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Journal articles on the topic 'Aspergillus'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Banson, A., S. O. Ajeighe, and M. A. Ajayi. "Studies on the Control of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi Isolated from Sorghum Sold in Bida, Niger State Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, no. 7 (July 29, 2023): 1403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i7.10.

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Sorghum is an important crop in Africa including Nigeria, Mali and Niger. Fungi contaminate grains including sorghum with fungal poisonous secondary metabolites called mycotoxins. The objectives of this study are the isolation of fungi associated with sorghum in storage and assay for the presence of mycotoxins in stored sorghum. Data obtained showed that stored sorghum used in this study contains Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergilus oryzae, Aspergilus flavus, Aspergilus niger, Aspergilus solani, Aspergilus terreus and Fusarium oxysposum. Rhizopus stolonifer and Fusarium oxysporum produced zearalenone while Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus solani and Aspergillus tereus produced aflatoxins B1. Fumanisin B1 and aflatoxinB1 were produced by Aspergillus flavus. Alium sativum and Zingiber officinale exhibited antifungal activity against the test fungi. This research work will provide a long term economic impact in reducing mycotoxicoses which are acute and chronic toxic diseases caused by mycotoxins. The findings will also serve the purpose of alerting consumers on the dangers of consuming poorly stored sorghum.
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2

Morin, Odile. "Aspergillus et aspergillose : biologie." EMC - Maladies infectieuses 1, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1166-8598(03)00092-9.

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3

Zaharia, Roxana, Cristina Petrișor, Petruța Cornea, Camelia Diguță, Stelica Cristea, and Ștefan Sorin. "Isolation and Molecular Identification of Fungal Isolates from Stored Cereals Using PCR-RFLP Method." Romanian Agricultural Research 39 (2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59665/rar3902.

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Contamination of grain cereals with toxic metabolites of fungi, both pathogenic and saprotrophic, is one of the particularly important problems in global agriculture. The aim of the current study was molecular identification of fungi isolates from different samples of stored cereals and evaluate the utility of PCR-RFLP of the ITS region technique. The results established that the most abundant species were found belonging to Aspergillus genera (50%), followed by Fusarium spp. (19%) and Penicillium spp. (19%). Aspergillus flavus was the most frequent species, representing almost 40% of the isolates belonging to the genus Aspergillus. Also were identified as Aspergilus versicolor, Aspergilus ruber and Aspergilus niger by molecular analysis representing 10% each.
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4

Tanaka, Takumi, Yuki Terauchi, Akira Yoshimi, and Keietsu Abe. "Aspergillus Hydrophobins: Physicochemical Properties, Biochemical Properties, and Functions in Solid Polymer Degradation." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081498.

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Hydrophobins are small amphipathic proteins conserved in filamentous fungi. In this review, the properties and functions of Aspergillus hydrophobins are comprehensively discussed on the basis of recent findings. Multiple Aspergillus hydrophobins have been identified and categorized in conventional class I and two non-conventional classes. Some Aspergillus hydrophobins can be purified in a water phase without organic solvents. Class I hydrophobins of Aspergilli self-assemble to form amphipathic membranes. At the air–liquid interface, RolA of Aspergillus oryzae self-assembles via four stages, and its self-assembled films consist of two layers, a rodlet membrane facing air and rod-like structures facing liquid. The self-assembly depends mainly on hydrophobin conformation and solution pH. Cys4–Cys5 and Cys7–Cys8 loops, disulfide bonds, and conserved Cys residues of RodA-like hydrophobins are necessary for self-assembly at the interface and for adsorption to solid surfaces. AfRodA helps Aspergillus fumigatus to evade recognition by the host immune system. RodA-like hydrophobins recruit cutinases to promote the hydrolysis of aliphatic polyesters. This mechanism appears to be conserved in Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi, and may be beneficial for their growth. Aspergilli produce various small secreted proteins (SSPs) including hydrophobins, hydrophobic surface–binding proteins, and effector proteins. Aspergilli may use a wide variety of SSPs to decompose solid polymers.
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5

Sørensen, Annette, Peter S. Lübeck, Mette Lübeck, Kristian F. Nielsen, Birgitte K. Ahring, Philip J. Teller, and Jens C. Frisvad. "Aspergillus saccharolyticus sp. nov., a black Aspergillus species isolated in Denmark." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 3077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.029884-0.

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A novel species, Aspergillus saccharolyticus sp. nov., belonging to the Aspergillus section Nigri group is described. This species was isolated in Denmark from treated hardwood. Its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach including phenotypic (morphology and extrolite profiles) and molecular (β-tubulin, internal transcribed spacer and calmodulin gene sequences, and universally primed PCR fingerprinting) analysis. Phenotypic and molecular data enabled this novel species to be clearly distinguished from other black aspergilli. A. saccharolyticus is a uniseriate Aspergillus species that is morphologically similar to Aspergillus japonicus and Aspergillus aculeatus, but has a totally different extrolite profile compared to any known Aspergillus species. The type strain of A. saccharolyticus sp. nov. is CBS 127449T ( = IBT 28509T).
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6

PALENCIA, EDWIN R., TREVOR R. MITCHELL, MAURICE E. SNOOK, ANTHONY E. GLENN, SCOTT GOLD, DOROTHY M. HINTON, RONALD T. RILEY, and CHARLES W. BACON. "Analyses of Black Aspergillus Species of Peanut and Maize for Ochratoxins and Fumonisins." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-321.

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The genus Aspergillus section Nigri, or the black aspergilli, represents genetically closely related species that produce the mycotoxins, ochratoxins and the fumonisins. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is of an added concern because it is also a virulence factor for maize. Our preliminary data indicated that black aspergilli could develop asymptomatic infections with maize and peanuts plants. Symptomless infections are potential problems, because under favorable conditions, there is a potential for accumulation of ochratoxins and the fumonisins in contaminated postharvest crops. In the present report, the ability of black aspergilli from peanuts and maize to produce ochratoxin A and FB1 on maize kernels was assessed. One hundred fifty strains from peanuts and maize were isolated from several southeastern and midwestern states. Aspergillus nigri (A. nigri var. nigri) was the dominant species (87%), while Aspergillus foetidus, Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus tubingensis, and Aspergillus carbonarius were infrequently isolated. None of the wild isolates produced detectable amounts of ochratoxins. However, we do report the occurrence of the fumonisins B1, B2, and B3. Of 54 field isolates, 30% (n = 16) produced FB1, 61% (n = 33) produced FB2, and 44% (n = 24) produced FB3. The amounts of fumonisins produced during the test period of 30 days suggest that these strains might be weak to moderate producers of fumonisin on maize. To our knowledge, this is a first report of FB1 and FB3 production by isolates of black aspergilli from an American cereal and legume.
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7

Lebar, M. D., B. M. Mack, C. H. Carter-Wientjes, and M. K. Gilbert. "The aspergillic acid biosynthetic gene cluster predicts neoaspergillic acid production in Aspergillus section Circumdati." World Mycotoxin Journal 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2018.2397.

