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Majoka, Hashir. "Islam and the Turkic Tajik symbiosis in Central Asia." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111583.
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This thesis explores two factors that have been instrumental in the evolution of society and ethnic and national identities in southern Central Asia. It is argued that the development of these identities (and the obstacles encountered in the process) are closely linked to the place of Islam in central Asian society, and the delicate ethnic balance between the Turkic and the Iranian cultural spheres -- which also manifested itself as the symbiosis between sedentary-agrarian and nomadic populations. It was the disruption of these two factors under Soviet rule which led to lasting problems that continue to bedevil the region to this day.
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Wong, Swee Fong Languages & Linguistics Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Memoir-writing and the post-colonial Southeast Asian subject and across three languages, two lands: a life narrative." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Languages & Linguistics, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40752.
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This dissertation consists of a critical component, 'Memoir-Writing and the Post-Colonial Southeast Asian Subject' and a creative piece titled Across Three Languages, Two Lands: A Life Narrative. Critical Component: Stuart Hall's definition of the individual as a subject underpins the critical component of my dissertation. Hall, working with Foucault's concept of subjectivity, states that 'the subject is produced within discourse ... It must submit to its rules and conventions, to its dispositions of power/knowledge' (Hall, 1997a, p. 55). For the purpose of this dissertation, I focus on cultural and social influences that impact on the post-colonial subject of Southeast Asia during the time period covered in the life narrative. In terms of cultural discourse, I investigate the adoption of English over the individual's native language, and by inference culture, as one's first language. In the area of social discourse, I look into the influence of nationalism in the context of Malaysia and Singapore. My investigation is carried out through an analysis of Maxine Hong Kingston's Woman Warrior. The Return by K.S. Maniam and Among the White Moonfaces by Shirley Lim. Through the creative component, I strive to do two things: narrate a personal story and in it, portray aspects of social history. The critical essay provides explanations for a more cogent reading of the life story. In addition the essay brings another facet of understanding to the postcolonial experience, one from the Southeast Asian point of view. Creative Component: Across Three Languages, Two Lands: A Life Narrative is the life story of the protagonist, Leong Kah Yan. Yan was born into a traditional Cantonese/Chinese family and grew up in newly independent, post-colonial Malaysia, in the 1960s and 1970s. Being Chinese and educated in English resulted in her subsequent marginalisation when Malaysia switched to privileging the Malays in the country's version of nationalism. Her migration to Singapore in the late 1970s coincided with the country plunging into vigorous nation-building and brought questions of delineation between nation and self. In addition, there was also the personal struggle between the role of English and her native language and culture in her life. Coming to terms with all these factors brought resolution to a certain degree. With awareness that each factor had left an indelible mark on her identity, Van's reconciliation is a middle ground where the individual is comfortable amidst communal and nationalistic demands. Reference Hall, S. (1997a) The Work of Representation. IN HALL, S. (Ed.) Representation: Cultural Representations & Signifying Practices. London, Sage Publications.
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Johnson, Erika Diane. "Stealing the enemy's Gods : an exploration of the phenomenon of Godnap in Ancient Western Asia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3187/.
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When an ancient Near Eastern city was besieged and looted the statues and cultic appurtenances of the gods were often confiscated by the conquerors. Their loss was more than a heavy blow to the defeated people: the statue was the god‘s representation on earth and watched over and protected the city so his abandonment of his city was thought to have a lasting devastating effect. From the point of view of the conqueror the statue could be used not only as a tool of intimidation but for bribery and a crude form of diplomacy and as propaganda for his might and glory. In this thesis the history of the phenomenon of godnap is explored for the first time and there is also an investigation of related problems in religion and cultural history. At the outset a detailed investigation of the numinous character of an ancient Mesopotamian statue is given including an account of the ritual that imbued it with this divine quality. Special attention is given to Marduk of Babylon and the episodes in which even he found himself the victim of theft. The thesis includes an excursus on evocatio and parallels between Hittite and ancient Roman practices are drawn.
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Biles, Annabel, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Envisioning Indochina: the spatial and social ordering and imagining of a French colony." Deakin University, 1997. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050815.113440.
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The emergence of Indochina in the French imagination was articulated in both representational and institutional modes. Representation involves the transmission of colonial ideals through more obtuse means; that is, through literary texts, travelogues, exhibitions, film and advertising. However, these textual sites feed from and invest in a material situation, which was the institutional arm of colonialism. Indochina was institutionally articulated in cartographic maps and surveys, in the new social spaces of cities and towns, in architectural and technological forms, through social technologies of discipline and welfare and in cultural and religious organisations. The aim of this thesis is to analyse, across a number of textual sites, the representation and institutionalisation of Otherness through the politics of space in the French colony of Indochina, Indochine in this sense becomes a spatial discourse. The French constructed a mental and physical space for Indochina by blanketing and suffocating the original cultural landscape, which in fact had to be ignored for this process to occur. What actually became manifest as a result of this projection stemmed from the French imagination.
