Journal articles: 'Aspergillus – Growth'

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Rhodes, Judith C. "Aspergillus fumigatus: Growth and virulence." Medical Mycology 44, s1 (January 2006): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13693780600779419.

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Bhati, Praveesh. "EFFECT OF TEMPERATURES ON THE GROWTH OF FLORAL WASTE DEGRADING FUNGI." Fungal Territory 2, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ft.2019.2.2.12-15.

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The goal of present study was to find out optimum growth temperature of isolated floral waste degrading fungi viz. Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternate and Aspergillus terreus. Eleven different temperature range ( 20°C, 22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 32°C, 34°C,36°C,38°C,40°C) were selected to find the optimum growth of these fungi on floral extract-basal medium for flask experiments. The optimum growth temperature of all four fungal strains was found at 32°C±1°C. Beside Alternaria alternate, remaining other three selected fungal strains showed growth at all selected temperatures. At optimum growth temperature (32°C±1°C), the highest growth occurred in Aspergillus fumigates and Aspergillus terreus (155 mg/50 ml/7 days) while lowest growth was observed in Aspergillus flavus and Alternaria alternata (140 mg/50 ml/7 days). At minimum selected growth temperature (20°C), maximum growth was found in Aspergillus flavus (45 mg/50 ml/7 days) and lowest growth occurred in Alternaria alternata (35 mg/50 ml/7 days) while at maximum selected growth temperature (40°C) highest growth seen in Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus (30 mg/50 ml/7 days) and no growth recorded in Alternaria alternata (00 mg/50 ml/7 days).

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Singh, Daljit, Vikas Kumar, PoonamSood Loomba, and RavindraKumar Saran. "Aspergillus growth within ventriculoperitoneal shunt tube." Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences 12, no. 1 (2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpn.jpn_149_16.

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Rachmawati, Laili, and Mustafidah Udkhiyati. "Toxicity Test of Chromium and Glutaraldehyde to Determine Greener Chemical in Tannery Industry." Materials Science Forum 901 (July 2017): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.901.160.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity level of chromium and glutaraldehyde. This research was conducted by testing the resistance level of fungi (Aspergillus niger sp.) toward glutaraldehyde and chromium in the medium of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Variable of this experiment was the growth of Aspergillus niger sp. that indicates the resistance level of Aspergillus niger sp. The growth rate of Aspergillus niger sp. was classified on four scales. They were, (I) scale 1: zero growth; (II) scale 2: low growth (+); (III) scale 3: medium growth (++); (IV) Scale: 4 high growth (+++). All collected data were analysed by One Way ANOVA. The result showed that the toxicity of chromium and glutaraldehyde tanning material were highly significantly different toward Aspergillus niger (P<0,01). The Aspergillus niger sp. growth rate scale in chromium medium was high (scale 4: 4.00±0.00). Meanwhile, the growth rate scale of the Aspergillus niger sp. in glutaraldehyde medium was low (scale 2: 1.33 ± 0.58). Based on the fungi growth rate, it can be concluded that glutaraldehyde was more toxic than chromium tanning material toward Aspergillus niger sp. Furthermore, it can be said that glutaraldehyde is not quite ideal to be used as an alternative of chromium as a tanning material.

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CAMPANIELLO, DANIELA, MARIA ROSARIA CORBO, and MILENA SINIGAGLIA. "Antifungal Activity of Eugenol against Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium Species." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 1124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.6.1124.

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The antifungal activity of eugenol in a model system against aspergilli (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Emericella nidulans), penicilli (Penicillium expansum, Penicillium glabrum, and Penicillium italicum), and fusaria (Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium avenaceum) was investigated. Minimum detection time (time to attain a colony diameter of 1 cm) and the kinetic parameters were evaluated. The effectiveness of the active compound seemed to be strain or genus dependent; 100 mg/liter represented a critical value for P. expansum, P. glabrum, P. italicum, A. niger, and E. nidulans because a further increase of eugenol resulted in fungistatic activity. The radial growth of A. terreus and F. avenaceum was inhibited at 140 mg/liter, and growth of F. oxysporum was completely inhibited at 150 mg/liter.

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Mindubaev, Anton Z., Elena K. Badeeva, Salima T. Minzanova, Lubov G. Mironova, Edward V. Babynin, and Yaw Abaye Akosah. "The influence of the culture media composition on the white phosphorus biodegradation by Aspergillus niger." Butlerov Communications 58, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-5-1.

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The biodegradation of white phosphorus is undoubtedly an amazing illustration of the adaptability of living organisms to adverse environmental factors. In addition, it is a potential basis for the creation of new, breakthrough methods for detoxifying substances of the first class danger. However, establishing the fact of biological destruction is only half the battle. It is essential to optimize the growth conditions of microbial cultures and P4 biodegradation for industrial cultivation. The presented study compared the growth of Aspergillus niger strain AM1 in culture media varying in composition but containing P4 as the sole source of phosphorus. Of the ten media, two in which Aspergillus grew the fastest were selected. These media were concluded to be optimal for growth. Comparing the compositions of the media and the growth rate of Aspergillus in them, we found a key component that is a favorable factor for the growth of AM1 and the biodegradation of white phosphorus. This component was sodium nitrate (NaNO3). It has also been shown that copper sulphate (CuSO4) has no effect on the growth of Aspergillus in media with white phosphorus, regardless of the composition of these media. This result is in harmony with our previous findings. Furthermore, in the present work, attempts to increase the concentration of white phosphorus in the culture medium to values above 1% are described for the first time. For this purpose, we added the following solvents to the culture media: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diesel, in which white phosphorus dissolves relatively well. Apparently, the presence of these substances adversely affects the growth of Aspergill. Therefore, the problem of further increasing the concentration of P4 remains an unanswered.

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Taheri-Talesh, Naimeh, Tetsuya Horio, Lidia Araujo-Bazán, Xiaowei Dou, Eduardo A. Espeso, Miguel A. Peñalva, Stephen A. Osmani, and Berl R. Oakley. "The Tip Growth Apparatus of Aspergillus nidulans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 4 (April 2008): 1439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-05-0464.

