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Journal articles on the topic 'Asian American Novel'
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1
Ty, Eleanor. "Asianfail in the City: Michael Cho’s Shoplifter." Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 4, no. 1-2 (2018): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23523085-00401003.
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Michael Cho’s graphic novel Shoplifter is a fine example of “Asianfail,” where the heroine fails to excel as Asian North Americans are “supposed to.” Narratives of failure are either rare or untold in Asian North American literature because Asians are often stereotyped as the successful model minority. Yet Shoplifter is more than simply a story about a twenty-something woman’s search for identity. With its rich details and striking colours, Cho’s visual language suggests that the graphic novel is also about contemporary urban life: its strange beauty and darkness, its complexities and hollowness. Shoplifter is a narrative about the development of a young Asian North American woman as well as a tribute to—and critique of—big city life.
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Leu, Shwuyi. "Exploring Bicultural Experiences: Responding to a Chinese American Young Adult Novel." Language and Literacy 12, no. 1 (2010): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20360/g2mw2s.
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Reading and responding to ethnic literature that is reflective of one’s own experiences often has significant value for the younger members of the parallel cultures. This paper reports the results of the responses of young adult and adult Asian and Asian American readers to a Chinese American young adult novel set in the 1920’s. The findings suggest that (1) cultural background played a major role in reader response, (2) cross-cultural reading responses revealed readers’ ethnic identity development, especially when dealing with between-world situations, and (3) Chinese Americans continue to experience racial discrimination today. Implications for educators include the importance of critical literacy and the inclusion of multiethnic literature in the K-12 curriculum.
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Wang, Chih-ming. "Transpacific Asymmetries." boundary 2 46, no. 3 (2019): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-7614159.
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In honor of the late Masao Miyoshi, whose work has opened a transpacific dimension in Asian American studies, this essay first explores the notion of asymmetry, which is seminal to his critical vision, to build an analytical framework for understanding and evaluating the transnational impulses in recent Asian American literature. Using asymmetry as an analytical lens, it then provides a critical interpretation of Ruth Ozeki’s important novel A Tale for the Time Being (2013) to consider the intricate connections between Asia and North America that are embedded in the subterranean history of war, migration, resistance, and hope. By foregrounding the entangled, even complicit, transpacific transactions in Asian American narratives, this essay will not only speak to the complexities of the transpacific turn in Asian American studies but will also remind us of the importance of Miyoshi’s off-centered approach to questions of culture, history, and politics undeterred by borders.
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Chee, Kyong Hee, and Farida Ejaz. "Cultural Dimensions, Unique Challenges, and Interventions for Dementia Care in the Asian Context." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1759.
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Abstract Asians in and outside of Asia are facing a rapidly-growing need for dementia care in familial, institutional, or community settings. This multidisciplinary symposium addresses issues of formal and informal dementia care in the Asian cultural context to suggest novel, culturally-appropriate interventions for education and practice. Presenters in this symposium will specifically speak to cultural dimensions, challenges, and approaches involved with caring for persons living with dementia (PLWD) in Singapore and South Korea, as well as their Japanese/Japanese-American counterparts. Malhotra and colleagues will present their qualitative study from Singapore on 26 familial care partners’ preference for life-extending interventions for persons with severe dementia, such as intravenous antibiotics, tube feeding, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Lee and Chee will then examine how the occupational identities of 303 long-term care workers are associated with their practice of human rights for PLWD in South Korea. Next, Yen and Mayen-Cho will explain a video project that they developed at Alzheimer’s Los Angeles to reach out to the Japanese American community – they conducted and filmed in-depth interviews with 7 Japanese/Japanese American family care partners of PLWD. Finally, Park will examine the emergent themes in the narratives of these Japanese/Japanese American interviewees. She will also demonstrate the relevance of the life-course perspective in developing a template for designing similar interventions to serve other ethnic communities. As a discussant, Ejaz will highlight versatility in interventions for dementia care among Asians and Asian Americans. She will also discuss broader implications of the findings within and beyond the Asian context. Aging Among Asians Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
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Tang, Edward. "Transpacific Worlds: Visualizing Asian America in Chan is Missing and Dim Sum." Prospects 27 (October 2002): 569–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001332.
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In a 1990 interview for the Bill Moyers television series A World of Ideas, the Asian-American writer Bharati Mukherjee assessed the cultural experiences of Asian immigrants in the Americas. Playing on the rhetoric of 19th-century Manifest Destiny, she asserted that Asian immigrants should come to America to “conquer” it, to possess the nation and make its ideals their own. After all, she argued, many of the original Euro-American pioneers and settlers had been “hustlers” capable of great violence in their westward conquest of the land and native peoples. Arriving from the East, Asian immigrants metaphorically would have to do battle to make the nation more inclusive, and actively overthrow their colonized images as “outsiders” or “Orientals” that have dominated American culture to this day. Doing so, however, requires that these newcomers to the West also “murder” their old selves. In her novel Jasmine (1989), Mukherjee elaborates: “There are no harmless, compassionate ways to remake oneself. We murder who we were so we can rebirth ourselves in the images of dreams.” Because America represents a “stage for transformation,” as she tells Moyers, these dreams of hope, of having choices and opportunities, are being claimed and reinvented continuously as different waves of new arrivals modify or challenge the rules of interaction. Asian immigrants must therefore cast off their stifling Old World traditions, ones that perpetuate “cynicism, irony, and despair” when reconstructing and negotiating through a cultural order now altered by their very presence in the United States.
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Lim, Christopher T., and Justin A. Chen. "A Novel Virtual Partnership to Promote Asian American and Asian International Student Mental Health." Psychiatric Services 72, no. 6 (2021): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202000198.
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Ko, Jeongyun. "In Full Bloom as an Asian American Chick-lit Novel." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 10, no. 2 (2019): 1367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.10.2.97.
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Lifshey, Adam. "The Literary Alterities of Philippine Nationalism in José Rizal's El filibusterismo." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 5 (2008): 1434–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.5.1434.
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The seminal novels of the Philippines, José Rizal's Noli me tangere (1887) and El filibusterismo (1891), are written in Spanish, a language that began evaporating in the archipelago when the United States defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War in 1898 and imposed English as a lingua franca. Where does a foundational author like Rizal fit in a discussion of globalized literatures when the Philippines are commonly framed as a historical and cultural hybrid neither quite Asian nor quite Western? In Rizal's El filibusterismo, the Philippines are an inchoate national project imagined not in Asia but amid complex allusive dynamics that emanate from the Americas. Rizal and his novel, like the Philippine nation they inspired, appear in global and postcolonial frameworks as both Asian and American in that epistemes Eastern and Western, subaltern and hegemonic, interact in a ceaseless flow that resists easy categorization.
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Tsou, Elda E. "“This Doesn't Mean What You'll Think”: Native Speaker, Allegory, Race." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 128, no. 3 (2013): 575–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2013.128.3.575.
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This article contributes to the new formalism by considering the relation between literary form and race. It argues that Chang-rae Lee's novel Native Speaker is primarily concerned with its own figurative activity and that only when the analytic framework is shifted away from Asian America and toward allegory does the novel's far-ranging critique of whiteness, referential language, and native speaking become apparent. This figurative activity consists of strategies of concealment that disguise their artfulness by posing as self-evident or referential. Race, espionage, and allegory are examples of this representational mode, defined by hiding in plain sight. As part of a larger argument for formal analysis in Asian American literature, the article explores how the novel's central tropes figure the figuration of Asian American experience, and it seeks to demonstrate how reading for form can sharpen the politics of race.
