Journal articles: 'Asian Art and Architecture'

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Siddiqi, Anooradha Iyer. "Introduction." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 40, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8747480.

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Abstract Drawing from histories of art and architecture, urbanism and planning, landscape, infrastructure, and media, this themed section is premised upon framing architecture beyond the terms of aesthetics or technology toward its agency as a form of knowledge. In this introduction and the articles that follow, architecture acts as an analytic with which to formulate understanding and meaning. Through modern histories and perspectives from the South Asian subcontinent, conceptualizing “South Asia” and “architecture” broadly and inclusively, the articles turn alternately to design and structure, aesthetics and affect, and the human and nonhuman in order to redefine the primary source. From the writings of a Sri Lankan architect, a capitol for a future Bangladesh, the princely state landscapes of a German-Indian planner, films of roads in Bhutan and Kashmir, gardens in Lahore, and towers in Karachi, this collection unsettles borders, writing across South Asian nations and contested territories together to name architectures operating in archival registers. Through habitations and speculations, it reimagines pasts and futures, recasting the architectural beyond instrument, as concept.

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Kim, Hyon-Sob. "The appearance of Korean architecture in the modern West." Architectural Research Quarterly 14, no. 4 (December 2010): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135511000145.

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Although the general influence of the architecture of East Asian countries on the formation and development of modern architecture has been widely recognised, detailed evidence about the extent and nature of this influence has been accruing through a growing body of research. This began with Chinoiserie, a Chinese-style fashion around the eighteenth century in Europe, which was imprinted in the Rococo interior as well as in the jardin anglo-chinois with its Chinese pavilions. Then in the late nineteenth century there was a European zeal for Japanese art, Japonisme, which appeared in the Arts and Crafts Movement and Art Nouveau. Consequently, East Asian influences came to be reflected in the concepts and designs of numerous modern architects. The representative figure is the American master Frank Lloyd Wright, who adopted the spatial concept of Laozi (or Lao-Tzu) and the organic characteristics of Japanese architecture. China and Japan had also appeared in various publications and architecture played a typical role in the interchange. Also, some notable Westerners had visited China and Japan.

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Henning, Moritz, Sally Below, Christian Hiller, and Eduard Kögel. "Encounters with Southeast Asian Modernism." Tropical Architecture in the Modern Diaspora, no. 63 (2020): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/63.a.sv57esux.

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Against the backdrop of the Bauhaus centenary in 2019, Encounters with Southeast Asian Modernism examined the history, significance, and future of postcolonial modernism in this region, with partners in four cities – Jakarta, Phnom Penh, Singapore, and Yangon. The project provided a historical perspective on the societal and political upheaval that accompanied the transition to independence after the colonial period in these countries. It also showcased current initiatives in the fields of art, architecture, and science that are committed to the preservation and use of Modernist buildings. In 2020, the project will continue with an exhibition and accompanying program in Berlin.

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Fina, Lien Iffah Naf’atu. "Southeast Asian Islamic Art and Architecture: Re-Examining The Claim of the Unity and Universality of Islamic Art." Sunan Kalijaga: International Journal of Islamic Civilization 1, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/skijic.v1i2.1364.

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This paper re-examines the claim of unity and universality of Islamic art, whose discussion usually disregards Islamic art and architecture in the Southeast Asian context. The question raised is where Islamic art in the Malay world should be put before the claim of the unity and universality of Islamic art and whether this claim is, thus, still valid. To meet this objective, the two heritages of Javanese Islamic art, Demak and Cirebon mosques and wayang, are presented and analyzed before such universal claim and pre-Islamic Javanese art. These Javanese expressions have unique features compared to those from the older Muslim world. The mosques lack geometric ornamentation and Qur’anic calligraphic decoration, and are rich with symbolism. However, both the mosques and wayang also clearly express the figurative designs. Thus, this paper argues that instead of geometric designs as the unified character of Islamic art as some argue, it should be the abstraction of motifs. This way, the universal claim of Islamic art accommodates the artistic expressions from the wider regions, including those from Southeast Asia. Besides the abstraction, these Javanese artistic expressions also shares other universal character of traditional development of Islamic art; its ability to always considering the local tradition while maintaining the basic principle of Islamic art. Javanese Islamic art is both Islamic and uniquely Javanese. In the midst of globalization and the contemporary tendency towards “Islamic authentication” by importing culture and tradition from the Middle East, including the mosque architecture, the latter character is vital. It tells that any direct import and implantation of other or foreign traditions to a certain region without any process of considering the local tradition and context has no basis and legitimation in Islamic artistic tradition.

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Makhmudova, Malika, and Mukhayyo Makhmudova. "THE ROLE OF RESTORATION AND SCIENTISTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS OF THE TEMURID PERIOD." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 28, 2021): 575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol4.6290.

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The article introduces the history of researches and study of the restoration of architectural monuments of the Temurid period. The architecture of the Temurid period of the Central Asian countries and Afghanistan, covering the period from the 14thto the 15thcenturies, is one of the brightest phenomena of world architecture. Amir Temur was one of the few leaders who was not only the creator of outstanding architectural masterpieces, but was also able to form a special architectural style in his state. The gardening art of this period also reached a high development. Therefore, the study and research of the architecture of this period, as well as its restoration is an extremely important task in world architecture. In this regard, the scientific, research, restoration works of many famous scientists, architects, architects-restorers are of great importance. Among them are Mauer, Zasypkin, Pugachenkova, Mankovskaya, Notkin, Zakhidov, Kryukov, Filimonov and many others who made invaluable contribution to the formation of and the development of the restoration school of Uzbekistan, as well as in the promotion and preservation of the cultural heritage of the Temurid period both in Uzbekistan and abroad. The experience of methods of restoration and conservation of architectural monuments of the Temurid period, including their architectural, compositional and artistic solution is considered and studied in the article.

