Academic literature on the topic 'Ashland (Mont.)'

ABSTRACT The Ashland oil spill of January, 1988 near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was one of the largest inland releases of oil in U.S. history. The response to this release lasted over a month and involved the combined resources of government, industry, and the public. This paper discusses the spill incident, the response, and the causes of the release; an inquiry into the regulatory aspects of this incident is continuing and is not a focus here. The major issues brought out in the response to the release were the determination of the cause of the release, the role that the responsible party played in the cleanup efforts, the role of the first responders to the release, and the role that governmental agencies played in maintaining adequate water supplies to the many communities which take their drinking water from the Monongahela and Ohio rivers. The response to the release and the methods which were used to track the plume and provide early warning to downstream users, as well as the active role played by the Regional Response Team in coordinating the many governmental entities involved are described.

Abstract Research suggests that women may have poorer tobacco cessation outcomes than men; however, the literature is somewhat mixed. Less is known about gender differences in cessation within quitline settings. This study examined gender differences in the utilization of services (i.e., coaching sessions, pharmacotherapy) and tobacco cessation among callers to the Arizona Smokers’ Helpline (ASHLine). The study sample included callers enrolled in ASHLine between January 2011 and June 2016. We tracked number of completed coaching sessions. At the 7-month follow-up, callers retrospectively reported use of cessation pharmacotherapy (gum, patch, or lozenge), as well as current tobacco use. Associations between gender and tobacco cessation were tested using logistic regression models. At month 7, 36.4% of women (3,277/9,004) and 40.3% of men (2,960/7,341) self-reported 30-day point prevalence abstinence. Compared to men, fewer women reported using pharmacotherapy (women: 71.4% vs. men: 73.6%, p = .01) and completed at least five coaching sessions (women: 35.1% vs. men: 38.5%, p < .01). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, women had significantly lower odds of reporting tobacco cessation than men (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.99). However, after further adjustment for use of pharmacotherapy and coaching, there was no longer a significant relationship between gender and tobacco cessation (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.06). Fewer women than men reported tobacco cessation. Women also had lower utilization of quitline cessation services. Although the magnitude of these differences were small, future research on improving the utilization of quitline services among women may be worth pursuing given the large-scale effects of tobacco.

The PietraAlberese is a marly limestone belonging to the Ligurian series (Monte Morello Formation of Eocene age). It is a material rarely mentioned in the historical Florentine architecture because the Pietraforte, the stone of the Medieval Florence and the Pietra Serena, the stone of the Renaissance, were the main lithotypes commonly used in those periods. Nevertheless, the Pietra Alberese has been widely utilized to build the town, because it is the only limestone cropping out in this part of Tuscany allowing the production of lime. In Prato and Pistoia, the Pietra Alberese was also used as stone (e.g., ashlars) in the structures and façades of many public and religious buildings. In this work, the geological setting and a mineralogical, petrographic and physical characterization of Pietra Alberese used as building stone are proposed together with a discussion about its durability. Moreover, the different compositional and macroscopic characteristics of two lithotypes (namely the sasso alberese and sasso porcino) utilized to produce the two types of lime used in the local traditional architecture (calcina dolce and calcina forte) are highlighted.

The Mentelles' daughter Mary marries Henry Clay's son Thomas Hart Clay in 1837. Many letters pass between Henry and Charlotte, and later her daughter Mary, especially when he is away in Washington as Secretary of State and Senator. In 1840 Thomas Hart Clay and Waldemar Mentelle, Jr. form a partnership in the hemp business, but suffer such a financial loss in 1842 that Henry Clay is forced to mortgage Ashland. Waldemar Sr. publishes articles on agriculture and equine medicine. In letters to friends, both Charlotte and Waldemar look back on their years in Gallipolis as the happiest, or at least the most carefree, of their lives. He dies in 1846.