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Hyphal tip growth in fungi is important because of the economic and medical importance of fungi, and because it may be a useful model for polarized growth in other organisms. We have investigated the central questions of the roles of cytoskeletal elements and of the precise sites of exocytosis and endocytosis at the growing hyphal tip by using the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Time-lapse imaging of fluorescent fusion proteins reveals a remarkably dynamic, but highly structured, tip growth apparatus. Live imaging of SYNA, a synaptobrevin homologue, and SECC, an exocyst component, reveals that vesicles accumulate in the Spitzenkörper (apical body) and fuse with the plasma membrane at the extreme apex of the hypha. SYNA is recycled from the plasma membrane by endocytosis at a collar of endocytic patches, 1–2 μm behind the apex of the hypha, that moves forward as the tip grows. Exocytosis and endocytosis are thus spatially coupled. Inhibitor studies, in combination with observations of fluorescent fusion proteins, reveal that actin functions in exocytosis and endocytosis at the tip and in holding the tip growth apparatus together. Microtubules are important for delivering vesicles to the tip area and for holding the tip growth apparatus in position.

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Sohrabi, Nooshin, Zuhair Muhammad Hassan, Ali Reza Khosravi, Majid Tebianian, Mehdi Mahdavi, Zahra Tootian, Seyyed Mahmoud Ebrahimi, Mohammad Hosein Yadegari, and Zahra Gheflati. "Invasive aspergillosis promotes tumor growth and severity in a tumor-bearing mouse model." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 56, no. 9 (September 2010): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w10-064.

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Invasive aspergillosis increases in chronic immunosuppressive diseases such as cancer. There is little information about the mechanisms by which Aspergillus infection affects the immune regulation and microenvironment of cancer cells. Hence, this study was aimed at investigating the effect of invasive aspergillosis on immunosurveillance, metastasis, and prognosis of cancer in tumor-bearing mice. After implantation of mouse mammary tumor in BALB/c mice, they were infected with Aspergillus conidia intravenously. For comparison, groups of mice were experimentally infected with Aspergillus conidia or implanted with tumor cells separately. Seven days after Aspergillus infection, the serum levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were measured by ELISA, and subsequently regulatory T lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The survival of animals and mean tumor size were then determined. Our results indicated that tumor sizes in mice increased significantly after infection with Aspergillus conidia. Moreover, invasive aspergillosis enhanced the population of regulatory lymphocytes and level of TIMP-1. This study supports the idea that massive Aspergillus infection could stimulate tumor growth and increases the possibility of a bad prognosis. As a result, treatment of Aspergillus infection could be considered an important issue for efficient cancer therapy.

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Wilson, Richard A., Ana M. Calvo, Perng-Kuang Chang, and Nancy P. Keller. "Characterization of the Aspergillus parasiticus Δ12-desaturase gene: a role for lipid metabolism in the Aspergillus–seed interaction." Microbiology 150, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 2881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27207-0.

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In the mycotoxigenic oilseed pathogens Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives act as important developmental signals that affect asexual conidiospore, sexual ascospore and/or sclerotial development. To dissect the relationship between lipid metabolism and fungal development, an A. parasiticus Δ12-desaturase mutant that was unable to convert oleic acid to linoleic acid and was thus impaired in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis was generated. The Δ12-desaturase mutant demonstrates delayed spore germination, a twofold reduction in growth, a reduced level of conidiation and complete loss of sclerotial development, compared to the wild-type. Host colonization is impaired, as reflected by a decrease in conidial production on live peanut and corn seed by the mutant compared to the wild-type. Similarly, the previously isolated A. nidulans Δ12-desaturase mutant has reduced colonization capabilities compared to the wild-type. Therefore, desaturation mutants display a key requisite that affords a genetic solution to oilseed crop contamination by mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species: a reduction in the production of conidia, the infectious particle of the pathogenic aspergilli.

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Priesterjahn, Eva-Maria, Rolf Geisen, and Markus Schmidt-Heydt. "Influence of Light and Water Activity on Growth and Mycotoxin Formation of Selected Isolates of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8122000.

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Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus are the main causes of aflatoxin contamination in various foods, particularly grains, as they can thrive in environments with lower water activity and higher temperatures. The growth of Aspergillus and the formation of the mycotoxins aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid are strongly influenced by environmental stimuli and can be reduced by modulating parameters such as water activity, pH, temperature and light during the storage. This study has two objectives—on the one hand, to assess how global warming and an increase in exposure to sunlight affect growth and mycotoxin formation, and on the other hand, how the findings from these experiments can be used to reduce fungal growth and mycotoxin formation in stored foods. Using growth substrates with two different water activities (aw 0.95, aw 0.98), together with a light incubation device consisting of different chambers equipped with diodes emitting visible light of five different wavelengths (455 nm, 470 nm, 530 nm, 590 nm, 627 nm) plus white light, we analyzed the growth and mycotoxin formation of selected Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus isolates. It was shown that light with a wavelength of 455/470 nm alone, but especially in combination with a lower water activity of aw 0.95, leads to a significant reduction in growth and mycotoxin formation, which was accompanied by reduced transcriptional activity of the responsible mycotoxin biosynthetic genes. Therefore, these results can be used to significantly reduce the growth and the mycotoxin formation of the analyzed fungi during storage and to estimate the trend of fungal infestation by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus in water activity- and light exposure-equivalent climate change scenarios. Mycotoxin-producing aspergilli can be effective and sustainably inhibited using a combination of short-wave light and lowered water activity in the substrate. A higher annual mean temperature accompanying climate change may lead to an increased spread of aflatoxin-producing fungi in areas that were previously too cold for them. On the other hand, there will be regions in the world where contamination with aflatoxin-producing fungi will be reduced due to increased drought and sun exposure.

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Singh, Pummi, Marc Orbach, and Peter Cotty. "Aspergillus texensis: A Novel Aflatoxin Producer with S Morphology from the United States." Toxins 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120513.

