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Journal articles on the topic 'Ashing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

ALI, M. W., S. C. ZOLTAI, and F. G. RADFORD. "A COMPARISON OF DRY AND WET ASHING METHODS FOR THE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PEAT." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 68, no. 2 (1988): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss88-041.

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Peat samples were digested by dry and wet ashing for analysis by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results were comparable for Ca, Mg, Fe, K, Mn and P. Values for Zn, S, Cu, Ti, Na and Pb were consistently higher by wet ashing. Dry ashing gave much higher values for Al and Ni than wet ashing. Key words: Elements, wet ashing, dry ashing, peat, ICP-AES

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2

Friel, J. K., and C. D. Ngyuen. "Dry- and wet-ashing techniques compared in analyses for zinc, copper, manganese, and iron in hair." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 5 (1986): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.5.739.

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Abstract Preparation of hair specimens for trace-metal analyses is routinely done by wet- or dry-ashing. Wet-ashing is more time consuming than dry-ashing and can be dangerous. We wished to determine if dry-ashing was a suitable alternative to wet-ashing with HClO4:HNO3 or HNO3 alone in preparing hair for measurement of zinc, copper, iron, and manganese by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Mn were not differently affected in hair that was dry- or wet-ashed. Analytical recovery of these elements added to hair samples ranged from 102 to 108%; day-to-day CVs were less

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3

Scherrer, René, and Vivion E. Shull. "Microincineration and elemental X-ray microanalysis of single Bacillus cereus T spores." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 4 (1987): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-052.

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Single whole spores of bacillus cereus T were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe X-ray microanalysis before and after high-temperature (600 °C) ashing in air. High-temperature ashing consisted of a centripetal oxidation of the spore surface combined with pyrolysis of the spore's interior. Ashing of single spores produced a compact central ash particle, mimicking the much larger unashed spore body in outline but containing craterlike microregions, and a peripheral thin ash film. Ashing mostly eliminated the spore's organic matrix; however, ash residues still gave r

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4

Prabawa, I. Dewa Gede Putra. "POTENSI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK ORGANIK (Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) As Raw Materials Organic Fertilizer)." Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan 8, no. 1 (2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24111/jrihh.v8i1.2063.

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Oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth have not been widely used, especially in South Kalimantan. These materials were known containing macro elements that are needed by plants. This research was conducted to study potential of oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth as raw material for organic fertilizer. The effect of ashing temperature variations (500°C; 750°C; 1000°C) on the macro nutrients content (N, P2O5, and K2O) have been studied. The result showed that the characterization of empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth have the highest P2O5 and K2O content, whereas the co

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5

Hepp, Nancy M. "Arsenic Determination in Certifiable Color Additives by Dry Ashing Followed by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 2 (1999): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.2.327.

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Abstract The preparations of digested samples of certifiable color additives by dry ashing and wet digestion for arsenic analysis by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) were compared. The dry ashing technique was based on the preparation used in ASTM D4606-86 for determination of As and Se in coal. The acid digestion method used nitric and sulfuric acids heated by microwaves in sealed vessels. The digested color additives were analyzed for As by using hydride generated from sodium borohydride mixed with the acidified solution on a flow injection system leading to an atomic

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6

Verkouteren, Jennifer R., Eric S. Windsor, Joseph M. Conny, Robert L. Perkins, and J. Todd Ennis. "Analysis of kaolinite/chrysotile mixtures by ashing and x-ray diffraction." Powder Diffraction 17, no. 3 (2002): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1481038.

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A simple ashing procedure for a mixture containing kaolinite and chrysotile is described that converts kaolinite to amorphous metakaolinite while retaining the diffraction intensity of chrysotile. This ashing procedure removes the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern overlap between kaolinite and chrysotile that can interfere with the analysis of even high concentrations of chrysotile. Samples are ashed at 460 °C in a muffle furnace for 40 h to completely convert kaolinite to metakaolinite. The complete conversion of 1 g of kaolinite under these conditions was determined for two standard kaolinite

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7

McCarthy, Helen T., and Christopher P. Ellis. "Comparison of Microwave Digestion with Conventional Wet Ashing and Dry Ashing Digestion for Analysis of Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, and Zinc in Shellfish by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 3 (1991): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.3.566.