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The fungus Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic crop pathogen that produces aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic and hepatotoxic secondary metabolites that are highly regulated in most countries. A. flavus also produces many other secondary metabolites and harbours more than 50 putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters that have yet to be characterised. Bioactive secondary metabolites that augment the ability of the fungus to infect crops are of particular interest. Biosynthetic gene cluster 11 in A. flavus has been recently shown to encode for the biosynthesis of aspergillic acid, a toxic hydroxamic acid-containing pyrazinone compound that can bind iron, resulting in a red-orange pigment known as ferriaspergillin. A decrease in A. flavus pathogenicity and aflatoxin contamination was observed when aspergillic acid biosynthesis was blocked during maize seed infection. In this study, we probe the available genomes of Aspergillus species for biosynthetic gene cluster 11 homologs. We find that all species possessing gene cluster 11 produce aspergillic acid or a closely related isomer. We demonstrate that the Aspergillus section Flavi species harbouring biosynthetic gene cluster 11 produce a mixture of aspergillic acid, hydroxyaspergillic acid, and aspergillic acid analogs differing only in the amino acid precursors. Interestingly, many Aspergillus section Circumdati species, known mainly for their production of the problematic mycotoxin ochratoxin A, also harbour gene cluster 11 homologs, but do not produce aspergillic acid. Instead, these species produce neoaspergillic acid and its hydroxylated analog neohydroxyaspergillic acid, indicating that cluster 11 is responsible for neoaspergillic acid biosynthesis in Aspergillus section Circumdati.
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8

Gardini, W. E:, C. R. Valles, J. H. Velásquez, and Nancy Canales. "Afinidades Fisiológicas en algunos Hongos Filamentosos del Medio Ambiente." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 48, no. 4 (April 9, 2014): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v48i4.5818.

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Se ha aislado del medio ambiente 14 grupos de hongos filamentosos contaminantes empleando el medio de agar-tomate fresco. En ellos fe investigó las reacciones de fermentación selectiva a 18 carbohidratos, sus reacciones mutuas y la producción de desoxirribonucleasa (DNAsa). Se encontró que había preferencia por fermentar determinados carbohidratos como la sacarosa, galactosa, manosa, maltosa, rafinosa, melibiosa, por el Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nigricana, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus orizae, Alternaria, CunninghameIla, Clados porium herbarum, Fusarium roseum, Glenospora, Hormodendrum, Penicillium bicolor, Penícillíum sp. cepa ACI-9, Rhízopus y Trichophyton sp. Que las variedades de hongos dentro de un mismo género tienen diferente poder fermentativo tal como sucede con el Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nigricans, Aspergillus ochraceus y AspergilIus onzae, sobre el adonitol, arabinosa, dulcitol y melecitosa. Los 14 grupos de hongos filamentosos ambientales han producido DNAsa, empleando como medio de cultivo el agar-triptosa-ácido desoxirribonucleico y como reactivo el colorante verde de metilo. La variedad de Penicillium, cepa ACI-9, de escaso poder fermentativo sobre la mayoría de los 18 carbohidratos, presentó poder inhibitorio sobre el desorrollo del Aspergíllus nigricans, Aspergillus ochraceus, Alternaria, Blastomyces dermatitidis y en mayor grado sobre el Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus orizae, CunninghamelIa, Penícillium bicclor y Rhizopus.
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9

Tone, Kazuya, Junko Suzuki, Mohamed Mahdi Alshahni, Kazuyoshi Kuwano, and Koichi Makimura. "Species-specific detection of medically important aspergilli by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis." Medical Mycology 57, no. 6 (January 12, 2019): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy128.

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AbstractChronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a common subtype of pulmonary aspergillosis and a life-threatening disease. However, its diagnosis remains difficult due to the lack of specific clinical features and radiologic findings, as well as the difficulty of isolating Aspergillus spp. We developed a novel species-specific detection method of medically important aspergilli using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for CPA. Specific LAMP primer sets for Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Aspergillus nidulans were designed. The use of the LAMP assay was validated using respiratory specimens (CPA cases, n = 21; nonaspergillosis cases, n = 23). A total of 15 cases were positive in the CPA group (A. fumigatus, n = 5; A. flavus, n = 1; A. niger, n = 1; A. terreus, n = 7; A. nidulans, n = 1), but only three in the non-CPA group (A. niger, n = 2; A. terreus n = 1). The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of CPA by the LAMP system were 71.4% and 87.0%, respectively. In conclusion, we developed a species-specific detection approach for five medically important aspergilli using the LAMP method. The system showed high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of CPA.
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10

Tokamani, Maria, Eleftheria Figgou, Lito Papamichail, Eleni Sakka, Athanasios Toros, Anastasia Bouchorikou, Antonis Giannakakis, Efthymia Iliana Matthaiou, and Raphael Sandaltzopoulos. "A Multiplex PCR Melting-Curve-Analysis-Based Detection Method for the Discrimination of Five Aspergillus Species." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2023): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9080842.

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Aspergillus mold is a ubiquitously found, airborne pathogen that can cause a variety of diseases from mild to life-threatening in severity. Limitations in diagnostic methods combined with anti-fungal resistance render Aspergillus a global emerging pathogen. In industry, Aspergilli produce toxins, such as aflatoxins, which can cause food spoilage and pose public health risk issues. Here, we report a multiplex qPCR method for the detection and identification of the five most common pathogenic Aspergillus species, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Aspergillus nidulans. Our approach exploits species-specific nucleotide polymorphisms within their ITS genomic regions. This novel assay combines multiplex single-color real time qPCR and melting curve analysis and provides a straight-forward, rapid, and cost-effective detection method that can identify five Aspergillus species simultaneously in a single reaction using only six unlabeled primers. Due to their unique fragment lengths, the resulting amplicons are directly linked to certain Aspergillus species like fingerprints, following either electrophoresis or melting curve analysis. Our method is characterized by high analytical sensitivity and specificity, so it may serve as a useful and inexpensive tool for Aspergillus diagnostic applications both in health care and the food industry.
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11

Shukla, Abhimati, and Lalit Kumar Singh. "A comparative study on the removal and recovery of hexavalent chromium from tannery wastewater using an isolated strain Aspergillus proliferans LA and a known strain Aspergillus terreus." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 27, no. 11 (October 15, 2023): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2711rjce0970109.