Just as the French manipulated space, language also underwent the same process of reduction. The Vietnamese script was latinised to make it more 'useable' and accessible. Through christening the union of Indochina; initiating a comprehensive writing reform; and renaming the streets in the colonial cities, the French used language us another tool for 'making transparent'. Furthermore, the colonial powers established a communication and transport network throughout the colony in an attempt to materialise their fictive (artificial) vision of a unified French Indochinese space. The accessibility and design of these different modes of transport reflected the gendered, racial and class divisions inherent in the colonial establishment.
At the heart of representing and institutionalising Indochina was the desire to control and contain. This characterised French imperial ordering of space in the city and the rural areas. In rural areas land was divided into small parcels and alienated to individuals or worked into precise grids for the rubber plantation. In urban centres the native quarter was clearly demarcated from the European quarter which functioned as its modern, progressive Other. The rationale behind this segregation was premised on European, nineteenth century discourses of race, class, gender and hygiene. Influenced by Darwinian and neo-Lamarkian theories of race, this biological discourse identified the 'working class', 'women' and 'the native' as not only biologically but also culturally inferior. They were perceived as a potential, degenerative threat to the biological, cultural and industrial development of the nation. In the colonial context, space was thus ordered and domesticated to control the native population. Coextensively, the literature which springs from such a structure will be tainted by the same ideas, and thus the spaces it formulates within the readers mind feed on and reinforce this foundation.
Examples of gender and indigenous narratives which contest this imaginative, transparent topography are analysed throughout this thesis. They provide instances of struggle and resistance which undermine the ideal/stereotypical level of architectural and planned space and delineate an alternative insight into colonial spatial and social relations. The fictional accounts of European women and indigenous writers both challenge and reaffirm the fixity of some of these idealised colonial boundaries.
In various literary, historical, political, architectural and cinematic discourses Indochina has been und continues to be depicted as a modern city and exotic Utopia. Informed by the mood of nostalgia, exotic images of Indochina have resurfaced in contemporary French culture. France's continued desire to create, control and maintain an Indochinese space in the French public imagination reinforces the multi-layered, interconnected and persistent nature of colonial discourse.
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Rogersdotter, Elke. "The Forgotten : an Approach on Harappan Toy Artefacts." Licentiate thesis, Umeå University, Archaeology and Sami Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-733.
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<p>This thesis proposes an alternative perspective to the general neglect of toy materials from deeper analysis in archaeology. Based on a study of selected toy artefacts from the Classical Harappan settlement at Bagasra, Gujarat, it suggests a viable way of approaching the objects when considering them within a theoretical framework highlighting their social aspects. The study agrees with objections in e.g. parts of gender archaeology and research on children in archaeology to the extrapolating from the marginalized child of the West onto past social structures. Departing from revised toy definitions formulated in disciplines outside archaeology, it proceeds with the objects’ toy identifications while rejecting a ‘transforming’ of these into other interpretations. Thus entering a quite unexplored research field, grounded theory is used as working method. As the items indicate a regulated pattern, the opinion on toy artefacts as randomly scattered around becomes questioned. Using among others the <i>capital</i> concept by Bourdieu, the notion of <i>micropower</i> by Foucault and parts of the newly developed ideas of <i>microarchaeology</i>, the toy-role of the artefacts is emphasized as crucial, enabling the items to express diverse social uses in addition to their possible function as children’s (play)things. With this, the notion of the limiting connection of toys to playing children becomes unravelled, opening for a discussion on enlarged dimensions of the toys and a possible re-naming of them as the materialities of next generation. While suggesting the items to indicate various social strategies and structurating practices, the need for traditional boundaries and separated entities successively becomes eliminated. The traditionally stated toy obstacles with cultural loading and elusive distinctions can with this be proposed as constructions, possible to avoid. The toy concept simultaneously emerges as particularly useful in highlighting the notion of change and continuity within the social structure and children’s roles in this.</p>
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Lu, Zhiyong. "Decorative metallic threads of Famen temple silk : their categorization, application, and technology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30974/.