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Sinha, Vandana. "Documentation of Indo-Islamic architecture built along a 16th-century highway." Art Libraries Journal 44, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2019.14.

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An internationally recognized presence in the documentation of Indic and South East Asian art and architecture, the Center for Art and Archaeology (CA&A) of the American Institute of Indian Studies (AIIS) conducted a documentation project in 2007 that explored an interesting range of built heritage arrayed along a 16th-century highway, the Agra – Lahore route, laid by the Mughal rulers of India. The stretch of the Agra – Lahore highway this project traced, crossed two north Indian states of independent India – Haryana and Punjab, and documented built heritage that survives on that road. The documentation revealed edifices unique to a travel environment including Caravansarai (rest house), Kos-Minars (distance markers), bridges, stepped-wells and Bagh (pleasure gardens) built under the patronage of Mughal elites. The project emphasized the importance of identifying the strands of cultural heritage and the processes of documenting them. A major aim of such documentation was to aid preservation of the monuments themselves by providing critical information for future decisions.

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Chiu, Chen-Yu, Philip Goad, Peter Myers, and Nur Yıldız Kılınçer. "Jørn Utzon's synthesis of Chinese and Japanese architecture in the design for Bagsværd Church." Architectural Research Quarterly 22, no. 4 (December 2018): 339–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135518000696.

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In his essay of 1983, ‘Towards a Critical Regionalism’, Kenneth Frampton referred to the Bagsværd Church as a primary exemplar, briefly citing the architect's representation of ‘the Chinese pagoda roof’ in this project, to emphasise the importance of crosscultural inspiration in the creation of ‘critical regionalism’. Peter Myers followed Frampton in his 1993 ‘Une histoire inachevée’, arguing for the significant role that Chinese architecture played as a source for Utzon's Bagsværd Church design and further variations on the theme of Chinese and Japanese exemplars on Utzon's work follows. Françoise Fromonot established the importance of the 1925 edition of the Yingzao-fashi (State Building Standard, first published in 1103 ad) and Johannes Prip-Møller's 1937 Chinese Buddhist Monasteries for Utzon; Philip Drew pointed out the significance of the work of Chinese writer Lin Yutang (1895–1976) and historian Osvald Sirén (1879–1966) as important channels through which Utzon perceived East Asian art and architecture; while in 2002, Richard Weston suggested Das Japanische Wohnhaus (1935), written by Japanese architect Tetsuro Yoshida (1894–1956), as a formational influence in Utzon's early perception of Japanese building culture. However, none of these works attempt to clarify the precise role that Chinese and Japanese precedents play in Utzon's architectural career. Two more recent studies, by Philip Goad and Michael Asgaard Andersen, have confirmed the role of Chinese architecture in Utzon's church design and have introduced new evidence and details, but there are still unanswered questions about the exact nature of these influences. This article attempts to address the detailed process of Utzon's cross-cultural practices for his design of the Bagsværd Church in order to reveal how Utzon interpreted specific ideas, ideals, and artefacts from East Asian building culture.

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Widodo, Johannes. "Current State of Modern Asian Architecture Discourse and Networking." Journal of Architectural Education 63, no. 2 (March 2010): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1531-314x.2010.01066.x.

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Iqbal, Saira. "Scenic and Scientific Representation of Water in Mughal Architecture: A case study of ShahJahan’s Quadrangle Lahore Fort, Pakistan." Academic Research Community publication 2, no. 2 (May 27, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v2i2.485.

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Nothing is useless in this world. Everything has its specific purpose and objectives with respect to its importance. The present-day hardware and materials utilized as a part of building swallow noteworthy measure of our national vitality. Ancient monumental buildings and palaces are still a place to relax without fans, coolers and air conditioners. There is a need to study the traditional buildings because they are time-tested. Mughal Architects are legendary for their creativity. Without beauty, architecture would just be the combination and amalgamation of some material. Hence, art is the soul and spirit of architecture. Mughal Architecture is the example of “Feeling of Wonder” that is the source of aesthetic experience. Mughals showed the great skills in infusing the Islamic idea with local tradition. Water has had been an important element in Asian culture and architecture. Water is an architectural element that is extensively used in our ancient buildings and in the garden of the Mughals. Water not only pleases the eye on a hot summer day, but also provides passive cooling. This paper deals with the utilization of water not only for the purpose of beautification of the site but also for studying the scientific utility of water. This study is a mixture of basic and applied methods according to architectural research methods. The study in this research will show how Mughals used water as an eminent representation of undaunted Mughal mastery in retaining and regulating the temperature along with the beautification purpose via fountains, water channels, and pools.

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Ahmed, Ar Sayed. "THE SPIRITUAL SEARCH OF ART OVER ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE WITH NON-FIGURATIVE REPRESENTATIONS." Journal of Islamic Architecture 3, no. 1 (September 2, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v3i1.2538.

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Art behind Islamic architecture actually based on geometric patterns, developed through a continuous practice over the centuries after centuries by the influences of various earlier cultures such as Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Central Asian and Persian. Basic shapes like squares and rectangles play significant role in Islamic architecture.The reason is, it might recall the principles that govern the order of the world- ‘Purity’, could only be resembled by pure forms. The façades built by rectangular bricks tend to shape the built form in regular modules. This brickwork casts shadows in strong desert sunlight and creates a three-dimensional effect as light is welcoming message from the Devine source, as it is regarded in all religions. In addition, various pointed starry patterns are common practice and get extremely complex when the outer points are joined together and intersections are connected in a systematic way. Another mode is based on organism of floral forms which recalls the feminine nature of life giving. Again, nobody will argue about the contribution of calligraphy is the most patronized art for decoration. Why have Islamic world choose this universal phenomena? As Allah’s creation is pre-decided, the credit of all creativity belongs to the almighty. Also to his messenger, the holy prophet; who taught us to think in this way. The world is only a shadow of real world; here man is on a bewildered search. May be their firm belief; what man can perceive, can only discover the geometric forms to constitute designs which were already existed before in the ‘real world’. Discovered geometric forms, therefore, tries to exemplify that perfect reality because creation of Allah has been obscured by the sins of mankind- Art of the complete surrender.