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Isolation of a potent microorganism from the soil near tanneries and a comparative analysis of the removal and recovery of different concentrations of hexavalent chromium using known strain Aspergillus terreus and isolated strain Aspergillis proliferansLA are done. The isolated fungal species from the chromium contaminated soil sites located in the industrial area of Kanpur, U.P. were tested for its potential for the removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater streams. The experiments were conducted comparing the biosorption efficiency of the isolated species Aspergillus proliferansLA and Aspergillus terreus by varying the initial Cr (VI) concentration and media constituents. The highest removal efficiency of 99.19% was shown by the isolated species Aspergillus proliferansLA for an initial Cr (VI) concentration of 10ppm followed by increasing the concentration to 50ppm whereas Aspergillus terreus showed 78.43% removal of hexavalent chromium. This was then followed by desorption using 0.8M NaOH and 75.12% hexavalent chromium was desorbed from the cells. The isolated strain Aspergillus proliferansLA was seen to show better removal and recovery results than the known strain Aspergillus terreus.
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12

Diba, Kambiz, Farzaneh Jangi, Khadijeh Makhdoomi, Naser Moshiri, and Fatemeh Mansouri. "Aspergillus diversity in the environments of nosocomial infection cases at a university hospital." Journal of Medicine and Life 12, no. 2 (April 2019): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2018-0057.

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Aspergillus species (sp.) that causes opportunistic infections have been increasingly found in human mainly immunosuppressive patients around the world every year. The main objective was to use a rapid and cheap molecular method for monitoring Aspergillus infections and epidemiological approaches. In order to identity Aspergilli species (spp.), a number of molecular methods including restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) have been employed in accordance with ribosomal RNA amplification. The focus of this study — a group of hospitalized patients with clinical and subclinical signs of infection. All of the collected clinical specimens were transported to the medical mycology lab and examined for Aspergillus identification. The environmental specimens were collected from air and surfaces inspected for the Aspergillus within the hospital sources. At first, growth characteristics and microscopic features on mycological media for the identification of Aspergillus sp. were performed. For the confirmation of Aspergillus isolates which similarly found in clinical and environmental sources, molecular method polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism was carried out. From the mentioned specimens, 102 fungal isolates included Candida spp., Aspergillus spp. and other fungi. Aspergillus flavus (47%), Aspergillus fumigatus (29.4%) and Aspergillus niger (23.5%) all were found as the most common clinical isolates. In addition, Aspergillus isolates from environmental were Aspergillus niger (43.7%), Aspergillus flavus (41.7%), Aspergillus fumigatus (14.6%). Therefore, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism with a single restriction enzyme can be very useful in the identification of Aspergillus spp., because of its facility in use, speed, robust, and high sensitivity of diagnosis.
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13

Varga, János, Sándor Kocsubé, Beáta Tóth, Jens C. Frisvad, Giancarlo Perrone, Antonia Susca, Martin Meijer, and Robert A. Samson. "Aspergillus brasiliensis sp. nov., a biseriate black Aspergillus species with world-wide distribution." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65021-0.

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A novel species, Aspergillus brasiliensis sp. nov., is described within Aspergillus section Nigri. This species can be distinguished from other black aspergilli based on intergenic transcribed region, β-tubulin and calmodulin gene sequences, by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and by extrolite profiles. A. brasiliensis isolates produced naphtho-γ-pyrones, tensidol A and B and pyrophen in common with Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis, but also several unique compounds, justifying their treatment as representing a separate species. None of the isolates were found to produce ochratoxin A, kotanins, funalenone or pyranonigrins. The novel species was most closely related to A. niger, and was isolated from soil from Brazil, Australia, USA and The Netherlands, and from grape berries from Portugal. The type strain of Aspergillus brasiliensis sp. nov. is CBS 101740T (=IMI 381727T=IBT 21946T).
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Varga, János, Edit Rinyu, Éva Kevei, Beáta Tóth, and Zofia Kozakiewicz. "Double-stranded RNA mycoviruses in species ofAspergillussectionsCircumdatiandFumigati." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-038.

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Isolates (178) belonging to Aspergillus sections Fumigati, Candidi, Clavati, and Circumdati were tested for the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes. Altogether, 5.6% of the Aspergillus strains examined were infected with dsRNAs. dsRNA segments indicative of mycovirus infection were observed for the first time in Neosartorya hiratsukae, Neosartorya quadricincta, Petromyces alliaceus, and Aspergillus clavatus strains. Correlation was not observed between ochratoxin production and dsRNA content of the strains. This is the first report on the detection of naturally occurring dsRNAs in Aspergillus species that are able to reproduce sexually. The detection of dsRNA in sexual aspergilli gave us a chance to examine the transmission of these segments through ascospores. A Neosartorya hiratsukae strain transmitted the dsRNAs efficiently through sexual spores, while the stromata embedding the asci in Petromyces alliaceus did not transmit one of the dsRNA segments. The 0.6-kb dsRNA segment that was present in the single-stromatal cultures was found to be located in the mitochondrial fraction of this strain. This observation indicates that some mechanisms exist in aspergilli to exclude cytoplasmically located dsRNA molecules from stromatal structures.Key words: Aspergillus, double-stranded RNA, mycovirus, Petromyces, Neosartorya.
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15

Karim, Majid, Rashida Perveen, and Syed A. H. Naqvi. "FUNGICIDAL MANAGEMENT OF ASSOCIATED MYCOFLORA WITH STORED SEEDS OF WHEAT AND CHICKPEA." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 30, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.030.02.0426.

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Wheat and chickpea are considered the most important sources of food and energy and stored for longer period of time in the rural areas in the farmers sheds as seed for the next crop and as market commodity to sale. Both of these crops are liable to many mycoflora which not only deteriorate their quality but also leads toward the crop failure during the coming season. A number of seed borne pathogens viz., Aspergills niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus sulphureus, Aspergillus nidulense, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium spp. and Drechslera spp, were isolated from wheat seed samples while Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Bipolaris spp., Penicillium spp. and Rhizopus stolonifer were isolated from seed samples of chickpea. Various broad spectrum fungicides were evaluated against the isolated mycoflora which showed significant result. Score, Topsin-M and ridomil gold to be the most significant fungicides at all doses against the isolated mycoflora.
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Arafat, Md, Md Islam, Shamim Ahamed, Md Mahmud, Md Rahman, and K. Nazir. "Molecular detection of Aspergilli from commercial chicken in selected areas of Bangladesh." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 9, no. 2 (2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i583.