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This thesis surveys the ninth-century metallic threads decorating silks discovered at Famen temple in Shaanxi province, China. In this research, metallic threads decorating Famen silks have been studied and documented in detail in order to understand how they were produced and how they were applied. Samples of metallic threads were selected and optical microscope and SEM/EDS were used to determine their morphology and composition. Problems regarding the current terminology used to describe metallic threads are briefly considered, and a systematic renaming of different types of metallic threads is suggested. Analysis results show that most Famen metallic threads were made of gold strips without substrate wound around a fibrous core, and that very few are silver strips without substrate wound around a fibrous core. Silver strips with paper substrate wound around a fibrous core are found among Famen silks, providing very early examples of this type of metallic thread in the world. Technical evidence demonstrates that the Famen metallic strips were cut from hammered metallic foil. It was found that metallic threads of different metal composition with different physical characteristics were selected according to the decoration techniques used and the function of the silks. The use of metallic threads with different grades of evenness in dimension and morphology for different decoration techniques was also found. The gold contents of these gold threads are all very high, and the thicknesses of the gold strips are large. All these characteristics are probably related to the function of Famen silks as objects of Buddhist worship that had been donated to the temple by members of the Tang imperial family and other high-ranking people. Technical investigation into the manufacture of modern traditional Chinese metallic threads was carried out in this research. Combined with analysis of the morphological, structural, and material nature of Famen metallic threads, the key technical characteristics of modern traditional metallic threads were found, which provided important evidence for deducing the manufacturing techniques of Famen metallic threads. Successful reconstructive experiments that produced metallic threads similar to Famen metallic threads were carried out in the laboratory by the author. The use of other known related techniques to produce Famen metallic threads was eliminated on technical grounds. With the above evidence, the manufacturing of Famen metallic threads, especially how the metallic strips were wound around the fibrous core, are reasonably deduced here. By investigating a number of currently accessible Chinese historical metallic threads from other periods, the evolutionary principles of Chinese metallic threads are concluded. The special characteristics of Famen metallic threads, the reasons determining these characteristics are better understood, and their role in the development of Chinese metallic threads is assessed.
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Dominik, Carl James. "Confucianism in Europe: 1550-1780." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/475.
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Lu, Di Yin. "Seizing Civilization: Antiquities in Shanghai's Custody, 1949 – 1996." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10437.
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Seizing Civilization uses the Shanghai Museum as a case study to examine an extraordinary process of art appropriation that persisted from 1949 to 1996 in the People's Republic of China (PRC). At the heart of this story is the museum's destruction of the preexisting art market, its wholesale seizure of privately-owned antiquities, and its sale of these objects on the international market. My findings show that museum employees used these events to create public art collections in the PRC. The Shanghai Museum pioneered the techniques that Chinese museums use to transform craft objects, as well as select ancient paintings, ceramics, and bronzes, into canonized cultural relics. I argue that the application of these techniques explains the erasure of provenance at Chinese Museums, and demonstrate how state cultural institutions render acquisition ledgers, private collecting records, and connoisseurship disputes invisible. I examine cultural relics' transformation into Chinese cultural heritage in five chapters. I first demonstrate how museum employees appropriated private collections during nation-building campaigns such as the nationalization of industries (1956). Second, I investigate changes to the Chinese art historical canon, placing them in the context of art market takeovers, the wholesale acquisition of ethnic minority artifacts, as well as municipal programs in salvage archaeology. Then, in two chapters, I reveal the Shanghai Museum's active participation in antiquities confiscation and divestment during the Cultural Revolution (1966 – 1976), which enriched public art collections on a previously unprecedented scale. I conclude with an examination of the mass restitution of expropriated property in the 1980s and 90s, which underpinned the museum’s dual function as both a preservationist institution, as well as a political and commercial enterprise. The antiquities and events I analyze not only explain the ascendency of a dominant narrative about Chinese civilization, but also reveal the limits, contradictions, and challenges of PRC national patrimony.<br>History
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Asavaplungkul, Saisingha Monruedee. "Le Râmâyana dans les peintures du temple du Buddha d'Émeraude (Wat Phra Kèo) à Bangkok : sources, contexte, prolongements." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040049.