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Cruz, Denise. "Imagining a Transpacific and Feminist Asian American Archive." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 127, no. 2 (2012): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2012.127.2.365.
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A brief moment in karen tei yamashita's recent novel i hotel (2010) resurrects a crucial fragment of asian american literary history. Yamashita's book—part send-up and part recounting of actual events—pays homage to and reimagines the multiple paths that were critical to the late-1960s and 1970s Asian American movement. In a small yet important scene, I Hotel highlights how the development of an Asian American literary canon was entwined with the production of heroic masculinity. Three men drive four hundred miles to visit Dorothy Okada, widow of the author John Okada, on a mission of archival recovery and masculinist “heroics” (96). Their adventure begins when one of the men discovers Okada's 1957 novel No-No Boy (now a canonical work) and a letter that mentions the possible existence of an unpublished manuscript by Okada. Ultimately, the trip is unsuccessful. “What happens next,” the narrator tells us, “is history” (97). Confronted by the lack of public interest in Okada's work, Dorothy has burned his papers, and the disappointed men can only ask ridiculously inappropriate questions about the couple's marriage and sexual relationship. In this story, the men who set out to become heroes of Asian American literary studies are thwarted by a woman's failure to preserve the text, and they reduce Dorothy to a supporting role. Yet in recapturing the gendered division at the heart of this defining moment in Asian American literary history, I Hotel also reminds us of other narrative, methodological, and theoretical paths. “As time drags on,” the narrator muses a few pages earlier, “other events step up to the plate, and one begins to wonder why any fork in the road presented the less traveled option” (95).
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Wieteska, Magda. "Chinese education in the novel by A. Chua Battle hymn of the tiger mother." Journal of Education Culture and Society 8, no. 1 (2017): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20171.201.208.
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Chinese culture and tradition stand in direct opposition to American and European cultures. Chinese children must live according to the principles of metaconfucianism from an early age. Failure to do so threatens social ostracism.Amy Chua in her autobiographical novel Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother describes the education of her two daughters living in America according to the principles present in China. The educational methods used by Chua are considered controversial by western parents. The author made an attempt to explain the motives of Asian mothers.
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Li, Anni. "43.5 EXPLORING NOVEL INTERVENTIONS TO COMBAT STIGMA IN ASIAN-AMERICAN YOUTH WITH DEPRESSION." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 58, no. 10 (2019): S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.07.951.
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Saha, Shukla. "Jasmine’s Travail from Widowhood to Selfhood in Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 5 (2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i5.10600.
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Bharati Mukherjee happens to be a prominent Asian American writer who has in her works vividly represented the experiences of Asian immigrants and the evolution of their migrant selves in America.Her works reflect both, her pride in her Indian heritage and also her earnestness for embracing the new world, America.
 Mukherjee’s much acclaimed novel Jasmine depicts the story of a young Punjabi woman who dares to rebel against the norms of patriarchy since her childhood. Her stifling experiences of leading the life of a widow in a small Indian village of Hasnapur doesn’t dent her spirit as she dares to sail on her own as an illegal immigrant to the United States on a mission to perform ritual Sati on the campus where her dead husband had enrolled to study. The problems of acculturation drags immigrants like her into an identity crisis. But it does not deter her, as she continuously strives to refashion herself to fit into the mainstream American culture. In this context, the paper attempts to explore how the feminist protagonist, Jasmine, through her shifting identities rediscovers her own independent self by assimilating into the land of opportunity, i.e., America.
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Maior, Enikő. "The Question of Identity in Gary Shteyngart’s Little Failure." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 7, no. 1 (2015): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2015-0041.
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Abstract In my paper I want to deal with the question of identity and Gary Shteyngart’s last novel, Little Failure (2014). The novel is a memoir that deals with young Gary’s struggle as an individual of Russian Jewish origins trying to accommodate himself to the American way of life. America with its multicultural and multiethnic environment puts the immigrant Gary in a very sensitive position. He does not know how to deal with African Americans; shall he avoid them or rim away? Shall he befriend Asian colleagues or not? Are Jewish friends more valuable than others? These are the questions that Gary Shteyngart has to answer and find his own voice. The protagonist of the novel under discussion tries to find his identity which is in continuous change. He tries to figure out in a world filled with cultural, racial and urban conflicts his own identity from the perspective of a former immigrant and as a member of a minority group. The task of my paper is to show how the question of identity has changed and what solution Shteyngart’s novel can offer for the protagonist in the process of identity formation.
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Kwan, SanSan. "Performing a Geography of Asian America: The Chop Suey Circuit." TDR/The Drama Review 55, no. 1 (2011): 120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00052.
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The Chop Suey Circuit describes Asian American cabaret performers who toured the US from the 1930s through the '50s. Performing the era's popular songs and dances, these “Orientals” were novel yet familiar, exotic yet accessible. At a time of war, internment, and segregation they simultaneously solidified and challenged racial cartographies that would emplace race.
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Šesnić, Jelena. "“Uncanny Domesticity” in Contemporary American Fiction: The Case of Jhumpa Lahiri." Kultura Popularna 4, no. 54 (2018): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.6724.
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The argument contends that Jhumpa Lahiri’s fiction – in particular her two novels to date, The Namesake (2003) and The Lowlands (2013) – features a combination of the elements of homeliness and estrangement, domestic and foreign, ultimately, self and the other, that evokes the Freudian concept of the uncanny. Placing it in the context of the diasporic family dynamics, prevalent in Lahiri’s fiction, the uncanny effect may be seen to reside in the unspoken secrets and repressed content passed on from the first to the second generation and disturbing the neat acquisition of the trappings of middle-class domesticity. Drawing on recent models of the “geopolitical novel” (Irr), the “new immigrant fiction” (Koshy) and the “South Asian diasporic novel” (Grewal), the reading engages with the irruption of the unhomely into the domestic space, sustained by immigrant families in the face of local and global disturbances.
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Baghiu, Ștefan. "Translations of Novels in the Romanian Culture During the Long Nineteenth Century (1794-1914): A Quantitative Perspective." Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 6, no. 2 (2020): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2020.10.05.
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This article uses quantitative methods to provide a macro perspective on translations of novels in Romanian culture during the long nineteenth century, by modifying Eric Hobsbawm’s 1789-1914 period, and using it as spanning from 1794 (the first registered local publishing of a translated novel) to 1918 (the end of the First World War). The article discusses the predominance of the French novel (almost 70% of the total of translated novels), the case of four other main competitors in the second line of translations (or the golden circle, as named in the article: German, English, Russian, and Italian), the strange case of the American novel as a transition zone, and the situation of five other groups of novels translated during the period (the atomizing agents: the East European, the Spanish, the Austrian, the Nordic, and the Asian novel).
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Jean So, Richard. "Fictions of Natural Democracy: Pearl Buck, The Good Earth, and the Asian American Subject." Representations 112, no. 1 (2010): 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2010.112.1.87.
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This essay offers a new reading of the American author Pearl Buck, focusing on her cultural concept of "natural democracy." It does so by critically reconstructing and examining this concept through three linked contexts: 1930s China, the novel The Good Earth, and the 1943 Chinese Exclusion Acts Repeal hearings. The essay argues that natural democracy enabled the emergence of a U.S.––China, trans-Pacific cultural sphere that helped to facilitate the rise of the postwar Asian American subject.