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Objectives: This study was designed to isolate, identify, and determine the prevalence of Aspergilli in commercial chicken in selected areas of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 lung samples from suspected dead chickens, comprising broilers (n = 32) and layers (n = 18), aged between 5 days and 45 weeks, were collected from poultry farms located in the Gazipur district in Bangladesh. Fungi were primarily identified based on the colony morphology using potato dextrose agar (PDA). DNA was extracted from the suspected colonies. Aspegillus spp. was detected by genus-specific ASAP-1 and ASAP-2. Aspergillus spp. were then screened by polymerase chain reaction targeting Aspergillus flavus (FLA-1 and FLA-2), Aspergillus fumigatus (ASPU and Af3r), and Aspergillus niger (ASPU and Nilr). Results: The overall prevalence of Aspergillus spp. was 44% (n = 22/50; p < 0.05). Among the Aspergilli, A. flavus was detected in 10% (n = 5/50) of the samples. Similarly, A. fumigatus and A. niger were detected at 26% (n = 13/50) and 8% (n = 4/50) respectively. Three samples were associated with more than one fungus; two fungi (A. flavus and A. niger) were in two samples, and three fungi (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and A. niger) were in one sample. Conclusion: Isolation and prevalence of Aspergillus spp. in commercial chicken were studied for the first time in Bangladesh.
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Jin, Feng-Jie, Bao-Teng Wang, Zhen-Dong Wang, Long Jin, and Pei Han. "CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing and Its Application in Aspergillus Species." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8050467.

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Aspergillus, a genus of filamentous fungi, is extensively distributed in nature and plays crucial roles in the decomposition of organic materials as an important environmental microorganism as well as in the traditional fermentation and food processing industries. Furthermore, due to their strong potential to secrete a large variety of hydrolytic enzymes and other natural products by manipulating gene expression and/or introducing new biosynthetic pathways, several Aspergillus species have been widely exploited as microbial cell factories. In recent years, with the development of next-generation genome sequencing technology and genetic engineering methods, the production and utilization of various homo-/heterologous-proteins and natural products in Aspergillus species have been well studied. As a newly developed genome editing technology, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been used to edit and modify genes in Aspergilli. So far, the CRISPR/Cas9-based approach has been widely employed to improve the efficiency of gene modification in the strain type Aspergillus nidulans and other industrially important and pathogenic Aspergillus species, including Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus fumigatus. This review highlights the current development of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing technology and its application in basic research and the production of recombination proteins and natural products in the Aspergillus species.
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Ntana, Fani, Uffe Hasbro Mortensen, Catherine Sarazin, and Rainer Figge. "Aspergillus: A Powerful Protein Production Platform." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091064.

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Aspergilli have been widely used in the production of organic acids, enzymes, and secondary metabolites for almost a century. Today, several GRAS (generally recognized as safe) Aspergillus species hold a central role in the field of industrial biotechnology with multiple profitable applications. Since the 1990s, research has focused on the use of Aspergillus species in the development of cell factories for the production of recombinant proteins mainly due to their natively high secretion capacity. Advances in the Aspergillus-specific molecular toolkit and combination of several engineering strategies (e.g., protease-deficient strains and fusions to carrier proteins) resulted in strains able to generate high titers of recombinant fungal proteins. However, the production of non-fungal proteins appears to still be inefficient due to bottlenecks in fungal expression and secretion machinery. After a brief overview of the different heterologous expression systems currently available, this review focuses on the filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus and their use in recombinant protein production. We describe key steps in protein synthesis and secretion that may limit production efficiency in Aspergillus systems and present genetic engineering approaches and bioprocessing strategies that have been adopted in order to improve recombinant protein titers and expand the potential of Aspergilli as competitive production platforms.
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Breuer, W., A. Stoll, S. Hörmansdorfer, G. Knubben-Schweizer, A. Hafner-Marx, and K. Deischl. "Nasal, pulmonary, and abomasal aspergillosis (Aspergillus fumigatus) in a calf." Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 157, no. 7 (July 5, 2015): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17236/sat00028.

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20

SUN, BING-DA, PAN-PAN HUANG, HAI-LEI WEI, WEN-JIAO CAI, LIN WANG, SHEN-KUN LIU, XIAN-ZHI JIANG, and AMANDA-JUAN CHEN. "Aspergillus telluris, a new soil derived species belonging to Aspergillus subgenus Polypaecilum." Phytotaxa 455, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.455.2.5.

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Aspergillus subgenus Polypaecilum contains species with solitary phialides instead of aspergilli and conidia occurring in chains, heads, or singly. Most species in this subgenus are xerotolerant or halotolerant and are widely distributed in house dust and saline environments. Some subgenus Polypaecilum members like Aspergillus caninus and A. chlamydosporus grow well at 37 °C and were associated with mycoses in canines. In the present study, three strains isolated from farmland soil were assigned in subgenus Polypaecilum based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses but showed low sequence similarity with existing species. They were named as a new species, Aspergillus telluris sp. nov.. Aspergillus telluris falls into the A. caninus and A. chlamydosporus clade. Morphologically it is similar to A. chlamydosporus by production of subglobose, pyriform, ellipsoidal conidia and globose to subglobose chlamydospores. This is also the first report of Aspergillus subgenus Polypaecilum species in China.
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GEMEINHARDT, Von H., and P. Deicke. "Terminale diffuse Lungen-Aspergillose durcli Aspergillus fumigatus." Mycoses 8, no. 2 (April 24, 2009): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1965.tb02367.x.

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Noor, Shahid, and Narayan S. Punekar. "Allosteric NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase from aspergilli: purification, characterization and implications for metabolic regulation at the carbon–nitrogen interface." Microbiology 151, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 1409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27751-0.

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NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) mediates fungal ammonium assimilation through reductive synthesis of glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate. By virtue of its position at the interface of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, biosynthetic NADP-GDH is a potential candidate for metabolic control. In order to facilitate characterization, a new and effective dye-affinity method was devised to purify NADP-GDH from two aspergilli, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus nidulans. The A. niger NADP-GDH was characterized at length and its kinetic interaction constants with glutamate (K m 34·7 mM) and ammonium (K m 1·05 mM; K i 0·4 mM) were consistent with an anabolic role. Isophthalate, 2-methyleneglutarate and 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylate were significant inhibitors, with respective K i values of 6·9, 9·2 and 202·0 μM. The A. niger enzyme showed allosteric properties and a sigmoid response (n H=2·5) towards 2-oxoglutarate saturation. The co-operative behaviour was a feature common to NADP-GDH from Aspergillus awamori, A. nidulans and Aspergillus oryzae. NADP-GDH may therefore be a crucial determinant in adjusting 2-oxoglutarate flux between the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutamate biosynthesis in aspergilli.
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Jaggi, Tavleen Kaur, Soo Kai Ter, Micheál Mac Aogáin, and Sanjay H. Chotirmall. "Aspergillus-Associated Endophenotypes in Bronchiectasis." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 42, no. 04 (July 14, 2021): 556–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730947.

