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1

Coutinho, Aline Cristina. "Trabalho associativo: a experiência das mulheres da ASSOV." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11628.

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Esta pesquisa objetivou estudar as práticas educativas que levam a construção do modelo de autogestão e sua relação com a prática efetiva vivenciada pelas associadas da Associação dos Produtores de Agroartesanato de Viçosa (ASSOV) e seus reflexos nos outros espaços da vida cotidiana dessas mulheres. A organização dos agricultores familiares em associações quer seja de produção, comercialização ou de serviços, tende a constituir-se em uma das formas mais viáveis economicamente para manter as pequenas unidades de produção, pois facilita aos agricultores superarem as barreiras da comercialização. As associações autogeridas de produtores rurais buscam potencializar a geração de trabalho e renda em atividades agrícolas e não agrícolas, assim como busca a valorização do trabalho agroartesanal e a equidade de gênero. Nessa perspectiva, o que impulsionou esta pesquisa foi a busca pela compreensão da dinâmica organizacional das associações autogeridas, bem como a identificação de como essa forma de organização do trabalho reflete no âmbito social e doméstico das produtoras rurais, numa tentativa de responder se a experiência de poder e participação que as mulheres vivenciam na associação reverbera na vida social e familiar. Para tanto, no intuito de alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas: a Pesquisa Documental, a Entrevista Aberta, a Observação Direta Não Participante e o relato das falas das Assembleias Extraordinárias registradas no Diário de Campo. Em geral, os dados demonstraram que os associados da ASSOV estabelecem a gestão democrática, numa perspectiva proudhoniana, enquanto princípio da autogestão, permitindo a participação igualitária de todos os associados; rompendo com a relação desigual de poder entre os sexos, no processo de gestão da associação. Este exercício de participação, visando uma nova forma de gestão, o incremento da renda pela comercialização dos produtos via associação e a autonomia para a escolha de como usufruir desta renda provocaram um empoderamento das associadas que reverberou em suas relações. Entretanto, não podemos nos esquecer da construção de gênero que caracteriza papeis definidos para homens e mulheres, construídos socialmente e culturalmente e, que vem se perpetuando por longos anos. Desta forma, as ações de mudança dessas relações são pequenas, mas imbuídas de grande significado que visam romper com essa relação desigual que se estabeleceu desde a infância. Contudo, podemos afirmar que a participação das mulheres na ASSOV desencadeia um efeito em suas relações familiares e no modo de vida familiar, a partir da internalização do processo educativo para a autogestão e do incremento da renda própria.
This research aimed to study the educational practices that lead to the construction of the self-management model and its relation to the effective practice experienced by the associates of the Agroartesanato Producers Association of Viçosa (ASSOV) and their reflections in the other spaces of daily life of these women - Res. The organization of family farmers in associations, whether of production, marketing or services, tends to be one of the most economically viable ways of maintaining small production units because it facilitates farmers to overcome marketing barriers. The self-managed associations of rural producers seek to boost the generation of work and income in agricultural and non-agricultural activities, as well as the valorization of agro-artisanal work and gender equity. In this perspective, what led to this research was the search for the understanding of the organizational dynamics of self-managed associations, as well as the identification of how this form of work organization reflects in the social and domestic scope of the rural producers, in an attempt to respond if Experience of power and participation that women experience in the association reverberates in social and family life. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, the following techniques were used: Documentary Research, Open Interview, Direct Non-Participant Observation and the report of the Extraordinary Assemblies recorded in Diário de Campo. In general, the data demonstrated that ASSOV associates establish democratic-management, in a Proudhonian perspective, as a principle of self- management, allowing the equal participation of all associates; Breaking with the unequal power relation between the sexes, in the association management process. This exercise of participation, aiming at a new form of management, the income increase by the commercialization of the products through association and the au-tonomy for the choice of how to use this income provoked an empowution of the associates that reverberated in their relations. However, we must not forget the gender-based construction that characterizes socially and culturally defined roles for men and women, which has been perpetuating for many years. In this way, the transformative actions of these relations are small, but imbued with great meaning that seek to break with this unequal relationship that has been established since in-spouse. However, we can affirm that the participation of women in ASSOV has an effect on their family relations and family life, from the internalization of the educational process to self-management and the increase of own income.
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2

Svensson, Carl-Johan, and Jesper Åkerstedt. "Prognosprocessen : En fallstudie hos Asko Cylinda AB." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-119.

