Academic literature on the topic 'ASHRAE Standard 55'
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Journal articles on the topic "ASHRAE Standard 55"
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O. Efeoma, Meshack, and Ola Uduku. "Assessing thermal comfort and energy efficiency in tropical African offices using the adaptive approach." Structural Survey 32, no. 5 (November 4, 2014): 396–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-03-2014-0015.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to adduce the most appropriate thermal comfort assessment method for determining human thermal comfort and energy efficient temperature control in office buildings in tropical West Africa. Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines the Adaptive Thermal Comfort Standard, from its research evolution to its contemporary use as an environmental design assessment Standard. It compares the adaptive component of ASHRAE Standard 55 and the European CEN/EN 15251. It begins by reviewing relevant literature and then produces a comparative analysis of the two standards, before suggesting the most appropriate Adaptive Thermal Comfort Standard for use in assessing conditions in tropical climate conditions. The suggested Standard was then used to analyse data collected from the author's pilot research into thermal conditions, in five office buildings situated in the city of Enugu, South Eastern Nigeria. Findings – The paper provides insight as to why the ASHRAE adaptive model is more suitable for thermal comfort assessment of office buildings in the tropical West African climate. This was demonstrated by using the ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Standard to assess comfort conditions from pilot research study data collected on Nigerian office buildings by the author. Originality/value – The paper compares the adaptive component of ASHRAE Standard 55 with CEN/EN 15251, and their different benefits for use in tropical climates. It suggested the need for further research studies and application of the ASHRAE Adaptive Thermal Comfort Standard in the tropical West African climate.
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de Dear, Richard J., and Gail S. Brager. "Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings: revisions to ASHRAE Standard 55." Energy and Buildings 34, no. 6 (July 2002): 549–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7788(02)00005-1.
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Muhammad, Nadzir, and Wafirul Aqli. "Kajian Thermal Performance pada Gymnasium UI, Depok." Arsir 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/arsir.v4i2.2924.
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Dewasa ini bangunan dengan bentang lebar seperti gedung pameran, bandara, convention center, bangunan olahraga, stasiun, semakin banyak dibangun di Indonesia, sebagian besar merupakan bangunan fasilitas publik yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam menunjang aktifitas masyarakat modern. Maka bangunan jenis ini perlu dirancang dengan sebaik mungkin, diantaranya ditandai dengan kenyamanan pengguna bangunan, serta kelayakan bangunan sebagai sarana umum. Thermal performance telah menarik perhatian bagi manusia dari semenjak manusia membuat tempat penampungan pertama yang dibangun untuk melindungi kita dari cuaca, musuh alami, dan bahaya lainnya. Kemajuan lebih lanjut dalam studi tentang thermal performance terjadi bersamaan dengan pengembangan ilmu bangunan sebagai suatu disiplin ilmu, dan dengan pengenalan komputasi personal (khususnya simulasi komputer) di lapangan. Untuk mengukur thermal performance yang pada kajian ini dikhususkan pada bangunan olahraga indoor secara kredibel, harus menggunakan prosedur pengukuran performa yang terstandarisasi internasional. Standar pengukuran yang sering digunakan adalah ASHRAE standard 55. ASHRAE standard 55 ini mengidentifikasi apa saja yang harus diukur, bagaimana pengukurannya, dan seberapa sering diukur melihat kenyamanan bangunan tersebut terhadap penggunanya.
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Schiavon, Stefano, Tyler Hoyt, and Alberto Piccioli. "Web application for thermal comfort visualization and calculation according to ASHRAE Standard 55." Building Simulation 7, no. 4 (December 27, 2013): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12273-013-0162-3.
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Abdul Rashid, Fahanim, Norafida Ab Ghaffar, Asrul Mahjuddin Ressang Aminuddin, and Muhammad Azzam Ismail. "Review of Thermal Performance: A Terrace House in Melaka, Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 851 (August 2016): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.851.791.
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A field study of residents’ thermal comfort in a naturally ventilated intermediate single storey terrace house was carried out at Merlimau, Melaka. An intermediate single storey terrace house was chosen as a case study and indoor thermal condition measurements were recorded for three days. The indoor ambient temperature, relative humidity and air speed were measured using on-site monitoring equipment to evaluate the thermal performance of this house. A questionnaire survey was also conducted involving all occupants to determine their thermal comfort perception of the same case study house. The aim of this study is to analyse the indoor thermal condition of an intermediate single storey terrace house in order to propose architectural features to climatically adapt to the local climate. In naturally ventilated condition, results showed that this house is thermally uncomfortable and the indoor thermal condition was between 2.7°C to 5.9°C higher than suggested temperatures stipulated in ASHRAE Standard 55. Consistently, five out of eight occupants or less than 80% of occupants voted the house as thermally acceptable according to ASHRAE Standard 55.
