Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aspergillus

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Aspergillus'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Aspergillus"

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Banson, A., S. O. Ajeighe, and M. A. Ajayi. "Studies on the Control of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi Isolated from Sorghum Sold in Bida, Niger State Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, no. 7 (July 29, 2023): 1403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i7.10.

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Sorghum is an important crop in Africa including Nigeria, Mali and Niger. Fungi contaminate grains including sorghum with fungal poisonous secondary metabolites called mycotoxins. The objectives of this study are the isolation of fungi associated with sorghum in storage and assay for the presence of mycotoxins in stored sorghum. Data obtained showed that stored sorghum used in this study contains Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergilus oryzae, Aspergilus flavus, Aspergilus niger, Aspergilus solani, Aspergilus terreus and Fusarium oxysposum. Rhizopus stolonifer and Fusarium oxysporum produced zearalenone while Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus solani and Aspergillus tereus produced aflatoxins B1. Fumanisin B1 and aflatoxinB1 were produced by Aspergillus flavus. Alium sativum and Zingiber officinale exhibited antifungal activity against the test fungi. This research work will provide a long term economic impact in reducing mycotoxicoses which are acute and chronic toxic diseases caused by mycotoxins. The findings will also serve the purpose of alerting consumers on the dangers of consuming poorly stored sorghum.
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Morin, Odile. "Aspergillus et aspergillose : biologie." EMC - Maladies infectieuses 1, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1166-8598(03)00092-9.

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Zaharia, Roxana, Cristina Petrișor, Petruța Cornea, Camelia Diguță, Stelica Cristea, and Ștefan Sorin. "Isolation and Molecular Identification of Fungal Isolates from Stored Cereals Using PCR-RFLP Method." Romanian Agricultural Research 39 (2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59665/rar3902.

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Contamination of grain cereals with toxic metabolites of fungi, both pathogenic and saprotrophic, is one of the particularly important problems in global agriculture. The aim of the current study was molecular identification of fungi isolates from different samples of stored cereals and evaluate the utility of PCR-RFLP of the ITS region technique. The results established that the most abundant species were found belonging to Aspergillus genera (50%), followed by Fusarium spp. (19%) and Penicillium spp. (19%). Aspergillus flavus was the most frequent species, representing almost 40% of the isolates belonging to the genus Aspergillus. Also were identified as Aspergilus versicolor, Aspergilus ruber and Aspergilus niger by molecular analysis representing 10% each.
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Tanaka, Takumi, Yuki Terauchi, Akira Yoshimi, and Keietsu Abe. "Aspergillus Hydrophobins: Physicochemical Properties, Biochemical Properties, and Functions in Solid Polymer Degradation." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081498.

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Hydrophobins are small amphipathic proteins conserved in filamentous fungi. In this review, the properties and functions of Aspergillus hydrophobins are comprehensively discussed on the basis of recent findings. Multiple Aspergillus hydrophobins have been identified and categorized in conventional class I and two non-conventional classes. Some Aspergillus hydrophobins can be purified in a water phase without organic solvents. Class I hydrophobins of Aspergilli self-assemble to form amphipathic membranes. At the air–liquid interface, RolA of Aspergillus oryzae self-assembles via four stages, and its self-assembled films consist of two layers, a rodlet membrane facing air and rod-like structures facing liquid. The self-assembly depends mainly on hydrophobin conformation and solution pH. Cys4–Cys5 and Cys7–Cys8 loops, disulfide bonds, and conserved Cys residues of RodA-like hydrophobins are necessary for self-assembly at the interface and for adsorption to solid surfaces. AfRodA helps Aspergillus fumigatus to evade recognition by the host immune system. RodA-like hydrophobins recruit cutinases to promote the hydrolysis of aliphatic polyesters. This mechanism appears to be conserved in Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi, and may be beneficial for their growth. Aspergilli produce various small secreted proteins (SSPs) including hydrophobins, hydrophobic surface–binding proteins, and effector proteins. Aspergilli may use a wide variety of SSPs to decompose solid polymers.
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Sørensen, Annette, Peter S. Lübeck, Mette Lübeck, Kristian F. Nielsen, Birgitte K. Ahring, Philip J. Teller, and Jens C. Frisvad. "Aspergillus saccharolyticus sp. nov., a black Aspergillus species isolated in Denmark." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 3077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.029884-0.

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A novel species, Aspergillus saccharolyticus sp. nov., belonging to the Aspergillus section Nigri group is described. This species was isolated in Denmark from treated hardwood. Its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach including phenotypic (morphology and extrolite profiles) and molecular (β-tubulin, internal transcribed spacer and calmodulin gene sequences, and universally primed PCR fingerprinting) analysis. Phenotypic and molecular data enabled this novel species to be clearly distinguished from other black aspergilli. A. saccharolyticus is a uniseriate Aspergillus species that is morphologically similar to Aspergillus japonicus and Aspergillus aculeatus, but has a totally different extrolite profile compared to any known Aspergillus species. The type strain of A. saccharolyticus sp. nov. is CBS 127449T ( = IBT 28509T).
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PALENCIA, EDWIN R., TREVOR R. MITCHELL, MAURICE E. SNOOK, ANTHONY E. GLENN, SCOTT GOLD, DOROTHY M. HINTON, RONALD T. RILEY, and CHARLES W. BACON. "Analyses of Black Aspergillus Species of Peanut and Maize for Ochratoxins and Fumonisins." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-321.

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The genus Aspergillus section Nigri, or the black aspergilli, represents genetically closely related species that produce the mycotoxins, ochratoxins and the fumonisins. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is of an added concern because it is also a virulence factor for maize. Our preliminary data indicated that black aspergilli could develop asymptomatic infections with maize and peanuts plants. Symptomless infections are potential problems, because under favorable conditions, there is a potential for accumulation of ochratoxins and the fumonisins in contaminated postharvest crops. In the present report, the ability of black aspergilli from peanuts and maize to produce ochratoxin A and FB1 on maize kernels was assessed. One hundred fifty strains from peanuts and maize were isolated from several southeastern and midwestern states. Aspergillus nigri (A. nigri var. nigri) was the dominant species (87%), while Aspergillus foetidus, Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus tubingensis, and Aspergillus carbonarius were infrequently isolated. None of the wild isolates produced detectable amounts of ochratoxins. However, we do report the occurrence of the fumonisins B1, B2, and B3. Of 54 field isolates, 30% (n = 16) produced FB1, 61% (n = 33) produced FB2, and 44% (n = 24) produced FB3. The amounts of fumonisins produced during the test period of 30 days suggest that these strains might be weak to moderate producers of fumonisin on maize. To our knowledge, this is a first report of FB1 and FB3 production by isolates of black aspergilli from an American cereal and legume.
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Lebar, M. D., B. M. Mack, C. H. Carter-Wientjes, and M. K. Gilbert. "The aspergillic acid biosynthetic gene cluster predicts neoaspergillic acid production in Aspergillus section Circumdati." World Mycotoxin Journal 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2018.2397.

