodium Carbonate Fusion Method." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1262.

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In recent years, utilization of fly ash has gained much attention in public and industry, which will help reduce the environmental burden and enhance economic benefit. In the utilizations of fly ash, the most high value-added applications is extraction of metal elements from fly ash. In this paper, the aluminum and iron extraction was investigated by orthogonal experiments. The results show that the optimum extraction condition was reaction temperature 800 °C, reaction time 3 h, the mass ratio of fly ash to Na2CO3 was 1:1.5.
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27

Bai, Guang Hui, Lin Lv, Tong Song Wang, Peng Cheng Li, and Cai Ling He. "Study on the Method of Lime Cream to Remove Sodium from Fly Ash Red Mud by Soda-Lime Sintering Process." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2790.

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It is the first time to remove sodium from the fly ash red mud by soda-lime sintering process to determine whether the fly ash red mud can be used in cement production. This paper studies the effects of the reaction time, the reaction temperature, the ratio of liquid to solid, and the amount of sodium removal agent on the removal of milk of lime method of fly ash red mud in sodium. The optimal reaction conditions are that: the reaction time is 120min, the reaction temperature is 90°C, the ratio of liquid to solid ratio is 6:1, and the ratio of sodium removal agent Ca (OH) 2 to the red mud of N
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28

Yan, Han Dong. "Studies on the Carbonation Restraint Capability of Dam Concrete with High Fly Ash Content." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.781.

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A quantificational relationship between carbonization depth and fly ash content as well as carbonation age to the mortars corresponding to five typical concrete mixture ratio of dam interior,exterior and foundation was educed by means of accelerating carbonation test and plurality regression means. The experimental results demonstrated that the carbonation restraint capability of the concrete was degreased with the increase of the fly ash content. The studies on the Ca(OH)2 content of the fly ash-cement paste attested that the replacement of fly ash to cement should be low to 40% in dam exteri
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Tennakoon, Chandani, Kwesi Sagoe-Crentsil, Jay G. Sanjayan, and Ahmad Shayan. "Early Age Properties of Alkali Activated Brown Coal Fly Ash Binders." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.457.

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The present study evaluates potential re-use options for two different types of brown coal fly ash (class C) sourced from Australia as feedstock for geopolymer binder systems. The study covers analysis of fundamental material and mix-design requirements for geopolymer binders as a basis to achieve durable brown coal ash geopolymer matrices. The study established that reference unblended 100% brown coal ash geopolymer mortar samples yielded low strength, typically below 5MPa and poor durability. However, appropriate blends of brown coal ash with selected black coal fly ash (class F) and blast f
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Rahman, Norbaizurah, Andri Kusbiantoro, Nabilah Mamat, Khairunisa Muthusamy, and Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah. "Roles of Calcium in Geopolymer Containing Paper Mill Sludge Ash." Materials Science Forum 917 (March 2018): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.917.311.

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High amount of calcium oxide (CaO) in source material is known to positively influence the mechanical strength of fly ash based geopolymer. This study was conducted to investigate the suitability of paper mill sludge ash (PMSA) to partially replace fly ash in geopolymer mortar based on its degree of reaction. Fly ash was activated by a combination of sodium silicate solution and 6 M sodium hydroxide solution. The mixtures were designed to replace fly ash content with PMSA at 5%, 10% and 15% (by weight of fly ash). To observe its effect on the mechanical strength, the specimens were cured in th
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31

Kath, Aline Hernandez, Gláucia Oliveira Islabão, Ledemar Carlos Vahl, and Juliana Brito da Silva Teixeira. "Reaction rate and residual effect of rice husk ash in soil acidity parameters." Revista Ceres 65, no. 3 (June 2018): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201865030008.

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ABSTRACT The rice husk ash has been applied in agricultural land, with potential of replace limestone and, supply phosphorus and potassium. However, its residual effect in soil is still unknown. This investigation aimed to evaluate the reaction rate and residual effect of rice husk ash in soils acidity parameters. A field experiment was conducted with five treatments: four rice husk ash dosages 0, 30, 60 and 120 t ha-1 and one treatment with recommended soil lime and fertilizer (dolomitic limestone to reach pH 6, 150 kg ha-1 P2O5 as single superphosphate and 80 kg ha-1 K2O as potassium chlorid
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Zhou, Kun, Wei Fu, Hongxi Xie, Jihu Bao, Yayun Li, Lei Lu, and Yunlang Cheng. "Study on reaction kinetics of single slime." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123602012.

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The study of the combustion characteristics of single slime fuels is the basis for achieving clean combustion of solid fuels. This paper uses a combination of experimental and theoretical analysis, combined with the Coats-Redfen integration method, to study the influence of ash content and heating rate on the kinetic parameters of coal slime, and solve the combustion kinetic parameters. The results show that under the same heating rate, the activation energy gradually increases. As the ash content of coal slime increases, the activity of the coal slime sample decreases, and the reaction activa
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33

Feng, Jingjing, Jianwei Sun, and Peiyu Yan. "The Influence of Ground Fly Ash on Cement Hydration and Mechanical Property of Mortar." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4023178.

