Academic literature on the topic 'Aspergillus spp'
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Journal articles on the topic "Aspergillus spp"
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Karim, Majid, Rashida Perveen, and Syed A. H. Naqvi. "FUNGICIDAL MANAGEMENT OF ASSOCIATED MYCOFLORA WITH STORED SEEDS OF WHEAT AND CHICKPEA." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 30, no. 2 (2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.030.02.0426.
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Wheat and chickpea are considered the most important sources of food and energy and stored for longer period of time in the rural areas in the farmers sheds as seed for the next crop and as market commodity to sale. Both of these crops are liable to many mycoflora which not only deteriorate their quality but also leads toward the crop failure during the coming season. A number of seed borne pathogens viz., Aspergills niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus sulphureus, Aspergillus nidulense, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium spp. and Drechslera spp, were isolated from wheat seed samples while Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Bipolaris spp., Penicillium spp. and Rhizopus stolonifer were isolated from seed samples of chickpea. Various broad spectrum fungicides were evaluated against the isolated mycoflora which showed significant result. Score, Topsin-M and ridomil gold to be the most significant fungicides at all doses against the isolated mycoflora.
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Arafat, Md, Md Islam, Shamim Ahamed, Md Mahmud, Md Rahman, and K. Nazir. "Molecular detection of Aspergilli from commercial chicken in selected areas of Bangladesh." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 9, no. 2 (2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i583.
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Objectives: This study was designed to isolate, identify, and determine the prevalence of Aspergilli in commercial chicken in selected areas of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 lung samples from suspected dead chickens, comprising broilers (n = 32) and layers (n = 18), aged between 5 days and 45 weeks, were collected from poultry farms located in the Gazipur district in Bangladesh. Fungi were primarily identified based on the colony morphology using potato dextrose agar (PDA). DNA was extracted from the suspected colonies. Aspegillus spp. was detected by genus-specific ASAP-1 and ASAP-2. Aspergillus spp. were then screened by polymerase chain reaction targeting Aspergillus flavus (FLA-1 and FLA-2), Aspergillus fumigatus (ASPU and Af3r), and Aspergillus niger (ASPU and Nilr). Results: The overall prevalence of Aspergillus spp. was 44% (n = 22/50; p < 0.05). Among the Aspergilli, A. flavus was detected in 10% (n = 5/50) of the samples. Similarly, A. fumigatus and A. niger were detected at 26% (n = 13/50) and 8% (n = 4/50) respectively. Three samples were associated with more than one fungus; two fungi (A. flavus and A. niger) were in two samples, and three fungi (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and A. niger) were in one sample. Conclusion: Isolation and prevalence of Aspergillus spp. in commercial chicken were studied for the first time in Bangladesh.
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Diba, Kambiz, Farzaneh Jangi, Khadijeh Makhdoomi, Naser Moshiri, and Fatemeh Mansouri. "Aspergillus diversity in the environments of nosocomial infection cases at a university hospital." Journal of Medicine and Life 12, no. 2 (2019): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2018-0057.
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Aspergillus species (sp.) that causes opportunistic infections have been increasingly found in human mainly immunosuppressive patients around the world every year. The main objective was to use a rapid and cheap molecular method for monitoring Aspergillus infections and epidemiological approaches. In order to identity Aspergilli species (spp.), a number of molecular methods including restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) have been employed in accordance with ribosomal RNA amplification. The focus of this study — a group of hospitalized patients with clinical and subclinical signs of infection. All of the collected clinical specimens were transported to the medical mycology lab and examined for Aspergillus identification. The environmental specimens were collected from air and surfaces inspected for the Aspergillus within the hospital sources. At first, growth characteristics and microscopic features on mycological media for the identification of Aspergillus sp. were performed. For the confirmation of Aspergillus isolates which similarly found in clinical and environmental sources, molecular method polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism was carried out. From the mentioned specimens, 102 fungal isolates included Candida spp., Aspergillus spp. and other fungi. Aspergillus flavus (47%), Aspergillus fumigatus (29.4%) and Aspergillus niger (23.5%) all were found as the most common clinical isolates. In addition, Aspergillus isolates from environmental were Aspergillus niger (43.7%), Aspergillus flavus (41.7%), Aspergillus fumigatus (14.6%). Therefore, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism with a single restriction enzyme can be very useful in the identification of Aspergillus spp., because of its facility in use, speed, robust, and high sensitivity of diagnosis.
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ALTIERI, CLELIA, DANIELA CARDILLO, ANTONIO BEVILACQUA, and MILENA SINIGAGLIA. "Inhibition of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. by Fatty Acids and Their Monoglycerides." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 5 (2007): 1206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.5.1206.
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The antifungal activity of three fatty acids (lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids) and their monoglycerides (monolaurin, monomyristic acid, and palmitin, respectively) against Aspergillus and Penicillium species in a model system was investigated. Data were modeled through a reparameterized Gompertz equation. The maximum colony diameter attained within the experimental time (30 days), the maximal radial growth rate, the lag time (i.e., the number of days before the beginning of radial fungal growth), and the minimum detection time (MDT; the number of days needed to attain 1 cm colony diameter) were evaluated. Fatty acids and their monoglycerides inhibited mold growth by increasing MDT and lag times. The effectiveness of the active compounds seemed to be strain and genus dependent. Palmitic acid was the most effective chemical against aspergilli, whereas penicilli were strongly inhibited by myristic acid. Aspergilli also were more susceptible to fatty acids than were penicilli, as indicated by the longer MDT.
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Seth, RK, S. Alam, and DN Shukla. "Detection of soil fungi from wheat cultivated area." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 1 (2018): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v43i1.36188.
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Experiments were conducted to find out different soil fungi from wheat cultivated area during 15 April to 10 May, 2013-2014. The obtained soil fungi from wheat cultivated area were Aspergillus spp., Penicillum spp., Geotrichum spp., Gloesporium spp., Fusarium spp., Mycelia sterilia, Arthrobotrys spp., Cladosporium herbarum in district Allahabad, Various soil fungi from wheat cultivated area from Mirzapur district were which Aspergillus spp., Penicillum spp., Rizoctinia spp., Fusarium spp., Mucor spp. and In Varanasi district, various soil fungi were obtained also from wheat cultivated area which are Aspergillus spp., Penicillum spp., Rizoctinia spp., Fusarium spp., Mucor spp., Alternaria spp., Helminthosporium oryzae, and Humicola grisea. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillum spp. was common fungi presented in three different districts Allahabad, Mirzapur and Varanasi, of Uttar Pradesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 149-157, March 2018
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Glampedakis, Emmanouil, Véronique Erard, and Frederic Lamoth. "Clinical Relevance and Characteristics of Aspergillus calidoustus and Other Aspergillus Species of Section Usti." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 2 (2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6020084.
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The Aspergilli of section Usti (group ustus) are represented by over 20 species, of which Aspergillus calidoustus is the most relevant human pathogen. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) caused by these fungi is rare but could represent an emerging issue among the expanding population of patients with long-term immunosuppression receiving antifungal prophylaxis. Clinicians should be aware of this unusual type of IA, which often exhibits distinct clinical features, such as an insidious and prolonged course and a high occurrence of extra-pulmonary manifestations, such as skin/soft tissue or brain lesions. Moreover, these Aspergillus spp. pose a therapeutic challenge because of their decreased susceptibility to azole drugs. In this review, we outline the microbiological and clinical characteristics of IA due to Aspergillus spp. of section Usti and discuss the therapeutic options.
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Cuenca-Estrella, Manuel, Alicia Gomez-Lopez, Emilia Mellado, Guillermo Garcia-Effron, Araceli Monzon, and Juan Luis Rodriguez-Tudela. "In Vitro Activity of Ravuconazole against 923 Clinical Isolates of Nondermatophyte Filamentous Fungi." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 12 (2005): 5136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.12.5136-5138.2005.
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ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of ravuconazole against 575 clinical strains of Aspergillus spp. and 348 nondermatophyte non-Aspergillus spp. were analyzed. Ravuconazole was active against Aspergillus spp., other hyaline filamentous fungi, black molds, and some Mucorales. Species such as Scedosporium prolificans, Fusarium spp., and Scopulariopsis spp. were resistant to the triazole.