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Barinov, Yu, and O. Sokolskaya. "An analysis of the Chinese techniques and methods in the objects of landscape heritage in the city of Saratov, Russia." MATEC Web of Conferences 212 (2018): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821204018.

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In many regions of Russian Federatio, the objects of landscape heritage are in poor condition. They were created between the second half of the 18th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It was the period when landscape park constructions became widespread in Europe and Russia after establishing active trade and industry relations with East Asian countries, such as China. The research includes analysis of Chinese techniques and methods, which emerged in Russian objects of landscaping art, particularly in estate gardens and parks of the Volga region. The main criteria and flora used in “green” architecture in the territories of the landscape heritage objects of Saratov Volga region are discovered. The assessment of the range of greenery introduced from China and of the elements of the park architecture is given.

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James, David E. "The Name of a Desire: Recollections of Socialist Realism in East Asian Art Cinema." Grey Room 26 (January 2007): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/grey.2007.1.26.72.

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Margulis, Harry L. "Asian Villages: Downtown Sanctuaries, Immigrant Asian Reception Areas, and Festival Marketplaces." Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) 45, no. 3 (May 1992): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1425252.

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Rubino, Raphael, Benjamin Marie, Raj Dabre, Atushi Fujita, Masao Utiyama, and Eiichiro Sumita. "Extremely low-resource neural machine translation for Asian languages." Machine Translation 34, no. 4 (December 2020): 347–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10590-020-09258-6.

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AbstractThis paper presents a set of effective approaches to handle extremely low-resource language pairs for self-attention based neural machine translation (NMT) focusing on English and four Asian languages. Starting from an initial set of parallel sentences used to train bilingual baseline models, we introduce additional monolingual corpora and data processing techniques to improve translation quality. We describe a series of best practices and empirically validate the methods through an evaluation conducted on eight translation directions, based on state-of-the-art NMT approaches such as hyper-parameter search, data augmentation with forward and backward translation in combination with tags and noise, as well as joint multilingual training. Experiments show that the commonly used default architecture of self-attention NMT models does not reach the best results, validating previous work on the importance of hyper-parameter tuning. Additionally, empirical results indicate the amount of synthetic data required to efficiently increase the parameters of the models leading to the best translation quality measured by automatic metrics. We show that the best NMT models trained on large amount of tagged back-translations outperform three other synthetic data generation approaches. Finally, comparison with statistical machine translation (SMT) indicates that extremely low-resource NMT requires a large amount of synthetic parallel data obtained with back-translation in order to close the performance gap with the preceding SMT approach.

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Lu, Xilin. "New publisher for Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 18, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2019.1608085.

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Andersen, Angela. "The Buddhist Monastery, Art and Teachings as a Factor in the Development of North Indian and Central Asian Islamic Practice and Architecture." Illumine: Journal of the Centre for Studies in Religion and Society of Graduate Students Association 11, no. 1 (2012): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/illumine.andersena.1112012.

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Verri, Valeria Guzmán. "Gifting Architecture: China and the National Stadium in Costa Rica, 2007–11." Architectural History 63 (2020): 283–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2020.7.

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AbstractThe delivery of stadiums — either as gifts or as concessional loans — is part of a strategy that the People's Republic of China has been implementing since the mid-1960s in its diplomatic relations with Asian, African, Caribbean and South Pacific countries. The National Stadium in Costa Rica, designed and built from 2007 to 2011, is a prime example of China's diplomatic drive through the cultural-geopolitical spaces of the ‘Third World’. It reveals the political, financial and diplomatic operations at stake, the kind of roles architects are expected to perform and the forms of architectural debate (if any) they elicit. The stadium also brought with it the visions, interests and weaknesses of specific architectural practices related to Chinese foreign-aid projects, which involved the replication of identical forms across continents. The building highlights the interrelated processes that China has developed over decades through diplomacy and financing, the construction industry, public administration, architectural know-how and global trade.

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Meister, Michael W. "Review: The Toraṇa in Indian and Southeast Asian Architecture by Parul Pandya Dhar." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 70, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.1.113.

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Makhmudova, Malika, and Muhayyo Makhmudova. "TRADITIONAL CRAFTS OF UZBEKISTAN IN MODERN INTERIOR DESIGN." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 26, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2017vol4.2432.

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The article describes the historical development of the decoration of architectural monuments of Uzbekistan, characteristics of ethno-style, the use of traditional crafts and motifs in interior design, regularity of use of ethno-style in a modern architectural environment. Analytical approaches and methods of comparison were used in the article as well as materials of the authors’ researches. In addition, the literature on the Central Asian decor, applied art and crafts of Uzbekistan, interior design in ethno-style and others was studied.

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Ngaibiakching and Amba Pande. "India’s Act East Policy and ASEAN: Building a Regional Order Through Partnership in the Indo-Pacific." International Studies 57, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881719885526.