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In this study, the ground fly ash is made of ordinary grade I fly ash by grinding. Compared with grade I fly ash, the influence of ground fly ash on cement hydration and mechanical property of mortar was investigated. The results show that ground fly ash can improve the hydration of cement at all the ages compared with grade I fly ash, and not only does its pozzolanic reaction start earlier, but the reaction degree is higher and the speed is quicker. Before 3 days, the contribution of ground fly ash to the strength is mainly due to physical filling and microaggregate effect. After that, the co
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34

Simatupang, Minson, Lukas Kano Mangalla, Romy Suryaningrat Edwin, Adris Ade Putra, Muhammad Thahir Azikin, Nini H. Aswad, and Wayan Mustika. "The Mechanical Properties of Fly-Ash-Stabilized Sands." Geosciences 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10040132.

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The stabilization of soil through the addition of fly ash has been shown to be an effective alternative for improving the strength and stiffness of soil through the resulting chemical reactions. The chemical reaction that occurs dissociates the lime (CaO) in the fly ash, and the establishment of cementitious and pozzolanic gels (consisting of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel and calcium aluminate hydrate (CAH) gel) binds the soil particles and increases the strength and stiffness of the soil. Investigations into the mechanical properties of sands stabilized with fly ash (fly-ash-stabilized s
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35

Ren, Xin, Wei Li, Zhongyang Mao, and Min Deng. "Inhibition of the Alkali-Carbonate Reaction Using Fly Ash and the Underlying Mechanism." Crystals 10, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060484.

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In this paper, fly ash is used to inhibit the alkali-carbonate reaction (ACR). The experimental results suggest that when the alkali equivalent (equivalent Na2Oeq) of the cement is 1.0%, the adding of 30% fly ash can significantly inhibit the expansion in low-reactivity aggregates. For moderately reactive aggregates, the expansion rate can also be reduced by adding 30% of fly ash. According to a polarizing microscope analysis, the cracks are expansion cracks mainly due to the ACR. The main mechanisms of fly ash inhibiting the ACR are that it refines the pore structure of the cement paste, and
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36

Menéndez, Esperanza, Cristina Argiz, and Miguel Ángel Sanjuán. "Reactivity of Ground Coal Bottom Ash to Be Used in Portland Cement." J 4, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j4030018.

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Ground coal bottom ash is considered a novel material when used in common cement production as a blended cement. This new application must be evaluated by means of the study of its pozzolanic properties. Coal bottom ash, in some countries, is being used as a replacement for natural sand, but in some others, it is disposed of in a landfill, leading thus to environmental problems. The pozzolanic properties of ground coal bottom ash and coal fly ash cements were investigated in order to assess their pozzolanic performance. Proportions of coal fly ash and ground coal bottom ash in the mixes were 1
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37

Li, Han Xu, Xiang Cao, and Yong Xin Tang. "Study of Effect of Ternary-Component Blended Coal on Coal Gasification Reaction at High Temperature." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 3104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.3104.

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Three typical Chinese individual coals which existed remarkable difference on coal ash chemical composition and ash fusion temperature were selected to carry out coal blending experiments to study the coal gasification reaction at high temperature by means of using ternary-component blended coal technique and TGA-DTA method. According to ternary-component blended coal with a certain proportion, ash chemical composition and coal-char/CO2 gasification reactivity were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG), respectively.
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Han, Hong Jing, Yan Guang Chen, Jia Lu, Ting Ting Xu, Yong Hui Jiang, and Jia Li Bai. "Investigation of Removing Iron from Fly Ash." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1194.

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Fly ash, as an environmental pollutant, is generated in the process of coal combustion for energy conversion. It has been widely used in so many applications, such as, preparation of zeolite, extracting alumina, and so on. Iron composition has some side-effect on the purity and whiteness of the products prepared form fly ash. In this paper, removal of unburned carbon and iron composition was investigated. The results show that the carbon can be removed completely from fly ash after calcination under 800°C for 2h. Acid leaching was used to remove iron from the fly ash after decarburization. The
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Yao, Zhidong, Chikashi Tamura, Motohide Matsuda, and Michihiro Miyake. "Resource recovery of waste incineration fly ash: Synthesis of tobermorite as ion exchanger." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 11 (November 1999): 4437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0601.

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Tobermorite was synthesized successfully from waste incineration fly ash by hydrothermal treatment in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution. The tobermorite synthesis was examined as a function of reaction temperature, time, and NaOH concentration. The formation of tobermorite was identified in all of the fly ash treated with NaOH at 180 °C, followed by the minor generations of sodalite and cancrinite phases with increasing NaOH concentration and extending reaction time. The NaOH-treated fly ash revealed the uptake behaviors for Cs+ and NH4+, whereas the fly ash untreated with NaOH solutio
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Becelic-Tomin, Milena, Bozo Dalmacija, Dragana Tomasevic, Jelena Molnar, and Ljiljana Rajic. "Application of the pyrite ash in the microwave Fenton process of decolorization of the synthetic color solution." Chemical Industry 67, no. 3 (2013): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120428088b.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of fly ash and pyrite ash applications as a Fenton catalysts in the advancement of the microwave/hydrogen peroxide (MW/H2O2) treatment in the Rhodamine B decolorization process. At the same time, a comparison of the influence of these heterogenous catalysts with the homogenous Fenton catalyst on the decolorization process was conducted. The influence of the catalyst was tracked in previously optimized conditions MW/H2O2: [Rhodamine B] = 0.2 mM; pH 3.2; temperature 85?C; [H2O2] = 80 mM; power = 300 W. Under such conditions, the efficiency
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MURAYAMA, Norihiro, Kazuo OGAWA, Yasuyoshi NISHIKAWA, Hideki YAMAMOTO, and Junji SHIBATA. "Reaction Mechanism of Zeolite Synthesis from Coal Fly Ash." Shigen-to-Sozai 116, no. 6 (2000): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.116.509.