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Cruciani, Deborah, Silvia Crotti, Carmen Maresca, et al. "Preliminary Investigation about Aspergillus spp. Spread in Umbrian Avian Farms." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 11 (2022): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8111213.
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Among the fungi responsible for deep mycosis, the genus Aspergillus plays a predominant role both in human and veterinary medicine. From a “One Health” perspective, infections by Aspergillus spp. often represent a public health problem linked to specific occupational categories that could have a greater risk of inhaling spores and developing any respiratory disease. This preliminary investigation allowed to acquire information about the spread of Aspergillus spp. in avian livestock of the Umbria region (Central Italy), their sensitivity to antifungals, and the presence of mycotoxins in the considered farms. Environmental, feed, animal, and human samples were collected for mycological investigations; chemical analyses were also performed in feed samples. Moreover, prevalence estimated of the fungal isolates were provided for each individual farm sampled. Direct fungal identification was possible in 298 out of the 559 total samples; 162 of the samples were positive for Aspergillus spp. Mycotoxins were detected in 5 out of the 21 feed samples collected. All the aspergilli tested for antifungal susceptibility were resistant to fluconazole. The results obtained show how much the genus Aspergillus is widespread in the investigated farms; therefore, the poultry livestock represents a favorable environment for the maintenance and spread of fungal spores and their potential transmission to animals and humans.
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Praja, Ratih Novita, and Aditya Yudhana. "Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Aspergillus Spp pada Paru-Paru Ayam Kampung Yang Dijual di Pasar Banyuwangi." Jurnal Medik Veteriner 1, no. 1 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmv.vol1.iss1.2017.6-11.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi Aspergillus Spp pada paru-paru ayam kampung. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 paru-paru ayam kampung yang diambil secara acak dari Pasar Banyuwangi yang terletak pada wilayah tengah Kota Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Sampel dicuci dengan aquades steril yang berisi antibiotik selanjutnya ditanamkan pada media spesifik Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) kemudian diinkubasikan pada suhu kamar selama 3-7 hari. Pertumbuhan morfologi Aspergillus diamati secara makroskopis. Koloni yang diduga Aspergillus Spp diperiksa secara mikroskopis. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa Aspergillus Spp dapat diisolasi pada 9 dari 20 sampel paru-paru. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa 45% sampel paru-paru yang diperiksa positif terinfeksi Aspergillus Spp dan 55% bebas dari infeksi Aspergillus Spp.
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Sulca Quispe, Liduvina, and Pablo Juan Franco León. "ESTUDIO DE LA MICOFLORA PRESENTE EN LA RIZÓSFERA DE PLANTACIONES DE OLIVO, OLEA EUROPAEA L., CON MUERTE REGRESIVA EN LA ZONA LA YARADA DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE TACNA." Ciencia & Desarrollo, no. 9 (April 16, 2019): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33326/26176033.2005.9.164.
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El Olivo, Olea europaea, es un cultivo de importancia económica y está extendido en toda la zona sur de nuestro país gracias a las condiciones medioambientales favorables para su desarrollo; sin embargo, en los últimos años, las plantaciones están siendo afectadas por la pudrición radicular por Armillaria mellea, mostrando síntomas aéreos de marchitez y muerte lenta, afectando su producción. El presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo principal de determinar los componentes de la microflora en la rizósfera de plantaciones de olivo con muerte regresiva.
 Se aislaron 16 hongos que corresponden a las siguientes especies: Cylindrocarpon destructans, Cylindrocarpon spp., Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Paecylomyces spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Macrophomina phaseolina, Trichoderma sp1, Trichoderma sp.2, Nigrospora spp., Phyalophora spp., Curvularia spp., Rhizopus spp., Rhizoctonia solani y Armillaria mellea.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aspergillus spp"
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Guazzelli, Luciana Silva. "Estudo etiológico, clínico, laboratorial e epidemiológico da bola fúngica pulmonar por Aspergillus spp." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30929.
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Descrição: Bola fúngica é definida como uma macrocolônia composta por emaranhado de hifas, células inflamatórias, fibrina, muco e fragmentos de tecidos. Aspergillus fumigatus é o agente etiológico mais frequente, responsável por cerca de 90% dos casos, seguido de A niger e A flavus, respectivamente. O antecedente mais comum para o desenvolvimento da bola fúngica é cavidade secundária à tuberculose e a manifestação clínica mais presente e causadora de óbitos nesses pacientes é a hemoptise. Objetivos: Investigar as espécies de Aspergillus causadoras de bola fúngica pulmonar, determinar as condições predisponentes e/ou associadas e a comprovação laboratorial para o diagnóstico etiológico e observar a resposta as diferentes medidas terapêuticas dos pacientes com bola fúngica pulmonar. Delineamento: Foram analisados retrospectivamente, prontuários de pacientes para a caracterização da bola fúngica pulmonar por Aspergillus. Local do estudo: Laboratório de Micologia da Santa Casa Complexo Hospitalar, no período de 1980 a 2009. Pacientes e métodos: Foram incluídos neste estudo todos os pacientes com diagnóstico de bola fúngica pulmonar aspergilar de uma população de 750 casos de aspergilose, de 1980 a 2009. Os critérios para o diagnóstico foram os seguintes: isolamento da espécie de Aspergillus proveniente do material de cavidade pulmonar associado à imagem radiográfica compatível; isolamento da espécie de Aspergillus em outros materiais do trato respiratório, excluindo material da cavidade, associado ou não ao exame direto positivo; imunodifusão radial dupla positiva para Aspergillus associada ao exame de imagem compatível. Resultados: Foram incluídos 391 pacientes com bola fúngica pulmonar aspergilar, a idade variou de 18-78 anos, sendo 67,3% do gênero masculino. O diagnóstico foi baseado nos achados clínicos, radiológicos e laboratoriais. Em todos os pacientes foram detectados achados característicos de bola fúngica tanto no radiograma quanto na tomografia de tórax e bola fúngica complexa foi detectado em 97,4% da casuística. Tuberculose curada foi a principal condição predisponente (89%). Hemoptise foi manifestação clínica mais frequente (89%). A espécie A. fumigatus foi o agente etiológico mais isolado, 89,3% dos casos, seguido de A niger 7,1% e menos frequente A flavus 3,3%. A positividade no cultivo foi de 84,7% nos espécimes clínicos e a imunodifusão radial dupla de 81,6% dos pacientes. A principal medida terapêutica foi ressecção cirúrgica apresentando desfecho favorável em 88,3%. A eliminação da bola fúngica por lise espontânea ocorreu em 2,3% dos casos. Mortalidade foi atribuída à cirurgia e a hemoptise em 32,3 e 13,8%, respectivamente. Conclusões: Tuberculose curada e hemoptise é a primeira hipótese diagnóstica de bola fúngica pulmonar. O sinal radiológico indicativo de bola fúngica é cavidade contendo produto patológico com densidade de partes moles, espessamento da parede da cavidade e da pleura circunjacente. A detecção de anticorpos séricos por imunodifusão radial dupla, e o cultivo de espécimes do trato respiratório inferior determinaram A. fumigatus como o principal agente etiológico da bola fúngica pulmonar. A medida terapêutica mais utilizada nos pacientes do presente estudo foi ressecção cirúrgica, e a metade da ocorrência de óbito esteve presente nestes casos.<br>Background: Pulmonary fungus ball is defined as a conglomeration, within a cavity of intertwined Aspergillus hyphae, inflammatory cells, fibrin, mucus and cellular debris. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequent etiologic agent, about 90% of cases, followed by A niger and A flavus, respectively. The most common condiction to develop fungus ball is residual cavities of healed tuberculosis, and the most prevalent clinical manifestation and cause of death is hemoptysis in these patients. Objectives: To investigate the species of Aspergillus causing pulmonary fungus ball, we compared underlying conditions, laboratory evidence to the etiological diagnosis, and response of the different therapy, and outcome of patients with pulmonary fungus ball. Design: We analyzed retrospectively the medical records of patients for the characterization of pulmonary Aspergillus fungus ball. Settings: A university-based tertiary care hospital in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Patients and methods: The study included patients diagnosed with pulmonary Aspergillus fungus ball in a population of 750 cases of aspergillosis, from 1980 to 2009. The criteria for the diagnosis were: isolation of Aspergillus species from the material of the pulmonary cavity associated with the compatible radiographic image; isolation of Aspergillus species from other materials of the respiratory tract, excluding cavity material, with or without direct examination positive; double immunodiffusion positive for Aspergillus associated with compatible image. Results: We included 391 patients with pulmonary Aspergillus fungus ball, age ranged from 18 to 78 years, 67.3% were male. The diagnosis was based on clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings. In all patients we detected the characteristic findings of fungal ball, on X-ray and tomography; and complex fungal ball, on their radiological appearance, was detected in 97.4% of cases. Healed tuberculosis was the commonest pre-existing disease (89%). Hemoptysis was the major symptoms (89%). The species A. fumigatus was the most common etiologic agent, 89.3% of cases, followed by 7.1% A niger and A flavus less frequent in 3.3%. Culture was positive in 84.7% specimes, and immunodiffusion in 81.6% patients. The main treatment was surgical resection in 88.3% that had a favorable outcome. Spontaneous lysis was obtained in 2.3% of cases. Mortality was attributed to the surgery and hemoptysis in 32.3 and 13.8%, respectively. Conclusions: Patient with healed tuberculosis and hemoptysis is the first hypothesis diagnostic fungus ball. The most frequent radiological signs were rounded dense opacity surrounded with a halo of air in a thick cavity wall and thickening of the pleura over cavity. The detection of serum antibodies by double immunodiffusion, and the cultive of the lower respiratory tract specimens determined A. fumigatus as the main agent of pulmonary fungal ball. The detection of serum antibodies by double immunodiffusion, and the cultivation of the lower respiratory tract specimens determined A. fumigatus as the main agent of pulmonary fungal ball. The measure most commonly used therapy in patients of this study was to surgical resection, and half of the patients who died were in these cases.