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The fungus Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic crop pathogen that produces aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic and hepatotoxic secondary metabolites that are highly regulated in most countries. A. flavus also produces many other secondary metabolites and harbours more than 50 putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters that have yet to be characterised. Bioactive secondary metabolites that augment the ability of the fungus to infect crops are of particular interest. Biosynthetic gene cluster 11 in A. flavus has been recently shown to encode for the biosynthesis of aspergillic acid, a toxic hydroxamic acid-containing pyrazinone compound that can bind iron, resulting in a red-orange pigment known as ferriaspergillin. A decrease in A. flavus pathogenicity and aflatoxin contamination was observed when aspergillic acid biosynthesis was blocked during maize seed infection. In this study, we probe the available genomes of Aspergillus species for biosynthetic gene cluster 11 homologs. We find that all species possessing gene cluster 11 produce aspergillic acid or a closely related isomer. We demonstrate that the Aspergillus section Flavi species harbouring biosynthetic gene cluster 11 produce a mixture of aspergillic acid, hydroxyaspergillic acid, and aspergillic acid analogs differing only in the amino acid precursors. Interestingly, many Aspergillus section Circumdati species, known mainly for their production of the problematic mycotoxin ochratoxin A, also harbour gene cluster 11 homologs, but do not produce aspergillic acid. Instead, these species produce neoaspergillic acid and its hydroxylated analog neohydroxyaspergillic acid, indicating that cluster 11 is responsible for neoaspergillic acid biosynthesis in Aspergillus section Circumdati.
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Gardini, W. E:, C. R. Valles, J. H. Velásquez, and Nancy Canales. "Afinidades Fisiológicas en algunos Hongos Filamentosos del Medio Ambiente." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 48, no. 4 (April 9, 2014): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v48i4.5818.

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Se ha aislado del medio ambiente 14 grupos de hongos filamentosos contaminantes empleando el medio de agar-tomate fresco. En ellos fe investigó las reacciones de fermentación selectiva a 18 carbohidratos, sus reacciones mutuas y la producción de desoxirribonucleasa (DNAsa). Se encontró que había preferencia por fermentar determinados carbohidratos como la sacarosa, galactosa, manosa, maltosa, rafinosa, melibiosa, por el Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nigricana, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus orizae, Alternaria, CunninghameIla, Clados porium herbarum, Fusarium roseum, Glenospora, Hormodendrum, Penicillium bicolor, Penícillíum sp. cepa ACI-9, Rhízopus y Trichophyton sp. Que las variedades de hongos dentro de un mismo género tienen diferente poder fermentativo tal como sucede con el Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nigricans, Aspergillus ochraceus y AspergilIus onzae, sobre el adonitol, arabinosa, dulcitol y melecitosa. Los 14 grupos de hongos filamentosos ambientales han producido DNAsa, empleando como medio de cultivo el agar-triptosa-ácido desoxirribonucleico y como reactivo el colorante verde de metilo. La variedad de Penicillium, cepa ACI-9, de escaso poder fermentativo sobre la mayoría de los 18 carbohidratos, presentó poder inhibitorio sobre el desorrollo del Aspergíllus nigricans, Aspergillus ochraceus, Alternaria, Blastomyces dermatitidis y en mayor grado sobre el Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus orizae, CunninghamelIa, Penícillium bicclor y Rhizopus.
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Tone, Kazuya, Junko Suzuki, Mohamed Mahdi Alshahni, Kazuyoshi Kuwano, and Koichi Makimura. "Species-specific detection of medically important aspergilli by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis." Medical Mycology 57, no. 6 (January 12, 2019): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy128.

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AbstractChronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a common subtype of pulmonary aspergillosis and a life-threatening disease. However, its diagnosis remains difficult due to the lack of specific clinical features and radiologic findings, as well as the difficulty of isolating Aspergillus spp. We developed a novel species-specific detection method of medically important aspergilli using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for CPA. Specific LAMP primer sets for Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Aspergillus nidulans were designed. The use of the LAMP assay was validated using respiratory specimens (CPA cases, n = 21; nonaspergillosis cases, n = 23). A total of 15 cases were positive in the CPA group (A. fumigatus, n = 5; A. flavus, n = 1; A. niger, n = 1; A. terreus, n = 7; A. nidulans, n = 1), but only three in the non-CPA group (A. niger, n = 2; A. terreus n = 1). The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of CPA by the LAMP system were 71.4% and 87.0%, respectively. In conclusion, we developed a species-specific detection approach for five medically important aspergilli using the LAMP method. The system showed high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of CPA.
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Tokamani, Maria, Eleftheria Figgou, Lito Papamichail, Eleni Sakka, Athanasios Toros, Anastasia Bouchorikou, Antonis Giannakakis, Efthymia Iliana Matthaiou, and Raphael Sandaltzopoulos. "A Multiplex PCR Melting-Curve-Analysis-Based Detection Method for the Discrimination of Five Aspergillus Species." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2023): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9080842.

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Aspergillus mold is a ubiquitously found, airborne pathogen that can cause a variety of diseases from mild to life-threatening in severity. Limitations in diagnostic methods combined with anti-fungal resistance render Aspergillus a global emerging pathogen. In industry, Aspergilli produce toxins, such as aflatoxins, which can cause food spoilage and pose public health risk issues. Here, we report a multiplex qPCR method for the detection and identification of the five most common pathogenic Aspergillus species, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Aspergillus nidulans. Our approach exploits species-specific nucleotide polymorphisms within their ITS genomic regions. This novel assay combines multiplex single-color real time qPCR and melting curve analysis and provides a straight-forward, rapid, and cost-effective detection method that can identify five Aspergillus species simultaneously in a single reaction using only six unlabeled primers. Due to their unique fragment lengths, the resulting amplicons are directly linked to certain Aspergillus species like fingerprints, following either electrophoresis or melting curve analysis. Our method is characterized by high analytical sensitivity and specificity, so it may serve as a useful and inexpensive tool for Aspergillus diagnostic applications both in health care and the food industry.
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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aspergillus"

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Burc, Laurence. "Suivi épidémiologique des "Aspergillus" pathogènes dans les services d'hématologie et de réanimation pneumologique à l'hôpital Beaujon : typage moléculaire de souches d'"Aspergillus fumigatus" isolées de patients et de leur proche environnement." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P098.