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Aflatoxins are carcinogenic metabolites produced primarily by fungi within Aspergillus section Flavi. These fungi infect a wide range of crops in warm regions. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of fungi with S morphology (average sclerotium size < 400 µm) within section Flavi collected from across the United States (US) resulted in the discovery of a novel aflatoxin-producing species, Aspergillus texensis. Aspergillus texensis was isolated from maize grown in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, and from soils cropped to maize in Texas. Aspergillus texensis produces sparse conidia and abundant sclerotia on various culture media, and on maize. Physiological studies have revealed optimal growth on culture media at 35 °C. All isolates of A. texensis produced B and G aflatoxins, cyclopiazonic acid and aspergillic acid. Aspergillus texensis and A. flavus S strain morphotypes produced similar concentrations of total aflatoxins on maize (p > 0.05). Phylogenetic analyses of aflatoxin-producers based on partial gene sequences of the β-tubulin (0.9 kb), calmodulin (1.2 kb), and nitrate reductase (2.1 kb) genes placed A. texensis in a highly supported monophyletic clade closely related to A. minisclerotigenes and a previously reported unnamed lineage designated Lethal Aflatoxicosis Fungus.

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Ali, U., M. U. Baffa, and Y. Shamsuddeen. "Physicochemical and functional characterization of chitosan prepared from Schistocerca gregaria (desert grasshopper) and the investigation of its antimicrobial activity." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i2.14.

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Chitosan a versatile bioploymer was prepared from Schistocerca gregaria (desert grasshopper). The physicochemical parameters associated with the prepared chitosan were analyzed. Percentage yields (25.23%), ash content (3.25%), moisture content (1.72%), fat binding capacity (399.91%), pH (6.7-7.0), solubility (2% acetic acid) and degree of deacetylation (97.68%) were all established. FTIR and surface morphology (via SEM) analyses were carried out on the prepared chitosan. The activity of the prepared chitosan was tested against two gram positive bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi), one gram negative bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus) and three fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergilus fumigatus) by agar well diffusion methods. The results revealed that the chitosan inhibited the growth of microbes in vitro.

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Rahman, Lia Utami. "ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF BLACK CUMIN SEEDS ON Aspergillus sp." Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/indonesian.v1i2.30526.

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Aspergillus sp. is a type of pathogenic fungus and can cause pulmonary aspergillosis. This research aims to determine the concentration of methanol extract from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds which effective to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus sp. (RMPRB2). This research used poisoned food method with Completely Randomized Design consisting of six treatments with four replications. The results showed that the methanol extract of Nigella sativa seeds could inhibit the growth of fungal isolates from Aspergillus sp. (RMPRB2). The Methanol extract of Nigella sativa with a concentration of 2% and the positive control gave a strong inhibitory activity to the growth of Aspergillus sp. (RMPRB2) with a percentage of 100%. Concentration of 1% is the most effective result because gave a very strong inhibitory activity to the growth of fungal isolates of Aspergillus sp. (RMPRB2).

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Gizachew, D., C. H. Chang, B. Szonyi, and W. E. Ting. "Aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus on deoiled ground nyjer seeds." World Mycotoxin Journal 14, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2020.2623.

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Nyjer seeds are oil rich (35-40% oil content) seeds of the plant Guizotia abyssinica, which is closely related to sunflower. They are pressed mechanically for cooking oil in Ethiopia and elsewhere. The remaining deoiled cake, which contains approximately 10% oil is commonly used as animal feed. This study investigated the effect of water activity and temperature on the growth and aflatoxin production of the four main forms of aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1 and G2) by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus on ground nyjer seed with 10% oil. The ground nyjer seeds were adjusted to different water activity aw levels (0.82, 0.86, 0.90, 0.94 and 0.98 aw) and incubated at 20, 27 and 35 °C, up to 30 days. Our results show that A. flavus and A. parasiticus had similar growth patterns in which the slowest fungal growth occurred on ground seeds with 0.86 aw at 20 °C. There was no fungal growth for either A. flavus or A. parasiticus at 0.82 aw. The most rapid growth conditions for A. flavus and A. parasiticus were 0.94 aw at 35 °C, and 0.94 aw at 20 °C, respectively. Aspergillus flavus produced aflatoxins (13 μg/kg aflatoxin B1) only on seeds with 0.94 aw at 27 °C, while A. parasiticus produced high levels of aflatoxins under several conditions; the highest concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (175 μg/kg) and AFG1 (153 μg/kg) were produced on deoiled ground seeds with 0.94 aw at 27 °C. It is likely that storing ground deoiled nyjer seeds with a water activity up to 0.82 aw at 20 °C will reduce fungal growth aflatoxin production.

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Kim Lien, Phan Thi. "EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, WATER ACTIVITY AND CINNAMON ESSENTIAL OIL ON THE GROWTH OF ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS LA01 AND ASPERGILLUS NIGER LA04." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 5A (March 24, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/5a/12177.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of temperature, water activity and cinnamon essential oil on the growth of Aspergillus flavus LA01 and Aspergillus niger LA04 and these factors were further optimized to inhibit their growth. Both strains were isolated by Potato Dextrose Agar medium (PDA) and identified by sequencing method from rice collected in Long An province. Evaluating these factors’ inhibition on the fungi growth was based on growth rate at the various points of water activity (aw) (v/v) such as 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 0.99 and at 25 oC, 30 oC, 37 oC, 42 oC; at various concentrations of the oils 0 %, 1 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7.5 %, 10 % and 15 % at 30 oC incubated for 5 days - the disc diffusion method. The results showed that 30 oC and aw = 0.95 - 0.99 were optimum conditions for Aspergillus flavus LA01 and Aspergillus niger LA04 growth. However, at 42 oC, 37 oC and aw = 0.85 - 0.9 could control Aspergillus flavus LA01 and Aspergillus niger LA04 growth. At concentration of 10 - 15% cinnamon essential oils (EOs), 30 oC and aw = 0.9 - 0.95 could also inhibit them.

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Bottone, Edward J., Nimesh Nagarsheth, and Kenneth Chiu. "Evidence of self-inhibition by filamentous fungi accounts for unidirectional hyphal growth in colonies." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-009.