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Balansering av tillgång och efterfrågan har alltid varit ett aktuellt ämne och för att klara av denna balansering krävs information om kommande efterfrågan. Denna information måste ligga så långt fram i tiden som det tar för att med säkerhet få hem exempelvis material. För att lyckas med detta använder sig företag i olika utsträckning av uppskattad framtida efterfrågan, så kallade prognoser. Prognoser kan definieras som systematiska metoder för att förutsäga framtida händelser.

Problemet är att oavsett hur prognoser görs stämmer det prognostiserade värdet nästan aldrig överens med det verkliga utfallet. Många företag vet att deras prognoser inte är exakta utan att veta vad de ska göra åt saken. Många gånger ignorerar de bara problemet och hoppas att det ska lösa sig självt. För att kunna förbättra sina prognoser bör därför dokumentation och uppföljning ske av det arbete som görs. Med hjälp av uppföljning kan prognosfel beräknas, ett prognosfel är avvikelsen mellan det prognostiserade värdet och det verkliga utfallet. I de fall då prognosfelen är små kan företag genom dokumentation identifiera vad som urskilde dessa perioder från de med högre prognosfel.

Författarna har i denna uppsats försökt beskriva hur företag kan uppnå en förbättrad prognosprocess med en lägre prognosavvikelse. Uppsatsen syftar också till att väcka intresset för samarbete över företagsgränser. Collaborative forecasting är en av metoderna som författarna har använt sig av för att överkomma problemen med traditionell prognostisering och som samtidigt är i linje med supply chain management. Denna metod samlar ihop och sammanställer information från både interna och externa källor för att sedan sammanställa en prognos som stöds av hela organisationen.

Uppsatsen är en fallstudie hos vitvaruföretaget Asko Cylinda AB. För att få ytterligare idéer om hur prognosprocessen kan se ut i praktiken har författarna också tittat på prognosprocessen hos Volvo Penta AB. Båda företagens prognosprocesser har sedan analyserats och jämförts med hjälp av teori från litteratur och artiklar. Genom denna analys har författarna kommit fram till förslag på arbetssätt som Asko Cylinda AB och företag med liknande företagsmiljö kan använda sig av för att förbättra sin prognosprocess.

Analyskapitlet är uppbyggt enligt tre scenarier, en nulägesbeskrivning, ett förslag på en enkel prognosprocess och ett förslag på en mer avancerad prognosprocess. I analysen har olika mätetal används för att åskådliggöra hur prognosavvikelsen varierar då till exempel olika prognosberäkningsmetoder används.

Utifrån scenarierna som analyserats har författarna kommit fram till att det finns många fördelar med Asko Cylinda AB:s nuvarande arbetssätt och att flera av dessa stöds av teorin. En fördel med en enklare prognosprocess är att den allokerar betydligt mindre resurser än vad som görs i dagsläget. Detta är enligt författarna inte tillräckligt skäl att använda sig av den enkla varianten då framtiden går mot mer samarbete över företagsgränserna för att gemensamt öka konkurrenskraften. Arbetssättet som analyseras i scenario 3 ses av författarna som det bästa alternativet. Detta scenario har hämtat mycket inspiration från teorierna om collaborative forecasting, vilket bidrar till en process som arbetar mer enligt supply chain management. Även delar från både den nuvarande prognosprocessen och Volvo Penta AB:s prognosprocess har använts för att för att uppnå detta arbetssättsförslag som baserats på både teori och praktik och utformats för att vara slagkraftigt i framtiden.

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3

Öberg, Annica. "Askor från avfallsförbränning farligt avfall eller en framtida resurs." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26576.