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Bertout, Sébastien. "Polymophisme génétique de souche d'Aspergillus fumigatus isolées d'aspergilloses pulmonaires au cours d'une étude multicentrique." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON13512.

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Philippe, Bruno. "Aspergillose pulmonaire invasive : interactions entre Aspergillus fumigatus et macrophage alvéolaire." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003948260204611&vid=upec.

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L'aspergillose pulmonaire invasive (AI) due à Aspergillus fumigatus est une infection grave du malade immunodéprimé. Un modèle murin d'AI a montré que le macrophage alvéolaire (MA) représente la première ligne des défenses pulmonaires innées contre A. Fumigatus. Le killing est lent et fait intervenir les réactifs oxydants. Les corticostéroi͏̈des diminuent les capacités de killing en inhibant la production de réactifs oxydants par les MA. L'analyse du killing de A. Fumigatus par des MA de malades transplantés pulmonaires a montré des résultats similaires aux MA murins. La dose de corticostéroi͏̈des prise quotidiennenement > 0,25 mg/kg/j, la dose totale > 1,5 mg/kg/j et la période précoce < 6 mois après la transplantation ont été retrouvés comme facteurs diminuant le niveau de killing des conidies par les MA. Ces résultats démontrent le rôle essentiel du MA dans la résistance de l'homme à A. Fumigatus
Pulmonary invasive aspergillosis (lA) due to Aspergllus fumigatus is a severe infection in immunocompromised patients. A murine model of invasive aspergillosis showed that alveolar macrophages (AM) are the first une of pulmonary innate defence against A. Fumigatus. The killing is slow and involves reactive oxidants intermediates. Corticosteroids decrease killing capacity of the AM du to an inhibition of reactive oxidants intermediates production. Killing study of lung transplant recipients showed similar resuits as murin AM. Several factors that influence the killing were identified daily dose of corticosteroids > 0,25 g/kg/d total dose> 1,5 mg/kg/d and early period post transplantation <6 months were found to decrease significatively the killing rate. These data demonstrated unequivocally that the alveolar macrophage is the first une of defence against A. Fumigatus
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Philippe, Bruno Latgé Jean-Paul. "Aspergillose pulmonaire invasive interactions entre Aspergillus fumigatus et macrophage alvéolaire /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0394826.htm.

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Thèse de doctorat : Sciences de la vie et de la santé : Paris 12 : 2004.
Version électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. : 305 réf.
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Leleu, Christopher. "Evaluation du risque lié à l'exposition aérienne à Aspergillus fumigatus." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066413.

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Aspergillus fumigatus est un champignon filamenteux pathogène responsable de différentes formes d’infections pulmonaires allergiques sur les sujets immunocompétents et d’infections invasives chez les patients neutropéniques. L’inhalation de spores est le mode habituel de contamination suggérant un rôle majeur de l’environnement dans l’épidémiologie de l’aspergillose. Cependant, la relation entre les concentrations d’Aspergillus dans l’air et la probabilité d’infections ne sont pas connues. Dans cette étude, trois approches complémentaires ont été proposées pour analyser cette relation. In vitro, nous avons utilisé un dispositif de culture en interface air-liquide pour analyser les conséquences de l’exposition de cellules pulmonaires A549 à différentes concentrations de spores d’Aspergillus fumigatus. Aucun effet significatif sur la production de cytokines pro-inflammatoires n'a été retrouvé suite à cette exposition, même lorsque cette exposition aspergillaire était combinée avec une exposition au formaldéhyde. In vivo, la relation entre l’exposition à des spores d’Aspergillus et la survenue d’une infection a été étudiée dans un modèle murin d’aspergillose invasive en utilisant la souche de référence Af293 d’Aspergillus fumigatus. Dans une approche bayésienne la relation dose-infection entre probabilité d’infection et exposition aux spores a été estimée en utilisant le modèle exponentiel et le modèle plus flexible bêta-Poisson. Ceci a permis d’estimer la dose infectieuse 50 à 1,8-1,9. 104 spores inhalées viables. Secondairement, ce modèle a été utilisé pour mettre au point un nouveau modèle de réactivation d’aspergillose et étudier l’efficacité de l’amphotéricine B liposomale dans la prophylaxie de l’aspergillose invasive. Chez l’homme, nous avons tenté d’estimer la relation entre l’exposition environnementale aux spores fongiques et l’incidence de la colonisation ou de l’infection aspergillaire chez 44 transplantés pulmonaires étudiée de façon consécutive. A l'aide d'un modèle de régression par GEE, nous avons trouvé une relation significative entre la contamination des surfaces par Aspergillus et l’incidence de la colonisation. De plus, nous avons montré des identités génotypiques entre les isolats cliniques et environnementaux d’Aspergillus, ce qui confirme les risques d’acquisition d’Aspergillus dans le cadre hospitalier. Globalement, ces résultats apportent des données nouvelles sur la relation entre la contamination environnementale et la probabilité d’aspergillose chez les patients immunodéprimés
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for various respiratory diseases in normal hosts and severe invasive infections in neutropenic patients. Spore inhalation is the usual route of Aspergillus infection, suggesting a determining role of environmental contamination in the epidemiology of aspergillosis. However the relationship between Aspergillus concentration in the air and probability of infection is not quantitatively known. In this study, three different approaches were proposed to analyse this relationship. In vitro we used an air-liquid interface module to expose pulmonary A549 cells to high concentrations of A. Fumigatus spores, but found not effect of exposure on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, even when exposure was combined with exposure to formaldehyde. In vivo, the relationship between spore exposure and infection was examined in a murine model of invasive aspergillosis, using the reference Af293 strain of A. Fumigatus. In a bayesian approach, the dose-response relationship between the probability of infection and spore exposure was approximated using the exponential model and the more flexible beta-Poisson model. It allowed estimating the median infective dose at 1. 8-1. 9x104 inhaled viable spores. Further, this model was used to develop a unique model of reactivating aspergillosis and then to examine the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B on prophylaxis of aspergillosis. In human, we attempted to estimate the relationship between environmental exposure to fungal spores and the incidence of Aspergillus colonization or infection in 44 consecutive lung transplant recipients. In a GEE multivariate analysis, we found a significant relationship between surface contamination by Aspergillus and the incidence of colonization. Furthermore, we found genotypic similarities between clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus, which confirm the risk of acquisition of Aspergillus in the hospital setting. Altogether, this result provides new insights into the relationship between airborne exposure and probability of aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts
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Ohlen, Ingrid. "Analyse du caractère nosocomial de deux cas d'aspergillose invasive à A. Flavus par typage moléculaire R. A. P. D. (Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA)." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P006.