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Fabozzi, Michael, and Alessandro Dama. "Field study on thermal comfort in naturally ventilated and air-conditioned university classrooms." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 6 (November 12, 2019): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19887481.
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Maintaining a satisfactory thermal environment is of primary importance, especially when the goal is to maximize learning such as in schools or universities. This paper presents a field study conducted in Milan during summer 2017 in 16 classrooms of Politecnico di Milano, including both naturally ventilated (NV) and air-conditioned (AC) environments. This study asked 985 students to report their thermal perception and their responses were evaluated according to the measured thermal comfort parameters to assess the prediction as given by Fanger and adaptive models, according to ANSI/ASHRAE 55-2017 and EN 15251:2007 standards. Furthermore, an analysis regarding potential effects of gender in comfort perception was performed. The results confirmed the fitness of Fanger’s model for the prediction of occupants’ thermal sensations in AC classrooms with a reasonable accuracy. In NV classrooms, the Adaptive model was proven to be suitable for predicting students’ comfort zone according to ASHRAE 55 Standard, while the adaptive comfort temperatures recommended by EN 15251 were not acceptable for a large number of students. No significant differences in thermal comfort perception between genders have been observed, except for two NV classrooms in which females’ thermal sensation votes had resulted closer to neutrality in comparison to males, who expressed a warmer thermal sensation.
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Mareed, Wisam M., and Hasanen M. Hussen. "Numerical and Experimental Modeling of Indoor Air Quality Inside a Conditioned Space with Mechanical Ventilation and DX-Air Conditioner." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 9A (September 25, 2020): 1257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i9a.875.
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Elevated CO2 rates in a building affect the health of the occupant. This paper deals with an experimental and numerical analysis conducted in a full-scale test room located in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Technology. The experiments and CFD were conducted for analyzing ventilation performance. It is a study on the effect of the discharge airflow rate of the ceiling type air-conditioner on ventilation performance in the lecture room with the mixing ventilation. Most obtained findings show that database and questionnaires analyzed prefer heights between 0.2 m to 1.2 m in the middle of an occupied zone and breathing zone height of between 0.75 m to 1.8 given in the literature surveyed. It is noticed the mismatch of internal conditions with thermal comfort, and indoor air quality recommended by [ASHRAE Standard 62, ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 55-2010]. CFD simulations have been carried to provide insights on the indoor air quality and comfort conditions throughout the classroom. Particle concentrations, thermal conditions, and modified ventilation system solutions are reported.
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Candido, Christhina, and Richard de Dear. "From thermal boredom to thermal pleasure: a brief literature review." Ambiente Construído 12, no. 1 (March 2012): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212012000100006.
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The most recent review of the ASHRAE Standard 55 (2010) incorporates the dialectic between static and adaptive approaches to thermal comfort by proposing different recommendations for airconditioned and naturally ventilated buildings. Particularly in naturally ventilated buildings, this standard aligns with three important topics in research field of thermal comfort during the last decades: (i) air movement enhancement versus draft, (ii) control availability and its impact on occupants' satisfaction, and (iii) the search for thermal pleasure. This paper presents the rationale behind these three research topics and discusses its positive influence when moving from thermal comfort towards thermal pleasure.
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Silva, Arthur Santos, Enedir Ghisi, and Roberto Lamberts. "Performance evaluation of long-term thermal comfort indices in building simulation according to ASHRAE Standard 55." Building and Environment 102 (June 2016): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.03.004.
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Hwang, Reuy-Lung, Chen Chen-Peng, Feng-Yi Lin, Wen-Mei Shih, and Kuo-Tsang Huang. "Applicability of ASHRAE Standard 55 and EN 15251 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Models in Hot-and-Humid Climate." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 3442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-2-12-01.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "ASHRAE Standard 55"
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Piccioli, Alberto. "Thermal comfort visualizations and design strategies on web-based tool for ashrae 55 standard calculations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5486/.