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I Sverige ökar förbränningen av avfall som inte är ett helt definierbart bränsle. Detta är i mångt och mycket ekonomiskt och miljömässigt försvarbart genom den höga kvalitén på rökasreningen, som garanterar att en mycket liten del av föroreningar når atmosfären, utan dessa koncentreras i askorna. Avfallsaskor går till stor del till deponier och används där för sluttäckning eller för att deponeras, samt att en stor mängd flygaska transporteras till Langöya. Inom en tioårsperiod kommer deponierna vara sluttäckta och Langöya uppfyllt, samtidigt som mängden avfallsaskor ökar, vilket innebär krav på nya lösningar. Orsaken till att framförallt flygaskan klassas som farligt avfall är koncentrationen av tungmetaller och föroreningar som härrör från bränslet. Det har forskat i åratal om metoder som ger miljöriktig användning och metoder för att minska miljöpåverkan från askor, men ytterligare forskning krävs för att få svar på den långsiktiga miljöpåverkan samt alternativa användningsområden. Är avfallsaskorna farligt avfall eller en framtida resurs, en svår fråga att besvara, eftersom det är mycket arbete som behövs ifrån politiker, myndigheter, branschen, forskningen och gemene mans inställning till sopsortering för att lyckas förvandla ett farligt avfall till en resurs.
The combustion of waste is increasing in Sweden and the waste is not an entirely definable fuel. This is very much economically and environmentally defensible by the high quality of smoke purification, which ensures that a very small percentage of pollutants reaching the atmosphere, but on the other hand they are concentrated in the ash. Ashes from the incineration of waste go largely to landfills and are used to cap or to be deposited, and that a large amount of fly ash is transported to Langöya. Within a decade, the landfill will be completed covered and Langöya fulfilled, while the amount of ashes from the incineration are increasing, which would require new solutions. The reason for the particular fly ash as hazardous waste is the concentration of heavy metals and pollutions emanating from the fuel. It has been researched for years about the methods that provide environmentally sound use and methods to reduce the environmental impact of ashes, but further research is needed to find answer to the long-term environmental impact and alternative uses. Are ashes from waste hazardous waste or a future resource, a difficult question to answer, because there is much work needed from politicians, government agencies, industry, research and the general public attitude towards waste separation to successfully transform a hazardous waste into a resource.
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Fromm, Asko [Verfasser]. "3-D-Printing zementgebundener Formteile. Grundlagen, Entwicklung und Verwendung / Asko Fromm." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2014. http://d-nb.info/106569217X/34.

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Hynne, Tuva. "Jobbengasjement og overskudd fra jobben hos ansatte ved ASKO Midt-Norge." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16667.

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Klinikk 5 Bedrifthelsetjeneste har de siste to årene startet opp et nærværsprosjekt i bedriften ASKO Midt-Norge. Formålet med nærværsprosjektet har vært å kartlegge hvilke faktorer som skaper en positiv arbeidshverdag for de ansatte og hvordan disse faktorene kan ivaretaes slik at nærværet økes på en måte som er positiv for alle parter. Masteroppgaven har gått ut på å undersøke jobbengasjement og overskudd fra jobben hos de ansatte i ASKO M-N. Bedriften kan ha mye å hente på en økning i jobbengasjementet hos sine ansatte. Jobbengasjement er vist å øke produktiviteten, ivareta helse, bedre resultater og gi mer fornøyd klientell (Bakker & Demerouti, 2008; Bakker, Schaufeli, Leiter, & Taris, 2008; Salanova, Agut, & Peiró, 2005). Oppgavens problemstillingen er: Hvordan kan jobbengasjement og overskudd fra jobben ivaretas og forbedres hos de ansatte ved ASKO Midt-Norge innenfor rammene av nærværsprosjektet? Indeksene jobbressurser, jobbengasjement, tilrettelegging, nærværspress, overskudd fra jobben og sunne omstillingsprosesser ble målt med et fire sider langt spørreskjema. Alle de ansatte ved ASKO M-N ble bedt om å svare på skjemaet. Data ble deretter analysert i SPSS. Det ble kjørt faktoranalyse, korrelasjonsanalyse og hierarkisk regresjonsanalyse på data. Begrepet nærværsmotivasjon er nytt og foreslåes som et mål på kombinasjonen av nærværspress og tilrettelegging på arbeidsplassen. Kun jobbressurser kunne predikere endringer i jobbengasjement. Både korrelasjonsanalysen og regresjonsanalysen bekreftet hypotesen om at jobbengasjement var den viktigste faktoren i prediksjon av overskudd fra jobben. Konklusjonen er at jobbengasjement og overskudd fra jobben bør ivaretaes og økes hos den ansatte. På den måten vil både bedrift og arbeider kunne oppnå en positiv utvikling i form av lavere sykefravær, økt produktivitet, bedre helse og økt trivsel. Å ivareta og øke jobbengasjement og overskudd fra jobben krever et fokus på jobbressurser og nærværsmotivasjon. Med et slikt fokus forsterkes de faktorene som skaper positiv utvikling og endring hos de ansatte, samtidig som de faktorene som skaper press og slitasje reduseres.
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Turk, Ana. "Warranty claims analysis for household appliances produced by ASKO Appliances AB." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96955.