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Chauvin, David. "Nouvelles stratégies de traitement de l'aspergillose : ciblage d'Aspergillus fumigatus par des anticorps thérapeutiques et ciblage du microenvironnement fongique." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3310.

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Due au champignon Aspergillus fumigatus, l’aspergillose pulmonaire invasive représente une grave menace pour les individus souffrant d’immunodépression sévère. En parallèle d’un diagnostic manquant de spécificité, les traitements actuels présentent une forte toxicité. Ces travaux se sont dans un premier temps intéressés au développement d’anticorps thérapeutiques dirigés contre les protéines pariétales Chitin ring formation du champignon. Le ciblage de ces protéines impliquées dans la croissance fongique a permis la mise en évidence d’effets modérés in vitro, et ont induit, in vivo, un recrutement significatif de cellules immunitaires impliquées dans la défense anti-aspergillaire. Dans un second temps, ces travaux se sont intéressés au ciblage du microenvironnement et de la réponse de l’hôte au cours de l’aspergillose, afin de mieux comprendre les processus physiopathologiques induits au cours de la maladie, et de permettre l’identification de nouveaux biomarqueurs et cibles thérapeutiques. L’utilisation de la spectrométrie de masse iTRAQ®, chez des rats et des manchots, a permis la mise en évidence de plusieurs voies de signalisation surreprésentées. Ces travaux se sont également intéressés à la caractérisation immunologique d’un modèle rat d’API. En plus de la mise en évidence des effets du champignon sur le recrutement de certaines populations de cellules immunitaires, l’utilisation de l’iTRAQ® a permis la mise en évidence de la surexpression de l’interleukine-33 et de son récepteur ST2 au cours de la maladie. Ces travaux ouvrent d’intéressantes perspectives dans la mise en place de nouveaux traitements contre l’API
Caused by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious threat for individuals suffering from severe immunosuppression. In parallel of a diagnosis lacking specificity, current treatments present a high toxicity. This work first focused on the development of therapeutic antibodies directed against cell wall proteins Chitin ring formation of the fungus. Targeting of these proteins involved in fungal growth highlighted moderate effects in vitro, and induced, in vivo, a significant recruitment of immune cells involved in anti-aspergillary defense. In a second time, this work focused on targeting the microenvironment and the host response during aspergillosis, in order to better understand pathophysiological processes induced during the disease, and allow the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Use of iTRAQ® mass spectrometry in rat and penguins allowed the identification of several overrepresented signaling pathways. This work also focused on the immune characterization of a rat model of IPA. In addition of highlighting the effects of the fungus in the recruitment of some immune cell populations, use of iTRAQ® exhibited an overexpression of interleukin-33 and its receptor ST2 during the disease. Overall, this work is bringing interesting insights in the establishment of new treatments against IPA
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Lorösch, Stefanie. "Evaluierung des Sandwich-Enzym-Immunassays Platelia Aspergillus zur Aspergillose-Diagnostik bei Psittaziden." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00007436.

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Dumont, Catherine. "Sérologie de l'aspergillose : étude comparative de trois techniques de dépistage." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P148.

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Khoufache, Khaled. "Aspects toxicologiques d'Aspergillus fumigatus sur l'épithélium repiratoire in vitro." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002459590204611&vid=upec.