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Possari, Camila Kopezky 1987. "Atividade de óleos essenciais sobre espécies de Aspergillus spp. aflatoxigênicas isoladas de castanha do Brasil." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255113.
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Orientador: Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T00:07:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: A castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) é a segunda mais importante fonte extrativista da floresta amazônica. Desta forma, não são utilizados defensivos químicos e a produção da castanha do Brasil é considerada orgânica tendo sua extração ambientalmente correta, porém este baixo nível tecnológico favorece o crescimento de fungos potencialmente produtores de micotoxinas como os do grupo Aspergillus section flavi. Visando reduzir esta contaminação, uma das possibilidades é a utilização de óleos essenciais, que apresentam propriedades antimicrobianas. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antifúngica de 11 óleos essenciais de espécies medicinais e aromáticas sobre cepas aflatoxigênicas de A. flavus, A. nomius e A. arachidicola isoladas de castanha do Brasil. O ensaio de microdiluição mostrou que os óleos que apresentaram melhor atividade antifúngica contra estes os isolados foram Cinnamomum burmannii e Eugenia caryophyllata, com MIC de 250 'mu'g/mL e 500 'mu'g/mL, respectivamente. A inibição do crescimento micelial dos fungos foi melhor quando estes foram submetidos à ação por contato com os óleos essenciais, do que por ação de seus compostos voláteis, sendo as concentrações referentes às de MIC capazes de inibir totalmente o crescimento dos fungos. A produção de aflatoxina por A. flavus foi inibida somente pelo óleo essencial de E. caryophyllata, na concentração de 500 'mu'g/mL. Ensaios in vivo conduzidos com a casca da castanha do Brasil mostraram que o óleo essencial de C. burmannii inibiu o fungo a 500 'mu'g/mL e propiciou maior redução na porcentagem de infecção pelos isolados de A. flavus. Quanto aos isolados de A. nomius e A. arachidicola, a menor porcentagem de infecção foi obtida após tratamento com o óleo essencial de E. caryophyllata na concentração de 1000 'mu'g/mL. Os óleos de E. caryophyllata e C. burmanni mostraram ser alternativas naturais para controle do crescimento de A. flavus, A. nomius e A. arachidicola e da produção de aflatoxinas por A. flavus, através da ação na redução da contaminação fúngica das castanhas do Brasi<br>Abstract: The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) is the second most important forest source of the Amazon rainforest. Thus, no chemical pesticides are used and the production of Brazil nuts is considered organic and an environmentally friendly extraction. However, this low technological level favors the growth of potentialy mycotoxin producing fungi such as Aspergillus section flavi. In order to reduce this contamination, one possibility is the use of essential oils that exhibit antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of 11 essential oils of medicinal and aromatic species on aflatoxigenics strains of Aspergillus flavus, A. nomius and A. arachidicola isolated from Brazil nuts. The microdilution assay showed that the oils from Cinnamomum burmannii and Eugenia caryophyllata presented the best antifungal activity against all isolates, with MIC of 250 'mu'g/mL and 500 'mu'g/mL, respectively. The inhibition of mycelial growth of the fungi was better when submitted to action by contact than by action of oils volatile compounds, with concentrations of MIC able to completely inhibit the growth of fungi. The aflatoxin production was inhibited only by E. caryophyllata essential oil at a concentration of 500 'mu'g/mL . In vivo assays conducted with shells of Brazil nut showed that the essential oil of C. burmannii at 500 'mu'g/mL provided greater reduction in the percentage of infection by A. flavus isolates. As the isolates of A. nomius and A. arachidicola, the infection rate was lower after the treatment with the essential oil of E. caryophyllata in the concentration of 1000 'mu'g/mL. The essential oils of E. caryophyllata and C. burmannii showed to be natural alternatives for controlling the growth of A. flavus, A. nomius and A. arachidicola and aflatoxin production by A. flavus, through the reduction of the fungal contamination of Brazil nuts<br>Mestrado<br>Ciência de Alimentos<br>Mestra em Ciência de Alimentos
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Jelena, Krulj. "Potencijal biosinteze aflatoksina B1 u različitim vrstama Triticum spp." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=108224&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Prisustvo plesni i mikotoksina u hrani predstavlja višestruku opasnost, kako sa aspekta bezbednosti hrane, tako i sa aspekta globalne trgovine. Učestalost i intenzitet pojave plesni na uzorcima zrna hlebne pšenice i spelte prikupljenih u regionu Vojvodine određeni su nakon žetve tokom trogodišnjeg perioda (2015-2017). Istraživanja su obuhvatila identifikaciju i karakterizaciju 38 izolata A. flavus primenom polifaznog pristupa koji uključuje klasične mikrobiološke i molekularne metode. Ispitivanjem potencijala biosinteze AFB<sub>1</sub> izolata A. flavus utvrđeno je da su dva izolata poreklom sa zrna hlebne pšenice pokazala aflatoksigeni potencijal. Veštačka inokulacija različitih Triticum vrsta: hlebne pšenice, spelte, korasan i hibrida pšenice toksigenim izolatama izvršena je u fazi cvetanja u cilju poređenja otpornosti ovih vrsta na pojavu A. flavus i produkciju AFB<sub>1</sub>. Visok nivo AFB<sub>1</sub> (256 μg/kg) je kvantifikovan samo u zrnu spelte, dok kod drugih Triticum vrstama, zrno nije bilo kontaminirano AFB<sub>1</sub> (<LOD). Određivanjem fizičko-hemijskih karakteristika plevičastih omotača Triticum vrsta potvrđen je njihov potencijalni uticaj na rast i razvoj A. flavus i biosintezu AFB<sub>1</sub>. Efekti različitih temperatura (15, 23, 30 i 37°C) i aktivnosti vode (0,85; 0,90; 0,95 i 0,99) na biosintezu AFB<sub>1</sub> ispitani su na veštački inokulisanim uzorcima spelte sa plevičastim omotačima kao i prethodno oljuštenim zrnima. Optimalni uslovi za biosintezu tj. uslovi pri kojima je ostvaren najveći prinos AFB<sub>1</sub> bili su temperatura 30 °C i aw 0,99 u svim tipovima uzoraka (zrna spelte inkubirana bez plevičastih omotača - ZBPO, plevičasti omotači - PO i zrna nakon ljuštenja tj. oljuštena zrna - OZ). Rezultati su pokazali da je prisustvo plevičastih omotača bilo zaštitna barijera za razvoj infekcije i akumulaciju AFB<sub>1</sub> u zrnu. Matematički modeli, razvijeni primenom faktora sa visokom značajnošću kao što su temperatura skladištenja i aktivnost vode, mogu biti korišćeni u predviđanju akumulacije AFB<sub>1</sub> u zrnu spelte što predstavlja ključni korak u proceni rizika. Ispitivanjem uticaja različitih nivoa kontaminacije spelte AFB<sub>1</sub> u poređenju sa kontrolnim nekontaminiranim uzorkom ukazano je na smanjenje određenih parametara tehnološkog kvaliteta i potencijalne gubitke pecivnih svojstava speltinog brašna pri sadržaju AFB<sub>1</sub> od 50 μg/kg i 250 μg/kg.<br>The presence of fungi and mycotoxins in food presents a multiple risk, both from the aspect of food safety and from the aspect of global trade. The frequency and incidence of mycobiota on common wheat and spelt grains samples collected in the region of Vojvodina were determined after harvest during the three-year period (2015-2017). The research covered the identification and characterization of 38 A. flavus isolates using a polyphase approach including classical microbiological and molecular methods. Testing the A. flavus isolates for AFB<sub>1</sub> biosynthesis, it was found that two isolates originating from wheat grains possess the aflatoxigenic potential. Artificial inoculation of different Triticum species: common wheat, spelt, khorasan and hybrid wheat with toxigenic isolates was carried out in the flowering stage in order to compare the resistance of these species to the occurrence of A. flavus and the production of AFB<sub>1</sub>. The highest AFB<sub>1</sub> level (256 μg/kg) was determined only in the dehulled spelt grains, in comparison to other species where AFB<sub>1</sub> was not detected in dehulled grains. In order to investigate the impact of wheat hulls on development of A. flavus, including the biosynthesis of toxic fungal metabolites, physico-chemical and structural properties of different Triticum spp. hulls were characterized. The effects of different temperatures (15, 23, 30 and 37 ° C) and water activity (0.85; 0.90; 0.95 and 0.99) on AFB<sub>1</sub> biosynthesis were examined on artificially inoculated hull-less as well as hulled spelt grains. The optimal conditions for AFB<sub>1</sub> biosynthesis (the conditions in which the highest AFB<sub>1</sub> yield was achieved) were temperature 30 °C and 0.99 aw in the all tested spelt samples (hull-less grain, dehulled grains and hulls). Accumulation of AFB<sub>1</sub> was significantly higher in hull-less than in dehulled grains that implicate the protective effect of spelt hulls. Mathematical models, developed using high-significance factors such as storage temperature and water activity, can be used to predict the accumulation of AFB<sub>1</sub> in spelt grains, which is a key step in risk assessment. By examining the influence of different levels contamination levels of spelt grain with AFB<sub>1</sub> and comparing to the control (uncontaminated) sample, the reduction in certain technological quality parameters and the potential loss of dough properties of spelt flour with AFB<sub>1</sub> content of 50 μg/kg and 250 μg/kg was pointed out.