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Hyphal growth in filamentous fungi proceeds in an unidirectional radial pattern from a point inoculation. An inhibitor produced, secreted, and absorbed by the advancing hyphae has been speculated to account for directional growth. Working with Mucor and Aspergillus, laboratory evidence is provided for the production of an inhibitor by the advancing hyphae of these filmentous fungi that precludes back growth. Strains of Mucor and Aspergillus inoculated in agar on a 0.45-mm membrane filter placed on agar surfaces grow radially beyond the filter perimeter and onto the agar surface. Removal of the filter pad does not result in hyphal extension back into the clear zone underlying the membrane filter. Inoculation of the clear zone with a fresh Mucor or Aspergillus spore suspension does not result in hyphal growth. Instead, germinating spores show aberrant and aborted hyphae. The fungal inhibitor shows cross-reactivity between Mucor and Aspergillus, is resistant to pronase (10 mg/mL) but not chloroform inactivation, and passes through dialysis tubing with a molecular weight cutoff of 3500.Key words: fungal inhibitor, unidirectional hyphal growth, radial hyphal growth, Mucor, Aspergillus.

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ALTIERI, CLELIA, DANIELA CARDILLO, ANTONIO BEVILACQUA, and MILENA SINIGAGLIA. "Inhibition of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. by Fatty Acids and Their Monoglycerides." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 1206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.5.1206.

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The antifungal activity of three fatty acids (lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids) and their monoglycerides (monolaurin, monomyristic acid, and palmitin, respectively) against Aspergillus and Penicillium species in a model system was investigated. Data were modeled through a reparameterized Gompertz equation. The maximum colony diameter attained within the experimental time (30 days), the maximal radial growth rate, the lag time (i.e., the number of days before the beginning of radial fungal growth), and the minimum detection time (MDT; the number of days needed to attain 1 cm colony diameter) were evaluated. Fatty acids and their monoglycerides inhibited mold growth by increasing MDT and lag times. The effectiveness of the active compounds seemed to be strain and genus dependent. Palmitic acid was the most effective chemical against aspergilli, whereas penicilli were strongly inhibited by myristic acid. Aspergilli also were more susceptible to fatty acids than were penicilli, as indicated by the longer MDT.

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Dewi, Pramesti, Retno Indrati, Ria Millati, and Sardjono Sardjono. "Effect of Lime Pretreatment on Microstructure of Cassava Stalk Fibers and Growth of Aspergillus niger." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 1 (April 2, 2018): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.13802.

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Cassava stalk can be converted into sugar-based product by using microorganism. Unfortunately, lignin act as a barrier of optimal bioconversion. Cassava stalk needs pretreatment process for removing this barrier. The effect of lime pretreatment on microstructure of cassava stalk fibers and the growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were observed in this research. The cassava stalks were reduced into 0.147- 0.297 mm size and pretreated with 1 % Ca(OH)2. Lime pretreated and unpretreated cassava stalk was used as solid medium for Aspegillus niger FNCC 6114. The effect of pretreatment method on fibers microstructure of cassava stalk was evaluated through SEM micrograph. The growth and metabolism activities of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were monitored through SEM micrograph of media after fermentation. The other parameters examined were changes in glucosamine, reducing sugar levels, and spores’ quantity. Lime pretreatment altered microstructure of cassava stalk fibers. However, cassava stalk without lime pretreatment gave better growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 based on metabolism activities parameters. Cassava stalks is suitable as media for Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 through solid state fermentation. For better growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 fine-sized cassava stalk should not be lime pretreated. The results of this study provide information about the pretreatment of cassava stems which was effective in supporting the growth of Aspergillus niger. Enhancements the utilization of cassava stems by using fungi, for example Aspergillus niger can overcome the accumulation of organic waste that can interfere with environmental sustainability.

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Manavathu, Elias K., Jessica L. Cutright, and Pranatharthi H. Chandrasekar. "Organism-Dependent Fungicidal Activities of Azoles." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 3018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.11.3018.

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ABSTRACT We investigated the antifungal activities of itraconazole and voriconazole on Aspergillus species by time kill studies, and the results were compared with those obtained forCandida species. Exposure of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia to varying concentrations (1.25 to 10 μg/ml) of itraconazole and voriconazole resulted in cellular death; the cytocidal effect was time and concentration dependent. In contrast, no killing of Candida albicans occurred in the presence of itraconazole and voriconazole at concentrations as high as 10 μg/ml, although candidal growth was inhibited compared to the drug-free control. Amphotericin B (1.25 to 10 μg/ml), on the other hand, killed both A. fumigatus and C. albicans. Similar results were obtained for non-A. fumigatus aspergilli and non-C. albicans Candida species. These observations indicate that both itraconazole and voriconazole are cytocidal agents for Aspergillus species but not for Candidaspecies, suggesting that azoles possess organism-dependent fungicidal activities.

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Roze, Ludmila V., Randolph M. Beaudry, Anna E. Arthur, Ana M. Calvo, and John E. Linz. "Aspergillus Volatiles Regulate Aflatoxin Synthesis and Asexual Sporulation in Aspergillus parasiticus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 22 (September 21, 2007): 7268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00801-07.

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ABSTRACT Aspergillus parasiticus is one primary source of aflatoxin contamination in economically important crops. To prevent the potential health and economic impacts of aflatoxin contamination, our goal is to develop practical strategies to reduce aflatoxin synthesis on susceptible crops. One focus is to identify biological and environmental factors that regulate aflatoxin synthesis and to manipulate these factors to control aflatoxin biosynthesis in the field or during crop storage. In the current study, we analyzed the effects of aspergillus volatiles on growth, development, aflatoxin biosynthesis, and promoter activity in the filamentous fungus A. parasiticus. When colonies of Aspergillus nidulans and A. parasiticus were incubated in the same growth chamber, we observed a significant reduction in aflatoxin synthesis and asexual sporulation by A. parasiticus. Analysis of the headspace gases demonstrated that A. nidulans produced much larger quantities of 2-buten-1-ol (CA) and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (EH) than A. parasiticus. In its pure form, EH inhibited growth and increased aflatoxin accumulation in A. parasiticus at all doses tested; EH also stimulated aflatoxin transcript accumulation. In contrast, CA exerted dose-dependent up-regulatory or down-regulatory effects on aflatoxin accumulation, conidiation, and aflatoxin transcript accumulation. Experiments with reporter strains carrying nor-1 promoter deletions and mutations suggested that the differential effects of CA were mediated through separate regulatory regions in the nor-1 promoter. The potential efficacy of CA as a tool for analysis of transcriptional regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis is discussed. We also identify a novel, rapid, and reliable method to assess norsolorinic acid accumulation in solid culture using a Chroma Meter CR-300 apparatus.