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Le Râmakîen est une des œuvres littéraires les plus importantes du royaume thaïlandais. Reprenant l’épopée indienne de Vâlmîki, le Râmâyana, il revêt une grande importance à la cour royale et sa popularité est considérable dans toute l’Asie du Sud-Est. Au Wat Phra Kèo, ses épisodes ont été intégralement illustrés sur le mur de la galerie. La thèse ne prend en compte que les parties figurant les dix incarnations de Viṣṇu et la naissance des dieux hindous et des personnages de l’épopée. Ces épisodes nous amènent au prélude du Râmakîen et l’étude s’arrête au moment du retour du roi Jânaka à Mithilâ. Il nous a fallu opérer des rapprochements entre ces peintures et le Tamrâ Thewarûp, les albums d’iconographie brahmanique, ainsi que le Tamrâ Thewapâng, recueil de légendes sur la naissance des dieux et les incarnations de Viṣṇu. Ces rapprochements étaient nécessaires car tous les épisodes représentés à Wat Phra Kèo ne sont pas racontés dans le Râmakîen tel que le relate la version du roi Râma I. L’omniprésence des scènes empruntées à l’épopée, en particulier celles des dix incarnations de Viṣṇu et des dieux hindous dans les temples importants de Bangkok fondés par les rois ou par leurs proches au début de la période de Ratanakosin, s’explique par la grande importance accordée par ces souverains à l’incarnation de Viṣṇu en Râma. Le royaume thaïlandais adopta par ailleurs les rites brahmaniques pratiqués à la cour khmère. Une récapitulation des témoignages iconographiques sur l’épopée au Cambodge, au Laos et au Myanmar complète notre étude<br>The Râmakîen is one of the most important literary works in Thailand. Derived from the Indian epic of Vâlmîki, it became very important at the royal Thai court, and is one of the most popular texts in South-East Asia. At Wat Phra Kèo its episodes are represented on the four sides of the gallery. This thesis aims to study the parts illustrating the ten incarnations of Viṣṇu, the birth of the Hindu Gods and the main characters of the Indian epic. These episodes lead us through the Râmakîen’s prelude and our study stops at the moment of King Jânaka’s return to Mithilâ, his kingdom. The comparison between the paintings, the Tamrâ Thewarûp, the iconographic albums of Hindu Gods and the Tamrâ Thewapâng (the book of legends containing the god’s creation and the ten incarnations of Viṣṇu) proved necessary to understand some of the painted scenes which do not relate to the Râmakîen, as told in the version composed by King Râma I. The omnipresence of a number of scenes borrowed from the epic (particularly the ten incarnation scenes of Viṣṇu and the Hindu God images) in the temples founded by the kings or their families around Bangkok’s Grand Palace can be explained by the great importance attributed by the sovereigns to the Râma avatâra of Viṣṇu. Besides, the Thai Kingdom borrowed from the Khmer court their Hindu rituals. A review of the Râmâyana images in Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar completes our study
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Yamoah, Kweku Kyei Afrifa. "A combined carbon and hydrogen isotope approach to reconstruct the SE Asian paleomonsoon : Impacts on the Angkor Civilization and links to paleolimnology." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-128736.
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Changes in monsoon patterns not only affect ecosystems and societies but also the global climate system in terms of heat energy and humidity transfer from the equator to higher latitudes. However, understanding the mechanisms that drive monsoon variability on longer timescales remains a challenge, partly due to sparse paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic data. This thesis, which contributes new hydroclimate data sets for the Asian monsoon region, seeks to advance our understanding of the mechanisms that contributed to Southeast Asian summer monsoon variability in the past. Moreover, it explores how past climatic conditions may have impacted societies and ecosystems. In this study lake sediment and peat sequences from northeastern and southern Thailand have been investigated using organic geochemistry, and more specifically the stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of specific biomarkers (n-alkanes, botryococcenes, and highly branched isoprenoids). The hydrogen isotopic composition of leaf waxes (δDwax) in Thailand was shown to relate to the amount of precipitation and the extent of the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Higher values of δDwax can be interpreted as reflecting relatively dry climatic conditions, whereas lower values relate to wetter conditions. The hydroclimate reconstruction for northeastern Thailand, based on the sedimentary record of Lake Kumphawapi, suggests higher moisture availability between ca. 10,700 cal. BP and ca. 7,000 cal. BP likely related to a strengthened early Holocene summer monsoon. Moisture availability decreased during the mid-Holocene, but seems to have increased again around 2,000 years ago and has fluctuated since. The high-resolution Lake Pa Kho peat sequence, which allows for a sub-centennial reconstruction of moisture availability, indicates that the wettest period occurred between ca. 700 and ca. 1000 CE whereas driest intervals were from ca. 50 BCE to ca. 700 CE and from ca. 1300 to ca. 1500 CE. Hydroclimate comparison of Pa Kho’s δDwax record with other paleoclimate records from the Asian-Pacific region suggests that El Niño-like conditions led to Northeastern Thailand being wetter, whereas La Niña-like conditions led to drier conditions. Regional hydroclimate variability also greatly influenced the Angkor Civilization, which flourished between ca. 845 and ca. 1450 CE. The shift from drier to wetter conditions coincided in time with the rise of the Angkor Civilization and likely favored the intense agriculture needed to sustain the empire. The gradual decline in moisture availability, which started after ca. 1000 years CE, could have stretched the hydrological capacity of Angkor to its limit. It is suggested that Angkor’s population resorted to unconventional water sources, such as wetlands, as population growth continued, but summer monsoon rains weakened. The 150-year long record of Lake Nong Thale Prong in southern Thailand offers insights into decadal-scale hydroclimatic changes that can be connected to the instrumental record. δDwax-based hydroclimate was drier from ~1857 to 1916 CE and ~1970 to 2010 CE and wetter from ~1916 to 1969 CE. Drier climatic conditions between ~1857 and 1916 CE coincided with oligotrophic lake waters and a dominance of the green algae Botryococcus braunii. Higher rainfall between ~1916 and 1969 CE concurred with an increase in diatom blooms while eutrophic lake water conditions were established between ~1970–2010 CE.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Manuscript.</p><br>Monsoon project
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Balza, Maria Elena. "Un monde de signes et de figures. : Monuments, reliefs, inscriptions hiéroglyphiques en Anatolie entre âge du Bronze et âge du Fer." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0070/document.