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Easley, Janeria. "Spatial mismatch beyond black and white: Levels and determinants of job access among Asian and Hispanic subpopulations." Urban Studies 55, no. 8 (2017): 1800–1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017696254.
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United States (US) based research suggests that distance between residency and employment constrains labour market outcomes for black Americans. Work on this phenomenon, termed spatial mismatch, suggests that residential segregation from whites shapes labour market outcomes among blacks by restricting access to job-dense suburbs. However, few studies examine patterns and drivers of spatial mismatch among Asian and Hispanic subpopulations. Using data on job counts from the 2010 Zip Code Business Patterns data set and on population counts from the 2010 US decennial Censuses, I estimate spatial mismatch for the largest ethnoracial groups in the USA: black, white, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese Americans. To measure spatial mismatch, I create indices of dissimilarity between jobs and residency for all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) with available data. Estimates of spatial mismatch based on panethnic categories mask subpopulation heterogeneity. Most subgroups experience higher spatial mismatch than indicated by the panethnic category. The results also show novel racial differences: the average Vietnamese and Cuban American experience higher spatial mismatch than the average black American. Segregation from whites is a central predictor of exposure to spatial mismatch across all minority groups, though findings suggest that this relationship is not driven by suburbanisation.
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Ali, Shahmir, Srishti Gupta, Channan Hanif, et al. "Exploring the Drivers of Second-Generation South Asian American Eating Behaviors Using a Novel Qualitative Methodology: Virtual Free-Listing Informed Mind-Mapping." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab038_002.
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Abstract Objectives South Asian Americans (SAAs) face a growing non-communicable disease burden, however the behavioral contributors to health disparities experienced by second-generation South Asians remain under-explored. The aim of this study was to identify major drivers of the foods typically eaten by second-generation SAAs. Methods Between October-November 2020, second-generation SAAs aged 18–29 years old were recruited to conduct virtual video-conferencing-based interviews using a novel qualitative methodology which integrated free-listing and ranking, mind-mapping, and discussion-based exercises. Ranked free-lists were quantitatively analyzed to identify salient drivers of eating behaviors, while the USDA socio-ecological model was used to inform a semi-inductive thematic analysis of interview transcripts. A network analysis was conducted by quantifying connections made across participant mind-maps. Results Overall, 32 participants (53% female, 22.4 mean age) were interviewed in the study. Thirty-five distinct eating behavior drivers were identified in the free-listing data; those with the highest saliency scores (unadjusted for ranking) were 1) family, 2) friends, 3) taste, and 4) health; when adjusted for participant rankings, the most impactful drivers were 1) taste, 2) family, 3) health, and 4) friends. In applying the USDA socio-ecological model, individual-level drivers included personal capacity to cook, convenience in accessing certain foods, cost, emotional state, and preferences regarding taste or novelty of non-South Asian foods. Setting-level drivers included specific daily activities (e.g., socializing, working), people (e.g., family, roommates), and places (e.g., workplaces, religious institutions). Notably less sector-level drivers were identified but included interacting with the healthcare sector or social media. Norm-level drivers included South Asian cultural background, religious background, and priorities regarding health and vegetarianism informed by values outside of religion. Conclusions Complex, interconnected, and multi-level drivers were identified motivating second-generation SAAs eating behaviors. Findings highlight the need to distinguish these drivers from first generation SAAs to better design interventions to improve health of second-generation SAAs. Funding Sources N/A.
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Li, Melody. "Nightclub as a Liminal Space: Space, Gender, and Identity in Lisa See’s China Dolls." Humanities 7, no. 4 (2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h7040126.
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Nightclubs flourished in San Francisco’s Chinatown in the late 1930s when it became a nightlife destination. To Chinese Americans, however, San Francisco nightclubs became a new site at the time for them to re-explore their identities. For some, visiting these nightclubs became a way for them to escape from traditional Chinese values. For others, it became a way to satisfy Western stereotypes of Chinese culture. Lisa See’s China Dolls (2015) describes three young oriental women from various backgrounds that become dancers at the popular Forbidden City nightclub in San Francisco in the late 1930s. Through the three girls’ precarious careers and personal conflicts, Lisa See proposes the San Francisco nightclub as both a site for them to articulate their new identities beyond their restricted spheres and a site for them to perform the expected stereotypical Asian images from Western perspectives. It was, at that time, a struggle for the emergence of modern Chinese women but particularly a paradox for Chinese-American women. The space of the Chinese-American nightclub, which is exotic, erotic, but stereotypical, represents contradictions in the Chinese-American identity. Through studying Lisa See’s novel along with other autobiographies of the Chinese American dancing girls, I argue that San Francisco nightclubs, as represented in Lisa See’s novel, embody the paradox of Chinese American identities as shown in the outfits of Chinese American chorus girls—modest cheongsams outside and sexy, burlesque costumes underneath.
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Viviani, Yolanda, and Robby Satria Mandala. "HYBRIDITY POTRAYED BY MAJOR CHARACTERS IN THE NOVEL “CRAZY RICH ASIAN” BY KEVIN KWAN." JURNAL BASIS 8, no. 1 (2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/basisupb.v8i1.2958.
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This research was conducted to figure out kinds of hybridity that major characters did in the novel “Crazy Rich Asian” by Kevin Kwan. This study was analyzed by using postcolonial approach with theory of hybridity by Homi K. Bhabha. According to Bhabha, hybridity is the mixing of two or more different culture and create a new culture that has both culture characteristic. It can be said that hybridity is the result of cross culture that appears in society due to cross cultural interaction that happened for a long time. Descriptive qualitative method was used in this research to analyse social problems happened in the novel. Based on the analysis that had been conducted, there were two kinds of hybridity found out in the novel “Crazy Rich Asian”. They are ethic hybridity and lifestyle hybridity. The ethic hybridity was found in Rachel and Eddie’s mindset. Their mindset were more like American than other characters. Lifestyle hybridity was found in Astrid lifestyle which more like westerner than her husband.
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Seema Parveen and Prof. Tanveer Khadija. "Multicultural Identity Crisis in Bharati Mukherjee’s Novel Jasmine." Creative Launcher 6, no. 1 (2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.1.08.
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This paper intends to explore the transformations with disintegration literary pieces of Bharati Mukherjee has gained a milestone as she brings out the segregation experienced by the immigrants of South Asian Countries. Through her novels, she voices her personal life experiences to show the reconstructing shape of American Society. She centrally locates her emphasis on the women characters their struggle for identity, their harsh experiences and their final emergence as the self- assertive, self opinioned individuals free from fear imposed on them. The list of Diasporic writer is too long and the root of Diaspora is so deep. Through the novel Jasmine, Bharati Mukherjee focuses the multicultural identity of a woman. This paper is an effort to portray the bitter experiences of homelessness, displacement, oppression and exploitation of protagonist Jasmine.
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Qiu, Ruhang. "Locating Identity: Interpreting Food Images and Jade Snow Wong’s Identity Construction in Fifth Chinese Daughter." Journal of Innovation and Social Science Research 8, no. 8 (2021): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53469/jissr.2021.08(08).33.