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Park, Jeong-Yeong, and Jong-Gyu Kim. "Inhibitory Effect of Garlic on the Growth of Aspergillus parasiticus." Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences 35, no. 2 (April 30, 2009): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/jehs.2009.35.2.095.

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Chu, Xuan, Wei Wang, Xinzhi Ni, Haitao Zheng, Xin Zhao, Ren Zhang, and Yufeng Li. "Growth Identification of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus by Visible/Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging." Applied Sciences 8, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8040513.

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Nielsen, Kirsten, Gary A. Payne, and Rebecca S. Boston. "Maize Ribosome-Inactivating Protein Inhibits Normal Development of Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus flavus." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 2 (February 2001): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.2.164.

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The abundant maize kernel ribosome-inactivating protein 1 (RIP1) was tested for antifungal activity against Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus flavus. A microculture assay was developed to monitor fungal growth and development after treatment of conidia with RIP1 or control proteins. A striking decrease in hyphal proliferation was observed when conidia of A. nidulans, a genetically well-characterized nonpathogenic species, were treated with RIP1 protein. Treatment with a RIP1 mutant protein that lacked enzymatic ribosome-inactivating activity caused no observable effects. RIP1 treatment of conidia from the maize pathogen A. flavus resulted in increased hyphal branching. Examination of the branched hyphae after Congo red staining revealed only one growing hyphal tip per conidium. These results indicate that both fungi were affected by RIP1 treatment, but the lysis seen with treatment of A. nidulans was apparently avoided by A. flavus. A developmental time course revealed that both fungal species were affected by RIP1 at the postdivisional growth stage. The inhibitory activity of RIP1 against normal fungal growth is consistent with a biological function to protect the seed from fungal invasion.

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Susilowati, Dwi N., and Untung Haryono. "Growth Inhibition of Aspergillus spp. by Endophytic Bacteria." Jurnal AgroBiogen 14, no. 1 (October 18, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v14n1.2018.p47-54.

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<p>Aspergillus spp. (A. niger, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus) contaminate food commodities through production of secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) and aspergillosis, and thus pose severe hazard to human and animal health. Hence, the inhibition of mycotoxin-producing fungi on agricultural storage commodities needs to be considered. The aims of this study were to evaluate endophytic bacteria isolated from rice tissues that inhibit Aspergillus spp. growth, as well as to characterize the selected isolates morphologically and biochemically. Dual culture and disk diffusion method tests on 155 endophytic bacteria obtained three isolates, i.e. FB-Endo 65, FB-Endo 73, and FB-Endo 95, which showed inhibition zone from 13 to 17 mm against Aspergillus spp. growth. The inhibition zone and quantity of antifungal compounds increased positively with the length of incubation periods from 0 to 6 days. Antifungal compounds from the three isolates were insoluble in ethyl acetate, but soluble in methanol. The methanol soluble substance(s) from FB-Endo 73 showed higher inhibition zone than that of the other isolates. This result indicated that all three isolates produced strong antifungal activity. Morphological and biochemical identifications of the isolates revealed that all isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus sp. Further studies include identification and production methods of antifungal compounds of those endophytic bacteria and their application on stored seeds.</p>

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SUBRAHMANYAM, Sreenath, Narendran KODANDAPANI, Kumaran SHANMUGAM, Karunakaran MOOVARKUMUTHALVAN, D. JEYAKUMAR, and T. V. SUBRAMANIAN. "Cyclic Voltammetric Measurements of Growth of Aspergillus terreus." Analytical Sciences 17, no. 4 (2001): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.17.481.

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Singh, Digar, Sunmin Lee, and Choong Hwan Lee. "Fathoming Aspergillus oryzae metabolomes in formulated growth matrices." Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 39, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2018.1490246.

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Gómez-Ramírez, C., M. E. Sosa-Morales, E. Palou, and A. López-Malo. "Aspergillus niger time to growth in dried tomatoes." International Journal of Food Microbiology 164, no. 1 (June 2013): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.03.017.

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Matsuura, Shu, and Sasuke Miyazima. "Self-affine fractal growth front of Aspergillus oryzae." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 191, no. 1-4 (December 1992): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(92)90501-g.

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Mohamed, Dina Yousif. "Detection the antifungal effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on mold which isolated from domestic's bathroom." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 29, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v29i1.274.

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The aim of this study is to detection the antifungal effect of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles on mold which isolated from domestic's bathroom during April 2017 in Baghdad City. Twenty species were isolated from one hundred samples which were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus. flavus, , Aspergillus duricaulis, Aspergillus nidulans Aspergillus. parasiticus ,Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus. brasiliensis ,Aspergillus heteromorphus , Curvularia lunata, Penicillium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, , Alternaria alternate, Cladosporium sp. Trichoderma sp., Mucor, Rhizopus sp., Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, , Stachybotrys and yeast. Among the isolated species Aspergillus niger, was the most abundant (14.92%) followed by Aspergillus flavus (10.14%), while less abundant (0.95 & 0.63 %) Cladosporium sp. &, Mucor respectively. The higher demoralization of fungal growth was recorded at 8mg/ml concentration of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles which was (3.8cm) in molds Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus. flavus, , & Aspergillus. brasiliensis

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Warnock, D. W., D. A. Oliver, M. M. Cheung, and N. J. Zurick. "Effect of methotrexate on the germination and growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus strains." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 29, no. 4 (1992): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/29.4.375.

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Oliver, Brian G., John C. Panepinto, David S. Askew, and Judith C. Rhodes. "cAMP alteration of growth rate of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger is carbon-source dependent." Microbiology 148, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 2627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-148-8-2627.

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Foddai, Sebastiano, Stefano Pieretti, Mauro Serafini, Lamberto Tomassini, Marcello Nicoletti, and G. B. Marini-Bettolo. "Effect of potassium sorbate on growth and mycotoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus ochraceus." Rendiconti Lincei 1, no. 3 (September 1990): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03001767.