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The input collected from warranty claims data links customer feedback with product quality. Results from warranty claim analysis can potentially improve product quality, customer relationships and positively affect business. However working on warranty claims data holds many challenges that requires a significant share of time devoted to data cleaning and data processing. The purpose of warranty claims analysis is to get the comprehensive overview of the reliability, costs and quality of household appliances produced by ASKO. While there are different ways to approach this problem, we will focus on non-parametric and semi-parametric methods, by using Kaplan-Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazard model respectively. These kinds of models are time dependent and therefore used for prediction of household appliance reliability. Even though non-parametric models are quite informative they cannot handle additional characteristics about observable product hence the semi-parametric Cox proportional hazard model was proposed. Apart from the reliability analysis, we will also predict warranty costs with probit model and observe inequality in household appliances part failures as a part of quality control analysis. Described methods were selected due to the fact that the warranty claims analysis will be practiced in future by ASKO’s quality department and therefore straight forward methods with very informative results are needed.
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Grahn, Magnus, and Henrik Lainla. "Förbättring av tillgänglighet robotcell för diskmaskinsbehållare samt cylinder-behållarline tvättmaskinscylindrar och behållare." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-840.

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Nyman, Jonas, and Vladimir Krivokuca. "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A STEPLESS HEIGHT ADJUSTER FOR AN ASKO DISHWASHER." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17307.

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The standard for standing household dishwashers to date includes some means of adjusting the height of the upper basket in order to facilitate a more efficient loading of dishware. Ordinarily this is done by lifting the basket and locking it in a few positions. A more efficient and satisfactory method of handling the elevation that instils a premium sensation was to be developed. A design process was initiated and using CAD, a 3D model with associated drawings was created. A FEM analysis was conducted on the most vital components and a subsequent prototype was built. Preliminary results indicated flaws in the construction, however developing solutions appeared promising. The FEA concluded that the key components were sufficiently dimensioned for the tasks given. In the end, the project requirements were fulfilled although with set conditions modified, and without an end user trial.
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Svensson, Sofia. "Konstruktion av spoltorn för höj- och sänkbar överkorg till diskmaskin." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-738.

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Möller, David. "Flödessimulering av färdigvarulager." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-797.

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Gustafsson, Henrik. "Rationellare hantering av plåtdetaljer från pressline 1 till aktuellt monteringsställe." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-796.

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Bengtsson, Peder. "Increasing the value of household appliances by adding a heat pump system." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33596.

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Historically, domestic tasks such as preparing food and washing and drying clothes and dishes were done by hand. In a modern home many of these chores are taken care of by machines such as washing machines, dishwashers and tumble dryers. When the first such machines came on the market customers were happy that they worked at all! Today, the costs of electricity and customers’ environmental awareness are high, so features such as low electricity, water and detergent use strongly influence which household machine the customer will buy. One way to achieve lower electricity usage for the tumble dryer and the dishwasher is to add a heat pump system. The function of a heat pump system is to extract heat from a lower temperature source (heat source) and reject it to a higher temperature sink (heat sink) at a higher temperature level. Heat pump systems have been used for a long time in refrigerators and freezers, and that industry has driven the development of small, high quality, low price heat pump components. The low price of good quality heat pump components, along with an increased willingness to pay extra for lower electricity usage and environmental impact, make it possible to introduce heat pump systems in other household products. However, there is a high risk of failure with new features. A number of household manufacturers no longer exist because they introduced poorly implemented new features, which resulted in low quality and product performance. A manufacturer must predict whether the future value of a feature is high enough for the customer chain to pay for it. The challenge for the manufacturer is to develop and produce a high-performance heat pump feature in a household product with high quality, predict future willingness to pay for it, and launch it at the right moment in order to succeed. Tumble dryers with heat pump systems have been on the market since 2000. Paper I reports on the development of a transient simulation model of a commercial heat pump tumble dryer. The measured and simulated results were compared with good similarity. The influence of the size of the compressor and the condenser was investigated using the validated simulation model. The results from the simulation model show that increasing the cylinder volume of the compressor by 50% decreases the drying time by 14% without using more electricity.  Paper II is a concept study of adding a heat pump system to a dishwasher in order to decrease the total electricity usage. The dishwasher, dishware and water are heated by the condenser, and the evaporator absorbs the heat from a water tank. The majority of the heat transfer to the evaporator occurs when ice is generated in the water tank. An experimental setup and a transient simulation model of a heat pump dishwasher were developed. The simulation results show a 24% reduction in electricity use compared to a conventional dishwasher heated with an electric element. The simulation model was based on an experimental setup that was not optimised. During the study it became apparent that it is possible to decrease electricity usage even more with the next experimental setup.
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Moustakakis, Maria, and Emelie Ring. "(Fi)asko och (List)igheter : en granskning av rapporteringen i Svenska Dagbladet och Aftonbladet om de nya uppstickarpartierna Feministiskt initiativ och Junilistan." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Discourse Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-697.