Much of the ensuing discussion will focus on the working-out of structural sequences, first within individual houses or parts of houses, then within the insula as a whole. As a preface to this discussion, it is necessary to give a description of the building materials and techniques found in the insula. Brief surveys of Pompeian building techniques have appeared in various publications. Still one of the most serviceable accounts is that of R. C. Carrington in his article ‘Notes on the building materials of Pompeii” published in 1933, and most of the forms of construction found in I10 are discussed therein. First, the materials. The commonest is the socalled ‘Sarno stone’ (often inaccurately called limestone’), a yellowish white calcareous tufa which is very rough and porous, being riddled with the imprints of shells and vegetable matter; it is used both in large blocks to form quoins and the like and in smaller rubble for facing and infilling of all types. Next most common is a hard grey (trachytic) lava which is stronger and more water resistant than Sarno stone but which, because it is less easy to cut into regular shapes, is generally employed in the form of small rubble. An exception to this rule is its use for door thresholds, where its hardness is well suited to withstanding wear and tear. Rather less common in our insula is the red or purple vesicular lava known as cruma (English “scoria”), derived from the frothy upper crust of consolidated lava streams; it is occasionally cut into small blocks but more normally occurs as a sporadic material in rubble wall-facings where Sarno stone and grey lava predominate. The other main lithic materials found in the insula are varieties of tufo (tuff), formed by the consolidation of volcanic ashes. The brown or grey tuff from Nuceria (modern Nocera) is a hard and close-grained material containing darker brown or blackish specks. It can be easily cut to shape when freshly exposed in the quarry but hardens later on contact with the air, so is ideally suited for producing ashlar blocks, small tufelli (blocks of similar size to modern house bricks) and the pyramidal pieces used in reticulate work (opus reticulaium: see below), not to mention carved detail such as column and pilaster capitals.

With the anticipation of Positive Train Control (PTC), as well as many other advanced rail applications, a modern end-to-end communication network infrastructure has become an essential requirement for the North American railroad industry. One focus area is on wireless technologies for track-side and yard deployments. Among the available broadband technologies, Mobile WiMAX has emerged as the most favorable solution for deployment in such an environment. It provides high throughput, large coverage and the support for many diverse applications, with attractive features like seamless handover, Quality-of-Service (QoS), the recovery from packet loss through mechanisms like Hybrid-Automatic Repeat reQuest (H-ARQ) and vehicular mobility support. In this paper, we provide an overview of our research endeavors in evaluating Mobile WiMAX. We discuss our design and implementation of Mobile WiMAX computer model based on Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), which can simulate sophisticated scenarios frequently encountered by the railcars. We describe our experience in setting up our WiMAX testbeds in Ashland, NE and Logan, IA, utilizing the infrastructure from BNSF and UP in those locations, respectively. Since our test beds serve as prototypes, similar design principles can be applied for the eventual large-scale nationwide network deployment by the railroad industry. Furthermore, we present laboratory and field test results that clearly validate our design principles and demonstrates the advantages of Mobile WiMAX deployments for railroad operations.

A Borelex, Inc. Power Plant in Ashland, Maine had a need to evaluate their Surface Condenser. The unit had 27 tubes that were previously plugged. The unit had steam impingement troubles in the past and the plant wanted to focus the inspection in this area. The condenser contains 6,084 tubes that are 7/8″ OD, 0.049″ wall, 303″ long, admiralty brass. The plant decided to use the Eddy Current Technique (ECT) to inspect 600 tubes. The condenser uses local river water. TesTex told the plant the unit could be inspected and a color-coded tube sheet map showing the results could be completed in one shift. The contractor arrived at the plant at 7 am. The crew went through the usual plant indoctrination and safety training. Testing on the condenser using an Air-Assist System, the contractor was able to inspect the 600 tubes, perform analysis, and present a color-coded tube sheet map by 5 pm. A total of nine tubes showed wall thinning greater than 60%, which were recommended for plugging. The preliminary report provided listed the flaw locations and whether the defects were located on the I.D. or O.D. of the tube. In addition to this inspection, the plant also performed a hydro-pressure test to find any additional tube leaks. A few more tube leaks were found in areas that were not inspected with eddy current. These leaks along with the 9 tubes recommended for plugging were plugged. Prior to this inspection the plant felt the issues with the condenser were leaks in the joint between the tube and the tubesheet, where the tube has been rolled. The inspection showed the most severe wall losses found were on the O.D. of the tubes at various locations along the length of the tube. The tubes with wall losses less than 60% showed I.D. thinning at various places along the length of the tube. The effects of the tube plugging were that the water chemistry is better than ever and the vacuum pressure is higher than before.

Building techniques in the medieval walls of AlmeríaAlmería was one of the most important cities in al-Andalus, a circumstance that was possible thanks to the strength of its port. Its foundation as an urban entity during the Caliphate of Córdoba originated a typical scheme of an Islamic city organized by a medina and a citadel, both walled. Subsequent city’s growths, due to the creation of two large suburbs commencing in the eleventh century, also received defensive works, creating a system of fortifications that was destined to defend the place during the rest of the Middle Ages. In this work we will analyse the construction techniques used in these military works, which cover a wide period from the beginning of the tenth century until the end of the fifteenth century. Although ashlar stone was used in the Caliphate fortification, in most of these constructions bricklayer techniques were used, more modest but very useful. In this way, the masonry and rammed earth technique were predominant, giving rise to innumerable constructive phases that in recent times are being studied with archaeological methodology, thus to know better their evolution and main characteristics.