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Schmidt, Stanislaw, Michael Hogardt, Asuman Demir, Frauke Röger, and Thomas Lehrnbecher. "Immunosuppressive Compounds Affect the Fungal Growth and Viability of Defined Aspergillus Species." Pathogens 8, no. 4 (November 29, 2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040273.

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Immunosuppressive drugs are administered to a number of patients; e.g., to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Immunosuppressive drugs impair the immune system and thus increase the risk of invasive fungal disease, but may exhibit antifungal activity at the same time. We investigated the impact of various concentrations of three commonly used immunosuppressive compounds—cyclosporin A (CsA), methylprednisolone (mPRED), and mycophenolic acid (MPA)—on the growth and viability of five clinically important Aspergillus species. Methods included disc diffusion, optical density of mycelium, and viability assays such as XTT. MPA and CsA had a species-specific and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of all Aspergillus spp. tested, although growth inhibition by MPA was highest in A. niger, A. flavus and A. brasiliensis. Both agents exhibited species-specific hyphal damage, which was higher when the immunosuppressants were added to growing conidia than to mycelium. In contrast, mPRED increased the growth of A. niger, but had no major impact on the growth and viability of any of the other Aspergillus species tested. Our findings may help to better understand the interaction of drugs with Aspergillus species and ultimately may have an impact on individualizing immunosuppressive therapy.

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Villanueva, Joebert M., Marida Arend V. Arugay, and Rachel Zita H. Ramos. "In Vitro Antimycotic Activity of Four Medicinal Plants Versus Clotrimazole in the Treatment of Otomycosis: A Preliminary Study." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v23i1.759.

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Objective: To determine the antimycotic activity of the four medicinal plant extracts, kalachuchi bark (Plumeria acuminata Ait.), atsuete bark (Bixa orellana Linn.), akapulko leaves (Cassia alata Linn.), and neem leaves (Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss), when compared to the standard clotrimazole in the treatment of otomycosis. Study Design: Experimental Study Methods: Taxonomically identified plants, kalachuchi, atsuete, akapulko, and neem tree were collected and deposited in an herbarium. Extracts of these plants and the standard clotrimazole were tested against isolates of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans taken from patients with otomycosis. Three trials were made for each extract using different solvents and results subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Of the four medicinal plant extracts studied, only kalachuchi bark extract exhibited antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger using methylethylketone as solvent when compared to the standard clotrimazole. It was equally effective in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus and A. niger. However, all plant extracts using all types of solvents were equally ineffective in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans. Conclusion: This in vitro study suggested that kalachuchi (Plumeria acuminata Linn.) bark extract inhibits the growth of Aspergillus species and was comparable to the standard clotrimazole. Following appropriate further studies and clinical trials, it may be a potential alternative treatment option for otomycosis caused by Aspergillus species. Key words: otomycosis; kalachuchi (Plumeria acuminata Linn.) bark; antimycotic; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger

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Čvek, Domagoj, Ksenija Markov, Jadranka Frece, Tibela Dragičević, Matea Majica, and Frane Delaš. "Growth Inhibition of Aspergillus Ochraceus ZMPBF 318 and Penicillium Expansum ZMPBF 565 by Four Essential Oils." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-2009.

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Growth Inhibition of Aspergillus Ochraceus ZMPBF 318 and Penicillium Expansum ZMPBF 565 by Four Essential OilsFungi produce a large variety of extracellular proteins, organic acids, and other metabolites and can adapt to several environmental conditions. Mycotoxin-producing moulds of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium are common food contaminants. One of the natural ways to protect food from mould contamination is to use essential oils. In this study, we evaluated the effect of essential oils of cinnamon, lavender, rosemary, and sage at 1 % (v/v) concentration in yeast media inoculated with spores (final concentration 106 mL-1 media) of Aspergillus ochraceus ZMPBF 318 and Penicillium expansum ZMPBF 565, alone or in combination, on fungal biomass. Cinnamon showed the best inhibitory effect (100 %). Lavender oil best inhibited the growth of Aspergillus ochraceus (nearly 100 %), and was less successful with Penicillium expansum (having dropped to 57 % on day 28). With cultivation time the inhibitory effect of sage and rosemary oil grew for Aspergillus ochraceus and dropped for Penicillium expansum.These results suggest that fungi can be controlled with essential oils, especially with cinnamon oil.

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Saddiq, Amna Ali, and Monagi H. Alkinani. "Fungicidal Impact of Salvadora Persica L. (Miswak) Extract on Growth of Foodborne Pathogens, Aspergillus Species." Dose-Response 17, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 155932581987621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325819876218.

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Several investigations have focused on studying the suppressing influence of Salvadora persica (miswak) on oral microbes; however, studies regarding its fungicidal activity versus human aspergillosis-related illness are still scarce. The current research was designed to evaluate the fungicidal action of S persica aquatic root extract in terms of radial growth rate and inhibition zone (IZO) versus 3 pathogenic Aspergillus species, namely, A niger, A flavus, and A fumigatus in vitro. The results revealed that the plant extract (50 and 100 mg/mL) exhibited a prohibiting influence on the growth of the tested fungal species. The high concentration (100 mg/mL) of the plant extract was efficient in prohibiting the growing rate of the tested Aspergillus species after 6 days exposure period. Aspergillus niger and A flavus showed the largest inhibition ratios (60% and 54.4%, respectively) and IZO (33.00 ± 0.05 mm and 25.50 ± 0.18 mm, respectively) versus the control counterparts. Aspergillus fumigatus showed the minimum inhibition ratio (39%) and IZO (20.31 ± 0.05). The present data showed that the extract of S persica possesses potential fungicidal influence versus the tested pathogenic Aspergillus species and this may support the utilization of this extract as a promising antifungal agent versus aspergillosis.

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Richardson, Malcolm, and Riina Rautemaa-Richardson. "Exposure to Aspergillus in Home and Healthcare Facilities’ Water Environments: Focus on Biofilms." Microorganisms 7, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7010007.