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L’objectif du travail de recherche est de présenter une analyse du système d’écriture hiéroglyphique anatolien entre la moitié du IIe millénaire av. J.-C. – quand des symboles graphiques déjà connus et employés en milieu anatolien commencent à s’organiser en système – et les premiers siècles du Ier millénaire av. J.-C. Le corpus pris en considération est constitué essentiellement par les inscriptions monumentales de la période hittite. Les caractéristiques principales de ces inscriptions ont été par la suite comparées avec un certain nombre de textes de la période post-hittite. Au cours du travail de recherche, à une analyse proprement philologique et linguistique des textes qui constituent le corpus examiné, on a préféré une approche différente, capable de prendre en considération tous les aspects et les propriétés des hiéroglyphes anatoliens. Les pratiques sociales liées aux phénomènes d’écriture, le choix des supports, les pratiques de mise en page des textes, le rôle des rédacteurs, la perception des textes de la part des lecteurs et le caractère « politique » du corpus ont constitué le véritable cœur de la recherche. Un intérêt particulier a été également porté au rapport entre « code scriptural » et « code visuel », et notamment au fait que, dans le cas de l’écriture hiéroglyphique anatolienne – comme dans le cas de toute écriture hiéroglyphique – l’opposition figuratif vs textuel doit forcement être mis de côté en raison des principes mêmes du fonctionnement du système d’écriture<br>The main goal of the research work is to present a survey on the Anatolian hieroglyphic script between the middle of the 2nd millennium BC – when a series of symbols already known and used in Anatolia takes the form of a proper writing system – and the first centuries of the 1st millennium BC. The text corpus chosen as case study mainly consists of the monumental inscriptions dating to the Hittite Empire Period. These inscriptions and their main characteristics have been subsequently compared with some representative texts dating to the Neo-Hittite period. Concerning the methodological aspects of the research, instead of a philological and linguistic analysis of the corpus taken into consideration, it has been preferred an approach able to take into account the social practices connected with the use of the writing system. According to this methodological choice, special attention has been paid to the text carriers, the organization of the texts’ layout, the role played by the authors and the scribes, the ‘consumption’ of the texts by the target audience, and the political and ideological character of the inscriptions. In addition, in the light of the fundamental nature of the Anatolian hieroglyphic system, the signs of which are both images and signs of writing, particular attention has also been paid to the link existing between ‘writing’ and ‘visual’ codes, and especially to the ambiguous relationship existing between the iconographic and textual elements of the inscriptions
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Setiawan, Arief B. "Modernity in architecture in relation to context." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33871.
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The thesis questions the ways in which architecture might embody the notion of modernity in different cultures and regions yet achieve appropriateness relative to place. In the early twentieth century in the industrialized world, the issue of modernity in architecture was identified with the notions of abstraction and rationalization that colored the development of the modern movement. The second generation of the modern movement queried the roles of human experiences and urban and architectural contexts in architectural design. With the spread of the modern movement to the rest of the world, the issue of context in architecture grew stronger. Following this line of thought, this dissertation examines the tension between modernist abstractionism and urban and architectural contexts in place in which the presence and the role of local knowledge and traditions in architecture remained influential. It investigates modernity in architecture through a specific Asian reading and through an analysis of the work of Geoffrey Bawa of Sri Lanka. Selected works of Geoffrey Bawa are chosen because the significance of his oeuvre is often contested by interpreters who see it as reflecting various contemporary approaches, including regionalism and vernacularism. Thus, in an effort to refute such simplistic explanations of his work, this thesis examines selected works of Bawa, analyzing their spatial organization, formal arrangement, materials, techniques, and building details. In particular, it attempts to highlight the ways in which Bawa articulated the notions of experience and memory in his architecture. These analyses are then placed within the framework of the social and cultural situations that his architecture confronted in Sri Lanka. It is within this framework that we might determine the ways in which modernity and locality were embodied in Bawa's work. Interpretations of his work take into account the understanding of modernity as a cultural practice and an attitude. Modernity as an attitude relates to a specific modernist subject who is able to use reason for judgment in addressing context. In this dissertation, a reading on the work of Walter Benjamin on modernity, the pasts, and traditions frames this understanding of this modernist subjectivity. In architecture, modernity as an attitude means that is not a style but a way of thinking and formulating design intent. This inquiry is then used as a framework within which this dissertation will interpret the relationship between modernity and local identity. The conclusions of the dissertation contribute to an understanding of the achievement of modernity in architecture in tight relationship to context. On a more focused level, it also hopes to contribute to an appreciation of the extant works of Geoffrey Bawa, which the author of this dissertation deems exemplary of what modern architecture might achieve in Asia.