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Le rôle des mycotoxines d'Aspergillus fumigatus sur l'épithélium respiratoire a été peu étudié. Pour étudier ces interactions, nous avons utilisé deux modèles de culture primaire de cellules épithéliales en interface air liquide l'un humain (CENH ou cellules épithéliales nasales humaines), l'autre porcin (CETP ou cellules épithéliales de trachée de porc). Afin d'identifier les mycotoxines d'A. Fumigatus impliquées dans ces interactions, nous avons travaillé à la fois sur la phase organique et sur la phase aqueuse d'un filtrat de culture d'A. Fumigatus. La phase organique des filtrat de culture mimait les effets des filtrats de culture totaux déjà décrits sur les CENH. Parmi les molécules candidates de cette phase organique, seul le verruculogène reproduisait les mêmes effets sur les paramètres électrophysiologiques. Le verruculogène est produit par toutes les souches d'A. Fumigatus et associé aux conidies. De la même manière que pour la phase organique, l'activité de la phase aqueuse a été étudiée. Les résultats semblent montrer un effet électrophysiologique marqué sur les CENH, mais aucune molécule candidate n'a, pour l'instant, été identifiée comme responsable de ces effets. Dans la 2ème partie de notre travail, une mise au point d'un modèle de CETP était effectuée. Ce modèle, de façon identique au modèle CENH, était bien différencié et composé uniquement de cellules épithéliales. L'étude des interactions antre CETP - filtrat de culture d'A. Fumigatus, verruculogène et conidies d'A. Fumigatus a montré des résultats similaires à ceux obtenus avec le modèle humain. Une immortalisation des CETP était obtenue à partir du 22ème passage. Les cellules conservaient leur aspect épithélial, mais perdaient leur différenciation mucociliaire. Le verruculogène, métabolite secondaire d'A. Fumigatus, a été pour la 1ère fois mis en évidence dans la modification des paramètres électrophysiologiques des CENH. L'activité du verruculogène pourrait être immédiate sur l'épithélium respiratoire, intervenir dans la modification de l'activité anti-microbienne du fluide de la surface apicale des cellules. Cette activité pourrait s'exercer via les canaux K+ et Na+ des CENH. Par ailleurs, le développement d'un modèle de CETP permet de dispose d'un grand potentiel de cellules afin de travailler sur de nombreux domaines impliquant A. Fumigatus et cellules des voies aériennes supérieures (phagocytose du champignon, étude de la réponse inflammatoire face à l'agression fongique, étude d'autres mycotoxines,. . . )
The role of Aspergillus fumigatus mycotoxins on the respiratory epithelium has been poorly studied. To study these interactions, we have used two models of primary culture of epithelial cells in interface air liquid : one model of human nasal epithelial cells (CENH), and one model of pig tracheal epithelial cells pig (CETP). To identify the Aspergillus fumigatus mycotoxins implicated in these interactions, we worked on the organic phase and the aqueous phase of A. Fumigatus culture filtrate. The organic phase of the culture filtrates showed similar effects than totals filtrates of culture, already described on the CENH. Among the molecules candidates of this organic phase, only the verruculogen reproduced the same effects on the electrophysiological parameters. The verruculogen is produced by all the strains of A. Fumigatus and is associated to the conidia. Same manner as for the organic phase, the activity of the aqueous phase was studied. The results seem to show an electrophysiological effect marked on the CENH, but no molecule candidate, for the moment, has been identified. In the 2nd part of our work, a development of a model of CETP was carried out. This model, in a way identical to model CENH, well was differentiated and composed only of epithelial cells. The study of the interactions between CETP - culture filtrates of A. Fumigatus, verruculogen and A. Fumigatus conidia’s showed similar results with those obtained with the human model. An immortalization of the CETP has been obtained starting from the 22nd passage. The cells preserved their epithelial aspect, but lost their mucociliary differentiation. The verruculogen, secondary metabolite of A. Fumigatus, was for the 1st time highlighted in the modification of the electrophysiological parameters of the CENH. The activity of verruculogen could be immediate on the respiratory epithelium, to interfere in the modification of the antimicrobial activity of apical surface fluid of the cells. This activity could be exerted via the K+ and Na+ channels of the CENH. In addition, the development of a model of CETP makes it possible to have a great potential of cells in order to work on many fields implying A. Fumigatus and cells of the higher air routes (phagocytosis of fungi, study of the inflammatory response against the fungus aggression, study of other mycotoxins. . . )
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Books on the topic "Aspergillus"

1

Smith, J. E., ed. Aspergillus. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2411-3.

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E, Smith John, ed. Aspergillus. New York: Plenum Press, 1994.

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Powell, Keith A., Annabel Renwick, and John F. Peberdy, eds. The Genus Aspergillus. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0981-7.

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Vanden Bossche, Hugo, Donald W. R. Mackenzie, and Geert Cauwenbergh, eds. Aspergillus and Aspergillosis. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3505-2.

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International Symposium on Topics in Mycology (2nd 1987 University of Antwerp). Aspergillus and aspergillosis. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.

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Latgé, Jean-Paul, and William J. Steinbach, eds. Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815523.

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1948-, Latgé Jean-Paul, and Steinbach William J, eds. Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2009.

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Varga, János, and Robert A. Samson, eds. Aspergillus in the genomic era. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-635-9.

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János, Varga, and Samson Robert A, eds. Aspergillus in the genomic era. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2008.

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Birch, Michael. Molecular typing of Aspergillus species. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aspergillus"

1

Samson, Robert A. "Taxonomy—Current Concepts of Aspergillus Systematics." In Aspergillus, 1–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2411-3_1.

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Kozakiewicz, Z., and D. Smith. "Physiology of Aspergillus." In Aspergillus, 23–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2411-3_2.

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Ushijima, Shigeomi. "Improvement of Industrial Aspergillus Fungi." In Aspergillus, 41–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2411-3_3.

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Kinghorn, J. R., and S. E. Unkles. "Molecular Genetics and Expression of Foreign Proteins in the Genus Aspergillus." In Aspergillus, 65–100. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2411-3_4.

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Gervais, P., and M. Bensoussan. "Solid-State Fermentations of the Genus Aspergillus." In Aspergillus, 101–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2411-3_5.

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Harvey, L. M., and B. McNeil. "Liquid Fermentation Systems and Product Recovery of Aspergillus." In Aspergillus, 141–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2411-3_6.

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Fogarty, W. M. "Enzymes of the Genus Aspergillus." In Aspergillus, 177–218. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2411-3_7.

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Lewis, C. W., J. G. Anderson, and J. E. Smith. "Health-Related Aspects of the Genus Aspergillus." In Aspergillus, 219–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2411-3_8.

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Wagener, Johannes, and Oliver Kurzai. "Aspergillus." In Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Infektiologie, 821–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61385-6_78.

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Kappe, Reinhard, and Dagmar Rimek. "Aspergillus." In Lexikon der Infektionskrankheiten des Menschen, 39–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39026-8_79.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aspergillus"

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Wang, Yijing, Yayi Tu, Bin He, and Bin Zeng. "Comparative Genome Analysis of Aspergillus Oryzae and Aspergillus Flavus." In ICBBS 2019: 2019 8th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Science. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3369166.3369195.

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Bugneac, Veronica. "Tulpini de micromicete - sursă potențială de principii bioactive cu aplicare în apicultură." In Scientific and practical conference with international participation: "Management of the genetic fund of animals – problems, solutions, outlooks". Scientific Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61562/mgfa2023.63.

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In this study, research was carried out related to the identification of some micromycetes strains as a source of bioactive principles with application in beekeeping. Thus, 22 strains of micromycetes, representatives of the genus Penicillium, were studied according to their antimicrobial properties against Aspergillus niger and Aspergilus flavus, pathogens of aspergillosis, and Paenibacillus larvae, pathogen of the American and European loci. Сatalase activity was also studied. As a result, 5 strains of micromycetes were selected, possessing significant enzymatic and antimicrobial properties that will be further studied to obtain preparations of microbial origin as an alternative to the antibiotics used in beekeeping.
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Ali Alzamily, Ihsan, Hassan Ali Tamur, and Murtadha M Hussein. "Evaluation The Efficacy of Ocimum Basilicum Extract & Antifungal Agents Against Some Pathogenic Filamentous Fungi." In IX. International Scientific Congress of Pure, Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress9-6.