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Over the past few decades, India’s security concerns have undergone a substantial change. With the formulation of the Look East Policy (LEP) in the 1990s, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as a regional entity became an essential component and a corridor for India’s outreach to Southeast Asia. In 2014, the LEP became more encompassing with a shift to the Act East Policy (AEP). The global security and economic environment too are witnessing significant changes with the USA taking a back seat, China’s aggressive positioning and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) coupled with the emerging geopolitical construct of ‘Indo-Pacific’. The regional stakeholders, such as ASEAN, the USA, Japan, Australia and India are yet to form a unified stand on the Indo-Pacific concept as well as the regional security architecture. The AEP appropriately fits into the current scenario as India is set to take up a larger role in the regional security environment while keeping the centrality of ASEAN intact. New Delhi seeks to create a platform for mutual development in the Indo-Pacific and engage with like-minded nations in the quest for a rules-based order that promotes transparency, respect for sovereignty and international law, stability and free and fair-trade framework. India and ASEAN can be apt partners in the Indo-Pacific to play a constructive role and build a regional order.

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Rice, John Henry. "Review: Reinstallation of the South Asian Galleries." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 77, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2018.77.1.109.

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Knipe, David M. "Stalking the Sacrifice." Journal of Asian Studies 45, no. 2 (February 1986): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2055847.

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This two-volume study of a great Vedic sacrifice, the Agnicayana, or “piling of the fire altar,” accomplishes two ends. First, the work is detailed ethnographic coverage of the twelve-day Agnicayana performed by the Nambudiri Brahmin community in Panjal, Kerala, South India, in April 1975. Parts 2, 4, and 5 include episodic mantraby-mantra outlines of the ritual with translations of key texts, color photographs, line drawings, and maps; a glossary and bibliography are appended. Second, parts 1 and 3 together provide a mini-encyclopedia of current information about the context of Vedic ritual in general. Twenty-two articles take up essential aspects of South Asian prehistory, ancient history, architecture, art, symbolism, and music, as well as hermeneutical studies of Vedic tradition and the Agnicayana in particular. The volumes are aesthetically stunning, and they provide a benchmark for the interdisciplinary, multifaceted study of an historic religious phenomenon.

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Qamaruz Zaman, Nurulhusna, Aidatul Fadzlin Bakri, Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad, and Ahmad Tarmizi Ab Jalal. "Art Installation as a Catalyst to Activities and Positive Behaviour in Back Lanes of Shah Alam Commercial Areas." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2016): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i1.230.

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This paper represents on women behavior safety enigma, also an on-going progress study of the cultural landscape in the context of the historic city where knowledge unfolds. The study has tracked women’s experience of place, which responses on the visual elements that become an incredibly diverse culture surrounding and norms. Eventually, the historic city seems meet their expectations in cultural aspects a safe building has resulted for living and work environment. Therefore, having known their understanding influence on structure-building façade concluded and rediscovered the perception that adds value contributes in the urban setting.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: People and environments; cultural knowledge; architecture; indigenous architecture

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ASHUROV, BARAKATULLO. "‘Sogdian Christianity’: Evidence from architecture and material culture." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 29, no. 1 (November 8, 2018): 127–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186318000330.

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This article aims to discuss the question of the inculturation of Syriac Christianity in Central Asia, based on archaeological examples including architectural evidence from a particular ethnocultural area: Sogdiana. It questions to what extent the Eastern Syriac Church has become rooted in local culture, thus enabling Christian communities to express their faith in both material and artistic ways. This article is divided into two sections which present a comprehensive study of the medieval sources relevant to the spread and establishment of Christianity in the Central Asian landmass by considering and analyzing existing tangible evidence. In doing so, it provides assessment of comparable evidence, which demonstrates both the “extended” and an “immediate” context in which Eastern Syriac Christianity was accepted, adapted and transformed into a localised expression of Christian faith.

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Jasmi, Muhammad Falihin, and Nik Hanita Nik Mohamad. "Public Art Roles in Malaysian Urban Landscape." Asian Journal of Quality of Life 3, no. 10 (March 18, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i10.108.

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Public art involves a collaboration of stakeholders, promotes a sense of community and contributes to a substantial public realm. Therefore, to investigate the aesthetic and functional values of public art in the local context, this paper reviews several public art projects in Malaysia, as reference studies. It examines the various dimensions of public art typology and significance roles of the public art installation. The outcome of this paper is hoped to provide a better understanding and appreciation of public art among stakeholders that lead to more successful implementation for a better quality of the public realm in the urban spaces.Keywords: Public art; roles of public art; urban landscape; urban quality of lifeeISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

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Cairns, Stephen. "Asian Ethical Urbanism: A Radical Postmodern Perspective and Asian Alterity: With Special Reference to Architecture and Urbanism through the Lens of Cultural Studies." Journal of Architectural Education 63, no. 2 (March 2010): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1531-314x.2010.01081.x.

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Jasmi, Muhammad Falihin, and Nik Hanita Nik Mohamad. "Assessment of Adaptable Urban Environment for Public Art Integration through Observation Study: Johor Bahru City Centre." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 4 (August 8, 2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i4.383.

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<a style="cursor: pointer;" href="https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog?doi=10.21834/e-bpj.v1i4.383&domain=ebpj.e-iph.co.uk&uri_scheme=http%3A&cm_version=v2.0" data-target="crossmark"><img src="/xmark.jpg" alt="" /> </a>In Malaysia, there is an unprecedented interest in public art, especially in the major cities. Notwithstanding the increasing interest, however, the local agenda, rationale and placement of public art are extensively debatable. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the adaptable urban environment for public art integration towards enhancing the image of Johor Bahru City Centre, through an observation study. It identifies the urban morphology that substantiates development of a suitability plan for public art placement, whilst refining legibility, connectivity, and urban fabric. The outcome of this paper is hoped to support multi-disciplinary built environment professionals in defining guidelines and strategies for public art, towards a liveable city.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Public Art; Urban Environment; Adaptable Environment; Urban Morphology

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Koch, Ebba. "Ḥiṣār-i Firuza: Sultanate and early Mughal architecture in the district of Hisar, India. By Mehrdad and Natalie H. Shokoohy. (Monographs on Art, Archaeology and Architecture, South Asian Series.) pp. vi, 138, 47 figs., 141 b. & w. illus. London, Monographs on Art, Archaeology and Architecture, 1988. £27.00 (cloth), £19.00 (paperback)." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 121, no. 2 (April 1989): 362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00109669.