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Wang, Dong ying. "Diversité génétique et sensibilité aux antifongiques d’isolats d’Aspergillus spp. provenant d’élevages aviaires du Guangxi , Chine." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0040/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les champignons du genre Aspergillus sont des moisissures banales de l'environnement. Elles sont présentes dans le sol et sur des végétaux en décomposition. Les Aspergillus se propagent par l'intermédiaire de spores microscopiques en suspension dans l'air. L'Homme et les animaux sont exposés en permanence aux spores aspergillaires mais les défenses immunes empêchent leur développement dans l'organisme. Lorsque ces défenses sont amoindries, une aspergillose est possible. Dans ce cas, Aspergillus fumigatus et A. flavus sont le plus souvent incriminés. Les oiseaux sont beaucoup plus sensibles que les mammifères et l'environnement représenté par les élevages aviaires est propice à la prolifération des moisissures du genre Aspergillus. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse a été de caractériser la diversité génétique et la sensibilité aux antifongiques d'isolats d'Aspergillus provenant d'élevages aviaires dans la province du Guangxi en Chine. La première partie de la thèse est une analyse bibliographique sur les champignons du genre Aspergillus, les aspergilloses et les caractéristiques de l'élevage aviaire en Chine. Une première enquête a été réalisée dans 3 élevages près de la ville de Nanning et dans un élevage (incluant un éclosoir) à proximité de la ville de Guilin. Des écouvillonnages pharyngés et des prélèvements d'air ont été réalisés pendant plusieurs semaines. Des prélèvements ont également été faits sur des œufs dans l'éclosoir. Cette enquête a montré que le niveau de contamination fongique dépendait du type d'élevage. De nombreux isolats fongiques ont pu être collectés : 188 isolats d'A. fumigatus et 159 isolats d'A. flavus. La seconde partie du travail expérimental a porté sur la caractérisation de la diversité génétique d'A. fumigatus et d'A. flavus. Pour cela, la technique MLVA (multiple locus VNTR analysis) a été utilisée. Pour A. flavus, 8 marqueurs VNTR (variable-number tandem-repeat) ont été sélectionnés et une réaction PCR multiplex a été mise au point. Au total, 91 isolats d'A. flavus, incluant 6 souches de référence, ont été caractérisées avec le panel des 8 marqueurs VNTR. Cette analyse a permis de définir 78 génotypes distincts et un index de discrimination de 0,993. L'analyse de 188 isolats d'A. fumigatus avec 10 marqueurs VNTR a permis de définir 142 génotypes distincts. Certains génotypes d'A. flavus ou d'A. fumigatus sont clairement regroupés dans le nuage de point généré par l'analyse MST (minimum spanning tree). La troisième partie du travail expérimental a porté sur la sensibilité aux antifongiques de 177 isolats d'A. fumigatus. Ces isolats ont été récupérés dans des élevages aviaires en Chine et en France. Les isolats de Chine sont pour la plupart sensibles avec des valeurs minimales inhibitrices (vis-à-vis de l'itraconazole) comprises entre 0,38 et 0,75 µg/mL. Les isolats de France sont pour la plupart sensibles avec des valeurs minimales inhibitrices (vis-à-vis de l'itraconazole) comprises entre 0.19 and 1 µg/mL. Quatre souches ont été considérées comme résistantes : 2 souches provenant de deux élevages en Chine et 2 souches provenant de deux élevages en France. Des mutations sur le gène Cyp51A ont été détectées pour 11 isolats (3 résistants et 8 sensibles). Vingt et une mutations nucléotidiques ont été identifiées. Onze de ces mutations sont silencieuses et 9 sont à l'origine d'un changement de la composition de la protéine. Sept substitutions ont déjà été décrites dans la littérature ; les mutations A116R, E130D et Q131H sont originales<br>Fungi of the genus Aspergillus are moulds, which occur most frequently in soil, water and decaying vegetation. They sporulate abundantly and the spores are easily dispersed into the environment by air. As a result of this ubiquitous presence, animals and people are constantly exposed to Aspergillus spores. Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus are recognized as predominant causes of fungal diseases in humans and wide range of animals. Birds are much more sensitive that mammals and in avian farms, environmental conditions are favorable to the development of many fungal species, including Aspergillus spp. The objective of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of Aspergillus isolates from avian farms in Guangxi, China. The first part of the experimental work related the evolution of fungal contamination in 3 avian farms near the city of Nanning and one farm (including a hatchery) near the city of Guilin. Pharyngeal swabs and air samples were collected during several weeks and 3 cycles of hatching were monitored. The average contamination level with Aspergillus spp. and Mucorales was significantly different according to the farms. The survey allowed to collect a total number of 188 A. fumigatus and 159 A. flavus isolates. The second part of the work was about the genetic diversity of A. fumigatus and A. flavus. For that purpose, the Multiple Locus Variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) Analysis was specifically developed and used. For A. flavus, 8 VNTR markers were selected and a multiplex reaction was designed. A total number of 91 A. flavus isolates, including 6 reference strains were typed with the panel of 8 VNTRs. This analysis yielded 78 different genotypes, which corresponds to a combined loci index of 0.993. Among all genotypes, 71 were only found once. The analysis of 188 A. fumigatus isolates using 10 VNTR markers led to the resolution of 142 distinct genotypes. Clusters of A. flavus or A. fumigatus isolates could be defined by using the graphing algorithm Minimum Spanning Tree. The third part of the experimental work was about the antifungal susceptibility of 177 A. fumigatus isolates collected in avian farms in China and France. Most of the isolates from China were susceptible to itraconazole with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) comprised between 0.38 and 0.75 µg/mL. Most of the isolates from birds and avian farms in France were susceptible to itraconazole with a MIC comprised between 0.19 and 1 µg/mL. MIC values of isolates collected in farms with antifungal chemoprophylaxis were not higher than those of isolates collected from birds (that never received antifungal drugs before the sampling). Susceptibility testings demonstrated that 4 isolates should be considered as resistant to itraconazole: (2 isolates from avian farms in Guangxi, China and 2 isolates from avian farms in France). A modification of the Cyp51A sequence was identified in 11 isolates (3 azole-resistant and 8 azole-susceptible isolates). Twenty-one nucleotidic mutations were detected. Eleven of these mutations were silent and 10 yielded to amino acid substitutions. Seven of these substitutions had already been described whereas mutations A116R, E130D and Q131H were original
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Calixto, Zacarias Gaby kherli. "Optimización del medio de cultivo para la producción de Beta-Fructoranosidasa visado a la obtención de fructooligosacaridos en el linaje nativo de Aspergillus Niger para-3. Tesis para optar el título de Ingeniero Ambiental, Escuela Académico Profesional de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Continental, 2016. http://repositorio.continental.edu.pe/handle/continental/2892.