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Eftersom medier är en viktig källa till information och politiska frågor är det intressant och av stor vikt att undersöka hur rapporteringen sett ut kring de två partierna Junilistan och Feministiskt initiativ. I undersökningen har artiklar ur Svenska Dagbladet och Aftonbladet under totalt sju veckor, från den 12 februari 2004 till den 19 oktober 2005, granskats med hjälp av en större kvantitativ undersökning med kvalitativa inslag. Resultatet av den kvantitativa undersökningen visar att Feministiskt initiativ fått större genomslagskraft i medierna i såväl artiklar som antal bilder. I andelar räknat, har Svenska Dagbladet i princip publicerat lika många negativa artiklar om Junilistan som om Feministiskt initiativ. I Aftonbladet har det dock i andelar räknat publicerats fler negativa artiklar om Feministiskt initiativ än om Junilistan. Ledarna i Svenska Dagbladet var i antal artiklar räknat, uteslutande negativa mot Fi medan de i Aftonbladet var övervägande balanserade. Det fanns två kränkande artiklar i Aftonbladet om Fi som sticker ut från mängden. Något liknande om Junilistan fanns inte. Utifrån materialet är slutsatserna att det finns starka politiska ideal för vad som får lyftas fram som politiska frågor och att den feministiska politiken som Fi står för uppfattas som utmanande och inte riktigt rumsren. Både Junilistan och Fi har även presenterat sig som tvärpolitiska partier, vilket de fått mycket kritik för av medierna som vill placera dem antingen till höger eller vänster på den politiska skalan.

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Wirth, Franz Wilhem Verfasser], Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kloft, Asko Akademischer Betreuer] Fromm, and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] [Budelmann. "Untersuchungen zur Eignung der Non-Waste-Wachsschalungstechnologie für die automatisierte, individuelle Fertigung von Betonbauteilen / Franz Wilhem Wirth ; Harald Kloft, Asko Fromm, Harald Budelmann." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217782567/34.

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Håkansson, Fredrik, Tomas Johansson, and Missola Henri Mbanga. "Sourcing strategies and supplier relationships : A comparative study of manufacturing companies in the Swedish construction and the white goods industries." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5364.

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Background: In manufacturing companies purchasing is a great part of the total cost and major suppliers have a decisive role for the company. Therefore it is important to emphasise the selection and relationship with these suppliers to make the organization profitable. Sourcing strategies and supplier relationships are the main elements of supplier management.

Purpose: The main goal of this study is to underline the similarities and differences regarding sourcing strategies and supplier relationships among the manufacturers of the two industries in order to identify the best practices and possibilities for knowledge transfer.

Methodology: This thesis is a descriptive comparative study that was conducted with a deductive approach. Data was collected by interviews of mainly purchasing managers of our studied companies, annual reports and web pages of the companies. The scientific credibility of this thesis was secured by using many sources and avoiding assumptions.

Conclusions: Several similarities and differences have been found between the industries. Furthermore, both industries can learn from each other when it comes to the use of sourcing strategies and supplier relationships.  

Suggestions on future research: A more extensive study with more companies in each industry can be made to strengthen our conclusions. Furthermore, scenario simulations can be conducted for the supply of products and see how a manufacturing company can be affected.

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Souza, Carlos A. Loiola de. "Carl Sagan: a exploração e colonização de planetas - ficção científica,cência e divulgação." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13337.