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Valadão, Júlia Barros. "Avaliação do conforto térmico de uma biblioteca universitária pela ASHRAE Standard 55 e EN 15251." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2011. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3765.
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Previous issue date: 2011-09-29Since 2001 energy crisis, Brazil searches to rationalize it's energetic usage, one of the objects used to reach this goal is the creation of minimum level of energetic efficiency. This process, first initiated in 2009 with electric appliances, has reached a new status when included buildings in the Programa Brasileiro de Etiquetagem (Brazilian Tagging Program), as can be verified in Regulamento Técnico da Qualidade do Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edifício Comerciais de Serviços Públicos [Technical Norm of Energetic Efficiency Level in Commercial, Services and Public Buildings] (RTQ-C). Although RTQ-C allows the measurement of efficiency levels in buildings, it does not guarantee the higrothermal comfort levels, because it remains silent about this subject, thus maintaining the national tradition of inexistent norms in this area. Begining with the exposed facts, this study objectives were to compare higrothermal comfort levels between ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55, ISO 7730 and 15251 norms, through a case study using the Biblioteca Central of Universidade Federal de Viçosa-MG, pointing out the differences in those norms. The research was performed in four different stages: in loco measurements of the building in three separate seasons of the year, in order to collect higrothermal conditions in summer, autumn and winter; the pre-modeling tests, which verified the possibility of simplification of the library modeling in order to keep, while in simulation, higrothermal conditions similar to those in the real building; the validation of the model through simulations, which had alterations in parameters of the reference archetype, comparing the exiting data to the ones measured in the place in a way to approach environmental manifestation found in the real building; at last it was defined a level scale of thermal comfort, that made possible the comparison between the different norms. The main results obtained, in this research: a) not occur on the premises considered, the environments in conditions that meet the human needs of comfort and hygrothermal conservation bibliographic b) realization of the possibility of use in Brazil, comfort scale for assessment of proposed buildings, existing in EN 15251, therefore, to be more restrictive would allow the improvement of the quality of buildings in this regard.
Desde a crise de energia de 2001, o Brasil busca racionalizar o seu consumo energético, utilizando, como um dos instrumentos para atingir essa finalidade, a criação de níveis mínimos de eficiência energética. Esse processo, iniciado com os eletrodomésticos, galgou novo patamar ao incluir as edificações no Programa Brasileiro de Etiquetagem, em 2009, conforme se verifica pelo Regulamento Técnico da Qualidade do Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edifícios Comerciais de Serviços e Públicos (RTQ-C). Embora o RTQ-C permita que se mensure o nível de eficiência das edificações, não garante os índices de conforto higrotérmico, já que silente nesse aspecto, mantendo-se, assim, a tradição nacional de inexistência de regulamentação nessa matéria. Partindo desses fatos, o presente estudo objetivou comparar os níveis de conforto higrotérmico entre as normas ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55 e EN 15251, tendo como estudo de caso a Biblioteca Central da Universidade Federal de Viçosa-MG, apontando as diferenças entre os seus resultados. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro etapas principais: a realização de medições in loco da edificação em três épocas do ano, para coleta das condições higrotérmicas de verão, outono e inverno; a realização dos testes pré-modelagem, em que se verificou a possibilidade de simplificação da modelagem da biblioteca para manter, na simulação, condições higrotérmicas semelhantes ao edifício real; a validação do modelo mediante simulações em que se alteraram parâmetros no arquétipo referência, comparando-se os dados de saída aos medidos no local, de forma a se aproximar das manifestações ambientais encontradas no edifício real; e, finalmente, definição de uma escala de níveis de conforto térmico, o que viabilizou a comparação entre as normas. Como principais resultados obtidos, tem-se: a) não ocorrência, no edifício analisado, de ambientes em condições que satisfazem as necessidades humanas de conforto higrotérmico e as de conservação do acervo bibliográfico; b) constatação da possibilidade de uso, no Brasil, da escala de conforto proposta para avaliação das edificações, existente na EN 15251, pois, por ser mais restritiva, viabilizaria a melhoria da qualidade das construções neste aspecto.
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Motsatsi, Lorato. "The development and critical evaluation of learner thermal comfort protocol for applicability to two primary schools in Mamelodi, City of Tshwane." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/48952.