Full textAbstract:
Optimizar un medio de cultivo para un linaje nativo Aspergillus niger Para-3 para demostrar la actividad β-fructofuranosidasa. Métodos: Investigación exploratoria- correlativa, de tipo básica y de diseño experimental de post prueba y factorial simple. El método específico
estuvo basado en el análisis observacional. Se analizaron 167 especies nativas Aspergillus spp. la recolección de datos fue a partir de la colectas de especies en muestras de suelo por la técnica de aislamiento, identificación morfológica y aplicando protocolos de microbiología. Resultados: La identificación de dos cepas Aspergillus niger y phoenicis que demostraron tener actividad β-fructofuranosidasa intracelularmente con un aproximado de 613,31 y 390,16 U/g respectivamente. Mejorando la concentración de la sacarosa inicial y las condiciones para la activación de la enzima del linaje que mostró el mayor rendimiento entres las especies
nativas Aspergillus spp. se obtuvo una actividad β-fructofuranosidasa de 1146,76 U/g. Conclusiones: Se identificó que la cepa nativa Aspergillus niger Para-3 es un potencial
productor β-fructofuranosidasa y por ende de síntesis de fructooligosacáridos, así mismo que la activación de esta enzima se ve relacionada directamente al pH, temperatura e inducción
de su fuente de carbono<br>Tesis
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Skripkienė, Irmina. "Ochratoksino A nustatymas skrudintose ir žaliose kavos pupelėse." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_232641-68564.
Full textAbstract:
Šio darbo tiksas - nustatyti ochratoksino A kiekius žaliose ir skrudintose kavos pupelėse. Mėginiai tyrimams buvo paimti iš dviejų Lietuvos kavos skrudinimo įmonių. Kavos pupelių mėginiai buvo iš Amerikos, Afrikos ir Azijos. Žalių kavos pupelių užterštumas ochratoksinu A buvo 1,0 – 3,5 µg/kg, o po skrudinimo jis padidėjo 14,12 – 63,64%. Taip pat buvo identifikuojami ochratoksiną A gaminantys grybai ir skaičiuojami jų kolonijas sudarantys vienetai. Nustatyta, kad kavos pupelės buvo užterštos A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus, A. sydowii ir A. flavus.<br>The experiments was done in LUHS VA in the Animal Welfare Reaserch Laboratory. The aim of this study were to determinate ochratoxin A amounts in green and roasted coffee beans. Samples were taken from two coffee roasters companies in Lithuania. Coffee samples were from America, Asia and Africa. The determination of OTA in green coffee samples was 1,0 – 3,5 µg/kg, but after roasting it increase to 14,12 – 63,64%. Also were identified OTA-producing species of fungi and their colony formed quantities. It was found that determination of fungi were 50% of A. niger colonies, other 50% were of A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus, A. sydowii and A. flavus.
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Dannaoui, Éric. "Étude de la résistance d'Aspergillus spp. à l'amphotéricine B et à l'itraconazole." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T237.
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Foley, Kirsten. "The ecology and evolution of Aspergillus spp. fungal parasites in honey bees." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5291/.
Full textAbstract:
Evolution of virulence in parasites has profound effects on both host-parasite co-evolution and ecology and is influenced by environmental factors and the genotypes involved. Many parasite infections consist of multiple strains or species that are predicted to result in the evolution of more virulent strains that exploit the host less prudently. In opportunistic parasites, the dynamics and evolution of virulence are poorly understood as traditional epidemiological models do not adequately describe parasites capable of persisting outside of the host. In addition, as microbial pathogenicity may shift from opportunistic to obligatory strategies with time, knowledge of the evolutionary dynamics of opportunistic pathogens is crucial for predicting and understanding disease emergence. Aspergillus species of fungi have a ubiquitous distribution and are the etiological agents of stonebrood disease in honey bees. It is generally considered that stonebrood occurs rarely in honey bees, but the epidemiology and predisposing conditions for the disease are almost entirely unknown. In this study, I examine the occurrence, pathogenicity and competitive ability of Aspergillus spp. when infecting honey bees, as well as the effect of nutrition on host susceptibility and the adaptation of the fungi over the course of experimental evolution. A high prevalence and diversity of Aspergillus spp. isolates were identified following the screening of an apiary, and the pathogenicity of three species (A. flavus, A. nomius and A. phoenicis) was established. Further, in laboratory-reared larvae a nutritionally limited diet increased susceptibility to A. fumigatus. In a series of single-generation interspecific competition experiments between Aspergillus spp. and the obligate pathogen chalkbrood (Ascophaera apis), the virulence and fitness of dual infections were influenced by complex within-host interactions depending on the species involved, which ranged from synergistic to inhibitory effects. Finally, following serial passage of A. flavus and A. phoenicis in the honey bee larval hosts to determine the evolution of virulence and fitness, no evidence of host adaptation was observed, revealing the unpredictability of these asexually reproducing opportunistic pathogens. These findings illustrate a complex relationship between Aspergillus spp. and honey bees and emphasises the significant influence these ubiquitous organisms can have on the ecology and evolution of honey bees.
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Mokoka, Tsholofelo Abednego. "Isolation and characterization of compounds active against Cryptococcus neoformans from Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock (Celastraceae) leaves." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27985.