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AbstractBronchiectasis is a chronic condition of global relevance resulting in permanent and irreversible structural airway damage. Bacterial infection in bronchiectasis is well studied; however, recent molecular studies identify fungi as important pathogens, either independently or in association with bacteria. Aspergillus species are established fungal pathogens in cystic fibrosis and their role is now increasingly being recognized in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. While the healthy airway is constantly exposed to ubiquitously present Aspergillus conidia in the environment, anatomically damaged airways appear more prone to colonization and subsequent infection by this fungal group. Aspergilli possess diverse immunopathological mechanistic capabilities and when coupled with innate immune defects in a susceptible host, such as that observed in bronchiectasis, it may promote a range of clinical manifestations including sensitization, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Aspergillus bronchitis, and/or invasive aspergillosis. How such clinical states influence “endophenotypes” in bronchiectasis is therefore of importance, as each Aspergillus-associated disease state has overlapping features with bronchiectasis itself, and can evolve, depending on underlying host immunity from one type into another. Concurrent Aspergillus infection complicates the clinical course and exacerbations in bronchiectasis and therefore dedicated research to better understand the Aspergillus-host interaction in the bronchiectasis airway is now warranted.
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Glampedakis, Emmanouil, Véronique Erard, and Frederic Lamoth. "Clinical Relevance and Characteristics of Aspergillus calidoustus and Other Aspergillus Species of Section Usti." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6020084.

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The Aspergilli of section Usti (group ustus) are represented by over 20 species, of which Aspergillus calidoustus is the most relevant human pathogen. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) caused by these fungi is rare but could represent an emerging issue among the expanding population of patients with long-term immunosuppression receiving antifungal prophylaxis. Clinicians should be aware of this unusual type of IA, which often exhibits distinct clinical features, such as an insidious and prolonged course and a high occurrence of extra-pulmonary manifestations, such as skin/soft tissue or brain lesions. Moreover, these Aspergillus spp. pose a therapeutic challenge because of their decreased susceptibility to azole drugs. In this review, we outline the microbiological and clinical characteristics of IA due to Aspergillus spp. of section Usti and discuss the therapeutic options.
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Varga, János, Sándor Kocsubé, Gyöngyi Szigeti, Nikolett Baranyi, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Daniela Jakšić Despot, Donát Magyar, Martin Meijer, Robert A. Samson, and Maja Šegvić Klarić. "Occurrence of black Aspergilli in indoor environments of six countries." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2450.

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AbstractBlack Aspergilli (Aspergillus section Nigri) are widely distributed in various habitats. They act as food spoilage organisms, human pathogens, and mycotoxin producers and are frequently encountered in indoor environments. Black Aspergilli, specifically A. niger, A. welwitschiae, and A. carbonarius, produce different ochratoxins and fumonisins. Ochratoxins are known to induce renal disorders following inhalation, which necessitates the determination of potential mycotoxin-producing species in our environment. This paper aimed to compare the diversity and species distribution of black Aspergilli in the indoor environments of six different countries using morphological and molecular methods. A total of 178 black Aspergillus isolates were identified from six countries. In contrast with results from previous studies, A. niger was not the only black Aspergillus detected in indoor air. Species distribution differed among countries, although the distribution in European countries (Croatia, Hungary, the Netherlands, and Turkey) with a temperate climate was considerably similar. The highest species diversity was observed in indoor samples from Thailand, while the lowest was found in Algeria. Potentially ochratoxin- and fumonisin-producing fungi were detected in the indoor air of all six countries. Further studies need to clarify the effect of these fungi and their mycotoxins on human and animal health.
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M.S, Waghmare, Ugile S.K., Chavan P. G., and Waghmode B.G. "Effect of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms and Phosphorus Levels on Growth Yield and Quality of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Inceptisol." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 5 (March 29, 2024): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i54540.

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A field study was conducted to know the “Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and phosphorus levels on growth, yield and quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in inceptisol.” The experiment was laid in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with sixteen treatments, replicated thrice during rabi season of 2019-20 at the Department Research Farm of SSAC, College of Agriculture, Latur. The treatments comprises four main (absolute control, Bacillus megaterium, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori @ 10 ml kg-1 seed treatment) and four sub treatments (0,45,60 and 75 P2O5 kg ha-1). The results indicated that, the incorporation of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms viz. Aspergillius awamori @ 10 ml kg-1 seed in combination with soil application of 75 P2O5 kg ha-1 found to be effective in improving growth and yield attributing characters viz. number of root nodules, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content , grain yield and straw yield as compared to Aspergillus niger and Bacillus megaterium along with 60 P2O5 kg ha-1 and over control. Further results revealed that test weight and protein percentage was significantly influenced with the seed treatment of Aspergillius awamori @ 10 ml kg-1 seed in combination with application of 75 P2O5 kg ha-1.
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Suleiman, Abdulrahman Itopa, Abba Nasidi, Kizito Eneye Bello, Muhammed Mahe Muktar, Nasir Sirajo Sadi, Mustapha Omenesa Idris, Salawudeen Shuaibu Omeiza, Abdullahi Hassan Amoto, and Abdullahi Abdulkadir Imam. "Larvicidal Potential of Conidia Suspension of Aspergillus flavus against Anopheles Mosquitoes." Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2021.v01i01.006.

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Abstract: Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the larvicidal potential of the conidia suspension of Aspergillus flavus against Anopheles mosquitoes. Method: Aspergillus flavus was isolated from soil using soil suspension procedures and was identified using morphological characteristics. Bioassay was performed to determine the efficacy of Aspergillus flavus conidial suspension against early 4th instar larvae of Anopheles mosquito using WHO-2005 protocol with slight modifications. Results: Four different concentration of conidial suspension; 3.3×106, 3.3×105, 3.3×104 and 3.3×103 conidia/ml were tested, and the results show that; mortality increases with increase in conidial concentration and exposure time. Conclusion: These results indicated that Aspergillis flavus conidia suspension are pathogenic to immature stage of Anopheles mosquito and could be suggested as a biological control for mosquito management.
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Hartmann, J., and R. Keller. "Spontane Heilung eines pulmonalen Aspergilloms: „Actinomyces zerstört Aspergillus”." Pneumologie 54, no. 9 (September 2000): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-7179.