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Jade Snow Wong’s autobiographical novel Fifth Chinese Daughter, as an early classic of Asian American literature, has aroused wide concern since its publication, in which, food images as important elements play a prominent role in the author’s identity construction. Based on the theories of cultural identity, imagism, and feminist criticism, this paper focuses on the food images related to Jade Snow Wong’s identity construction in Fifth Chinese Daughter, and reveals the influence of these images on her identity construction. Food images in this novel, as media connecting two different cultures and genders, help break the Chinese American women’s marginalized status in culture and gender, and promote their construction of cultural identity as well as gender identity.
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Lee, Wendy Allison. "Untimely Developments: Genre Drag and Gish Jen’s Mona in the Promised Land." MELUS 44, no. 3 (2019): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlz018.
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Abstract Through a reinterpretation of Gish Jen’s novel Mona in the Promised Land (1996), this essay makes the case for the queer possibilities immanent to the most conservative “family values” Asian American genre—the bildungsroman organized around intergenerational conflict. In a decade obsessed with the question of what shifting racial and ethnic demographics meant for the national future, Mona’s content tempted 1990s readers to interpret its vision of the 1960s as a timely meditation on the present. Read in such a way, the novel resolves anxieties about demographic change by reproducing the “timeless” values of family and nation. However, Mona’s form tells a different story. Rather than using the historical past as a mere backdrop to tell a timely story about national progress, Mona is reflexive in its preoccupation with its relationship to the past. Jen’s novel shows us what a coming-of-age story looks like when it does not assimilate its subject into national time. Instead, Mona draws “untimely comparisons” between past US imperial formations that are the present’s condition of possibility. I examine how the novel disrupts the bildungroman’s formal and ideological relationship to national futurity by evoking the past as a drag on progress and the novel as enacting a formal corollary to queer drag performance. I read Mona as a novel of untimely development that reinvents the coming-of-age narrative so that the Asian American subject becomes not a figure that exemplifies a certain future subject or nation but instead one that generatively obstructs national fantasies of progress.
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Richey, Sean, and J. Benjamin Taylor. "Google Books Ngrams and Political Science: Two Validity Tests for a Novel Data Source." PS: Political Science & Politics 53, no. 1 (2019): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096519001318.
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ABSTRACTGoogle Books Ngrams data are freely available and contain billions of words used in tens of millions of digitized books, which begin in the 1500s for some languages. We explore the benefits and pitfalls of these data by showing examples from comparative and American politics. Specifically, we show how usage of the phrase “political corruption” in Italian, French, German, and Hebrew books strongly correlates with Transparency International’s well-cited Corruption Index for France, Italy, German, and Israel. We also use Ngrams to show that the explosive growth in usage of the phrases “Asian American,” “Latino,” and “Hispanic” correlates with real-world changes in these populations after the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. These applications show that Ngram data correlate strongly with similar data from well-respected sources. This suggests that Ngrams has content validity and can be used as a proxy measure for previously difficult-to-research phenomena and questions.
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Ni, Pi-hua. "It is More than a Bunch of Numbers: Trauma, Voicing and Identity in Jennifer Chow’s The 228 Legacy." "Res Rhetorica" 7, no. 4 (2020): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.29107/rr2020.4.7.
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This paper explores how Jennifer Chow’s The 228 Legacy (2013) recaptures the buried hi/stories of the 228 Massacre with a trauma narrative about Silk’s deep-kept secrets. It first delineates the evolution of trauma theory and trauma fiction highlighting the significance of articulating trauma and its relevance in healing, hi/storytelling and identity construction. This demarcation shall frame a critical lens to illustrate how Chow innovates distinct insulated narratives on the protagonists to mimic intergenerational ramifications of trauma in the Lu family, to represent their psychological healing and to express the association between silence-breaking, remembering and identity construction. This critical endeavor will also demonstrate that Silk’ story of survival promises the survival of hi/story. Thus, the novel proper not only portrays the traumatic impact, a nightmarish “legacy,” of 228 but also renders Silk’s trauma narrative as the “legacy” to connect with Taiwanese heritage and construct Taiwanese American identities. Given Chow’s innovative form and unique themes about trauma and Taiwanese American diaspora, the article situates her novel in the emerging Taiwanese American literature, Asian American literature, contemporary American diasporic literature and trauma fiction.
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McLaren, Christine E., Stela McLachlan, Chad P. Garner, et al. "Associations Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Iron-Related Genes and Iron Status in Multiethnic Populations." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2105.2105.
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Abstract Abstract 2105 The existence of multiple inherited disorders of iron metabolism in man, rodents and other vertebrates suggests genetic contributions to iron deficiency. We hypothesized that common variants in genes involved in iron metabolism may modulate susceptibility or resistance to the development of iron deficiency in humans. To examine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in key genes involved in iron metabolism pathways, we previously performed a genome-wide association study using DNA collected from white men aged ≥25 y and women ≥50 y in the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study with serum ferritin (SF) ≤12 μg/L (cases) and controls (SF >100 μg/L in men, SF >50 μg/L in women). We now report on a multiethnic follow-up association study of HEIRS participants. Candidate SNPs were identified from our GWAS and the scientific literature. Population samples of whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians from the U.S. and Canada were analyzed separately for association between SNPs and case-control status and each of seven quantitative outcomes including serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), transferrin saturation, SF, serum transferrin receptor, and body iron. There were 1084 white (357 cases, 727 controls), 153 Asian (51 cases, 102 controls), 221 African American (77 cases, 144 controls) and 233 of 239 Hispanic individuals (79 cases, 160 controls) that passed quality control. For the African-American and Hispanic samples, ancestry proportions were estimated based on genotypes of ancestry informative markers. Regression analysis was used to examine the association between case-control status and quantitative serum iron measures and 1134, 1115, 1113 and 1134 SNP genotypes in the white, African-American, Hispanic, and Asian population samples, respectively. Model predictors included age, sex, the estimated ancestry proportion (for African American and Hispanic only), genotype, and measured covariates that showed nominally significant associations with the outcome. Three chromosomal regions showed evidence of association across multiple populations, including SNPs in the TF gene on chromosome 3q22, the TMPRSS6 gene on chromosome 22q12, and loci on chromosome 18q21. SNP rs1421312 in TMPRSS6 was associated with serum iron in whites (p=4.7×10−7) and was replicated in African Americans (p=0.0012).Twenty SNPs in the TF gene region were significantly associated with TIBC in the white sample (p<4.4×10−5); six SNPs were replicated in other ethnicities (p< 0.01). SNP rs10904850 in the CUBN gene on 10p13 was significantly associated with serum iron in the African-American sample (P=1.0×10−5). Mutations in the TMPRSS6 gene have been implicated in iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia through linkage studies. We found a novel SNP in TMPRSS6 that was associated with serum iron in whites and replicated in African Americans, suggesting a role for this SNP in increasing the risk of iron deficiency in affected persons. Our results confirm known associations with iron measures and give evidence of their role in different ethnic groups, a unique aspect of this study, suggesting origins in a common founder. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ho, Phoenix A., Todd A. Alonzo, Robert B. Gerbing, et al. "WT1 snp rs16754 Genotype Predicts Treatment Related Mortality (TRM) in African-American and Asian Pediatric AML Patients: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1385.1385.