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Orizaga, Rhiannon Ysabel-Marie. "Self-Presentation and Identity in the Roman Empire, ca. 30 BCE to 225 CE." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1016.
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The presentation of the body in early imperial Rome can be viewed as the manipulation of a semiotic language of dress, in which various hierarchies that both defined and limited human experience were entrenched. The study of Roman self-presentation illuminates the intersections of categories of identity, as well as the individual's desire and ability to resist essentializing views of Romanness (Romanitas), and to transform destiny through transforming identity. These categories of identity include gender; sexuality or sexual behavior; social status; economic status; ethnicity or place of origin; religion; and age. Applying the model of a matrix of identity deepens our appreciation for the work of self-presentation and its ultimate purposes. In this paper the practices and products used by Romans are described as vital indicators of self-identification, and as segues into Roman social semiotics, providing a more complete view of the possibilities for life in early imperial Rome. In the introduction, the use of queer theory and the function of the matrix model are outlined. Haircare, the maintenance of facial and bodily hair, the use of cosmetics, perfumes, skincare products, and beauty tools, the accessorizing of the body with jewelry, color, and pattern, and the display of these behaviors are examined in the main body chapters. The conclusion discusses the relevance of the matrix model to self-presentation studies in general and possible future uses.
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Yahaya, Azlan R. "Islam Hadhari: An Ideological Discourse Analysis of Selected Speeches by UMNO President and Malaysia Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1331172976.
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Padgett, Brian David. "The Bioarchaeology of Violence During the Yayoi Period of Japan." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586549883443371.
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Li, Jiyuan. "Construction Simulation of Wudian Using 3-D Graphics and Animations." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429212482.
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Carbone, Lucia Francesca. "‘Romanizing’ Asia: the impact of Roman imperium on the administrative and monetary systems of the Provincia Asia (133 BC – AD 96)." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8222TP0.
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The impact of Roman power on the pre-existing administrative and economic systems of the conquered provinces has been a significant issue of scholarly debate for decades. In the last two decades attention has shifted from the idea of Romanization as a top-down phenomenon to a much more articulated process, in which the element of cultural interaction between the conquering power and the conquered populations was central and led to the creation of locally hybrid cultural forms.
This dissertation analyzes the ways in which local cultures and identities interacted with Roman ones in the years between Attalus III’s testament and the end of the Flavian age. I chose to focus my research on these centuries as they include four key moments for the Provincia Asia: 1) the moment of its institution in 129/6 BC with the related issues due to Aristonicus’ rebellion and the necessity of establishing effective provincial administrative and economic structures; 2) the years between the Mithridatic wars and Caesar, when the province spiraled into debt and the Asian monetary system had to adapt to the extra taxation requested by Sulla and then to the change in the role of the societates publicanorum, who were deprived of the farming of the decuma by Caesar; 3) the years of the Civil War between Antony and Octavian and its aftermath, which gave increasing importance to the conventus and to the introduction of Roman currency into the province, both in the circulating monetary pool and as an account unit; 4) the post-Augustan age, which saw an increasing standardization in the ‘local’ monetary systems of the province, with respect to both silver and bronze coinage, and the final ‘victory’ of the conventus over the pre-existing administrative structures, as shown by the fact that even municipal taxation and local cults were by then organized according to the conventus system.
The model of ‘middle-ground imperialism’ is useful for understanding the process of progressive standardization of Asian administrative structures and monetary system, not as a top-down process but rather as a bilateral interaction between Roman and local cultures, as I have shown in the case of the progressive standardization of Asian provincial administrative structures (Chapters 1 and 2) and monetary systems (Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6).
According to this research the transformative age for the Romanization of the Provincia Asia was not the Augustan Age, but the Second Triumviral Age.
The main heuristic tools for drafting the picture of the administrative and economic life of Provincia Asia are a database of Asian civic issues (both silver and bronze) between 133 BC and AD 96 that I have constructed out of the data in BMC, SNG Copenhagen and SNG Deutschlands – van Aulock (for pre-Antonian issues) and in RPC I-II (from Mark Antony up to the Flavians), and three epigraphic databases that include the epigraphic attestations of denarii, assaria and drachmae in the province of Asia between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD, for a total of 372 inscriptions. All these databases are included here as Appendices (I – X).
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MÜLLER, Martin. "Civilization, culture, and race in John Crawfurd's discourses on Southeast Asia : continuities and changes, c.1814-1868." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/28045.