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Aspergillus conida are ubiquitous in the environment, including freshwater, water for bathing, and in drinking water. Vulnerable patients and those suffering from allergic diseases are susceptible to aspergillosis. Avoidance of Aspergillus is of paramount importance. Potential outbreaks of aspergillosis in hospital facilities have been described where the water supply has been implicated. Little is known regarding the risk of exposure to Aspergillus in water. How does Aspergillus survive in water? This review explores the biofilm state of Aspergillus growth based on recent literature and suggests that biofilms are responsible for the persistence of Aspergillus in domestic and healthcare facilities’ water supplies.

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Ziyaee, Peyman, Vahid Farzand Ahmadi, Pourya Bazyar, and Eugenio Cavallo. "Comparison of Different Image Processing Methods for Segregation of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds Infected by Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050873.

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Fungi such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are molds infecting food and animal feed, are responsible for aflatoxin contamination, and cause a significant problem for human and animal health. The detection of aflatoxin and aflatoxigenic fungi on raw material is a major concern to protect health, secure food and feed, and preserve their value. The effectiveness of image processing, combined with computational techniques, has been investigated to detect and segregate peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds infected with an aflatoxin producing fungus. After inoculation with Aspergillus flavus, images of peanuts seeds were taken using various lighting sources (LED, UV, and fluorescent lights) on two backgrounds (black and white) at 0, 48, and 72 h after inoculation. Images were post-processed with three different machine learning tools: the artificial neural network (ANN), the support vector machine (SVM), and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to detect the Aspergillus flavus growth on peanuts. The results of the study show that the combination of LED light and a white background with ANN had 99.7% accuracy in detecting fungal growth on peanuts 72 h from infection with Aspergillus. Additionally, UV lights and a black background with ANFIS achieve 99.9% accuracy in detecting fungal growth on peanuts 48 h after their infection with Aspergillus.

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Wuryanti, Wuryanti. "Pengaruh Penambahan Biotin Pada Media Pertumbuhan Terhadap Produksi Sel Aspergillus niger." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 10, no. 2 (April 25, 2012): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.10.2.46-50.

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Aspergillus niger is one of microorganisms which has potensial as L-asparaginase source. Biotin are vitamins soluble in water and have function to facilitate the increasing cell growth. The research has purposes to determine the influences of adding biotin into growing medium of Aspergillus niger to its cell production. The results from research show that the optimum incubation time for producing biomass weight of Aspergillus niger was at the 48th hour. Addition of biotin 0.1 mg/L into growing medium of Aspergillus niger might increase biomass weight of Aspergillus niger until 40.17 %.

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ROESSLER, PETER F., and MARY C. BALLENGER. "Contamination of an Unpreserved Semisoft Baked Cookie with a Xerophilic Aspergillus species." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 1055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.10.1055.

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An Aspergillus mold was isolated that had contaminated an unpreserved semisoft baked cookie with visible mycelial growth. Due to the xerophilic nature of the contaminating mold, the Aspergillus isolate went undetected using conventional plating media and incubation times. Spread plating onto rose bengal osmophilic potato dextrose (rose-osmo) agar, a reduced water activity (aw) medium, was used for isolation and enumeration of the isolate from contaminated cookies and in microbiological assessments of the production facility. Rose-osmo plates were sealed in plastic and incubated at 25°C for up to 6 weeks to allow the isolate to sporulate. The minimum aw that permitted growth was determined by inoculating both MY70GF agar plates and production cookies with fresh spores of the Aspergillus isolate. Inoculated samples were incubated for up to 6 weeks in humidity chambers adjusted to various moisture levels. The minimum aw required for growth of the Aspergillus isolate was found to be between 0.60 and 0.65 on MY70GF agar and approximately 0.65 on the cookie. To evaluate the potential delayed growth of the isolate on reformulated cookies of a lowered aw, long-term growth studies were conducted on cookies adjusted to various aw levels and monitored for up to 280 days. In these studies, the minimum aw test range found to support visible mycelial growth of the Aspergillus isolate was 0.67. Microbiological assessment of the production facility identified potential sources of xerophilic molds and the Aspergillus isolate (teleomorph Eurotium chevalieri) and identified the manner in which the cookies became contaminated. These methods and results proved helpful in both production and process risk assessments and in successful reformulation of the cookie at an aw low enough to prevent spoilage and provide an organoleptically acceptable product.

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Ahmed, Monzur Morshed, Md Fakruddin, Md Nur Hossain, Khandaker Rayhan Mahbub, and Abhijit Chowdhury. "Growth response of Aspergillus flavus IMS1103 isolated from poultry feed." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2, no. 2 (August 9, 2016): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v2i2.29064.

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Aspergillus flavus strains were isolated from locally available poultry feeds. Effect of temperature, pH and culture media on growth of Aspergillus flavus was studied. Temperature ranged from 4-42°C (4, 10, 20, 25, 30, 37 and 42°C) was examined. Except for 4°C and 10°C, the isolate was able to grow for the whole temperature range. The growth was maximum at 25°C and was influenced with increasing or decreasing of temperature from 42°C to 20°C.The lag time was strongly influenced by the temperature at lower temperature level than at higher temperature range. Effect of pH on growth of Aspergillus flavus was also examined; from comparison of 3 different pH levels, it is concluded that at most temperatures pH 6.5 showed a higher growth rate and as a consequence required a shorter time to achieve maximum colony diameter. No significant variations in the lag time were observed. A natural poultry feed meal agar medium (FMAM) was developed in the laboratory and growth of A. flavus was compared with other 2 synthetic dehydrated media namely; Czapeksdox Agar (CDA) and potato dextrose Agar (PDA). Poultry feed meal agar medium showed better growth response than Czapeksdox agar and potato dextrose agar at all conditions. At 25°C and pH 6.5 found optimum for growth of Aspergillus flavus in feed meal agar medium whereas, temperature 30°C and pH 6.5 found optimum for growth for Czapeksdox agar media and temperature 30°C and pH 6 showed high growth rate on potato dextrose agar. Poultry feed meal media showed high affinity for growth of mycelium and early spore formation than other media examined.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 221-228

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BARBERIS, C. L., A. L. ASTORECA, A. M. DALCERO, and C. E. MAGNOLI. "Food-Grade Antioxidants and Antimicrobials To Control Growth and Ochratoxin A Production by Aspergillus Section Nigri on Peanut Kernels." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 1493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.8.1493.