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: The widespread availability of chemical-based medications opened a way for researchers to look for alternatives, returning to the primary source of drugs. Plants have been utilized for their healing abilities since ancient times since they have been proved to cure diseases. some filamentous fungi used such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Trichophyton and Cladosporium. The study included use of four types of antifungals agents, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Nystatin, the study conducted that Fluconazole have the highest effect with inhibition zone of (37mm) against Aspergillus niger followed by Nystatin (24mm) against Trichophyton verrucosum, the antifungal Itraconazole came third with (23mm) against Trichophyton verrucosum and finally Ketoconazole with (21mm) against Aspergillus niger. Regarding to Ocimum basilicum extract, four concentrations 50%,25%,12.5% and 6.250 % respectively were used, the concentration of 25% had the highest effect with inhibition zone of (36mm) against Aspergillus flavus followed by concentration of 6.25 % with (35mm) against Penicillium expansum, concentration of 12.5 % with (33mm) against Penicillium expansum and finally concentration of 50 % with (22mm) against Aspergillus flavus. Synergistic test was done by mixing Ocimum basilicum extract with four types of antifungal agents, itraconazole with different concentrations gave good results with (Itra + 25% 39 mm) against Fusarium oxysporum followed by ketoconazole with (Keto+ 50% 30 mm) against Aspergillus Flavus, Nystatin with (Nyst + 50% 28 mm) against Aspergillus Flavus and finally Fluconazole with (Flu+12.5% 23 mm) against Trichophyton Verrucosum
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daCosta, D. J., J. X. Kim, and D. W. Hsia. "Aspergillus Infection After Bronchial Thermoplasty." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a4655.

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Patadia, D., and M. M. O'Sullivan. "Aspergillus - The Infection Spectrum Case." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a3965.

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Bertoldo, Rachel, Marta Hiromi Taniwaki, Maria Helena Pelegrinelli Fungaro, and Beatriz Thie Iamanaka. "Aspergillus Section Nigri in Onions." In XII Latin American Congress on Food Microbiology and Hygiene. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/foodsci-microal-078.

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Bucca, Caterina, Francesca De Blasio, Davide Dassetto, Renza Ambrosanio, Annamaria Rella, Luca Riberi, and Paolo Solidoro. "Aspergillus sensitization and aspergillus-associated diseases in a sample of patients with severe asthma." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa544.

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Liu, Qing, Jianhua Huang, and Bin He. "Identification of the C2H2 Type Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Family in Aspergillus Flavus and Aspergillus Oryzae and Their Expression Profiles in Aspergillus Oryzae." In BIBE2021: The Fifth International Conference on Biological Information and Biomedical Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3469678.3469693.

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Cavalcanti, Pedro Quaranta Alves, Giovanna Rolim Pinheiro Lima, Beatriz Vieira Loiola Coutinho, Idna Lara Goes De Sena, and Silvia Fernandes Ribeiro Da Silva. "COVID-19 E COINFECÇÃO POR ASPERGILLUS SPP: UMA REVISÃO LITERÁRIA." In I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1162.

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Introdução: A Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva (API), ocasionada pelo fungo Aspergillus spp, é uma doença de elevada morbimortalidade em pacientes com comprometimento do sistema imunológico. Estudos têm mostrado o risco de pacientes com COVID-19 desenvolver coinfecção por Aspergillus spp. Objetivos: Avaliar a consequência da infecção pelo Aspergillus spp na COVID-19. Material e métodos: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico do período de 2020 e 2021 na base de dados da PubMed. Utilizou-se as palavras-chave “Aspergillus” e “COVID-19”. Foram selecionados 5 artigos que abordaram o tema de forma satisfatória. Resultados: O relato de coinfecções na COVID-19 por bactérias e fungos tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente e aumentado a preocupação dos pesquisadores no mundo. A coinfecção por Aspergillus spp é um fator de risco que dificulta o diagnóstico, prognóstico, tratamento, agrava os sintomas e eleva a taxa de mortalidade de pacientes com COVID-19 grave. A coinfecção por Aspergillus, com consequente desenvolvimento de API, foi associada a casos de COVID-19 grave. Dos pacientes (5%) que evoluíram para a COVID-19 grave e necessitaram de cuidados intensivos, 19% a 34% deles desenvolveram API. Acredita-se que a COVID-19 aumenta a susceptibilidade da infecção por Aspergillus spp devido: ao excesso de antibióticos usado no seu tratamento; a imunomodulação do sistema imune; uso de Tocilizumab®; da hiperinflamação e da tempestade de citocinas; a ativação dos linfócitos Th2; níveis séricos elevados de IL-6 e IL-10; e diminuição da resposta via linfócito Th1. A coinfecção por Aspergillus spp pode influenciar no grau de inflamação sistêmica e na progressão e prognóstico da COVID-19, com consequente aumento de cuidados intensivos, de óbitos ou estender o tempo de internação e cura da COVID-19. Além disso, a coinfecção e o uso prolongado de antibióticos no tratamento da COVID-19 podem alterar a homeostase intestinal, intensificando a infecção, pois o desequilíbrio da microbiota, nos casos de infecções fúngicas, podem provocar alterações intestinais por até 12 dias após a não identificação do SARS-CoV-2 na nasofaringe. Conclusão: A API apresenta relevância clínica no contexto pandêmico atual devido a sua alta morbimortalidade na COVID-19 grave. Faz-se necessário mais estudos sobre a sua fisiopatologia que minimizem o agravamento da COVID-19.
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Rahim, Y., M. Irfan, and M. Usman. "Aspergillus Overlap Syndrome: A Rare Presentation." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6849.

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Reports on the topic "Aspergillus"

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Gladden, John. Production of extremophilic bacterial cellulase enzymes in aspergillus niger. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1096445.

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Irudayaraj, Joseph, Ze'ev Schmilovitch, Amos Mizrach, Giora Kritzman, and Chitrita DebRoy. Rapid detection of food borne pathogens and non-pathogens in fresh produce using FT-IRS and raman spectroscopy. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587221.bard.