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Abstract A closed vessel microwave digestion procedure was developed for shellfish samples. This procedure was compared with wet and dry ash procedures for levels of lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc. Results obtained for microwave and conventional wet ash digestion were comparable. The dry ashing procedure produced results consistently lower than either of the other methods. Recoveries ranged from 80-92% for microwave and wet ashing procedures and 54- 72% for the dry ashing procedure. Accuracy was also determined by analyzing lobster hepatopancreas marine reference material. Values fo

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8

White, Ralph T., and Christopher W. Lawrence. "Low-Temperature Decomposition of Botanical and Biological Samples for Multielement Analysis by High-Frequency Induced Oxygen–Argon–Fluorine Plasma." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 1 (1995): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.1.99.

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Abstract The cool plasma asher (CPA) consists of a high-frequency generator and a quartz sample vessel equipped with a cooling finger that prevents loss of volatile elements. After sample decomposition within an O2–Ar–F plasma, the ashing residues and the elements condensed on the surface of the vessel or cooling finger are dissolved by refluxing in 1–5 mL of double-distilled acid. The sample solutions are analyzed for elemental content by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES). The recovery values for 42 elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Eu, F

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9

NONAKA, Nobuhiro, Hideo HIGUCHI, Hiroshi HAMAGUCHI, and Kenji TOMURA. "Losses of elements during dry ashing of standard reference materials (Orchard Leaves); Relationship between ashing temperature, ashing time, and elemental loss." Bunseki kagaku 34, no. 6 (1985): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.34.6_360.

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10

Li, Wen Ni, Qing Hai Li, Yan Guo Zhang, and Ai Hong Meng. "Ashing Temperature’s Impact on the Characteristics of Biomass Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.217.

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Currently, GB(T212—1996), the coal industrial analysis standard, and ASTM(E870-82) , the American Society for Testing Material, are two main methods of studying basic characteristics of biomass in China. In this work, nine kinds of biomass are burned to ash under two standard temperatures, 815°C(GB) and 590°C(ASTM), whose contents are then measured , composition analysed through XRF(X-ray fluorescence)and fusion temperatures tested by 5E-AFⅢ intelligent ash fusion temperature tester. As can be seen in the tests, biomass produced under different ashing temperatures differs in ash content and co

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11

Jing, Nijie, Qinhui Wang, Hongmei Zhu, Yan Liu, and Long Han. "Sintering behavior of ash from combustion of Jincheng coal and pine sawdust blends." BioResources 15, no. 4 (2020): 9324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.9324-9336.

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Sintering behaviour of ash specimens from blends of Jincheng (JC) coal and pine sawdust (PS) was investigated using a pressure-drop sintering device combined with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and FactSage modeling. The sintering temperatures consistently displayed a decreased trend when the PS was added into JC. In addition, the ashing temperature had an important influence on the sintering temperature of ash. The SEM analysis revealed a fine, irregular, and fibrous texture in the ash specimens from the lower ashing te

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12

Sonntag, Fabian, and Peter Eilts. "Quick Ashing of Particulate Filters." Auto Tech Review 5, no. 12 (2016): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40112-016-1256-y.

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13

Sonntag, Fabian, and Peter Eilts. "Quick Ashing of Particulate Filters." MTZ worldwide 76, no. 12 (2015): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-015-0072-0.

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14

Fonseca, R. W., N. J. Miller-Ihli, C. Sparks, J. A. Holcombe, and B. Shaver. "Effect of Oxygen Ashing on Analyte Transport Efficiency Using ETV-ICP-MS." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 12 (1997): 1800–1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971939866.