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Sci - fi books depending on how they are structured by their authors, might be in our case, the astronomer Carl Sagan, be used as reference texts in Science History by his indisciplinity. The specific case of interplanetary trips, theorized and thought scientificaly and advertised under a sci - fi language in books of Carl Sagan, is what this dissertation talks about.The authors of fiction texts, such as Sagan Arthur Charles Clarke and Issac Asimov, try to found their extrpolate in careful notes of trends that happen in society and science, and develop the ( narration, in Asmov and Clarke´s case ) implication or advertising with rigidity and consistency.On the other hand, part of the futuristic literature would be an important History of Science analysis instrument, for it to be possible of thinking in alternative proposals for a scientific policy and taught which may have a social reach. A kind of experiment or imaginary exercise. In other words, what is studied here, is the relation between sci - fi and science, which talks about interplanetary trips, and how they are explained in Sagan´s books. However, the dissertation, delimitates, in the first instance, must be considered about interplanetary trips, its dissimilation from the 30´s to the 60´s and the adverstising through two of the best sci - fi writers of the twentieth century, whose work was to advertise scientific ideas or Astronautic for a better understanding of the science, its role and the impact of science and technology, in a society which moves really fast, but without many details. After all, as it was a relevant realization of some of these realized fantasies by Carl Sagan´s commitment, initially, with the American industial military complexduring the Cold War against USSR, and after that by NASA.And what we have learned scientifically from the exploration of the Solar Sistem and the nearest planets, in a way that the results of this spacial exploration could be advertised with the help from literature and fiction, in a type of alert about the problems that we will have to face in a near future. At last, the mankind destiny, imagined by Sagan in a kind of manifest advertised by himself in his main books and analysed here for it to be possible to keep its parallelism of contents and trends between sci - fi books and the academic literatureabout the development of science and technology and the destiny of mankind and the individuals that make itself. This is a conclusion that History students having a beginning or complementary graduation in humanities, will be able to find on the shelves of science history, a worthy manifest for an unexpective reflection or for a militancy
Obras de ficção científica podem, dependendo de como estiverem estruturadas por seus autores, em nosso caso, o astrônomo Carl Sagan, ser usadas como textos de referência em História da Ciência por sua interdisciplinaridade. O caso específico das viagens interplanetárias, pensadas e teorizadas cientificamente e divulgadas sob a linguagem da ficção científica nos livros de Carl Sagan, é o de que se ocupa esta dissertação. Os autores de textos de ficção, como os colegas de Sagan Arthur Charles Clarke e Isaac Asimov, procuram, como acontece com textos teóricos acadêmicos, assim como também eram alguns dos textos de Sagan, fundamentar suas extrapolações em observações cuidadosas de tendências em ação na sociedade e na ciência e desenvolver sua (narração, no caso de Asimov e Clarke) implementação ou divulgação com rigor e consistência. Ou seja, parte da literatura futurística seria um instrumento importante de análise de História da Ciência para que esta possa pensar em propostas alternativas para uma política científica e de ensino científico que tenha um alcance social. Uma espécie de experimento ou exercício imaginário. Em outras palavras, o que aqui se estuda é a relação entre ficção científica e ciência que fale das viagens interplanetárias e como elas estão expressas nas obras de Sagan. Portanto, a dissertação delimita o que, em primeiro lugar, deve-se considerar sobre as viagens interplanetárias, sua disseminação nos anos de 1930 a 1960 e sua divulgação através de dois dos melhores escritores de ficção científica do século XX, que se empenharam em divulgar idéias científicas ou de Astronáutica para uma melhor compreensão da ciência, do papel da ciência e do impacto da ciência e tecnologia numa sociedade com uma velocidade em movimento rápido, mas sem muitos detalhes. Depois, como foi a realização primordial de algumas dessas fantasias realizadas pelo envolvimento de Carl Sagan, inicialmente, com o complexo militar industrial dos Estados Unidos da América durante a Guerra Fria com a URSS e depois pela NASA. E o que se aprendeu, cientificamente, com a exploração de nosso sistema solar e de nossos planetas mais próximos, de maneira que esses resultados da exploração espacial pudessem ser divulgados com a ajuda da literatura de ficção em forma de alerta sobre os problemas que teremos de enfrentar num futuro bem próximo. E, por último, o destino da humanidade imaginado por Sagan numa espécie de manifesto divulgado por ele mesmo em seus principais livros e aqui analisado para que se pudesse manter o paralelismo de conteúdo e tendências entre as obras de ficção e a literatura acadêmica sobre o desenvolvimento da ciência e da tecnologia e o destino da humanidade e dos indivíduos que a compõem. Isto nos leva a concluir que o estudante de História da Ciência, tendo uma formação inicial ou complementar em humanidades, poderá encontrar na estante de História da Ciência um valioso manifesto para uma reflexão despretensiosa ou para a militância
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