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Rapid detection of pathogens and hazardous elements in fresh fruits and vegetables after harvest requires the use of advanced sensor technology at each step in the farm-to-consumer or farm-to-processing sequence. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the complementary Raman spectroscopy, an advanced optical technique based on light scattering will be investigated for rapid and on-site assessment of produce safety. Paving the way toward the development of this innovative methodology, specific original objectives were to (1) identify and distinguish different serotypes of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Bacillus cereus by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, (2) develop spectroscopic fingerprint patterns and detection methodology for fungi such as Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Fusarium, and Penicillium (3) to validate a universal spectroscopic procedure to detect foodborne pathogens and non-pathogens in food systems. The original objectives proposed were very ambitious hence modifications were necessary to fit with the funding. Elaborate experiments were conducted for sensitivity, additionally, testing a wide range of pathogens (more than selected list proposed) was also necessary to demonstrate the robustness of the instruments, most crucially, algorithms for differentiating a specific organism of interest in mixed cultures was conceptualized and validated, and finally neural network and chemometric models were tested on a variety of applications. Food systems tested were apple juice and buffer systems. Pathogens tested include Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitis, Shigella boydii, Staphylococus aureus, Serratiamarcescens, Pseudomonas vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Hafniaalvei, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. coli (O103, O55, O121, O30 and O26), Aspergillus niger (NRRL 326) and Fusarium verticilliodes (NRRL 13586), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24859), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 11443), Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora and Clavibacter michiganense. Sensitivity of the FTIR detection was 103CFU/ml and a clear differentiation was obtained between the different organisms both at the species as well as at the strain level for the tested pathogens. A very crucial step in the direction of analyzing mixed cultures was taken. The vector based algorithm was able to identify a target pathogen of interest in a mixture of up to three organisms. Efforts will be made to extend this to 10-12 key pathogens. The experience gained was very helpful in laying the foundations for extracting the true fingerprint of a specific pathogen irrespective of the background substrate. This is very crucial especially when experimenting with solid samples as well as complex food matrices. Spectroscopic techniques, especially FTIR and Raman methods are being pursued by agencies such as DARPA and Department of Defense to combat homeland security. Through the BARD US-3296-02 feasibility grant, the foundations for detection, sample handling, and the needed algorithms and models were developed. Successive efforts will be made in transferring the methodology to fruit surfaces and to other complex food matrices which can be accomplished with creative sampling methods and experimentation. Even a marginal success in this direction will result in a very significant breakthrough because FTIR and Raman methods, in spite of their limitations are still one of most rapid and nondestructive methods available. Continued interest and efforts in improving the components as well as the refinement of the procedures is bound to result in a significant breakthrough in sensor technology for food safety and biosecurity.
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Lichter, Amnon, Joseph L. Smilanick, Dennis A. Margosan, and Susan Lurie. Ethanol for postharvest decay control of table grapes: application and mode of action. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587217.bard.

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Original objectives: Dipping of table grapes in ethanol was determined to be an effective measure to control postharvest gray mold infection caused by Botrytis cinerea. Our objectives were to study the effects of ethanol on B.cinerea and table grapes and to conduct research that will facilitate the implementation of this treatment. Background: Botrytis cinerea is known as the major pathogen of table grapes in cold storage. To date, the only commercial technology to control it relied on sulfur dioxide (SO₂) implemented by either fumigation of storage facilities or from slow release generator pads which are positioned directly over the fruits. This treatment is very effective but it has several drawbacks such as aftertaste, bleaching and hypersensitivity to humans which took it out of the GRAS list of compounds and warranted further seek for alternatives. Prior to this research ethanol was shown to control several pathogens in different commodities including table grapes and B. cinerea. Hence it seemed to be a simple and promising technology which could offer a true alternative for storage of table grapes. Further research was however required to answer some practical and theoretical questions which remained unanswered. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: In this research project we have shown convincingly that 30% ethanol is sufficient to prevent germination of B. cinerea and kill the spores. In a comparative study it was shown that Alternaria alternata is also rather sensitive but Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger are less sensitive to ethanol. Consequently, ethanol protected the grapes from decay but did not have a significant effect on occurrence of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species which are present on the surface of the berry. B. cinerea responded to ethanol or heat treatments by inducing sporulation and transient expression of the heat shock protein HSP104. Similar responses were not detected in grape berries. It was also shown that application of ethanol to berries did not induce subsequent resistance and actually the berries were slightly more susceptible to infection. The heat dose required to kill the spores was determined and it was proven that a combination of heat and ethanol allowed reduction of both the ethanol and heat dose. Ethanol and heat did not reduce the amount or appearance of the wax layers which are an essential component of the external protection of the berry. The ethanol and acetaldehyde content increased after treatment and during storage but the content was much lower than the natural ethanol content in other fruits. The efficacy of ethanol applied before harvest was similar to that of the biological control agent, Metschnikowia fructicola, Finally, the performance of ethanol could be improved synergistically by packaging the bunches in modified atmosphere films which prevent the accumulation of free water. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: It was shown that the major mode of action of ethanol is mediated by its lethal effect on fungal inoculum. Because ethanol acts mainly on the cell membranes, it was possible to enhance its effect by lowering the concentration and elevating the temperature of the treatment. Another important development was the continuous protection of the treated bunches by modified atmosphere that can solve the problem of secondary or internal infection. From the practical standpoint, a variety of means were offered to enhance the effect of the treatment and to offer a viable alternative to SO2 which could be instantly adopted by the industry with a special benefit to growers of organic grapes.
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Kuo, Alan, Asaf Salamov, Kemin Zhou, Robert Otillar, Scott Baker, and Igor Grigoriev. Sequencing the Black Aspergilli species complex. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1012480.

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Shoseyov, Oded, Steven A. Weinbaum, Raphael Goren, and Abhaya M. Dandekar. Biological Thinning of Fruit Set by RNAase in Deciduous Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568110.bard.