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Oxygen ashing has been used in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy to eliminate organic matrix sample components and is particularly useful when doing direct solids analysis of biologicals using ultrasonic slurry sampling. Oxygen ashing has also proven to be useful for the analysis of slurry samples using ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (USS-ETV-ICP-MS). In this work, the effect of oxygen ashing on analyte transport in USS-ETV-ICP-MS was evaluated. Oxygen ashing in the presence of Pd modifier (Pd/O2) enhances analyte

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15

Veltkamp, C. J., and J. C. Chubb. "Plasma etching and ashing: a technique for demonstrating internal structures of helminths using scanning electron microscopy." Journal of Helminthology 80, no. 1 (2006): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2005317.

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AbstractPlasma etching and ashing for demonstrating the three-dimensional ultrastructure of the internal organs of helminths is described. Adult worms of the cestode Caryophyllaeides fennica were dehydrated through an ethanol series, critical point dried (Polaron E3000) and sputter coated with 60% gold-palladium (Polaron E5100) and glued to a standard scanning electron microscope (SEM) stub positioned as required for ashing. After initial SEM viewing of worm surfaces for orientation, stubs were placed individually in the reactor chamber of a PT7150 plasma etching and ashing machine. Worms were

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16

Skurikhin, Igor M. "Methods of Analysis for Toxic Elements in Foods. Part IV. General Method of Ashing for the Determination of Toxic Elements." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 2 (1993): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.2.257.

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Abstract As a result of the request of the Codex Alimentarius Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling, a general method for ashing of foods for the determination of toxic elements was assembled. This method consolidates the results of more than a decade of interlaboratory work of numerous USSR food laboratories and specifies the details of wet and dry ashing procedures.

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17

Haba, Yvonne, Ralf Skripitz, Tobias Lindner, et al. "Bone Mineral Densities and Mechanical Properties of Retrieved Femoral Bone Samples in relation to Bone Mineral Densities Measured in the Respective Patients." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/242403.

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The bone mineral density (BMD) of retrieved cancellous bone samples is compared to the BMD measuredin vivoin the respective osteoarthritic patients. Furthermore, mechanical properties, in terms of structural modulus (Es) and ultimate compression strength (σmax) of the bone samples, are correlated to BMD data. Human femoral heads were retrieved from 13 osteoarthritic patients undergoing total hip replacement. Subsequently, the BMD of each bone sample was analysed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as well as ashing. Furthermore, BMDs of the proximal femur were analysed preoperatively

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18

Cha, Younghwan, Myoungsoo Kim, Dahyeouk Lee, Kibo Kim, Seungkook Yang, and Segeun Park. "Optimization of 450mm Wafer Ashing Chamber by Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1544.

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Ashing is a photoresist-stripping process using oxygen or hydrogen radicals and is one of key process step in the semiconductor manufacturing processes. Uniform and fast stripping is the key factor in ashing. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics simulation was applied to find conditions for uniform molecular flux over the wafer surface and to optimize the ashing chamber geometry. In particular, the distance between the gas inlet baffle and wafer stage in the 450 mm wafer chamber was determined through inductive inference statistics. To improve the reliability of this simulation, the c

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19

IWAKURO, Hiroaki, Tsukasa KURODA, and Minoru HIRAI. "Device contamination by O2 plasma ashing." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 41, no. 2 (1990): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.41.121.

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20

Fujimura, Shuzo, Jun'ichi Konno, Ken'ichi Hikazutani, and Hiroshi Yano. "Ashing of Ion-Implanted Resist Layer." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 28, Part 1, No. 10 (1989): 2130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.28.2130.

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21

Hiei, Yoshiko, Hiromi Shirai, Kayoko Morishita, and Takayuki Takarada. "Basic Study on De-ashing Process." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 35, no. 6 (2009): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.35.651.

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22

Collins Michael, J., and Wyatt Hargett. "5318754 Microwave ashing apparatuses and components." Environment International 21, no. 3 (1995): XII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(95)99260-9.

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23

Adolphi, Peter, and Manfred Stör. "Glow discharge excited low temperature ashing." Fuel 64, no. 2 (1985): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(85)90208-x.

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24

Yamanishi, T., T. Ono, K. Kohmura, et al. "Removal of etching/ashing residues and ashing/wet-clean damage in porous silica low-k films." Microelectronic Engineering 83, no. 11-12 (2006): 2142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2006.09.023.