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The purpose of this study is to develop a Learner Thermal Comfort Protocol (LTCP) for the assessment of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated public school classrooms occupied by primary learners aged between 7 and 14 years and to establish whether there is a relationship between the thermal comfort standards (ASHRAE 55-2004 and ISO 7730-2005) and the learners’ perception thereof.
The study tests the LTCP on two primary school case studies in Mamelodi Township, City of Tshwane (CoT), South Africa, by following the adaptive or field study method to collect quantitative data from the classroom and the learners. The classrooms’ actual temperature is measured and recorded by HOBO pendant data loggers while the learners’ thermal comfort perception is surveyed using questionnaires. The actual classroom indoor temperatures are compared to the ASHRAE 55 and ISO 7730 standard temperature range recommendations of ±22°C to ±27°C, based on the heat balance model, and ±20°C to ±27°C temperature range based on the context related adaptive model.
To establish whether there is a relationship between standards and learners’ perception, the learners’ perception results are compared to the predicted percentage that occupants would find acceptable.
This predicted percentage is based on the heat balance model (i.e. 80%) and adaptive model (i.e. 80% - 90%).
The results indicate that the indoor temperature range did not meet the recommended temperature range of either of the thermal comfort models. However, the thermal perception scale shows that the indoor temperatures were accepted by most of the learners. A relationship between the learners’ perception, the thermal comfort standards’ recommended temperature range and predicted percentage of acceptance was established. However, a wider temperature range is suggested for the thermal comfort assessment of classrooms located in the South African climate.
This study will contribute to the body of knowledge on thermal comfort in schools and provide the Department of Basic Education (DBE) with an assessment tool for the evaluation of school classroom indoor environments.Dissertation (MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
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Books on the topic "ASHRAE Standard 55"
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Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy: Ansi/Ashrae Standard 55-1992 Including Ansi/Ashrae Addendum 55A-1995 (Supersedes Ansi/Ashrae 55-1981) (Ashrae Standards, No 55-1992). Amer Society of Heating, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "ASHRAE Standard 55"
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Jiménez Cavieres, Rodolfo, Javier Carrasco Eade, and Camilo Valdebenito Monsalve. "Evaluation of Well-Being and Thermal Comfort of the LAD-MA Construction System for Low-Cost Homes." In Sustainable Housing [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98699.
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This work is part of a research into the state of conservation and behavior of a group of self-built social housing. The construction, which dates from 1990, was carried out with an original low-cost construction system that uses clay and wood bricks called LAD-MA. This was implemented by the NGO Urban Technical Assistance Center “Taller Norte”, in the Peñalolén commune, Santiago de Chile, Metropolitan Region. The study focuses on the evaluation of well-being and thermal comfort in these homes, which is determined through environmental monitoring by meteorological stations installed for six months in 4 homes. It is established that the houses do not comply with the parameters set up by the international standards ISO 7730 and ASHRAE 55. For this, constructive solutions are proposed to thermally improve the current houses, and update the LAD-MA construction system to comply with the thermal Insulation standards stipulated for the Sustainable Housing Certification of the Ministry of Housing and Urbanism.
Conference papers on the topic "ASHRAE Standard 55"
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Al-Rawahi, Ahmed Khalfan, and Ali Al-Alili. "Indoor Air Quality of an Educational Building and its Effects on Occupants’ Comfort and Performance." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3601.
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Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) studies the air quality inside different types of environments and relates it to the health and comfort of occupants. Understanding and controlling common pollutants indoors can help in decreasing effects and the risks associated with these pollutants. Unhealthy indoor environment could lead to serious problems in people health and productivity. According to ASHRAE, 80–90% of personal time is spent indoors. As a result, indoor air pollution has gained a lot of interest and the number of studies on occupant health inside buildings grew very significantly in the last decades. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of indoor air quality inside an educational buildings on occupants’ comfort and performance. Various indoor pollutant such as, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Volatile organic compounds, Particulates, and formaldehyde, are measured. The indoor air contaminants will be detected using IAQ measurement devices. The value of the pollutants is compared to maximum allowed values in ASHRAE standard 62.1. In addition, the occupant thermal comfort is reported using two indices which are Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD). The relationship between the performance and the indoor air quality is also discussed. The results will discover the sources of the indoor air pollutants and accordingly suggestions will be given toward improving the indoor air quality. The final results showed that the IAQ is generally in a good condition for the majority of classrooms except for the TVOC which was always at high concentrations. Also, for some classrooms, the CO2 level and the relative humidity were exceeding the maximum limit. Regarding the thermal comfort, all the classrooms do not comply with ASHRAE Standard 55-2013. Therefore, they are not thermally comfortable.