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Westermann, Claudia. "Poiesis, ecology and embodied cognition." Technoetic Arts 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear_00023_1.

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Since René Descartes famously separated the concepts of body and mind in the seventeenth century, western philosophy and theory have struggled to conceptualize the interconnectedness of minds, bodies, environments and cultures. While environmental psychology and the cognitive sciences have shown that spatial perception is ‘embodied’ and depends on the aforementioned concepts’ interconnectedness, architectural design practice, for example, has rarely incorporated these insights. The article presents research on the epistemological foundations that frame the communication between design theory and practice and juxtaposes it with scientific research on embodied experience. It further suggests that Asian aesthetics, with its long history in conceiving relations and art as interactive, could create a bridge between recent scientific insights and design practice. The article links Asian aesthetics to a discourse on ecologies in the post-Anthropocene, in dialogue with contemporary conceptions of time. It outlines an approach to the interconnectedness of minds, bodies, environments, the sciences and cultures, in favour of a future that is governed by creative wisdom rather than ‘smart’ efficiency.

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Jasmi, Muhammad Falihin, and Nik Hanita Nik Mohamad. "Assessment of Adaptable Urban Environment for Public Art Integration via Observation Study." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 13 (August 25, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.141.

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In Malaysia, there is an unprecedented interest in public art, especially in the major cities. Notwithstanding the increasing interest, however, the rationale and placement of it is extensively debatable. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the adaptable urban environment for public art integration towards enhancing the image of Johor Bahru City Centre, through an observation study. It identifies the urban morphology that substantiates development of suitability plan for public art placement, whilst refining legibility, connectivity, and urban fabric. The outcome of this paper is hoped to support related professionals in defining guidelines and strategies for public art, towards liveable city.Keywords: Public Art; Urban Environment; Adaptable Environment; Urban Morphology.eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.141

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Leslie, Fiona. "Inside Outside: Changing Attitudes Towards Architectural Models in the Museums at South Kensington." Architectural History 47 (2004): 159–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x0000174x.

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The union of these collections and the addition of the models of St. Paul’s and various classical buildings, betoken what an Architectural Museum may become, if the individuals and the State will act together. Every foreigner who has seen this commencement sees in it the germ of the finest Architectural Museum in Europe, if the public support the attempt.From the first years of its establishment in June 1857, to the end of the nineteenth century, the South Kensington Museum had amongst its collections over a hundred architectural models. First they were acquired through a policy of encouraged loans and gifts, followed by pro-actively commissioning model makers; other models, however, were at South Kensington through default, having remained on site where they had been made by ‘sappers’. The models, which included examples of Western, Asian and Far Eastern buildings and monuments, were first shown in displays under the headings of Ornamental, Architectural, Economics, and Educational. To give an indication of their initial importance to the museum, the early guidebooks feature architectural models amongst the ‘principle objects in the gallery’. Twenty years later most models had been transferred from what were essentially style galleries to the more utilitarian displays concerned with architectural and engineering practices, and within them they were merely included as part of the broader contextual themes. By the turn of the century, with the exception of the 1901 handbook to the models of Italian Renaissance painted interiors, they were rarely referred to at all in museum publications. By 1912 (soon after the Science and Art collections had been divided on either side of the Exhibition Road) most of the models were no longer on display and were thought by senior keepers to be of little use to museum collections. Many had been de-accessioned by the 1970s, when their position in the doldrums was reversed and models were once again included in the museum displays and exhibitions. This article explores the changes in attitude towards architectural models during the first 120 years of the V&A, focusing on the models of Western buildings.

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Anwar, Dewi Fortuna. "Indonesia and the ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific." International Affairs 96, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz223.

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Abstract Indonesia has taken a leadership role within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in drafting a common outlook on the Indo-Pacific concept. The widening of Indonesia's geostrategic canvas from the Asia–Pacific to the Indo-Pacific is in line with President Joko Widodo's intent to make Indonesia a Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF). In view of the rivalry between the US and China and the emergence of various Indo-Pacific initiatives from other countries, Indonesia believes that ASEAN must try to maintain its centrality. The draft of Indonesia's perspective for an ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific: towards a peaceful, prosperous, and inclusive region was submitted for considerations by ASEAN, and after 18 months of intensive lobbying by Indonesia the concept was finally adopted at the ASEAN Summit in June 2019. The ASEAN outlook promotes the principles of openness, inclusiveness, transparency, respect for international law and ASEAN centrality in the Indo-Pacific region. It proposes a building-block approach, seeking commonalities between existing regional initiatives in which ASEAN-led mechanisms will act as a fulcrum for both norm-setting and concrete cooperation. Rather than creating a new regional architecture, the East Asia Summit (EAS) is proposed as the platform for advancing the Indo-Pacific discourse and cooperation. Indonesia's ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific marks its renewed foreign policy activism as a middle power and underlines the continuing importance that Indonesia places on ASEAN as the cornerstone of its foreign policy, emphasising ASEAN's centrality as the primary vehicle for managing relations with the major powers in the Indo-Pacific region.