Full textAbstract:
Microbial infections are a major threat to public health particularly in developing countries due to the relative unavailability of medicine and the emergence of widespread drug resistance. Serious invasive fungal infections caused by Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus spp. represents an increasing threat to human health. They have increased significantly during the past decade, especially in immunocompromised individuals, due to the increased occurrence of HIV infections and resistance development. The toxicity of available antifungal drugs/agents has contributed greatly to the need for new antifungal drugs. Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast organism that causes cryptococcosis in both humans and animals. This disease develops following inhalation and dissemination of the organism from the lungs to the central nervous system. Infection with C. neoformans often produces pneumonia and cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients. The problem with this fungus is that AIDS patients respond poorly to treatment and need lifelong therapy to suppress the infection and the drug treatment may be expensive in developing countries. This indicates an urgent need to develop new specific fungicidal antimicrobial agents for the treatment of cryptococcosis. Plants synthesize a large number of secondary metabolites for protecting themselves against microbe infections caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses. These substances may be useful in the treatment of microbial infections in humans and animals. Plants can be considered as potential sources of therapeutic extracts or active pure chemical compounds for the development of medicines. During this project, ten plant species (Zanthoxylum capenses, Morus mesozygia, Calodendron capenses, Catha transvaalensis, Cussonia zuluensis, Ochna natalitia, Croton sylvaticus, Maytenus undata, Celtis africana and Cassine aethiopica) were screened for activity against C. neoformans using both bioautography and the microdilution assay. The most active plant species was selected for the isolation of active metabolites. The selection of plant species was based on the lowest MIC value, presence of clear zones on bioautograms indicating antifungal activity, and high total activity against C. neoformans. M. undata indicated the presence of clear zones on bioautograms, a low average MIC value of 0.09 mg/ml and high total activity. C. sylvaticus and C. transvaalensis had lower or equal average MIC values to M. undata of 0.07 mg/ml and 0.09 mg/ml respectively. However a lack of clear bands to identify the position of active compounds on bioautography plates disqualified them for further analysis in this study. The leaves of M. undatawere exhaustively extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, acetone and methanol respectively. The hexane extract indicated the lowest MIC value of 0.02 mg/ml and was used for isolation of the active constituents. Column chromatography and bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of six triterpene-like compounds.The structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated using the NMR and MS techniques and the compounds were identified as friedelin (1), epifriedelanol (2), taraxerol (3), 3-oxo-11á-methoxyolean-12-ene-30-oic acid (4), 3-oxo-11á-hydroxyolean-12-ene-30-oic acid (5)&3,11-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-30-oic acid (6). Friedelin (1) and epifriedelanol (2) belong to the friedelane group of triterpenoids, taraxerol (3) belongs to the taraxerane group and 3-oxo-11á-methoxyolean-12-ene-30-oic acid (4), 3-oxo-11á-hydroxyolean-12-ene-30-oic acid (5)&3,11-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-30-oic acid (6) belong to the 12-oleanene group. These groups have been isolated previously from plants that belong to the Celastraceae family. Four of the six isolated compounds 1,3,5 and 6 were isolated in sufficient quantity to be assayed against two fungal species (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans), two Gram-positive bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis, ATCC 29212) and two Gram-negative bacterial species (Escherichia coli, ATCC 27853 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATCC 25922).Two of the compounds, 3-oxo-11á-hydroxyolean-12-ene-30-oic acid (5)&3,11-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-30-oic acid (6), showed clear bands against all the tested organisms on bioautograms indicating microbial growth inhibition. MIC values ranged from 24 µg/ml to 63 µg/ml except for S. a ureus which was resistant. All the tested microorganisms showed resistance against friedelin (1) and taraxerol (3) with MIC values of >250 µg/ml, except for E. faecalis with an MIC value of 130 µg/ml for taraxerol. The cytotoxicity of the hexane extract and the isolated compounds were investigated using the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT) using Vero monkey kidney cells and the hemagglutination assay using formaldehyde-fixed erythrocytes (RBCs). The hexane plant extract indicated toxicity towards the Vero monkey cells with an LC50 of 0.076 mg/ml. Compounds 1 and 3 indicated no toxicity against the cells with an LC50 greater than 200 µg/ml. However compounds 5 and 6 indicated toxicity with an LC50 of 6.16 µg/ml and 3.36 /ml, respectively. Also the hemagglutination assay indicates that hexane extract is toxic towards the RBCs with a HA titer value of 1.6. Both compounds 1 and 3 indicated no agglutination and compounds 5 and 6 indicated HA titer values of 1.33 and 0.67, respectively.<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2007.<br>Paraclinical Sciences<br>unrestricted
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Einloft, Tiago Centeno. "Biocontrole de Aspergillus flavus e Fusarium verticillioides por Bacillus spp. isolados de plantas de milho." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/153322.
Full textAbstract:
Os fungos toxigênicos Aspergillus flavus e Fusarium verticillioides podem colonizar plantas de milho em todas as etapas do cultivo, através da contaminação fúngica presente no solo, levando a queda de produtividade e qualidade do grão. Em adição, estes fungos podem produzir micotoxinas que põem em grande risco a saúde de humanos e animais que consomem os grãos contaminados. O controle biológico é um método de controle fúngico alternativo ao uso de fungicidas químicos e o uso de bactérias provenientes do sistema radicular de plantas de milho é extremamente promissor em função da capacidade competitiva e de sobrevivência destes micro-organismos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar bactérias do sistema radicular de plantas de milho com potencial para o biocontrole de Aspergillus flavus e Fusarium verticillioides no agroecossistema de cultivo do milho. Foram isolados 1283 colônias bacterianas do sistema radicular de plantas de milho e destas 24 apresentaram atividade antifúngica e 3 foram selecionados para o restante do trabalho. Os três isolados selecionados foram identificados como Bacillus safensis RF69, B. amyloliquefaciens RP103 e B. subtilis RP242. Os isolados foram capazes de reduzir a taxa de crescimento micelial in vitro dos dois fungos, assim como foram capazes de reduzir a produção, germinação e sobrevivência de conídios. Foi detectada a produção de iturina A pelos isolados B. amyloliquefaciens RP103 e B. subtilis RP242, caracterizando este metabolito como um dos responsáveis pela atividade antifúngica. Os isolados B. amyloliquefaciens RP103 e B. subtilis RP242 demonstraram a manutenção da dominância frente a A. flavus e F. verticillioides in vitro em diferentes condições ambientais, caracterizando alta eficácia no controle fúngico em situações de stress hídrico e de térmico. A bacterização de sementes com os três isolados foi efetiva na proteção radicular frente aos dois fungos, assim como levou ao aumento do comprimento e peso das plântulas, da taxa de emergência de plântulas e na germinação de sementes. Os isolados foram capazes de reduzir drasticamente as contagens fúngicas em solo não-rizosférico e no grão de milho, reduzindo também a concentração de aflatoxina B1 e fumonisina B1 nos grãos. Os isolados demonstraram-se extremamente promissores para serem utilizados em um bioformulado objetivando o controle micotoxigênico em plantas de milho em diferentes etapas da produção de grãos.<br>Toxigenic fungi Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides may colonize maize grains on the field and during storage, leading to yield and quality losses, mainly by the production of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1, carcinogenic and potentially carcinogenic mycotoxins, respectively. Biological control is a promising alternative control method and the usage of soil bacteria as biocontrol agents has great potential due to survival and competitive characteristics of those microorganisms. The objective of this study was to select bacteria from maize root system with potential to biocontrol Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides on the agroecosystem of maize. We isolated 1283 bacterial colonies from maize root system, 24 of them presented antifungal activity and three were selected for the rest of the study. Selected isolates were identified as Bacillus safensis RP69, B. amyloliquefaciens RP103 and B. subtilis RP242. The isolates were capable to reduce in vitro mycelial growth rate of both fungi and reduce conidial production, germination and survival. Iturin A production was detected by B. amyloliquefaciens RP103 and B. subtilis RP242, characterizing this metabolite as one of the responsible for the antifungal activity. Isolates B. amyloliquefaciens RP103 and B. subtilis RP242 maintained in vitro dominance towards A. flavus and F. verticillioides in different environmental conditions, characterizing high efficacy on fungal control even in water and temperature stress situations. Seed bacterization was effective on root protection towards both fungi, as well as increased seedling length and weight, emergency rate and seed germination percentage. The isolates were able to reduce fungal counts on non-rhizospheric soil and on grain, and were able to decrease aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 final concentrations on maize grain. The selected isolates shown extremely promising to be used as biocontrol agents on a bioformulated product aiming mycotoxigenic control on maize plants during different steps of grain production.