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Combs, Lonn, and Filip Tejchman. "Visioning Energy: Environmental Simulation, Visualization and the Instrumental Nature of Energy." In AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.16.5.
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A glance at the recent history of the evolving conceptual relationship between energy and building related disciplines, reveals the coextensive emergence of tools and crisis. Whether economic, environmental, technological or cultural, these conditions are shadowed by an analogous — and exponential — leap in the power of computing along with a reciprocal decline in its cost (Figure1). Moreover, it is not a coincidence that the progressive growth of computation based tools used in the evaluation of interior atmospheres is paralleled by similar historic benchmarks in twentieth-century environmentalism. First adopted in 1965, the ASHRAE Standard 55 (Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy), for example, established a metric for indoor thermal comfort, and arrived during an era which saw the first energy crisis and also began to consider the impact of buildings within ecologies.
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Litardo, Jaqueline, José Macías, Rubén Hidalgo-León, Maria Gabriela Cando, and Guillermo Soriano. "Measuring the Effect of Local Commercial Roofing Samples on the Thermal Behavior of a Social Interest Dwelling Located in Different Climates in Ecuador." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11472.
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Abstract This paper presents an assessment of the effect of the solar reflectance of roofing assemblies on the thermal behavior of a social interest dwelling model located in six representative cities in Ecuador. The model house complies the Ecuadorian building standard. The solar reflectances of 23 local commercial roofing samples were measured following the E1918A Procedure. The thermal behavior of the dwelling was simulated in EnergyPlus. The models use input data, such as: loads and schedules, provided by previous studies on social dwellings. The hours of thermal discomfort based on ASHRAE Standard 55-2013 adaptive model were obtained for each case by varying the experimental solar reflectance of the roofing sample and meteorological data for each hourly time step calculation. Results indicated that the 1808001-50 sample provided between 3240 to 5524 discomfort hours in all cases, being the most suitable roofing assembly for all studied cities due to its higher solar reflectance.
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Springer, Zachary, and M. Keith Sharp. "The Potential of Night Sky Radiation for Humidity Control." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49138.
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Ambient energy sources, including ambient air, ground and night sky, have potential for space cooling. The night sky offers the lowest temperature and, therefore, the greatest potential across most of the US. Compared to a previous analysis that considered only the sensible cooling load, the objective of this new project was to evaluate the potential of night-sky radiation (NSR) to also serve the latent cooling load. ASHRAE standard 55 was used to establish the comfort limits (22°C for room temperature and 60% relative humidity). Condensation was evaluated as the mechanism for humidity reduction, thus the dew-point temperature, 13.9°C, corresponding to the ASHRAE limits was the maximum target temperature for night-sky cooling. Typical meteorological year (TMY3) weather data was used for eleven locations representing ASHRAE climate zones. Building heat gain, infiltration/ventilation requirements and night-sky radiator size were characterized by a load-to-radiator ratio LRR defined as the infiltration/ventilation volume flow rate times the ratio of building floor area to radiator area. Three values of LRR were evaluated: 0.35, 3.5 and 35 m/hr. Three thermal storage cases were considered: 1. Annual NSR cooling potential (seasonal storage), 2. Diurnal storage, and 3. The minimum storage capacity to serve the entire annual load, as well as the effects of capacity less than the minimum. To evaluate the effect of night-sky radiator temperature on storage capacity, six NSR temperatures Trad = 13.9 to −26.1°C were tested. Results showed that even in Miami, FL (the most challenging climate evaluated), annual NSR potential exceeded the total sensible and latent cooling load, at least for the lowest LRR and highest Trad. For diurnal storage, NSR could serve less than 20% of the load in the hot and humid southeast, but the entire load in the mountain west. The minimum storage capacity to meet the entire annual load corresponds to the capacity required to bridge the span of time without NSR availability during which the largest cooling load occurs. This capacity decreases with decreasing LRR and decreasing Trad. For the southeast, large capacity is required, but for Louisville, for instance, sufficient capacity is provided by the equivalent of as little as 0.05 m of water over the floor area of the building for LRR = 0.35 m/hr. These results demonstrate that for much of the US, night-sky radiation has the potential to serve the entire annual sensible and latent cooling load.