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Ordóñez, L. M., J. Payá, A. M. Coats, and F. P. Glasser. "Reaction of rice husk ash with OPC and portlandite." Advances in Cement Research 14, no. 3 (July 2002): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.2002.14.3.113.

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Takeya, Hirotoshi, Toshiyuki Nago, and Masahiro Sasaki. "Development of Hydrothermal Reaction Solidification of Paper Sludge Ash." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 62, no. 4 (2008): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.62.427.

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44

Glosser, Deborah, Prannoy Suraneni, O. Burkan Isgor, and W. Jason Weiss. "Estimating reaction kinetics of cementitious pastes containing fly ash." Cement and Concrete Composites 112 (September 2020): 103655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103655.

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Haha, M. Ben, K. De Weerdt, and B. Lothenbach. "Quantification of the degree of reaction of fly ash." Cement and Concrete Research 40, no. 11 (November 2010): 1620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.07.004.

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Bloise, Andrea, Chiara Benedetta Cannata, and Rosanna De Rosa. "Hydrothermal Alteration of Etna Ash and Implications for Mars." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 17, 2020): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050450.

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Volcanic activity represents one of the main factors controlling the geological evolution of Mars, whose morphology has remarkable counterparts on Earth. Studies on the Martian surface revealed the widespread occurrences of newly formed minerals originated by the hydrothermal alteration of volcanic rocks. In this work, we carried out a series of experiments to test the reactions occurring during the hydrothermal alteration of basaltic ash from Etna (Italy) as a possible similar reaction fully grown on the Martian rock. The volcanic ash used for the hydrothermal alteration experiments was colle
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He, Xiao Fang, Chang Wen Miao, Yong Hao Wu, Xin Xin Cao, and Dan Liu. "Thermal Reaction Kinetics of Fly Ash Cement Paste at the Age of 28 Days." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.91.

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The thermal reaction kinetics of fly ash cement pastes were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal Gravity Analysis-Differential Thermal Gravity (TG-DTG) method, the kinetics parameters such as apparent activation energy was calculated by the Kissinger method, and the physical parameters were obtained. The result show that the fly ash cement pastes performance three endothermic reaction stages at different heating rates, peak temperatures of each stage at the range of 91.85~121.08°C, 453.93~496.48°C, and 680.21~751.62°C. TG-DTG show there were three thermal decompositio
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Xu, Li Wei. "Method to Determine Reaction Degrees of Portland Cement and Fly Ash in Complex Pastes." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1657.

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To determine the reaction degrees of Portland cement and fly ash in complex pastes, an experiment of hydration degree for composite pastes, hydrochloric acid dissolution method for fly ash and solution heat method for cement is applied. It is shown from the test that a rather precise result has been obtained by the combined method. The hydration degrees of cement and fly ash in composite pastes agree well with those from theoretical analysis.
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Liu, Kai Wei, Min Deng, and Li Wu Mo. "Effect of Fly Ash on Resistance to Sulfate Attack of Cement-Based Materials." Key Engineering Materials 539 (January 2013): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.539.124.

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The resistance to sulfate attack of mortars containing 0%, 20%, and 40% of fly ash cured in 5 wt. % sodium sulfate solution at 20°C was investigated in this paper. Visual appearance, cracking analysis, velocity of ultrasonic wave and length change were applied to evaluate the sulfate resistance of mortars. The phases and microstructure of the reaction products due to sulfate attack were examined by XRD and SEM, and the pore structure of the mortars was analyzed by MIP. The effects of fly ash on the sulfate attack of mortars were analyzed. Results indicated that the addition of fly ash improved
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Li, Hui, Shi Shi, De Long Xu, Li Jun Zhuge, and Le Le Zhang. "Research on the Dissolving Character of Active Si/Al in Fly Ash Activated by Alkali." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1790–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1790.

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This paper investigated the influence of activator concentration, reaction time and fineness of fly ash on the dissolving character of the active Si/Al in fly ash activated by alkali. The results indicated that with the increase of the NaOH solution concentration, the dissolving percentage of active Si/Al in the fly ash went up. The finer the fly ash particles were, the higher dissolving percentage of active Si/Al was obtained. Under strong basic (2M NaOH solution) and boiling condition, the reaction time of active Si/Al dissolving was short and less than 10 minutes. The content of vitreous ph
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