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Defence date: 7 June 2013<br>Examining Board: Professor Sebastian Conrad, Freie Universität (Supervisor) Professor Jorge Flores, EUI Professor Michael Harbsmeier, Roskilde Universitet Dr. Christina Skott, University of Cambridge.<br>First made available online on 26 February 2015.<br>In this dissertation I examine the uses of the notions of civilization, race, and culture within a set of British 19th century discourses on especially Southeast Asian societies, their present state and history. Taking the point of departure in John Crawfurd's (1783-1868) publications, it contains a study of the many debates on economic, ethnological, historical, and linguistic issues in which he participated throughout six decades and to which he contributed significantly. Through this approach I aim at providing a densely contextualized analysis of the colonial, intellectual, political, and socio-cultural aspects of Crawfurd et al's knowledge production, its routes of transmission, receptions, and appropriations. The analytic focus is directed at the evaluative-descriptive qualities attributed to the terms civilization, race, and culture, and immanent in the concepts they refer to; on the surface claiming to be primarily descriptive, they nonetheless were normatively cogent in their inherent hierarchal and classificatory structures, as well as in providing a theoretical template delineating the naturalized historical trajectories. Arguing that the notions of civilization, race and culture were pivotal key concepts in this colonial knowledge production, I chart the intertwined dynamics between these notions / both in their conceptual framings and contextualized uses. During this quest I endeavour to demonstrate the interpretive primacy of the concept of civilization throughout the entire period, even though racial concerns clearly were on the ascendancy and by the 1860s constituted the major theme of discussion and dissent. Common to all the analysed discourses is that they were hinged upon these three fundamental notions and their ability to address the universal as well as the particular, their capacity to encompass the past, present and future within one interpretive framework, and not at least their provision of a conceptual common ground which also, however, facilitated the possibilities of fundamental dissent within the actual interpretations.
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Miyazaki, Yuko. "Naga in classical civilisation of Southeast Asia." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151780.
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White, Margaret, University of Western Sydney, and School of Lifelong Learning and Educational Change. "Crossing the East West divide : new perspectives on East-West interaction." 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/23575.
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Koh, Alvin Kok-yong. "Asian scopic modernities: alternative visibilities of transnational Chinese masculinity in global cinema." 2006. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2360.
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This thesis examines transnational Chinese masculinity as the articulation of Asian scopic modernities in contemporary Hong Kong, Hollywood and mainland Chinese films. Transnational Chinese masculinity is a transborder formation of Chinese male representations that occurs across national boundaries via dispersed networks of production, distribution, and consumption. These representations constitute the modernity of transnational Chinese masculinity. This thesis investigates significant cinematic events that contribute to these new conditions of visibility: the popularity of Hong Kong actors Leslie Cheung and Tony Leung who embody marginalised paradigms of masculinity in Asia; the crossovers of Hong Kong stars into Hollywood; and the advent of Zhang Yimou's alternative blockbuster films and Quentin Tarantino's trans-Asian films. These cinematic events form part of a mosaic of visual modernities in Asia - what is herein defined as Asian scopic modernities.
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White, Margaret. "Crossing the East West divide : new perspectives on East-West interaction." Thesis, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/23575.
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Yang, Yu-Ying, and 楊毓瑩. "East-Asian Theory of Civilization: From the Arts View of Okakura Tenshin." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61085856192042944247.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>日本語文學研究所<br>99<br>This paper is going to research on Japan’s perceptions on Asia during the process of modernization. During the Meiji Restoration, when Japan met the Western, there were different voices in the society. Among these philosophers during the time, this paper focuses on Okakura Tenshin’s statements about Asia. Okakura(1863-1913) is a philosopher who played an active part as an leader in protecting the Japan’s traditional art and the art education. He had been the principal of The Tokyo Art School ( The Tokyo Bijutsu Gakko), cultivating many master artists of traditional Japanese art, such as Taikan Yokoyama, ShunsoHishida and Kanzan Shimomura. After he resigned from the Tokyo Art School, he founded The Japan Art Institute (The Nihon Bijutsuin) and worked as the curator of the Department of Asiatic Art of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts to keep on preserving and promoting the beauty of the Japan and East-Asian Arts.
Besides Okakura’s art reviews, he also released 4 books, including 『The Ideals of the East』(1903), 『The awakening of the East』(wtitten in 1902 and published in1938), 『The awakening of Japan』(1904), and『The Book of Tea』(1906). Thought all of these books were written and completed during the later period of his life, to protect the spirit of the East has played as the main faith in the books. So the 4 books could be seen as a serial publication, declaring his opinions of the Asia.