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Messnarz, Richard, Ricardo Colomo-Palacios, Georg Macher, Andreas Riel, and Miklos Biro. "Recent Advances in Cybersecurity and Safety Architectures in Automotive, IT, and Connected Services." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 27, no. 8 (August 28, 2021): 793–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jucs.72072.

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This is a special issue in cooperation with EuroSPI (www.eurospi.net). EuroSPI represents a large international network of renowned experts and annual European conference series running successfully since its foundation in 1994. From 2013 onwards, an international functional safety and from 2016 onwards a functional safety and cybersecurity workshop has been established, to which leading European and Asian industry and research have been actively contributing to. High-quality,  original  papers  about  best  practices  for  implementing  functional  safety  and cybersecurity in automotive, IT, and connected services have been selected for this special issue. They provide insights into the current state of the art implementations in automotive safety and cybersecurity, IT security, and safety in future highly autonomous self-learning vehicles.

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Chen, Steven. "How East Asian Organizations Implement Design Thinking (DT): A Typology." International Journal of Design Management and Professional Practice 14, no. 2 (2020): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-162x/cgp/v14i02/17-29.

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Anak Michael, Valerie, Khairul Aidil Azlin Abd Rahman, Shureen Faris Abdul Shukor, and Noor Azizi Mohd Ali. "Artistic Knowledge and Practices of Hybrid Art based on the Analysis of Malaysian Artists’ Artworks." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, SI1 (June 1, 2020): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5isi1.2305.

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The objective of this paper is to identify the artistic knowledge and practices of hybrid art among Malaysian artist’s artworks. The purpose is to analyze the artistic knowledge through Malaysian artist’s artworks. Ten selected artworks from the multidisciplinary artists had been choose. The researchers applied observation method to select the artworks that have the element of hybrid art and Kawakita Jiro method for the purpose of clustering the attributes for the artistic knowledge and practices of hybrid art. The finding shows that the advancement of technology, and freedom in exploring the material have affected the creation of hybrid artworks production. Keywords: Artists’ practices, Hybrid art practice, integration, cross disciplines. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2305

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Moura, Bianca, Carolina Cardoso Deuner, Gustavo Luiz Visintin, and Walter Boller. "Use of a Canopy Opener in Fungicide Applications to Improve Asian Soybean Rust Control." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 6 (2017): 1819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12130.

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Abstract. In soybeans, the leaves of the upper canopy often act as a shield against fungicide penetration, preventing pesticide deposition on target. Fungicide applications to control Asian soybean rust (ASR) are especially difficult because the infection usually starts on the lower canopy. In this study, soybean plants of an early indeterminate cultivar and a determinate cultivar were sprayed with the fungicide azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr at six different times of the day with or without the addition of a curtain of chains on the spray boom, which acted as a canopy opener. The number of uredia of cm-2 and grain yield were measured to evaluate application efficacy. We found that the use of the curtain of chains reduced ASR control on the upper canopy for the indeterminate cultivar; however, less of a negative effect was observed for the determinate cultivar. The curtain of chains improved ASR control on the lower and middle canopies at more hours of the day for the determinate cultivar. For both cultivars, the curtain of chains increased ASR control at 6:00, 9:00, and 18:00 h on the lower canopy. Grain yield was also higher with the curtain of chains at 6:00 and 9:00 h for the determinate cultivar. Our results showed that using the curtain of chains could improve fungicide droplet deposition on the lower canopy, leading to greater ASR control and possibly increasing yield. However, it is important to consider the plant architecture and hour of application to maximize the benefit of the curtain of chains. Keywords: Canopy opener, Fungicide penetration, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Plant architecture, Spray deposition.

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Michell, George. "Mehrdad Shokoohy and Natalie H. Shokoohy (ed.): Kirtipur: an urban community in Nepal—its people, town planning, architecture and arts. (Monographs on Art, Archaeology and Architecture, South Asian Series.) vi, 258 pp. London: Araxus Books, 1994. £43." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 59, no. 3 (October 1996): 586–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00031001.

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Jeong, Yoosoo, Seungmin Lee, Daejin Park, and Kil Park. "Accurate Age Estimation Using Multi-Task Siamese Network-Based Deep Metric Learning for Front Face Images." Symmetry 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10090385.

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Recently, there have been many studies on the automatic extraction of facial information using machine learning. Age estimation from front face images is becoming important, with various applications. Our proposed work is based on the binary classifier, which only determines whether two input images are clustered in a similar class, and trains the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) model using the deep metric learning method based on the Siamese network. To converge the results of the training Siamese network, two classes, for which age differences are below a certain level of distance, are considered as the same class, so the ratio of positive database images is increased. The deep metric learning method trains the CNN model to measure similarity based on only age data, but we found that the accumulated gender data can also be used to compare ages. From this experimental fact, we adopted a multi-task learning approach to consider the gender data for more accurate age estimation. In the experiment, we evaluated our approach using MORPH and MegaAge-Asian datasets, and compared gender classification accuracy only using age data from the training images. In addition, from the gender classification, we found that our proposed architecture, which is trained with only age data, performs age comparison by using the self-generated gender feature. The accuracy enhancement by multi-task learning, for the simultaneous consideration of age and gender data, is discussed. Our approach results in the best accuracy among the methods based on deep metric learning on MORPH dataset. Additionally, our method is also the best results compared with the results of the state of art in terms of age estimation on MegaAge Asian and MORPH datasets.

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Stucky, John. "A companion to Asian art and architecture. Edited by Rebecca M. Brown and Deborah S. Hutton. Wiley-Blackwell companions to art history. Chichester, West Sussex; Maiden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. 668 p. ill. ISBN 9781405185370. £110.00/$199.95 (hardcover)." Art Libraries Journal 38, no. 2 (2013): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030747220001806x.