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Abstract Abstract 1385 Background: Successful treatment of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) requires multi-agent chemotherapy, beginning with intensive induction regimens. Treatment-related mortality (TRM) remains a significant concern, and may be influenced by patient-specific factors. Outcomes in adult and pediatric AML differ among ethnicities. We reported that the minor (G) allele of the WT1 synonymous SNP rs16754 is associated with improved outcome. Racial frequencies of SNP rs16754 vary significantly. Here we explore rs16754 genotype and 5-year rates of overall survival (OS), complete remission (CR), relapse risk (RR) and TRM in the Children's Cancer Group trial CCG-2961, in the context of ethnicity. Methods: To assess SNP rs16754 genotype, we directly sequenced WT1 exon 7 on available diagnostic specimens (N=492) from pediatric AML patients enrolled on CCG-2961. Patients with at least one minor (G) allele were considered SNP+, while patients homozygous for the major (A) allele were considered SNP−. We stratified SNP genotype by ethnicity and analyzed outcomes. In the 2961 trial, Induction Course 1 consisted of an intensively-timed hybrid regimen (Ida-DCTER: idarubicin/daunorubicin, dexamethasone, cytarabine, thioguanine, and etoposide). Patients with at least partial remission (<30% marrow blasts) were randomized to receive Induction Course 2 consisting of either a repeat course of Ida-DCTER (Regimen A) or Ida-FLAG (idarubicin, fludarabine, cytarabine; Regimen B). As most TRM events occurred within the first two cycles of chemotherapy, TRM was further examined separately on each of these two study arms. Results: Twenty-eight percent of patients were SNP+; SNP positivity correlated with improved overall survival (5 year OS, 61% vs. 44%, p=0.009), although other outcome measures (CR, RR, DFS) were not significantly different between SNP+ and SNP− groups in the 2961 study. Prevalence of the SNP G allele varied significantly across ethnic groups (p=0.034): Asian (n=8/15, 53%), Hispanic (n=28/82, 34%), Caucasian (n=81/322, 25%), and African-American (n=10/47, 21%). When examining rs16754 genotype within ethnic subgroups, SNP+ patients had higher 5 year OS in each population (Hispanic: 49% vs. 37%, p=0.433; African-American: 56% vs. 30%, p=0.207; Asian: 88% vs. 29%, p=0.037; and Caucasian: 65% vs. 48%, p =0.051); statistical significance was approached in the Caucasian group and was achieved only in the Asian group. When patients of all ethnicities were considered together, TRM rates did not vary by rs16754 genotype. However, TRM rate was significantly lower in SNP+ African-American and Asian patients taken together compared to their SNP− counterparts (p=0.020) with a trend to significance taken individually (Asian: 0% vs. 43%, p=0.063; African-American: 0% vs. 25%, p=0.105). Further, for patients who survived Induction 1 and underwent Induction 2 randomization, SNP− Asian and African-American patients experienced higher rates of TRM from randomization disproportionately on Arm B (p=0.107), where TRM in SNP+ vs. SNP− patients was 0% vs 60% in Asian patients (Arm B n=9, p=0.110) and 0% vs. 14% in African-American patients (Arm B n=21, p=0.305). Conclusions: As CCG-2961 comprised blocks of intensive inpatient therapy, this clinical trial provides a setting in which to study the effects of ethnicity on outcome while minimizing confounding non-biologic factors. African-American and Asian patients who were negative for SNP rs16754 experienced disproportionate TRM, particularly on experimental Arm B, which tested the then-novel agent fludarabine; conversely, the TRM rate was 0% for SNP+ patients of these two ethnicities. The biologic mechanism for this observation bears further study, as biomarkers predictive of drug-specific toxicity may inform treatment decisions in certain ethnic populations. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Anwar, Inzamam, and Naeem Ul Islam. "Learned Features are Better for Ethnicity Classification." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 17, no. 3 (2017): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cait-2017-0036.
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Abstract Ethnicity is a key demographic attribute of human beings and it plays a vital role in automatic facial recognition and have extensive real world applications such as Human Computer Interaction (HCI); demographic based classification; biometric based recognition; security and defense to name a few. In this paper, we present a novel approach for extracting ethnicity from the facial images. The proposed method makes use of a pre trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extract the features, then Support Vector Machine (SVM) with linear kernel is used as a classifier. This technique uses translational invariant hierarchical features learned by the network, in contrast to previous works, which use hand crafted features such as Local Binary Pattern (LBP); Gabor, etc. Thorough experiments are presented on ten different facial databases, which strongly suggest that our approach is robust to different expressions and illuminations conditions. Here we consider ethnicity classification as a three class problem including Asian, African-American and Caucasian. Average classification accuracy over all databases is 98.28%, 99.66% and 99.05% for Asian, African-American and Caucasian respectively. All the codes are available for reproducing the results on request.
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Nair, Deepak. "Saving face in diplomacy: A political sociology of face-to-face interactions in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations." European Journal of International Relations 25, no. 3 (2019): 672–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066118822117.
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Face-saving is a ubiquitous yet under-theorized phenomenon in International Relations. Prevailing accounts refer to face-saving as a shorthand for status and reputation, as a “cultural” trait found outside Euro-American societies, and as a technique for defusing militarized inter-state crisis, without, however, an explanation of its source and repertoire. In this article, I argue that it is possible to recover face-saving from cultural essentialism, and that face-saving practices geared to avoid embarrassment are micro-level mechanisms that produce international institutions like diplomacy. Drawing on the work of sociologists Erving Goffman and Pierre Bourdieu, I propose a theory of face-saving that accounts for its source, effects, and variation. I evaluate this theory with a study of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a diplomacy that has long espoused a discourse of “saving face” couched in Asian cultural exceptionalism. I combine a political sociology of ASEAN’s ruling regimes with an ethnography of its diplomats based on 13 consecutive months of fieldwork in Jakarta, Indonesia, to substantiate this wider theoretical argument. I demonstrate that, first, ASEAN’s face-saving practices are rooted in the legacies of authoritarianism rather than essentialist “culture,” and, second, that face-saving practices enable performances of sovereign equality, diplomatic kinship, and conflict avoidance among ASEAN’s diplomats. This article grants a distinct conceptual space to face-saving in International Relations, contributes to international practice theory by situating practices in the context of state–society relations, and offers a novel interpretation of what the “ASEAN Way” of doing diplomacy looks like in practice.
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Jin, Xiao-Ye, Yuan-Yuan Wei, Qiong Lan, et al. "A set of novel SNP loci for differentiating continental populations and three Chinese populations." PeerJ 7 (March 29, 2019): e6508. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6508.
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In recent years, forensic geneticists have begun to develop some ancestry informative marker (AIM) panels for ancestry analysis of regional populations. In this study, we chose 48 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from SPSmart database to infer ancestry origins of continental populations and Chinese subpopulations. Based on the genetic data of four continental populations (African, American, East Asian and European) from the CEPH-HGDP database, the power of these SNPs for differentiating continental populations was assessed. Population genetic structure revealed that distinct ancestry components among these continental populations could be discerned by these SNPs. Another novel population set from 1000 Genomes Phase 3 was treated as testing populations to further validate the efficiency of the selected SNPs. Twenty-two populations from CEPH-HGDP database were classified into three known populations (African, East Asian, and European) based on their biogeographical regions. Principal component analysis and Bayes analysis of testing populations and three known populations indicated these testing populations could be correctly assigned to their corresponding biogeographical origins. For three Chinese populations (Han, Mongolian, and Uygur), multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that these 48 SNPs could be used to estimate ancestry origins of these populations. Therefore, these SNPs possessed the promising potency in ancestry analysis among continental populations and some Chinese populations, and they could be used in population genetics and forensic research.