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Singh, Pummi, Marc Orbach, and Peter Cotty. "Aspergillus texensis: A Novel Aflatoxin Producer with S Morphology from the United States." Toxins 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120513.

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Aflatoxins are carcinogenic metabolites produced primarily by fungi within Aspergillus section Flavi. These fungi infect a wide range of crops in warm regions. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of fungi with S morphology (average sclerotium size < 400 µm) within section Flavi collected from across the United States (US) resulted in the discovery of a novel aflatoxin-producing species, Aspergillus texensis. Aspergillus texensis was isolated from maize grown in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, and from soils cropped to maize in Texas. Aspergillus texensis produces sparse conidia and abundant sclerotia on various culture media, and on maize. Physiological studies have revealed optimal growth on culture media at 35 °C. All isolates of A. texensis produced B and G aflatoxins, cyclopiazonic acid and aspergillic acid. Aspergillus texensis and A. flavus S strain morphotypes produced similar concentrations of total aflatoxins on maize (p > 0.05). Phylogenetic analyses of aflatoxin-producers based on partial gene sequences of the β-tubulin (0.9 kb), calmodulin (1.2 kb), and nitrate reductase (2.1 kb) genes placed A. texensis in a highly supported monophyletic clade closely related to A. minisclerotigenes and a previously reported unnamed lineage designated Lethal Aflatoxicosis Fungus.
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Patyi, Márta, and Mihály Svébis. "Aspergillus peritonitis esete." Magyar Sebészet 63, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/maseb.63.2010.6.6.

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AbsztraktAz egyre növekvő számú immunsuprimált beteg között a gombafertőzések előfordulása, köztük az Aspergillusok által kiváltott fertőzések száma emelkedik. Nő a klinikusokban a gombadiagnosztikára az igény, és egyre nagyobb kihívást jelent ezen betegek kezelése. A közleményben szereplő 53 éves férfi esetét a szerzők azért tartják bemutatásra érdemesnek, mivel az irodalomban nagyon kevés Aspergillus peritonitis leírás található, és a hosszú ápolási idő alatt megjelenő sok egyéb infekció kezelése is nehéz, valamint költséges volt. A szerzők felhívják a figyelmet továbbá a konziliáriusi munka, a tenyésztési mintavételek fontosságára is.
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Rohmi, Rohmi, Zainal Fikri, and Ni Ketut Riska Pujasari. "Ubi Jalar Putih (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Media Alternatif Pertumbuhan Aspergillus Niger." Jurnal Kesehatan Prima 13, no. 2 (August 9, 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.32807/jkp.v13i2.234.

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Jamur Aspergilus niger menghasilkan alergan yang menyebabkan reaksi alergi, yaitu dapat menyebabkan reaksi hipersensitivitas seperti asma dan alveolitis pada manusia. Ubi jalar putih (Ipomoea batatas L.) mengandung karbohidrat yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti sumber karbohidrat pada media PDA. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Penggunaan ubi jalar putih (Ipomoea batatas L.) sebagai media alternatif pertumbuhan jamur Aspergillus niger. Penelitian ini bersifat true eksperimet dengan menggunakan 6 replikasi dan 4 perlakuan yaitu media PDA sebagai kontrol, media tepung ubi jalar putih dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Hasil uji laboratorium pada media PDA pertumbuhan diameter jamur Aspergilus niger adalah 43.5 mm dengan sporulasi lebat dan miselium tebal, pada media alternatif tepung ubi jalar putih (Ipomoea batatas L.) pada konsentrasi 10% memiliki pertumbuhan diameter jamur Aspergilus niger adalah 40.8 mm dengan sporulasi tipis dan miselium putih tipis, pada media alternatif tepung ubi jalar putih (Ipomoea batatas L.) pada konsentrasi 20% memiliki pertumbuhan diameter jamur Aspergilus niger adalah 57 mm dengan sporulasi cukup lebat dan miselium putih tipis, dan pada media alternatif tepung ubi jalar putih (Ipomoea batatas L.) pada konsentrasi 30% memiliki pertumbuhan diameter jamur Aspergilus niger adalah 37.5 mm dengan sporulasi cukup lebat dan miselium putih tipis. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tepung ubi jalar putih (Ipomoea batatas L.) dapat digunakan sebagai media alternatif untuk pertumbuhan Aspergillus niger.
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32

&NA;. "Aspergillus." Nursing 30, no. 1 (January 2000): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200030010-00026.

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Marinkovich, VincentA. "ASPERGILLUS." Lancet 333, no. 8650 (June 1989): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92707-4.

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Rokas, Antonis. "Aspergillus." Current Biology 23, no. 5 (March 2013): R187—R188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.021.

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35

Mabey Gilsenan, Jane E., Graham Atherton, Jennifer Bartholomew, Peter F. Giles, Teresa K. Attwood, David W. Denning, and Paul Bowyer. "Aspergillus Genomes and the Aspergillus Cloud." Nucleic Acids Research 37, suppl_1 (November 27, 2008): D509—D514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn876.

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36

Bowman, J. C., G. K. Abruzzo, A. M. Flattery, C. J. Gill, E. J. Hickey, M. J. Hsu, J. Nielsen Kahn, et al. "Efficacy of Caspofungin against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, and Aspergillus nidulans." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 12 (October 2, 2006): 4202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00485-06.

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ABSTRACT The echinocandin caspofungin is a potent inhibitor of the activity of 1,3-β-d-glucan synthase from Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, and Aspergillus nidulans. In murine models of disseminated infection, caspofungin prolonged survival and reduced the kidney fungal burden. Caspofungin was at least as effective as amphotericin B against these filamentous fungi in vivo.
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37

Cruciani, Deborah, Silvia Crotti, Carmen Maresca, Ivan Pecorelli, Emanuela Verdini, Marinella Rodolfi, Eleonora Scoccia, Sara Spina, Andrea Valentini, and Francesco Agnetti. "Preliminary Investigation about Aspergillus spp. Spread in Umbrian Avian Farms." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8111213.