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25

OTAWARA, Y., T. WADA, M. KIRIKAE, et al. "PIXE Analysis of Brain Tumor: sample preparation and its clinical feature." International Journal of PIXE 04, no. 01 (1994): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083594000076.

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As sample preparation technique for PIXE analysis of brain tumor, “homogenizing method” and “chemical ashing method” have been studied and developed. It is concluded that chemical ashing method is quite appropriate for biological sample preparation. By taking samples of surgically removed brain tumor (meningioma) and brain tumor cell line (rat glioma and human glioblastoma), elemental constitution of brain tumor is compared with that of normal brain, and remarkably high concentration of Zn is found in brain tumor.

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26

Imrana, Ibrahim, Salisu Aminu, Umar Bilal, and Bello Sada Mujitafa. "DETERMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOME BRANDS OF GREEN TEA USING WET DIGESTION, INFUSION AND DRY ASHING METHODS." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 4 (2021): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0404-512.

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The concentrations of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ni) in some commercially available brands of green tea sold within Katsina metropolis coded (SGT, HGT, LGT, AGT and GGT) were determined using wet acid digestion, water infusion, and Dry Ashing methods by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Among the trace elements analyzed Nickel and Manganese recorded the highest value ranged 1.0 – 3.5 mg kg-1 and1.0 – 5.5 mg kg-1 in dry ashing and wet digestion respectively. Fortunately, almost all the elements analyzed were within the standard permissible limit of WHO. The content of trace elements

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27

Bellanger, Jacques R. "Adaptation of a Dry Ashing Procedure for Determination of Selenium by Fluorimetry in High-Fat Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 2 (1995): 477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.2.477.

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Abstract The wet ashing–dry ashing procedure for destruction of organic matter in high-fat foods for subsequent fluorimetric determination of selenium was investigated. Samples were decomposed by predigestion with nitric acid and dry-ashed with magnesium nitrate and hydrochloric acid. Selenium was recovered quantitatively through the total procedure. Detection limit was about 4 ppb. Accuracy was tested by analysis of several reference materials and by comparison with the wet-digestion method. The present method can be used conveniently for selenium determination in high-fat foods.

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28

Zhang, Ni, and Jianbin Zheng. "Rapid sample preparation with multi-channel focused infrared micro-ashing prior to determination of chromium in gelatin capsules by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry." Analytical Methods 10, no. 8 (2018): 920–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay02844j.

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29

Brandão, José, Mambo Moyo, and Jonathan Okonkwo. "Determination of antimony in bottled water and polyethylene terephthalate bottles: a routine laboratory quality check." Water Supply 14, no. 2 (2013): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.187.

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The paper describes a modified and optimised conventional wet ashing method for the determination of antimony (Sb) in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles used for bottling sparkling and still water. The modified optimum conventional wet ashing method was applied as the digestion method to extract Sb from PET bottles, and the extracted Sb analysed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS), and in bottled water, Sb was analysed with hydride vapour generator atomic absorption spectrometry (HVG-AAS). Microwave digestion method was also used as described above for comparison. The conc

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30

Herlinawati, Herlinawati, Normalina Arpi, and Nurul Azmi. "Comparison of Wet Destruction, Dry Ashing, and Acid Homogenic Methods In Determining Na And K in Beef and Chicken Using Flame Photometer." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 3, no. 2 (2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v3i2.19533.

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This research was purposed to compare the yield of destruction method in determining sodium (Na) and potassium (K) content in beef and chicken by using flame photometer. The destruction methods used they are wet destruction, dry ashing, and acid homogenic method. In acid homogenic method two types of acid are used as solvents are HCl and HNO3 with concentration variation of 0.5 M; 1 M; and 1.5 M. While the wet destruction method uses a mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 (1: 2) and the dry ashing method uses only HNO3. The highest Na content obtained from the three methods after being analy

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31

Zhang, Yi, Guanmin Zhang, Min Wei, Zhenqiang Gao, Maocheng Tian, and Fang He. "Comparisons of Acid and Water Solubilities of Rice Straw Ash Together with Its Major Ash-Forming Elements at Different Ashing Temperatures: An Experimental Study." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (2019): 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071989.