Books on the topic "Aspergillus spp"
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Chakrabarti, Arunaloke. Fungal diseases of the ear, nose, and throat. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0024.
Full textAbstract:
Fungal infection of the ear (otomycosis), nose (fungal rhinosinusitis), and throat (oropharyngeal candidiasis) are common diseases. Fungal laryngeal diseases and invasive otomycosis & acute fungal rhinosinusitis are much less common and occur in immunosuppressed hosts, including those with diabetes. Aspergillus and Candida spp. are the commonest causes of otomycosis, whilst Aspergillus spp. predominate in sinus disease, with members of the Mucorales also causing serious invasive infections. Management of the non-invasive conditions can be difficult, and otomycosis and rhinosinusitis often become chronic. Invasive disease usually requires surgical intervention along with appropriate antifungal therapy. Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis has a mortality of approximately 50%.
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Drake, Sarah, and Jonathan Sandoe. Fungal cardiovascular infections. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0021.
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Fungal cardiovascular disease can broadly be divided into four groups: infective endocarditis (including implantable cardiac electronic devices), mycotic aneurysms, vascular graft infections, and intravascular catheter-related infections. These conditions are rare but are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, which may be in excess of 80% in certain groups of patients. Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. account for the majority of these infections, but rare fungi may also be involved, particularly in infective endocarditis, where they are responsible for approximately 25% of cases. This chapter will cover the epidemiology, causative fungi, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and prevention of these four fungal cardiovascular conditions.
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Todd, Stacy, and Nick Beeching. Fungal infection. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0315.
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Fungi, comprising yeasts, moulds, and higher fungi, have a worldwide distribution and are uncommon causes of disease in healthy individuals. However, over the last 20 years, invasive fungal disease (IFD) has become an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality. This is probably due to the increasing numbers of patients with underlying host conditions, which predispose to opportunistic IFD (e.g. transplant and anti-tumour necrosis factor immunosuppression, HIV, or chronic lung disease), and to increased recognition of endemic IFD (e.g. histoplasmosis), which cause disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts in selected geographic locations. Diagnosis of IFD remains a challenge. Symptoms are often non-specific, and a definite diagnosis requires invasive sampling with appropriate laboratory testing of these samples. Non-invasive tests are being developed, but their positive and negative predictive values still need validation. Diagnostic criteria (‘proven, probable, and possible’) established primarily for use in research and clinical trials can also prove useful in clinical environments. However, the most important step in identifying patients with IFD is to consider the diagnosis in those at risk. This chapter will focus on the commonest causes of IFD (Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus spp., and histoplasmosis).
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Clark, Heather L., and Eric Pearlman. Fungal eye infections. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0028.
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Mycotic keratitis is a fungal infection of the cornea that leads to severe, painful ulceration and loss of vision, and is a major cause of blindness worldwide, particularly in the developing world. Major risk factors for mycotic keratitis include ocular trauma and contact lens use. Both yeasts and moulds can cause mycotic keratitis, with the filamentous moulds of the Fusarium and Aspergillus genera the most common aetiological agents worldwide. Fungi, particularly Candida spp. yeasts, can also cause endophthalmitis—a painful, blinding infection of the posterior eye. Treatment of these infections is challenging owing to a limited arsenal of antifungal agents and highly variable susceptibility among causative fungi. Furthermore, associated inflammation contributes greatly to tissue damage and permanent blindness. Studies using experimental models of mycotic keratitis have revealed new targets for novel antifungal agents and anti-inflammatory therapies that have the potential to reduce the impact of these devastating infections.
Book chapters on the topic "Aspergillus spp"
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Hangay, George, Severiano F. Gayubo, Marjorie A. Hoy, et al. "Aspergillus spp. Fungi." In Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_10366.
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Noma, Y., and Y. Asakawa. "Aspergillus spp.: Biotransformation of Terpenoids and Related Compounds." In Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VIII. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08612-4_5.
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Spadaro, Davide, Mauro Fontana, Simona Prencipe, Silvia Valente, Edoardo Piombo, and Maria Lodovica Gullino. "Innovative Strategies for the Management of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. on Nuts." In Postharvest Pathology. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56530-5_7.
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Zhao, Yanan, and David S. Perlin. "Quantitative Detection of Aspergillus spp. by Real-Time Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-257-5_6.
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Pule, Tefo K., Marco N. De Canha, Namrita Lall, and Quenton Kritzinger. "The Potential of Medicinal Plants as Treatments for Infections Caused by Aspergillus spp." In Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003108375-19.
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Cano-González, Carlos Neftalí, Ena Deyla Bolaina-Lorenzo, Alicia Couto, Faustino Lara, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, and Juan Carlos Contreras-Esquivel. "Enzymatic Production of Chito-Oligosaccharides and D-glucosamine by Fungal Chitosanases from Aspergillus spp.: A Review." In Food Product Optimization for Quality and Safety Control. Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003003144-11.
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de Lima-Neto, Reginaldo Gonçalves, Patrice Le Pape, and Rejane Pereira Neves. "Aspergillus spp." In Pocket Guide to Mycological Diagnosis. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22205-9.
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"Hemicellulase (Aspergillus Spp.)." In Food Additives Data Book. Blackwell Science Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470995327.ch130.
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Plascencia-Jatomea, Maribel, María Susana, Yépiz Gómez, and John Martin Velez-Haro. "Aspergillus spp. (Black Mold)." In Postharvest Decay. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-411552-1.00008-9.
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Bennett, J. W., and K. E. Papa. "The Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus SPP." In Genetics of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-033706-4.50022-0.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Aspergillus spp"
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Cavalcanti, Pedro Quaranta Alves, Giovanna Rolim Pinheiro Lima, Beatriz Vieira Loiola Coutinho, Idna Lara Goes De Sena, and Silvia Fernandes Ribeiro Da Silva. "COVID-19 E COINFECÇÃO POR ASPERGILLUS SPP: UMA REVISÃO LITERÁRIA." In I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1162.
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Introdução: A Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva (API), ocasionada pelo fungo Aspergillus spp, é uma doença de elevada morbimortalidade em pacientes com comprometimento do sistema imunológico. Estudos têm mostrado o risco de pacientes com COVID-19 desenvolver coinfecção por Aspergillus spp. Objetivos: Avaliar a consequência da infecção pelo Aspergillus spp na COVID-19. Material e métodos: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico do período de 2020 e 2021 na base de dados da PubMed. Utilizou-se as palavras-chave “Aspergillus” e “COVID-19”. Foram selecionados 5 artigos que abordaram o tema de forma satisfatória. Resultados: O relato de coinfecções na COVID-19 por bactérias e fungos tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente e aumentado a preocupação dos pesquisadores no mundo. A coinfecção por Aspergillus spp é um fator de risco que dificulta o diagnóstico, prognóstico, tratamento, agrava os sintomas e eleva a taxa de mortalidade de pacientes com COVID-19 grave. A coinfecção por Aspergillus, com consequente desenvolvimento de API, foi associada a casos de COVID-19 grave. Dos pacientes (5%) que evoluíram para a COVID-19 grave e necessitaram de cuidados intensivos, 19% a 34% deles desenvolveram API. Acredita-se que a COVID-19 aumenta a susceptibilidade da infecção por Aspergillus spp devido: ao excesso de antibióticos usado no seu tratamento; a imunomodulação do sistema imune; uso de Tocilizumab®; da hiperinflamação e da tempestade de citocinas; a ativação dos linfócitos Th2; níveis séricos elevados de IL-6 e IL-10; e diminuição da resposta via linfócito Th1. A coinfecção por Aspergillus spp pode influenciar no grau de inflamação sistêmica e na progressão e prognóstico da COVID-19, com consequente aumento de cuidados intensivos, de óbitos ou estender o tempo de internação e cura da COVID-19. Além disso, a coinfecção e o uso prolongado de antibióticos no tratamento da COVID-19 podem alterar a homeostase intestinal, intensificando a infecção, pois o desequilíbrio da microbiota, nos casos de infecções fúngicas, podem provocar alterações intestinais por até 12 dias após a não identificação do SARS-CoV-2 na nasofaringe. Conclusão: A API apresenta relevância clínica no contexto pandêmico atual devido a sua alta morbimortalidade na COVID-19 grave. Faz-se necessário mais estudos sobre a sua fisiopatologia que minimizem o agravamento da COVID-19.