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Among the fungi responsible for deep mycosis, the genus Aspergillus plays a predominant role both in human and veterinary medicine. From a “One Health” perspective, infections by Aspergillus spp. often represent a public health problem linked to specific occupational categories that could have a greater risk of inhaling spores and developing any respiratory disease. This preliminary investigation allowed to acquire information about the spread of Aspergillus spp. in avian livestock of the Umbria region (Central Italy), their sensitivity to antifungals, and the presence of mycotoxins in the considered farms. Environmental, feed, animal, and human samples were collected for mycological investigations; chemical analyses were also performed in feed samples. Moreover, prevalence estimated of the fungal isolates were provided for each individual farm sampled. Direct fungal identification was possible in 298 out of the 559 total samples; 162 of the samples were positive for Aspergillus spp. Mycotoxins were detected in 5 out of the 21 feed samples collected. All the aspergilli tested for antifungal susceptibility were resistant to fluconazole. The results obtained show how much the genus Aspergillus is widespread in the investigated farms; therefore, the poultry livestock represents a favorable environment for the maintenance and spread of fungal spores and their potential transmission to animals and humans.
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Theobald, Sebastian, Tammi C. Vesth, Elena Geib, Jane L. Nybo, Jens C. Frisvad, Thomas O. Larsen, Alan Kuo, et al. "Genomic Analysis of Aspergillus Section Terrei Reveals a High Potential in Secondary Metabolite Production and Plant Biomass Degradation." Journal of Fungi 10, no. 7 (July 22, 2024): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof10070507.

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Aspergillus terreus has attracted interest due to its application in industrial biotechnology, particularly for the production of itaconic acid and bioactive secondary metabolites. As related species also seem to possess a prosperous secondary metabolism, they are of high interest for genome mining and exploitation. Here, we present draft genome sequences for six species from Aspergillus section Terrei and one species from Aspergillus section Nidulantes. Whole-genome phylogeny confirmed that section Terrei is monophyletic. Genome analyses identified between 70 and 108 key secondary metabolism genes in each of the genomes of section Terrei, the highest rate found in the genus Aspergillus so far. The respective enzymes fall into 167 distinct families with most of them corresponding to potentially unique compounds or compound families. Moreover, 53% of the families were only found in a single species, which supports the suitability of species from section Terrei for further genome mining. Intriguingly, this analysis, combined with heterologous gene expression and metabolite identification, suggested that species from section Terrei use a strategy for UV protection different to other species from the genus Aspergillus. Section Terrei contains a complete plant polysaccharide degrading potential and an even higher cellulolytic potential than other Aspergilli, possibly facilitating additional applications for these species in biotechnology.
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Wilson, Richard A., Ana M. Calvo, Perng-Kuang Chang, and Nancy P. Keller. "Characterization of the Aspergillus parasiticus Δ12-desaturase gene: a role for lipid metabolism in the Aspergillus–seed interaction." Microbiology 150, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 2881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27207-0.

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In the mycotoxigenic oilseed pathogens Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives act as important developmental signals that affect asexual conidiospore, sexual ascospore and/or sclerotial development. To dissect the relationship between lipid metabolism and fungal development, an A. parasiticus Δ12-desaturase mutant that was unable to convert oleic acid to linoleic acid and was thus impaired in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis was generated. The Δ12-desaturase mutant demonstrates delayed spore germination, a twofold reduction in growth, a reduced level of conidiation and complete loss of sclerotial development, compared to the wild-type. Host colonization is impaired, as reflected by a decrease in conidial production on live peanut and corn seed by the mutant compared to the wild-type. Similarly, the previously isolated A. nidulans Δ12-desaturase mutant has reduced colonization capabilities compared to the wild-type. Therefore, desaturation mutants display a key requisite that affords a genetic solution to oilseed crop contamination by mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species: a reduction in the production of conidia, the infectious particle of the pathogenic aspergilli.
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40

Chang, Perng-Kuang, Leslie L. Scharfenstein, Noreen Mahoney, and Qing Kong. "Kojic Acid Gene Clusters and the Transcriptional Activation Mechanism of Aspergillus flavus KojR on Expression of Clustered Genes." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020259.

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Kojic acid (KA) is a fungal metabolite and has a variety of applications in the cosmetics and food industries. Aspergillus oryzae is a well-known producer of KA, and its KA biosynthesis gene cluster has been identified. In this study, we showed that nearly all section Flavi aspergilli except for A. avenaceus had complete KA gene clusters, and only one Penicillium species, P. nordicum, contained a partial KA gene cluster. Phylogenetic inference based on KA gene cluster sequences consistently grouped section Flavi aspergilli into clades as prior studies. The Zn(II)2Cys6 zinc cluster regulator KojR transcriptionally activated clustered genes of kojA and kojT in Aspergillus flavus. This was evidenced by the time-course expression of both genes in kojR-overexpressing strains whose kojR expression was driven by a heterologous Aspergillus nidulans gpdA promoter or a homologous A. flavus gpiA promoter. Using sequences from the kojA and kojT promoter regions of section Flavi aspergilli for motif analyses, we identified a consensus KojR-binding motif to be an 11-bp palindromic sequence of 5′-CGRCTWAGYCG-3′ (R = A/G, W = A/T, Y = C/T). A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene-targeting technique showed that the motif sequence, 5′-CGACTTTGCCG-3′, in the kojA promoter was critical for KA biosynthesis in A. flavus. Our findings may facilitate strain improvement and benefit future kojic acid production.
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Sutarman. "Identification of Several Aspergillus Isolates Candidates for Bio Fertilizer Agents Using Molecular Markers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1104, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1104/1/012026.

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Abstract This research is an activity to characterize and determine several types of soil-borne fungi based on the use of DNA sequences. This study aims to determine the species name and genealogy of four selected fungal isolates from the genus Aspergillus isolated from horticultural fields in Bumiaji, Batu, East Java. The identification of biocontrol agents begins with macroscopic and microscopic morphological observations, followed by DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction application using ITS 1 and ITS 4 primers. Sequencing is done using Sanger sequencing. The nucleotides generated from the sequencer machine (ABI 3730XL sequencer) were compared with the gene bank using the BLAST-NCBI program, and their relationships were analyzed using MEGA X software. The results showed that based on BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequences of Aspergilus spp. isolates 6, 7, 17, and 21 were compatible with Aspergillus tamarii with 100% Query Cover and 100% identical rate. These four Aspergillus isolates have the potential as bofertilizer agents and can be used for various industrial purposes.
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Bhetariya, P. J., J. Shankar, Y. Singh, T. Madan, A. Varma, S. F. Basir, and P. U. Sarma. "Multiplex PCR for Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 123, no. 2 (February 2009): S160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.603.

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43

Okumura, Yoshiyuki, Kenji Ogawa, and Toshiaki Nikai. "Elastase and elastase inhibitor from Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger." Journal of Medical Microbiology 53, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.05248-0.