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Hodges, Jaret, Juliana Tay, Yukiko Maeda, and Marcia Gentry. "A Meta-Analysis of Gifted and Talented Identification Practices." Gifted Child Quarterly 62, no. 2 (2018): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0016986217752107.
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Researchers consider the underrepresentation of Black, Hispanic, and Native American students is largely due to the use of traditional methods of identification (i.e., IQ and standardized achievement tests). To address this concern, researchers created novel nontraditional identification methods (e.g., nonverbal tests, student portfolios, affective checklists). This meta-analysis of 54 studies, consisting of 85 effect sizes representing 191,287,563 students, provides evidence that nontraditional identification methods, while able to narrow the proportional identification gap between underrepresented (Black, Hispanic, and Native American) and represented (Asian and White American) populations, are still unable to address the issue of education inequity. An overall risk ratio of 0.34 was calculated for nontraditional methods of identification in comparison with a 0.27 risk ratio for traditional methods. While the nontraditional methods help identify more underrepresented students as gifted, the results of this meta-analysis show that better identification methods are needed to address inequities in identification.
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-Mustafa, Atta-ul, Ghulam Murtaza, and Shaheena Bhatti. "Tripartite Globalization, Afghanistan and Rahman’s In The Light Of What We Know." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. IV (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-iv).01.
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Globalization is the instrument of disintegration and weakening of nations through a vast network of transnational companies and their monopoly on global markets that destabilize a nations economy by enhancing the interdependence of the countries and weakening the nation-states grip over its geographical borders. Rahman in his novel In the Light of What We Know (2014) shows Afghanistan as a victim of tripartite – economic, cultural, political – globalization. Using Spencer & Wollmans (2002), Appadurais (2005) and Giddens (1990) critique and analyses of globalization, this study explores how Afghanistan has been gripped by the forces of globalization. Raemdoncks (2013) conceptualization of three dimensional global games of chess – great game, little game, and domestic game – being played by America, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia, ISI and NGOs in Afghanistan chalks out the American designs of getting access to the oil and gas reservoirs in Afghanistan and Central Asian states.
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Leidner, Rom S., Pingfu Fu, Bradley Clifford, et al. "Genetic Abnormalities of theEGFRPathway in African American Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 33 (2009): 5620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.23.1431.
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PurposePrevious studies in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have demonstrated a wide variation in responsiveness to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) –targeting agents and in genetic aberrancies of the EGFR pathway according to ethnic background, most notably a higher frequency of activating EGFR mutations among East-Asian patients. We investigated the frequency of EGFR pathway aberrancies among African American patients with NSCLC, for whom limited information presently exists.Patients and MethodsEGFR fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on archived tissues from 53 African American patients. Extracted DNA was sequenced for mutational analysis of EGFR exons 18 to 21 and KRAS exon 2. Results were compared by multivariate analysis to an historical control cohort of 102 white patients with NSCLC.ResultsAfrican Americans were significantly less likely to harbor activating mutations of EGFR than white patients (2% v 17%; P = .022). Only one EGFR mutation was identified, a novel S768N substitution. EGFR FISH assay was more frequently positive for African Americans than for white patients (51% v 32%; P = .018). KRAS mutational frequency did not differ between the groups (23% v 21%; P = .409).ConclusionAfrican American patients with NSCLC are significantly less likely than white counterparts to harbor activating mutations of EGFR, which suggests that EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are unlikely to yield major remissions in this population. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence that points to genetic heterogeneity of the EGFR pathway in NSCLC among different ethnic groups and that underscores the need for consideration of these differences in the design of future trials of agents that target the EGFR pathway.
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Kimak, Izabella. "(Non)Places of Bangalore: Where the East Meets the West in Bharati Mukherjee’s Miss New India." Polish Journal for American Studies, no. 13 (Spring 2019) (October 15, 2019): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/pjas.13/1/2019.07.
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This essay constitutes an attempt at reading Bharati Mukherjee’s 2011 novel, Miss New India, through the prism of spatial locations depicted in it. Unlike many of the texts in the late South Asian American author’s oeuvre, which depict migration from the East to the West, Miss New India is located exclusively within South Asia. This notwithstanding, the novel focuses on the impact the West used to and continues to exert on the East. I would like to argue that through her depictions of places and non-places of Bangalore-the novel’s primary location-Mukherjee points to the spatial interconnectedness of the East and the West as well as to the temporal interconnectedness of the colonial past and postcolonial, late-capitalist present.
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Nicholas, Monacelli. "Applying Cold-Ironing Regulation in Southeast Asian Ports to Reduce Emissions." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 2, no. 2 (2017): 296–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-00202006.
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The imo estimates that international shipping contributes 796 tons of greenhouse gases each year, representing more than 2% of the global total. While the majority of these emissions occur at sea while transiting between ports, a non-trivial amount occurs while ships are docked. The traditional practice has been for ships to keep their engines running while in port, primarily to generate power. “Cold ironing” is when, alternatively, ships in port shut down their engines and take power from the pier. While a novel concept in the shipping industry, it has been the status quo for naval vessels for nearly a century. American ports pioneered the technology, while other global facilities have room to improve. This research investigates the extent that cold ironing will assist in reducing overall greenhouse gas emissions in Southeast Asian ports. Additionally, it looks at the hurdles to implementation, and other alternatives. Amongst a complex web of technology and regulatory schemes to minimize shipboard emissions, the practical effects and benefits of cold ironing cannot be ignored.
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Ehlers, B., S. Burkhardt, M. Goltz, et al. "Genetic and ultrastructural characterization of a European isolate of the fatal endotheliotropic elephant herpesvirus." Journal of General Virology 82, no. 3 (2001): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-3-475.
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A male Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) died at the Berlin zoological gardens in August 1998 of systemic infection with the novel endotheliotropic elephant herpesvirus (ElHV-1). This virus causes a fatal haemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants, the so-called endothelial inclusion body disease, as reported from North American zoological gardens. In the present work, ElHV-1 was visualized ultrastructurally in affected organ material. Furthermore, a gene block comprising the complete glycoprotein B (gB) and DNA polymerase (DPOL) genes as well as two partial genes was amplified by PCR-based genome walking and sequenced. The gene content and arrangement were similar to those of members of the Betaherpesvirinae. However, phylogenetic analysis with gB and DPOL consistently revealed a very distant relationship to the betaherpesviruses. Therefore, ElHV-1 may be a member of a new genus or even a new herpesvirus subfamily. The sequence information generated was used to set up a nested-PCR assay for diagnosis of suspected cases of endothelial inclusion body disease. Furthermore, it will aid in the development of antibody-based detection methods and of vaccination strategies against this fatal herpesvirus infection in the endangered Asian elephant.
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Yao, Xiaofeng, Jianping Wang, Susan P. Ashdown, Shunhua Luo, and Hui Shi. "Analysis of females’ preferences for buttock shapes with different ethnic backgrounds." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 28, no. 5 (2016): 600–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-11-2015-0128.