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Hutzel, William J., and Oluwaseun Seun Odukomaiya. "Optimizing Comfort and Energy Use in Reheat Systems." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90139.
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This project investigated the relationship between energy use and human thermal comfort in a small commercial single zone VAV system with reheat. The reheat configuration is not optimal in terms of energy efficiency, but there are a large number of these systems installed; thus there is a need for improved operating strategies to reduce waste. This project was conducted in the Midwest U.S.; where cooling and dehumidification are needed during the summer. Data on electricity use by the reheat system was collected on days that met or exceeded the 2% summer design condition. Additional data on environmental conditions inside the building zone was also collected and put into a model for predicting occupant comfort. To extend the range of the project, a building energy simulation for the reheat system was developed and calibrated. The calibrated model was used to estimate energy/comfort trends over a broader range of indoor operating conditions. This experiment shows that electricity consumption for a single zone VAV system with reheat can be significantly reduced while satisfying the thermal comfort needs of over 90% of the building’s occupants by offsetting a lower dry-bulb temperature set point with correspondingly higher zone humidity. In other words, reheat systems can optimize energy and occupant comfort by operating at set points in the upper middle segment of the comfort zone from ASHRAE Standard 55.
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Seyednezhad, Mohadeseh, and Hamidreza Najafi. "An Assessment of Thermal Comfort for Thermoelectric-Based Radiant Cooling Systems: A Numerical Investigation." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63980.
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Abstract Studying various innovative cooling/heating technologies as alternatives to vapor-compression refrigeration cycles has received growing attention over the last few years. Thermoelectric (TE) systems are among the promising emerging technologies in this category. In the present paper, numerical modeling and analysis is performed using COMSOL Multiphysics to assess the performance of a thermoelectric (TE)-based radiant cooling ceiling panel on the thermal comfort in a test chamber. The system consists of a rectangular test chamber (∼ 1.2 m × 1.2 m × 1.5 m) with a ceiling panel fabricated on the center of the ceiling (0.6 m × 0.6 m × 0.002 m). Four TE modules are installed on the backside of the ceiling panel producing a cooling effect to maintain the ceiling temperature at the desired level. The lowered temperature of the ceiling panel allows heat exchange through radiation and convection. A spherical object is used to model a globe thermometer (GT) and capture the mean radiant temperature inside of the chamber. The variation of mean radiant temperature and operative temperature versus time are assessed under natural convection, and the comfort level is evaluated using the PMV method based on ASHRAE Standard 55. Design challenges, such as temperature limitation to the dew point temperature, among others, will be discussed. The result of this study provides insights regarding the expected thermal comfort from TE-based radiant cooling systems under various conditions.
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Wark, Christopher. "Natural Ventilation Design Using CFD." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36199.
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In an effort to make buildings healthier and more energy efficient, architects are increasingly incorporating natural ventilation into their design strategies in order to take advantage of free, available wind power. The extent to which natural ventilation can replace forced ventilation in a given building depends on the local climate and specific site utilization. The ASHRAE Standards 55 and 62.1 that cover natural ventilation establish minimal requirements for climate and building openings but also concede that the ultimate responsibility for proving the effectiveness of this technique lies with the design team and the specific requirements of local codes. But how does a design team prove that air is flowing according to plan without actually creating the structure and taking measurements? Only two possibilities exist — regard each room as a very large ratio conduit and apply conventional equations to those spaces, or do a 3-dimensional numerical analysis of the flow path. Numerical analysis, known as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), is now being recognized as the only reliable way to predict natural airflow through a building and assure that adequate air quality and comfort is provided at all points of each room before construction begins. CFD computer programs allow designers to divide a volume into a large number of small regions and calculate the air and heat transfer between each region, minimizing the assumption-related errors that would otherwise occur. Minimizing computational error at the beginning of the design process reduces the risk of costly post-construction order changes that can occur as substandard air quality is discovered. CFD software can vary in its level of sophistication. While the most basic Navier-Stokes heat and mass transfer equations are essential and can be of great use, a proper natural ventilation analysis tool should include calculations for buoyancy, turbulent convection, and the ability to do open boundary modeling. Other features such as local solar loading and transient analysis are also desirable. A comprehensive CFD package can be particularly useful for modeling the complex airflow found in mixed-mode designs and identifying regions of stagnant air, high heat loss or gain, short-circuited airflow, and other conditions that inhibit good building performance and limit the potential for sustainability.