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Each year, a significant portion of the peanuts produced cannot be marketed because of fungal disease at the postharvest stage and mycotoxin contamination. Antioxidants could be used as an alternative to fungicides to control ochratoxigenic fungi in peanuts during storage. This study was carried out to determine the effect of the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and the antimicrobial propyl paraben (PP) on the lag phase before growth, growth rate, and ochratoxin A (OTA) production by Aspergillus section Nigri strains in peanut kernels under different conditions of water activity (aw) and temperature. At 20 mM/g BHA, 18°C, and 0.93 aw, complete inhibition of growth occurred. For PP, there was no growth at 20 mM/g, 18°C, and 0.93, 0.95, and 0.98 aw. BHA at 20 mM/g inhibited OTA production in peanuts by Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus niger aggregate strains at 0.93 aw and 18°C. PP at 20 mM/g completely inhibited OTA production at 18°C. The results of this work suggest that PP is more appropriate than BHA for controlling growth and OTA production by Aspergillus section Nigri species in peanut kernels.

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Saad, Rawia Ragab. "Effect of water activity on growth and lipids of xerophilic fungi, Aspergillus repens and Aspergillus amstelodami." Zentralblatt für Mikrobiologie 147, no. 1-2 (February 1992): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0232-4393(11)80364-1.

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GOURAMA, HASSAN, and LLOYD B. BULLERMAN. "Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus: Aflatoxigenic Fungi of Concern in Foods and Feeds†: A Review." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.12.1395.

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Aspergillus flavus and the closely related subspecies parasiticus have long been recognized as major contaminants of organic and nonorganic items. A. flavus, a common soil fungus, can infest a wide range of agricultural products. Some A. flavus varieties produce aflatoxins, which are carcinogenic toxins that induce liver cancer in laboratory animals. A. flavus var. flavus, A. flavus subsp. parasiticus, and A. nomius share the ability to produce aflatoxins. Identification of the A. flavus species group is mainly based on the color and macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the fungus. A. flavus growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis depend on substrate, moisture, temperature, pH, aeration, and competing microflora. The growth of A. flavus and aflatoxin production are sometimes unavoidable. Aflatoxins are considered natural contaminants; the ideal control approach is prevention of mold growth and aflatoxin production. The detection of members of the A. flavus species group in foods and feed is generally carried out by using plate techniques such as surface spread or direct plating. Research on alternative fungal detection methods is still in its infancy. Few immunoassay techniques have been investigated in this regard. Aflatoxins are generally analyzed by chemical methods, although immunochemical methods which use antibodies are becoming common analytical tools for aflatoxins.

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Kimbeng, C. A., S. R. Smith Jr., V. Babij, and K. M. Wittenberg. "Alfalfa resistance to post-harvest Aspergillus species: Combining ability analyses." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 1193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-218.

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Hay making is still the most widespread technique of forage preservation. Saprophytic fungi, such as Aspergillus repens, can reduce forage quality during the post-harvest period by causing hay molding. Methods to control molding have yielded variable results, but genetic resistance has yet to be exploited. The objective of this study was to determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to post-harvest fungal growth in alfalfa. Seven parental genotypes representing a range of resistance to fungal growth (A. repens) were crossed in a complete diallel including reciprocals for a total of 42 crosses. Parental genotypes along with their progeny were screened for resistance to A. repens. The relative importance of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects in controlling resistance to post-harvest A. repens was compared. The results revealed a preponderance of GCA effects. The parent that supported the least amount of fungal growth produced progeny with the least amount of fungal coverage. The reverse was true for the more susceptible parents. The results indicate that breeding procedures that maximize additive gene effects, such as recurrent selection, could be effective in improving resistance to post-harvest fungal growth in alfalfa. Key words: Alfalfa, breeding, combining ability, resistance, Aspergillis repens, post-harvest fungi

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Badii, F., M. O. Moss, and K. Wilson. "The effect of sodium biselenite on the growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus and the growth of other aspergilli." Letters in Applied Microbiology 2, no. 4 (October 1986): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1986.tb01516.x.

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Palmer, Jonathan M., Robyn M. Perrin, Taylor R. T. Dagenais, and Nancy P. Keller. "H3K9 Methylation Regulates Growth and Development in Aspergillus fumigatus." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 12 (October 10, 2008): 2052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00224-08.

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ABSTRACT In most species, chromatin remodeling mediates critical biological processes ranging from development to disease states. In fungi within the genus Aspergillus, chromatin remodeling may regulate expression of metabolic gene clusters, but other processes regulated by chromatin structure remain to be elucidated. In many eukaryotic species, methylation of lysine 9 of histone 3 (H3K9) is a hallmark of heterochromatin formation and subsequent gene silencing. The sole H3K9 methyltransferase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe is Clr4. We report that disruption of the Clr4 homolog in the pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus (ClrD), which is involved in both mono- and trimethylation of H3K9, results in several growth abnormalities. Developmental defects in ΔAfclrD include reduction in radial growth, reduction in conidial production, and delayed conidiation after developmental competence mediated by delayed expression of brlA, the master regulator of conidiophore development. Sensitivity of ΔAfclrD to 6-azauracil suggests that ClrD influences transcriptional processing in A. fumigatus. Despite growth abnormalities, macrophage assays suggest ClrD may be dispensable for host interactions.

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Hua, S. S. T., H. Shu, and N. Han. "AROMA COMPOUNDS INHIBITORY TO THE GROWTH OF ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 591 (November 2002): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2002.591.81.

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Shin, Kwang-Soo, Nak-Jung Kwon, and Jae-Hyuk Yu. "Gβγ-mediated growth and developmental control in Aspergillus fumigatus." Current Genetics 55, no. 6 (November 14, 2009): 631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00294-009-0276-4.

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Ng, T. T. C., G. D. Robson, and D. W. Denning. "Hydrocortisone-enhanced growth of Aspergillus spp.: implications for pathogenesis." Microbiology 140, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 2475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/13500872-140-9-2475.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aspergillus – Growth'

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