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Purpose Understanding costumer requirements is a precondition for clothing design and manufacturing. A good shapewear designer should know women’s preferences for their buttock shapes before making patterns. The purpose of this paper is to figure out factors affecting the beauty of women’s buttock shapes and the effect of ethnic background to buttock shapes preference. Design/methodology/approach The approach utilized both 3D virtual models and 3D printed models to detect women’s preference for their buttock shapes. As a first stage, a two-step K-means cluster method was used to classify female buttock shapes into ten groups and these ten kinds of buttock shapes were output as 3D virtual models and printed out as 3D plastic models. In a subsequent stage, 51 Caucasians, 35 African-Americans and 49 Asians were selected to rank the models separately based on their preference and choose the factors which they thought could influence the beauty of buttock shapes. Kendall’s W coefficient was tested to help assessing the ranking results. Finally, a sample girdle was designed based on the buttock shape preferences of Asian females as an example, and was tested by a model. Findings Results showed some correlation between ethnicity and buttock shape preference. Both methods of presentation of the shapes were equally preferred by participants. Caucasian women preferred a full, round buttock shape, which was coordinated to other parts of the body. The attractive buttock shape as judged by Asian women was curvy, not drooping and not too big. African-American women choose buttock shapes that were very full with high buttock bumps as beautiful. A sample girdle was made based on the preferences of Asian females and it proved to perform well in creating the desired shape during the trial test. Originality/value Current research in the literature about women’s buttock beauty is based on plastic surgeons’ experiences. This study provides a novel method to analyze female’s preference for their buttock shapes; a method that can also be used for other body parts. The results can also be used as an indicator for underwear designers to improve shapewear pattern designs and for consumers to evaluate the shaping ability of shapewear.
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Cui, Tian-Yi, Xue Gao, Sha-Sha Huang, et al. "Four Novel Variants in POU4F3 Cause Autosomal Dominant Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss." Neural Plasticity 2020 (July 1, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6137083.
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Hereditary hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disabilities worldwide. Mutation of POU domain class 4 transcription factor 3 (POU4F3) is considered the pathogenic cause of autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL), designated as autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 15. In this study, four novel variants in POU4F3, c.696G>T (p.Glu232Asp), c.325C>T (p.His109Tyr), c.635T>C (p.Leu212Pro), and c.183delG (p.Ala62Argfs∗22), were identified in four different Chinese families with ADNSHL by targeted next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, c.183delG (p.Ala62Argfs∗22) is classified as a pathogenic variant, c.696G>T (p.Glu232Asp) and c.635T>C (p.Leu212Pro) are classified as likely pathogenic variants, and c.325C>T (p.His109Tyr) is classified as a variant of uncertain significance. Based on previous reports and the results of this study, we speculated that POU4F3 pathogenic variants are significant contributors to ADNSHL in the East Asian population. Therefore, screening of POU4F3 should be a routine examination for the diagnosis of hereditary hearing loss.
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Izevbigie, Ernest B. "Discovery of Water-Soluble Anticancer Agents (Edotides) from a Vegetable Found in Benin City, Nigeria." Experimental Biology and Medicine 228, no. 3 (2003): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153537020322800308.
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Cancer claims the lives of more than six million people each year in the world. About 1,268,000 new cancer cases, and 553,400 deaths were reported in the United States in 2001. Current treatment approaches have yielded significant progress in the fight against cancer, but the incidence of developing certain types of cancer continues to rise. This is especially true in the African-American communities. African Americans are about 33% more likely to die of cancer than are whites and more than twice likely to die of cancer as are Asian-Islander, American-Indians, and Hispanics. This increase coupled with the harsh side effects of some of the cancer chemotherapies have led to the search for more natural biological products, especially those derived from plant products, currently known as herbal medicine. There is a need for a continued search for novel natural products that may be used as cancer chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect(s) of a novel water-soluble leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) on human breast cancer cell DNA synthesis. MCF-7 cell line, considered a suitable model, was used in this study. Treatment of cells with physiologically relevant concentrations of water-soluble VA extract potently inhibited DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent fashion both in the absence and presence of serum. Fractions of VA extract separated using preparative reverse-phase chromatography also inhibited DNA synthesis (P < 0.005). These results suggest that VA vegetable, if incorporated in the diet, may prevent or delay the on-set of breast cancer.
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Yang, Mei, Yanni Han, Robert VanBuren, et al. "Genetic linkage maps for Asian and American lotus constructed using novel SSR markers derived from the genome of sequenced cultivar." BMC Genomics 13, no. 1 (2012): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-653.
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Camorlinga-Ponce, Margarita, Guillermo Perez-Perez, Gerardo Gonzalez-Valencia, et al. "Helicobacter pylori Genotyping from American Indigenous Groups Shows Novel Amerindian vacA and cagA Alleles and Asian, African and European Admixture." PLoS ONE 6, no. 11 (2011): e27212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027212.
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Griffith, Andrew W., Owen M. Doherty, and Christopher J. Gobler. "Ocean warming along temperate western boundaries of the Northern Hemisphere promotes an expansion of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1904 (2019): 20190340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0340.
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Since the early 1990s, ocean temperatures have increased and blooms of the icthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides (a.k.a. Margalefidinium polykrikoides ) have become more widespread across the Northern Hemisphere. This study used high-resolution (1–30 km), satellite-based sea surface temperature records since 1982 to model trends in growth and bloom season length for strains of C. polykrikoides inhabiting North American and East Asian coastlines to understand how warming has altered blooms in these regions. Methods provided approximately 180× greater spatial resolution than previous studies of the impacts of warming on harmful algae, providing novel insight into near shore, coastal environments. Along the US East Coast, significant increases in potential growth rates and bloom season length for North American ribotypes were observed with bloom-favourable conditions becoming established earlier and persisting longer from Chesapeake Bay through Cape Cod, areas where blooms have become newly established and/or intensified this century. Within the Sea of Japan, modelled mean potential growth rates and bloom season length of East Asian ribotypes displayed a significant positive correlation with rising sea surface temperatures since 1982, a period during which observed maximal cell densities of C. polykrikoides blooms have significantly increased. Results suggest that warming has contributed, in part, to altering the phenology of C. polykrikoides populations, potentially expanding its realized niche in temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere.
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Medel, Donna, Leah Meza, Artur Galimov, Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati, and Steve Sussman. "Notes From the Field: Vape Shop Business Operations Compliance in the Wake of COVID-19." Evaluation & the Health Professions 43, no. 2 (2020): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278720923224.
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The novel 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the closing of all but essential businesses in California. However, several nonessential businesses have remained open in Southern California despite the mandated “stay at home” order issued by the governor. As part of an ongoing vape shop project involving 88 participating shops, this study investigated the number of vape shops that remained open amidst the coronavirus outbreak and related mandates. Examination of shop social media websites and telephone calls to shops revealed that 61.4% ( n = 54) have remained open, particularly within Korean/Asian and Hispanic/Latino ethnic locations (32 of the 54 shops). Importantly, walk-in service was much higher within Hispanic/Latino locations compared to African American, Korean/Asian, or non-Hispanic White neighborhoods ( p = 0.03). It is not known if shops that stayed open were in direct violation of the order, didn’t know all the details of the order, or found a loophole in the order and believed that they were an essential business. Better communication between the vape shop industry and public health officials during this pandemic is needed.
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Whittemore, Alan T., and Zheng-Lian Xia. "Genome Size Variation in Elms (Ulmus spp.) and Related Genera." HortScience 52, no. 4 (2017): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11432-16.