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Elastolytic and elastase inhibitory activities were investigated for 13 strains of Aspergillus fumigatus, three strains of Aspergillus flavus and three strains of Aspergillus niger. Nine of the 13 strains of A. fumigatus and all strains of A. flavus demonstrated elastase activity (more than 1 unit ml−1). Six of the 13 strains of A. fumigatus and all strains of A. flavus expressed elastase inhibitory activity (more than 2 units ml−1). However, no elastase or elastase inhibitory activities were observed with A. niger. It was also found that crude elastase inhibitors from six strains of A. fumigatus and two strains of A. flavus were stable to heat treatment at 100 °C for 10 min. In addition, human leukocyte elastases were inhibited by crude elastase inhibitors from A. fumigatus and A. flavus; however, no effect was observed on the elastase derived from porcine pancreas.
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Juariah, Siti, and Febi Ramadhani. "UJI AKTIFITAS EKSTRAK METANOL BINTANG LAUT (Asterias forbesi) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Aspergillus sp. DAN Candida albicans SECARA In Vitro." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Laboratorium Medik 1, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52071/jstlm.v1i2.10.

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Masalah kesehatan sering menimbulkan berbagai macam penyakit, beberapa penyakit banyak disebabkan oleh makanan yang terkontaminasi oleh jamur patogen. Beraneka ragam obat saat ini banyak mempunyai efek samping yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Pengobatan secara alami yang tidak menimbulkan dampak yang buruk bagi kesehatan manusia merupakan solusi untuk mengurangi efek samping salah satu yang berasal dari laut yaitu bintang laut (Asterias forbesi). Metode yang digunakan yaitu experimental laboratory. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui zona hambat dan konsentrasi terbaik ekstrak metanol bintang laut (Asterias forbesi) terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Aspergillus sp. dan Candida albicans. Setelah dilakukan penelitian tentang uji efektifitas ekstrak metanol bintang laut (Asterias forbesi) terhadap pertumbuhan Aspergillus sp dan Candida albicans maka diperoleh bahwa ekstrak metanol Bintang Laut (Asterias forbesi) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Aspergilus sp. dan Candida albicans. Ekstrak metanol bintang laut 100% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Aspergilus sp. sebesar 0,88% dan Candida albicans sebesar 0,49%, ekstrak metanol 75% mampu menghasilkan diameter zona hambat sebesar 0,6% terhadap jamur Aspergilus sp dan 0,44% terhadap jamur Candida albicans. Pada konsentrasi 50% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Aspergilus sp sebesar 0,66% dan 0,42 pada jamur Candida albicans. Sedangkan pada konsentrasi terkecil yakni 25% menghasilkan kemampuan penghambatan yang lebih kecil yakni 64% dan 0,38% terhadap jamur Candida albicans.
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45

ZHANG, YI, TAO WANG, YUEHU PEI, HUIMING HUA, and BAOMIN FENG. "Aspergillin PZ, a Novel Isoindole-alkaloid from Aspergillus awamori." Journal of Antibiotics 55, no. 8 (2002): 693–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.55.693.

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46

Angoulvant, A., B. Wyplosz, P. Validire, A. Fregeville, R. Caliandro, D. Gossot, and J. B. Stern. "Aspergillose médiastinale à Aspergillus flavus chez une patiente immunocompétente." Journal de Mycologie Médicale 24, no. 1 (March 2014): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.01.016.

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47

Tsimikas, Hollingsworth, and Nash. "Aspergillus brain abscess complicating allergic Aspergillus sinusitis." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 94, no. 2 (August 1994): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ai.1994.v94.a52634.

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48

Manavathu, Elias K., Jessica L. Cutright, and Pranatharthi H. Chandrasekar. "Organism-Dependent Fungicidal Activities of Azoles." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 3018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.11.3018.

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ABSTRACT We investigated the antifungal activities of itraconazole and voriconazole on Aspergillus species by time kill studies, and the results were compared with those obtained forCandida species. Exposure of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia to varying concentrations (1.25 to 10 μg/ml) of itraconazole and voriconazole resulted in cellular death; the cytocidal effect was time and concentration dependent. In contrast, no killing of Candida albicans occurred in the presence of itraconazole and voriconazole at concentrations as high as 10 μg/ml, although candidal growth was inhibited compared to the drug-free control. Amphotericin B (1.25 to 10 μg/ml), on the other hand, killed both A. fumigatus and C. albicans. Similar results were obtained for non-A. fumigatus aspergilli and non-C. albicans Candida species. These observations indicate that both itraconazole and voriconazole are cytocidal agents for Aspergillus species but not for Candidaspecies, suggesting that azoles possess organism-dependent fungicidal activities.
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Géry, Antoine, Jean-Philippe Rioult, Natacha Heutte, Virginie Séguin, Julie Bonhomme, and David Garon. "First Characterization and Description of Aspergillus Series Versicolores in French Bioaerosols." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7080676.

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Air quality can be altered by fungal contaminants suspended in the air, forming bioaerosols. Aspergilli section Nidulantes series Versicolores are recurrent in bioaerosols and are mainly responsible for allergies and asthma aggravation. Phylogenetic studies recently identified 12 new species within this series. This study is the first to identify species of Aspergillus series Versicolores in French bioaerosols and to characterize them macroscopically, microscopically and molecularly. Bioaerosols were collected in a cancer treatment center, in contaminated homes and in agricultural environments. A total of 93 isolates were cultured on selective media, observed by optical microscopy and identified by benA amplification before sequencing. The field data (temperature and relative humidity) were statistically tested to explore the ecology of these species. Eight species were identified from bioaerosols: Aspergillus creber and A. jensenii, which represent more than 80% of the isolates, and A. protuberus, A. puulaauensis, A. sydowii, A. tabacinus, A. amoenus and A. fructus. Aspergilli series Versicolores are distributed differently depending on the sampling site and climatic determinants. Aspergillus protuberus was found in bioaerosols collected under significantly lower relative humidity (p = 3.899 × 10−4). Characterization and repartition of these isolates belonging to the Versicolores series constitute an important step to better assess exposure to fungal bioaerosols.
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Ali, U., M. U. Baffa, and Y. Shamsuddeen. "Physicochemical and functional characterization of chitosan prepared from Schistocerca gregaria (desert grasshopper) and the investigation of its antimicrobial activity." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i2.14.

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Chitosan a versatile bioploymer was prepared from Schistocerca gregaria (desert grasshopper). The physicochemical parameters associated with the prepared chitosan were analyzed. Percentage yields (25.23%), ash content (3.25%), moisture content (1.72%), fat binding capacity (399.91%), pH (6.7-7.0), solubility (2% acetic acid) and degree of deacetylation (97.68%) were all established. FTIR and surface morphology (via SEM) analyses were carried out on the prepared chitosan. The activity of the prepared chitosan was tested against two gram positive bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi), one gram negative bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus) and three fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergilus fumigatus) by agar well diffusion methods. The results revealed that the chitosan inhibited the growth of microbes in vitro.
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