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Rastimesina, Inna, Olga Postolachi, Valentina Josan, Alina Cotoman, and Vera Mamaliga. "Screening of low density polyethylene degrading microorganisms." In National Scientific Symposium With International Participation: Modern Biotechnologies – Solutions to the Challenges of the Contemporary World. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb21.003.
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Bacteria, actinobacteria, and micromycetes stored in the National Collection of NonPathogenic Microorganisms (CNMN) were assessed for the capacity to grow and degrade LDPE. There were tested 15 strains of bacteria from genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Rhodococcus, and 15 strains of micromycetes from genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. Among the studied bacterial strains, actinobacteria were more effective in LDPE degradation than bacilli and Pseudomonas spp. The members of genus Penicillium, in comparing with Aspergillus spp., degraded LDPE more actively.
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Silva, Laísa Lira Caldas, and Solange Maria Bonaldo. "FUNGICIDAS MULTISSÍTIOS: EFEITO NA INCIDÊNCIA DE GRÃOS ARDIDOS EM MILHO." In I Congresso Nacional de Ciências Agrárias On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1602.
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Introdução: O milho (Zea mays L.) principal cultura destinada à alimentação humana e animal, utilizada como matéria-prima para a produção de diversos tipos de produtos que apresentam relevância no setor comercial de vários países. As doenças na cultura do milho no Brasil, tem se tornado mais efetivas ao longo do tempo, acarretando perdas na qualidade dos grãos como também na produtividade, principalmente devido à formação de “grãos ardidos”. Objetivos: Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar a incidência de grãos ardidos, em função da aplicação de fungicidas multissítios em campo. Materiais e métodos: Foram retirados da amostra geral uma sub-amostra de 300 gramas cada para quantificar os grãos ardidos, sendo considerados aqueles que apresentaram pelo menos ¼ de sua superfície com descolorações, e para o teste de sanidade foram dispostos 20 grãos por caixa gerbox, contendo papel filtro autoclavado embebido com meio ágar-água. O delineamento utilizado foi o Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC), com 22 tratamentos e quatro repetições e os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Resultados: Nas porcentagens de grãos ardidos, os maiores percentuais ocorreram nos tratamentos Priori Xtra + Score Flexi, Nativo, Miravis Duo e Abacus + Support e os menores nos tratamentos Azimut + Carbendazim, Azimut e Azimut + Fortuna. A incidência de patógenos sobre a massa de grãos ardidos, apontam Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Nigrospora spp.; Rhizopus spp. e Bipolaris spp., como os mais incidentes sobre a massa de grãos. Conclusão: Os fitopatógenos Aspergillus spp.; Fusarium spp. e Penicillium spp.; apresentaram maiores incidências nas amostras de grãos de milho.Os tratamentos 5- Azimut + Carbendazim, 2- Azimut e 3- Azimut + Fortuna apresentaram menores incidências de grãos ardidos, sendo os mais indicados para o controle de grãos ardidos.
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Alcano, María de Jesús, Raquel Carine Jahn, Cátia Daiane Scherer, et al. "Suscetibilidade de Aspergillus Spp. A Ácidos Orgânicos Conforme O Ph." In XII Latin American Congress on Food Microbiology and Hygiene. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/foodsci-microal-313.
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Кузнецова, Ирина, та Галина Белоусова. "Характеристика фитопатогенной нагрузки семян озимой пшеницы устойчивого к болезням сорта куяльник при помощи молекулярно-генетических методов". У International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.83.
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The aim of this work was to test the seeds of the Kuyalnik variety (harvest of 2019) for the presence of pathogens of the genera Fusarium, Myrothecium, Alternaria, Penicillium, and Aspergillus by molecular genetic methods (PCR, nested-PCR). The use of species-specific primers for these pathogens allowed to detect 6 species of Fusarium (F. verticillioides, F. avenaceum, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. sporotrichioides, F. incarnatum) in the seeds of the disease-resistant variety of winter wheat. It was found that the seeds of this variety of winter wheat also contained a large amount of Alternaria alternata, and a trace amount of Penicillium spp. Phytopathogens of the Myrothecium spp. genus and of the Aspergillus parasiticus were not identified in the DNA isolated from the seeds of the winter wheat variety Kuyalnik. The presence of such a diversity of fungal pathogens in the seeds of the resistant winter wheat variety Kuyalnik requires treatment of seeds with fungicides.
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Mangunwardoyo, W., C. Lasmaria, and D. Kusmana. "Antioxidants production of Aspergillus spp. from Universitas Indonesia Culture Collection (UICC)." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2017 (ISCPMS2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5064166.
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Pereira, Vanessa Maria, Fabiana Reinis Passamani, Nathasha de Azevedo Lira, Sara Maria Chalfoun, Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira, and Luis Roberto Batista. "Diversidade e Potencial Micotoxigênico de Aspergillus Spp. no Solo de Sabará (Mg)." In XII Latin American Congress on Food Microbiology and Hygiene. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/foodsci-microal-079.
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Cristo Fernandes, ORMEZINDA CELESTE, Thayna Cruz de Souza, Claudia Patricia M de Araújo, Josy Caldas Rodrigues, and Raimundo Felipe Cruz filho. "Obtenção de Proteases a partir de Diferentes Condições de Cultivo de Aspergillus spp e Penicillium spp da Coleção de Fungos da Amazônia – CFAM/FIOCRUZ- AM." In Simpósio Nacional de Bioprocessos e Simpósio de Hidrólise Enzimática de Biomassa. Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/sinaferm-2015-33715.
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JOVAIŠIENĖ, Jurgita, Bronius BAKUTIS, Violeta BALIUKONIENĖ, Audrius KAČERGIUS, Algimantas PAŠKEVIČIUS, and Gediminas GERULIS. "HYGIENIC SANITARY ESTIMATION OF MAIZE SILAGE IN DAIRY FARMS IN LITHUANIA." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.023.
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The aim of this study was to estimate maize silage hygienic sanitary parameters, contamination with mycotoxins in dairy farms in Lithuania. In 2011–2012 maize silage samples were collected from 20 dairy farms: prior to ensiling and 3 and 8 months after ensiling. In maize samples, prior to ensiling, L. monocytogenes was detected 25.0 % and after 3 months of ensiling – 10 %. Average of yeast and filamentous fungi in raw material samples were respectively – 71.39 ± 32.17 and 47.67 ± 18.31 CFU/g, after 3 months – 50.06 ± 16.09 CFU/g and 28.27 ± 13.18, after 8 months – 213.81 ± 55.98 and 215.08 ± 56.16 CFU/g. In raw maize dominated Fusarium spp. and in silage – Aspergillus, Penicillium spp. Average of lactic acid bacteria – 189.01 ± 57.79 (3 months after ensilage) and 436.11 ± 93.97 CFU/g (8 months after ensilage). Compared prior to ensilage and 3 and 8 months after ensilage maize samples, higher mycotoxins concentrations of DON – 36.96 % (P < 0.05) and ZEA – 77.32 % (P < 0.05) were detected in 3 month after ensilage, T-2 toxin – 72.69 % (P < 0.05), AFL – 94.31 % (P < 0.05) were detected in 8 month after ensilage. Concentration of OTA was higher 34.99 % (P > 0.05) in samples after 3 months of ensiling. Dry matter and pH respectively: prior to ensiling – 36.96 % and 5.26, 3 months after ensiling – 33.17 % and 3.84, 8 months after ensiling – 40.52 % and 3.91. The current results indicate the presence of yeast, viable fungi spores and mycotoxins AFL (total), ZEA, DON, T-2 and OTA contamination in maize silage in Lithuania.
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Huerta, Arturo H., Nestor Soler, Jorge Ruiz, et al. "Prevalence And Risk Factors For Aspergillus Spp. Colonization In Patients With Acute Exacerbations Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD): The FUNGI-COPD Study." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a1493.
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