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Recycling utilization of straw ash as a fertilizer in farmland is expected to play an important role in the sustainable development of both agriculture and biomass energy. However, the ashing temperature and the aqueous solution characteristics may affect the recycling properties of the nutrients contained in the ash. The solubilities of both the ash and its elements can represent the above recycling properties. This paper presents a systematic experimental investigation on the acid solubilities of both rice straw ash and its major elements produced from combustion at 400–800 °C, and these fin

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32

Taniguchi, Kensuke, Kunihito Tanaka, Tadaaki Inomata, and Masuhiro Kogoma. "Photoresist Ashing by Atmospheric Pressure Glow Plasma." Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (1997): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.10.113.

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33

BAI Jin-chao, 白金超, 张光明 ZHANG Guang-ming, 郭总杰 GUO Zong-jie, 郑云友 ZHENG Yun-you, 袁剑峰 YUAN Jian-feng, and 邵喜斌 SHAO Xi-bin. "Effect of film layer on photoresist ashing." Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays 30, no. 4 (2015): 616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/yjyxs20153004.0616.

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34

Yi, Chang Heon, Tae Whan Kim, Keun-Ho Kim, Woo Seung Kang, Ji Hyun Kim, and Soon Kook Hong. "Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Ashing for Display Manufacturing." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 47, no. 8 (2008): 6965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.47.6965.

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35

Stefani, J., L. M. Loewenstein, and M. Sullivan. "On-line diagnostic monitoring of photoresist ashing." IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 8, no. 1 (1995): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/66.350752.

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36

Omiya, Kayoko, and Yoshinori Kataoka. "Effect of Gas Addition on Ozone Ashing." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 145, no. 12 (1998): 4323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1838958.

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37

Miyaji, S., T. Kato, and T. Yamauchi. "Ashing residues on TiN antireflective coating layers." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 14, no. 6 (1996): 3082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.580175.

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38

YASUI, Akemi, Hideo KOIZUMI, Tadanao SUZUK, and Chuichi TSUTSUMI. "Dry ashing method using aluminium foil vessel." Bunseki kagaku 35, no. 12 (1986): T115—T119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.35.12_t115.

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39

Usujima, Akihiro, Masaru Yasui, Masaaki Aoyama, and Yoshimi Shioya. "Generation Mechanism of Photoresist Residue after Ashing." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 141, no. 9 (1994): 2487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2055148.

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40

Komachi, K., and S. Kobayashi. "Resist Ashing Using Surface-Wave – Produced Plasmas." Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy 25, no. 4 (1990): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08327823.1990.11688132.

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41

Kojima, Akihiro, Takayuki Sakai, and Tokuhisa Ohiwa. "Mechanism of Cu oxidation in ashing process." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 22, no. 6 (2004): 2611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1808745.

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42

Adam, Tijjani, U. Hashim, Pei Ling Leow, and Q. Humayun. "Fabrication of Nanowire Using Ash Trimming Technique." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 1042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.1042.

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The paper present a report on fabrication of Nanowire using plasma oxidation, we monitor changes by studying the morphology and Δw / Δh, the study also revealed that the proposed fabrication method could potentially be used to fabricate specific nanometer-scale structure and space structure with uniform surface morphology without any damage to the photoresist. Yet with reduced ashing time and without popping of the photoresist ashing process when the a fabricated is being carried out and subsequently trimmed to nanosize by plasma oxidation, the study also revealed the dramatic increase in aspe

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Hirono, Shigeru, Hironori Torii, Tetsuya Tajima, et al. "Novel Cap Annealing Process for SiC Crystal Using ECR-Sputtered Carbon Films and ECR Plasma Ashing." Materials Science Forum 645-648 (April 2010): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.645-648.725.