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Bakker, Hans. "O.M. STARZA, The Jagannatha Temple at Puri. Its Architecture, Art and Cult. E.J. Brill, Leiden/New York/Köln 1993. Studies in South Asian Culture, vol. xv. NLG. 150/$85.75." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 39, no. 2 (1996): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568520962599995.

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Agus Bayu Purnomo, Indro Sulistyanto, and Rully. "PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN SOLO EXHIBITION AND CONVENTION CENTER DI SURAKARTA (Berpendekatan High Technology Architecture)." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36728/jtsa.v24i2.975.

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Kota Surakarta atau yang lebih di kenal dengan Kota Solo sering mengadakan event - event besar berskala nasional maupun Internasional seperti PON 1948, Asean Para Games 2011, Kongres Nasional PSSI 2011, World Toilet Summit. Selain itu Kota Solo banyak mengadakan event - event setiap tahun seperti Pameran Teknologi, Solo Culinary Festival, Job Fair, Festival Budaya, Pemilihan Putra Putri Solo dan pertunjukan lainya yang berskala internasional seperti Solo Internasional Performing Art. Tetapi kegiatan â€“ kegiatan tersebut sering dilakukan terpisah karena kurangnya fasilitas untuk menampung kegiatan tersebut. Rata-rata bangunan Exhibition and Convention hanya ada di hotelhotel besar yang terpencar-pencar sehingga kurang memadai apabila diadakan sebuah acara Exhibition and Convention dalam skala besar atau internasional. Melihat potensi kota dan keterbatasan fasilitas Exhibition and Convention Center yang tersedia di Kota Solo, maka diperlukan suatu fasilitas yang mampu mewadahi berbagai kegiatan Exhibition and Convention Center dengan segala fasilitas pendukungnya yang berskala internasional. Selain berdasarkan potensi kota, dipilih juga sebuah pendekatan yang mampu mendukung bangunan yaitu High Technology Architecture.

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Anak Michael, Valerie, Khairul Aidil Azlin Abd Rahman, Shureen Faris Abdul Shukor, and Noor Azizi Mohd Ali. "An Analysis of Artistic Diversity in Hybrid Art Practice among Malaysian Artists." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, SI1 (June 1, 2020): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5isi1.2307.

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This research objective is to analyze the artistic diversity in hybrid art practice among selected Malaysian artists. The paper examines the process of making hybrid artworks where focusing on media diversity and experiment activity. The researchers had used cluster sampling and twenty artists involved to answer the questionnaires. The researchers used bar graph and Principal Component Analysis to analyze the artistic diversity in Hybrid Art. The finding of media diversity shows that Malaysian artists are focusing on mixed media, strength and equipment. Besides, the artists are focusing on subject matter, experiment, influence and research for the finding of experiment activity. Keywords: Collaboration, experiment activity, media diversity, hybrid approach. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2307

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Abdul Mohit, Mohammad. "Quality-of-Life Studies in Natural and Built Environment: Challenges and emerging issues." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 10 (March 13, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i10.89.

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Quality of life (QOL) is a multifaceted concept being used by a variety of disciplines. Theoretical aspect of QOL relates to happiness, life satisfaction and needs satisfaction approaches. It is a complex construct, and its measurement is multidimensional. QOL researchers use either objective or subjective measurement or a combination of two, through modeling exercises. It is a growing area of research. Many disciplines have embedded QOL within their researches. Nevertheless, in Built Environment, such as Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Quantity Surveying, Applied Art, QOL researches are few. Therefore, it is recommended that QOL research should be embedded in environmental design discipline. Keywords: Quality of life, built environment; happiness; life satisfaction.eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

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Effendy, Sigit Mulyansyah, Nadira Elkalam, and Isami Kinoshita. "The Role and Potential of Art for New City Landmark: Case of Kampung Pelangi, Semarang, Indonesia." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 3, no. 9 (November 22, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i9.1541.

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Over the last few years, revitalization through painting in the slum area become popular in some cities in Indonesia. The attractive colors and illustrations have escalated the village on social media, especially for youth. The study focuses on investigating the roles of art in Kampung Pelangi potential for city landmark. Interviews and observations were done as a preliminary study, and survey online intended to understand the university students’ perception as a youth representative. The results have investigated that despite art has brought the dominant visual in the landscape, the unity with the existing landmark is needed to bring harmony to enhance the current image of the city.Keywords: New urbanism; landmark; the role of art; student’s perceptioneISSN: 2398-4287 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i9.1541

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MICHELL, GEORGE. "JULIA A. B. HEGEWALD: Water architecture in South Asia: a study of types, developments and meanings. (Studies in Asian Art and Archaeology, 24.) xiii, 266 pp. Leiden: Brill, 2002. €96." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 67, no. 1 (February 2004): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x04270069.

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Bishop, Kate. "Considering Art in a Hospital Environment from Children’s and Young People’s Perspectives." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 2, no. 5 (October 24, 2017): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v2i5.219.

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In response to research evidence, (predominantly research with adults) the need for artwork in healthcare environments is now regularly part of the initial design briefs for hospitals. The resulting artwork can be a collection of commissions; it can also be included as a seamless extension of the interior design concept. In the case of paediatric hospitals, it is unlikely that ‘art’ which is simply a graphic treatment applied to key surfaces throughout the hospital environment, could function in the ways that children and young people have identified in research as being valuable in their experience of hospitalisation. This one environmental attribute will be used to understand some of the key components of a hospital environment involved in children’s feeling of well-being from their perspectives. Keywords: children; hospitals; art; health eISSN 2514-751X © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

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Haryadi, Haryadi, Etik Umiyati, and Sony Tian Dhora. "Competitiveness and export development strategy for Indonesia's creative economy sector in the ASEAN market." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v9i2.11832.