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Elms (Ulmus spp.) are iconic street and landscape trees, but their use is currently limited by susceptibility to disease, especially Dutch elm disease (DED). Improved access to disease-resistant germplasm will be of great benefit for ongoing breeding and selection programs, but these programs have been limited historically by uncertain relationships among Ulmus species, especially the North American species and their putative Old World relatives. Estimates of genome size from 28 species representing both subgenera of Ulmus (subg. Ulmus and subg. Oreoptelea) and six species in the related small genera Zelkova, Hemiptelea, and Planera were estimated using flow cytometry. Genome-size estimates were calibrated using seven elms with known chromosome counts. Results strongly supported the subgeneric classification of Wiegrefe et al. Monoploid genome size was found to be quite constant within the subgenera of Ulmus they recognized and within the small genera, and polyploidy is uncommon in these plants. However, there are consistent differences in genome size between the subgenera of Ulmus and between them and the smaller genera, and these differences can be used to place species in their proper taxon, knowledge which can be useful in identifying disease-resistant germplasm that may be compatible with Ulmus americana and other North American taxa. Two Asian species that have sometimes been considered to be related to North American species now placed in subg. Oreoptelea were tested. The Himalayan Ulmus villosa has a much smaller genome than either of the subgenera, indicating that its relationship with other elms is rather remote. It may be a source of novel genes in Ulmus, but our results indicate it is not close to U. americana or other New World species. In contrast, results from the rare Chinese species Ulmus elongata support its placement in subg. Oreoptelea. It is the only close relative of the North American elms that is native to Asia, where DED is believed to have originated, and its response to DED infection should be evaluated.
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San, Juan E. "From Chinatown to Gunga Din Highway: Notes on Frank Chin's Writing Strategy." Ethnic Studies Review 24, no. 1 (2001): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2001.24.1.1.
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Exploring Frank Chin's work, particularly in his latest novel Gunga Din Highway, the essay endeavors to re-situate ethnic writing in the historical specificity of its inscription in the United States as a racial polity. This cognitive remapping of the literary field as reconfigured by multiculturalist liberalism may be accomplished by examining Chin's cultural politics. Chin's mode of strategic writing interrogates the modelminority myth and the premises of cultural nationalism. While it rejects the pluralist resolution of the traditional conflicts in the Chinese diaspora, Chin's satiric impulse proposes a defamiliarization of Asian American “common sense” adequate to provoke a revaluation of the presumed conjunction of ethnicities, cultures, and nationalities in the current counter-terrorist milieu.
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Donkersley, Philip, Farley W. S. Silva, Claudine M. Carvalho, Abdullah M. Al-Sadi, and Simon L. Elliot. "Biological, environmental and socioeconomic threats to citrus lime production." Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 125, no. 4 (2018): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41348-018-0160-x.
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Abstract Limes as a fruit crop are of great economic importance, key to Asian and South American cuisines and cultivated in nearly all tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Demand for limes is increasing, driven by World Health Organization recommendations. Pests and pathogens have significantly reduced global productivity, while changes in agronomic techniques aim to alleviate this stress. We present here a holistic examination of the major biotic (pests and pathogens) and abiotic (environment and socioeconomic) factors that presently limit global production of lime. The major producers of limes are India, China and Mexico, while loss of lime production in the United States from 2006 has led many countries in the Western Hemisphere (Mexico, Costa Rica and Brazil) to export primarily to the USA. The most widespread invertebrate pests of lime are Toxoptera citricida and Scirtothrips citri. Another insect, Diaphorina citri, vectors both Huanglongbing (HLB) and Witches Broom of Lime, which are particularly destructive diseases. Developing agronomic techniques focus on production of resistant and pathogen-free planting materials and control of insect vectors. HLB infects citrus in nearly all growing regions, and has been particularly devastating in Asian citrus. Meanwhile, Citrus tristeza virus has infected over 100 million citrus trees, mainly in the Americas and Mediterranean. Currently, Witches Broom Disease of Lime is localised to the Middle East, but recently it has been detected in South America. The range of its vectors (D. citri and Hishimonus phycitis) further raises concerns about the potential spread of this disease. Abiotic threats to lime production are also a significant concern; key areas of lime production such as Mexico, India and the Middle East suffer from increasing water stress and high soil salinity, which combined with invasive pests and pathogens, may eliminate lime production in these areas. To ensure future security in lime production, policy makers, researchers and growers will need to examine the potential of more resistant lime cultivars and establish novel areas of cultivation.
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Tan, Kim-Kee, Yung-Chie Tan, Li-Yen Chang, et al. "Geographical distribution of Brucella melitensis inferred from rpoB gene variation." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 11, no. 05 (2017): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7598.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Currently available tests have limitations for the identification of Brucella species and strains, and their genetic lineage. The genome sequence of the rpoB gene encoding the β-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase was investigated for its use in genotyping Brucella melitensis.
 Methodology: Complete rpoB gene sequences of globally distributed Brucella melitensis strains were analyzed. Single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) of the rpoB gene sequences were identified and used to type Brucella melitensis strains.
 Results: Six DNA polymorphisms were identified, of which two (nucleotides 3201 and 558) were novel. Analysis of the geographical distribution of the strains revealed a spatial clustering pattern with rpoB type 1 representing European and American strains, rpoB type 2 representing European, African, and Asian strains, rpoB type 3 representing Mediterranean strains, and rpoB type 4 representing African (C3201T) and European (C3201T/T558A) strains.
 Conclusions: We report the discovery of two novel SNPs of rpoB gene that can serve as useful markers for epidemiology and geographical tracking of B. melitensis.
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Zhou, Weige, Shijing Zhang, Zheyou Cai, et al. "A glycolysis-related gene pairs signature predicts prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma." PeerJ 8 (September 29, 2020): e9944. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9944.
Full textAbstract:
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most universal malignant liver tumors worldwide. However, there were no systematic studies to establish glycolysis‑related gene pairs (GRGPs) signatures for the patients with HCC. Therefore, the study aimed to establish novel GRGPs signatures to better predict the prognosis of HCC. Methods Based on the data from Gene Expression Omnibus, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium databases, glycolysis-related mRNAs were used to construct GRGPs. Cox regression was applied to establish a seventeen GRGPs signature in TCGA dataset, which was verified in two validation (European and American, and Asian) datasets. Results Seventeen prognostic GRGPs (HMMR_PFKFB1, CHST1_GYS2, MERTK_GYS2, GPC1_GYS2, LDHA_GOT2, IDUA_GNPDA1, IDUA_ME2, IDUA_G6PD, IDUA_GPC1, MPI_GPC1, SDC2_LDHA, PRPS1_PLOD2, GALK1_IER3, MET_PLOD2, GUSB_IGFBP3, IL13RA1_IGFBP3 and CYB5A_IGFBP3) were identified to be significantly progressive factors for the patients with HCC in the TCGA dataset, which constituted a GRGPs signature. The patients with HCC were classified into low-risk group and high-risk group based on the GRGPs signature. The GRGPs signature was a significantly independent prognostic indicator for the patients with HCC in TCGA (log-rank P = 2.898e−14). Consistent with the TCGA dataset, the patients in low-risk group had a longer OS in two validation datasets (European and American: P = 1.143e−02, and Asian: P = 6.342e−08). Additionally, the GRGPs signature was also validated as a significantly independent prognostic indicator in two validation datasets. Conclusion The seventeen GRGPs and their signature might be molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the patients with HCC.