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A high dose impurity doping process for 4H-SiC crystals has been developed using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) sputtered carbon cap film and ECR plasma ashing. ECR-sputtered carbon films are newly found crystalline carbon films of which the hardness is comparable to that of diamonds. Since this carbon film showed such a high thermal tolerance that the hardness did not change after 1900oC annealing, this carbon cap film worked well for suppressing roughening during annealing for aluminum-ion implanted 4H-SiC. Cap carbon film can be removed successfully by using high density ECR plasma ashi

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Haba, Yvonne, Tobias Lindner, Andreas Fritsche, et al. "Relationship Between Mechanical Properties and Bone Mineral Density of Human Femoral Bone Retrieved from Patients with Osteoarthritis." Open Orthopaedics Journal 6, no. 1 (2012): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001206010458.

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The objective of this study was to analyse retrieved human femoral bone samples using three different test methods, to elucidate the relationship between bone mineral density and mechanical properties. Human femoral heads were retrieved from 22 donors undergoing primary total hip replacement due to hip osteoarthritis and stored for a maximum of 24 hours postoperatively at + 6 °C to 8 °C. Analysis revealed an average structural modulus of 232±130 N/mm2 and ultimate compression strength of 6.1±3.3 N/mm2 with high standard deviations. Bone mineral densities of 385±133 mg/cm2 and 353±172 mg/cm3 we

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45

Joubert, O., Nicolas Possémé, Thierry Chevolleau, Thibaut David, and M. Darnon. "Low-k Integration Using Metallic Hard Masks." Solid State Phenomena 187 (April 2012): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.187.193.

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For the 45 nm interconnect technology node, porous dielectric materials (p-SiOCH) have been introduced, leading to complex integration issues due to their high sensitivity upon FC etching and ashing plasma exposure [1, 2]. Thanks to Metallic hard mask (MHM) integration high selectivities towards dielectric materials (>100:1) can be reached and minimizes exposure of p-SiOCH films to ashing plasmas. However MHM such as TiN generates other issues such as i) metal contamination in the patterned structures and ii) growth of metal based residues on the top of the hard mask [3, 4, 5]. The residues

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Gao, Ling Ling, Ye Chen, Ning Wang, et al. "Determination of Antimony in Recycled Polyester Fiber by ICP-OES with Different Pretreatment Methods." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 1502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1502.

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As consumer awareness of heavy metal content in textile increased, it is necessary to develop analytical methods that identify and quantify heavy metals. In order to comprehensively investigate the potential risks of antimony (Sb) in recycled polyester fiber to humans health, this study developed acid digestion method, with the condition that the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to hydrogen peroxide was 1, and digested at 200°Cfor 1.5h, which produced clear and colorless solutions.Currently, microwave and dry ashing are also common methods for digesting polyethylene terephthalate sam

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Lee, Hong-Ji, Che-Lun Hung, Chia-Hao Leng, et al. "Etch Defect Characterization and Reduction in Hard-Mask-Based Al Interconnect Etching." International Journal of Plasma Science and Engineering 2008 (September 23, 2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/154035.

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This paper identifies the defect adders, for example, post hard-mask etch residue, post metal etch residue, and blocked etch metal island and investigates the removal characteristics of these defects within the oxide-masked Al etching process sequence. Post hard-mask etch residue containing C atom is related to the hardening of photoresist after the conventional post-RIE ashing at 275∘C. An in situ O2-based plasma ashing on RIE etcher was developed to prevent the photoresist hardening from the high-ashing temperature; followed wet stripping could successfully eliminate such hardened polymeric

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Zubakina, Ekaterina A., Nikolay D. Solovyev, Elena S. Savinkova, and Nina I. Slesar'. "Sample preparation for cadmium quantification in sunflower (Heliánthus ánnuus) seeds using anodic stripping voltammetry." Analytical Methods 8, no. 2 (2016): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02275d.

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De Kimpe, C. R., and M. Schnitzer. "Low-Temperature Ashing of Humic and Fulvic Acid." Soil Science Society of America Journal 54, no. 2 (1990): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400020017x.

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Takagi, Ken-ichi, Akihiro Ikeda, Tsuyoshi Fujimura, and Yukinori Kuroki. "Inductively coupled plasma application to the resist ashing." Thin Solid Films 386, no. 2 (2001): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(00)01636-9.

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