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The main objectives of this study are (1) to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian exports in the ASEAN market (2) to formulate a strategy that will be able to support the export competitiveness of Indonesia's creative economy. Revealed Comparative Advantage, Acceleration Ratio, Export Competitiveness Index, and SWOT analysis (to determine a creative economy export development strategy using quantitative) were used as analysis tools. This study focused on examining the subsectors of architecture, movies, animation and video, craft, culinary, music, fashion, publishing, and art. Based on the results, we conclude that all subsectors have export competitiveness in the ASEAN market. Among them, craft and culinary appear as subsectors with strong competitiveness and meet all the analysis criteria. The results also show that SO strategy (growth) could be chosen to develop the creative economy.

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Naser, Faradiba Liana, Hanif Khairi, Rafeah Legino, and Rahman Rosman. "Cultural Consciousness: A case study of dying art on Batik Block in Malaysia." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 6, SI5 (September 1, 2021): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6isi5.2935.

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Malaysia's traditional batik block is a national treasure. However, it is slowly dying out, especially on the east coast. With globalisation and rapid technological change, batik block production is becoming limited as younger generations lose interest in block making. Few master block makers remain in Malaysia. Cultural awareness of block makers towards the Batik community and society is required. This research paper aims to make the traditional batik block more interesting and stimulating through innovation that does not change the original block state. The art of block making will continue to flourish to preserve Malaysia's traditional culture. Keywords: Cultural Consciousness, Dying Art, Batik Block eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA CE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2934

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Lah, Nataša. "Prilog širenju teorijske domene u povijesnom prostoru povijesti umjetnosti." Ars Adriatica, no. 3 (January 1, 2013): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.472.

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In the European cultural tradition of the second half of the nineteenth century, the framework of the discipline of art history was outlined through a clearly defined set of boundaries of its research into objects, space and time. By identifying itself as a history of European architecture, painting, sculpture and the applied arts, art history excluded the art of the primitive, Oriental, American and Asian, both early and moredeveloped civilizations from the remit of its research and study (Dilly). However, a scholarly paradigm which was postulated like this could not be applied to the study and assessment of numerous twentieth-centuryartistic practices which were based on the exploration of cultures as systems of discourse and ideology. In other words, a shattering shift within the discipline was caused by the epochal change of what a paradigm is: as suggested by T. S. Kuhn, it is understood as thenormative content of the topic under discussion. Such an understanding of a paradigm indirectly influences scholarly processes because it dictates what is to be researched, which questions are to be asked and how they are to be formulated, and how research findings are to be interpreted. Scholarly interest has turned from a chronological study of the development of artistic styles, schools and movements in the history ofEuropean art towards contextual research into the same topics which are set within a spatial and chronological framework of a series of discontinued revolutions in world views. The difficulty of applying a traditional scholarly apparatus to new models was also transferred in the field of aesthetics, which resulted in a complete rejection of the evaluation of art as judgement of taste, as it was specifically perceived in this philosophical (sub) discipline from Baumgarten (1750) onwards. To some degree, aesthetics was replaced by an interdisciplinaryunderstanding of art theory which developed from various autonomous disciplines which are nonetheless mutually interconnected through their research processes, that is, the social sciences and humanities such as history of art, art criticism, sociology of art, psychology of art, semiotics and semiology of art, philosophy of art and aesthetics. In such a context,our interest is directed towards the understanding of a theoretical field which has been defined as the history of art history, since it outlines the journey of a discipline, in Udo Kultermann’s book of the same name which is on the reading list for the course in art theory in Croatian academic art-historical circles. The study of that section of the book which describes the history of art history in the classical period, has demonstrated that the explanations and conclusions contained in it are in contrast to the explanations and conclusions of prominent art theorians, especially those who studied the history of aesthetics and classical philology. We can note the differences on two levels. The first is the methodology of scholarly research, while the second is based on a different perception of the boundaries of the domain of art-historical theory. Kultermann relies on a strict division with regard to content and methodology between art istory,philosophy (aesthetics) and historiography, and so, following from this, it appears that classical art history almost did not even exist. On the other hand, the theory of art takes into consideration the nature of classical historiographic standards, the aim of which was to provide examples of the normative content of philosophy, that is, the testimonies of its credibility and manifestation. Such an approach takes into account thecontent norms of the preserved classical sources about art, and through it, our perception of the position of art in that period focuses on the theoretical insights which are more encompassing than those encountered in the aforementioned section of Kultermann’s book. Based on this, we suggest that the evaluation of material should follow the methodological standards of art theory in such a way that individual artistic eras are understood and interpreted as historical periods which were unifiedthrough invariable paradigms which were always new and which integrated a large number of artistic concepts and ideas but which, nonetheless, possessed a general value in a specific period. According to Bihalji-Merin, we act like this out of gratitude towards an academicdiscipline which creates an orderly knowledge since the “images which lead us, constructed from a mythical tradition, disperse slowly and instead of them, a critical, human system of thought is formed.” Such aprocess focuses primarily on the revision of a number of hitherto unrevised prejudices towards theory.However, this is not done on the ruins of the historical legacy of art history but on its foundations.

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Gellner, David N. "Kirtipur: an urban community in Nepal, its people, town planning, architecture and arts. Edited by Mehrdad Shokoohy and Natalie H. Shokoohy. (Monographs on Art, Archaeology and Architecture. South Asian Series.) pp. vi, 258, 150 photos, 79 figs. London, Araxus, 1994, £43.00." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 6, no. 1 (April 1996): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300015157.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Asian Art and Architecture'

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