People has been fixed their eyes on his most famous declaration-「Asia is one」, when making comments on his statements about the Asia. We could say that is has been the core of his perceptions. Here, I am trying to do text analysis, from his art comments to the 4 books , also with the background of Meiji Period, to understand his understanding of civilization and go back to what he has insists upon the relations of the Asia, Japan and the West.
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Chen, Boyu, and 陳柏宇. "A Civilizational Turn in International Relations: Emergence of an Asian School?" Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28158345198402606889.
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博士<br>國立中山大學<br>政治學研究所<br>99<br>Samuel Huntington provoked great debate among international relations (IR) theorists with an article titled ‘The Clash of Civilizations?’ and thus caused ‘civilizational turn’ in international studies. While criticizing Huntington’s mode of analysis, the IR theorists seek alternative ways of interpreting civilization. This civilizational turn has also emerged in the discussion of ‘non-western IR theories’. Reflecting the Eurocentrism of the discipline, some of the IR theorists have kept searching alternative ways of theorizing the world through cultures and historical experiences originated in the non-western areas, which conceive of learning across different ways of being (ontology) and knowing (epistemology).
This dissertation analyzes the possibility of an Asian school of international relations through civilizational analysis of non-western IR theories with Asian perspectives. While Asia is often regarded as a highly heterogeneous area both culturally and economically, this dissertation explores the compatibilities or even commonalities among discourses of Asian intellectual communities on civilization which may consist of a school of thought serving to enrich and dialogue with contemporary IR theories. The dissertation consists of three case studies: Confucian ‘Harmonious world’, Nishida’s philosophy on ‘nothingness’ and postcolonial India with principles of non-violence, nonalignment and subaltern studies. Based on different ontologies and epistemologies, these three schools of thought contribute a common alternative way of interpreting world politics: the middle way, which provides the rationale for the possibility of an open Asian regionalism.
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Carroll, Diana June. "William Marsden and his Malayo-Polynesian legacy." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109582.
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William Marsden (1754-1836) exercised a strong influence on the study of island
Southeast Asia. After early experience in Sumatra, he returned to England in December
1779. His journal publications quickly established him among the intellectual elite. In
1783 some months before the publication of the History of Sumatra Marsden was elected
to the Royal Society. Between 1795 and 1807 he was a high-ranking civil servant at the
Admiralty. His scholarly life was thus neatly divided into an eighteenth century and an
early nineteenth century period. Inspired and informed by the publication of Cook's
voyages, Marsden was instrumental in identifying the Malayo-Polynesian language
family, especially through his 1783 History of Sumatra.
Marsden identified the major components of Malay languages and culture as MalayoPolynesian,
Islamic and Hindu-Buddhist. The Malayo-Polynesian and Islamic were
dominant in the 1783 History; the third emerged from an article completed from his
work in the 1790s. These three elements effectively dictated the future directions of
Malay studies. Although there were radical changes in the nature of scholarship during
the nineteenth century Marsden's article identifying Hindu elements in Malay culture
was immensely influential in the formative years of Peninsular Malay studies.
The two main versions of his History were written for entirely different audiences. The
1783 History was intended as a scholarly work that would explain and provide evidence
for Marsden' s linguistic theories. It is a work of its time. This thesis elucidates the
eighteenth century world view and ideas of civilisation which underlay the work, as well
as analysing the work itself. The revisions in the 1811 History were intended to improve
its practical usefulness and reflect the changed intellectual context of the early nineteenth
century. In the 1783 edition of his History Marsden employed the eighteenth century concept of
"national character" to explain the "physical" and "moral" causes of similarities and
difference. He demonstrated that similarities between the Sumatrans and the Polynesians
had "physical" causes. Marsden argued that the Sumatran languages were more
"improved" and that the Malay language was the most "improved" of the MalayoPolynesian
language group. Further the literate Sumatran peoples were more "advanced"
and the Malays the most "advanced" of the Malayo-Polynesian peoples. To this end he
also argued that there were significant differences between the Malays and all other
Malayo-Polynesians of the Archipelago. Marsden introduced the issue of Malay
"identity" in Malay studies and argued that the Malays had a "national character" that
was distinct from that of "other" Sumatrans. His description of Malay "identity" is very
similar to that found in Malay literature of the period.
The 1811 edition of Marsden's History is more encyclopaedic than the 1783 edition. The
delineation of Sumatra's economic potential and the incorporation of material collected
from a variety of sources to update and expand the account tends to overshadow the
former scholarly focus on the peoples of Sumatra and on his original observation.
In the final chapter, the mixed legacy of Marsden's scholarship is traced, chiefly through
the papers published by other British scholars over the succeeding century.
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Panyagaew, Wasan. "Moving Dai : towards an anthropology of people 'living in place' in the borderlands of the upper Mekong." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151707.
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Park, Chi Hyun. "Orientalism in U.S. cyberpunk cinema from Blade runner to the Matrix." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2159.
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