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Fruit thinning is a common and necessary practice for commercial fruit production in many deciduous tree fruit species. Fruit thinning in apple may be accomplished with a variety of chemical thinning agents, but the use of these chemicals is a subject of environmental concern. It has been shown recently that RNase enzyme, secreted from the stigma and the style, inhibits pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. In this study we have been able to show that Aspergillus niger B-1 RNase can effectively inhibit peach and apple pollen germination, and tube elongation in-vitro, as well as thin fruit in peach and apple, and reduce the number of seeds in citrus. The objectives of the research were to detrmine the conditions for effective thinning of (USA and Israel), develop fermentation process for cost effective production of RNase from A. niger. (Israel), and clone apple S-RNase cDNA (USA). All the objectives of the research were addressed. We have determined the optimal fermentation conditions for cost effective production of the A. niger at a 20,000 liters scale. TheA. niger B1 RNase was isolated to homogeneity and its kinetic and biochemical properties including its N-terminal sequence were fully characterized. The field test results both in Israel and California have shown variability in effectiveness and more work is needed to define the RNase concentration necessary to completely inhibit pollen development. Plant transformation vectors expressing anti-sense apple S-RNase genes were constructed (USA) with an attempt to produce self compatible transgenic apple trees. Bovine S-Protein cDNA was cloned and successfully expressed in E. coli (Israel). Plant transformation vector expressing the S-Protein gene was constructed (USA) with an attempt to produce transgenic plants expressing S-protein in the style. Exogenous application of S-peptide to these plants will result in active RNase and consequently prevention of fertilization.
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Bostock, Richard M., Dov Prusky, and Martin Dickman. Redox Climate in Quiescence and Pathogenicity of Postharvest Fungal Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586466.bard.

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Monilinia fructicola causes brown rot blossom blight and fruit rot in stone fruits. Immature fruit are highly resistant to brown rot but can become infected. These infections typically remain superficial and quiescent until they become active upon maturation of the fruit. High levels of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and related compounds occur in the peel of immature fruit but these levels decline during ripening. CGA inhibits cutinase expression, a putative virulence factor, with little or no effect on spore germination or hyphal growth. To better understand the regulation of cutinase expression by fruit phenolics, we examined the effect of CGA, caffeic acid (CA) and related compounds on the redox potential of the growth medium and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. The presence of CA in the medium initially lowered the electrochemical redox potential of the medium, increased GSH levels and inhibited cutinase expression. Conidia germinated in the presence of CA, CGA, or GSH produced fewer appressoria and had elongated germ tubes compared to the controls. These results suggest that host redox compounds can regulate fungal infectivity. In order to genetically manipulate this fungus, a transformation system using Agrobacterium was developed. The binary transformation vector, pPTGFPH, was constructed from the plasmid pCT74, carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by the ToxA promoter of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) under control of the trpC promoter of from Aspergillus nidulans, and the binary vector pCB403.2, carrying neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) between the T-DNA borders. Macroconidia of M. fructicola were coincubated with A. tumefaciens strain LBA 4404(pPTGFPH) on media containing acetosyringone for two days. Hygromycin- and G418-resistant M. fructicola transformants were selected while inhibiting A. tumefaciens with cefotaxime. Transformants expressing GFP fluoresced brightly, and were formed with high efficiency and frequency of T-DNA integration frequency. The use of these transformants for in situ studies on stone fruit tissues is discussed.
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Reisch, Bruce, Avichai Perl, Julie Kikkert, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Rachel Gollop. Use of Anti-Fungal Gene Synergisms for Improved Foliar and Fruit Disease Tolerance in Transgenic Grapes. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575292.bard.

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Original objectives . 1. Test anti-fungal gene products for activity against Uncinula necator, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinerea. 2. For Agrobacterium transformation, design appropriate vectors with gene combinations. 3. Use biolistic bombardment and Agrobacterium for transformation of important cultivars. 4. Characterize gene expression in transformants, as well as level of powdery mildew and Botrytis resistance in foliage of transformed plants. Background The production of new grape cultivars by conventional breeding is a complex and time-consuming process. Transferring individual traits via single genes into elite cultivars was proposed as a viable strategy, especially for vegetatively propagated crops such as grapevines. The availability of effective genetic transformation procedures, the existence of genes able to reduce pathogen stress, and improved in vitro culture methods for grapes, were combined to serve the objective of this proposal. Effective deployment of resistance genes would reduce production costs and increase crop quality, and several such genes and combinations were used in this project. Progress The efficacy of two-way combinations of Trichoderma endochitinase (CHIT42), synthetic peptide ESF12 and resveratrol upon the control of growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum were evaluated in vitro. All pairwise interactions were additive but not synergistic. Per objective 2, suitable vectors with important gene combinations for Agrobacterium transformation were designed. In addition, multiple gene co-transformation by particle bombardment was also tested successfully. In New York, transformation work focused on cultivars Chardonnay and Merlot, while the technology in Israel was extended to 41B, R. 110, Prime, Italia, Gamay, Chardonnay and Velika. Transgenic plant production is summarized in the appendix. Among plants developed in Israel, endochitinase expression was assayed via the MuchT assay using material just 1-5 days after co-cultivation. Plants of cv. Sugraone carrying the gene coding for ESF12, a short anti-fungal lytic peptide under the control of the double 358 promoter, were produced. Leaf extracts of two plants showed inhibition zones that developed within 48 h indicating the inhibitory effect of the leaf extracts on the six species of bacteria. X fastidiosa, the causal organism of Pierce's disease, was very sensitive to leaf extracts from ESF12 transformed plants. Further work is needed to verify the agricultural utility of ESF12 transformants. In New York, some transformants were resistant to powdery mildew and Botrytis fruit rot. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements and implications The following scientific achievements resulted from this cooperative BARD project: 1. Development and improvement of embryogenesis and tissue culture manipulation in grape, while extending these procedures to several agriculturally important cultivars both in Israel and USA. 2. Development and improvement of novel transformation procedures while developing transformation techniques for grape and other recalcitrant species. 3. Production of transgenic grapevines, characterization of transformed vines while studying the expression patterns of a marker gene under the control of different promoter as the 35S CaMV in different part of the plants including flowers and fruits. 4. Expression of anti-fungal genes in grape: establishment of transgenic plants and evaluation of gene expression. Development of techniques to insert multiple genes. 5. Isolation of novel grape specific promoter to control the expression of future antimicrobial genes. It is of great importance to report that significant progress was made in not only the development of transgenic grapevines, but also in the evaluation of their potential for increased resistance to disease as compared with the non engineered cultivar. In several cases, increased disease resistance was observed. More research and development is still needed before a product can be commercialized, yet our project lays a framework for further investigations.
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Optimization of Aspergillus versicolor culture and aerosolization in a murine model of inhalational fungal exposure (dataset). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshrd-1078-2023-0.

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NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of Aspergillus fumigatus Administered by Inhalation to B6C3F1/N Mice. NIEHS, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22427/ntp-tox-100.

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