Relevant bibliographies by topics / Asphalt Binder

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Asphalt Binder'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Asphalt Binder"

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Zare-Shahabadi, A., Ali Shokuhfar, and S. Ebrahimi-Nejad. "Microstructure and Properties of Nanoclay Reinforced Asphalt Binders." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.579.

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In this paper, sodium bentonite (BT) and organically modified sodium bentonite (OBT) are used to reinforce and modify asphalt binder. The microstructures of the reinforced asphalt binders are investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Two models for the microstructure of the BT and OBT modified asphalts are suggested considering the colloidal structure of the base asphalt binder. The physical properties of the modified asphalt binders were studied.
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Mohammadi, Iman, and Hadi Khabbaz. "Challenges Associated with Optimisation of Blending, Mixing and Compaction Temperature for Asphalt Mixture Modified with Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1837.

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The use of modified asphalt binders has become much more common over the past two decades. Many types of modifier have been used in paving asphalts to enhance the performance of asphalt pavements in a wide range of climates and loading conditions. Among various asphalts binder modifiers, the recycled crumb rubber has been used very successfully for many years. Generally in production of CRM binder, mixing and compaction temperature is determined by measuring of binder viscosity. The ordinary method used for viscosity measurement of unmodified binder leads to a very high Mixing and Compaction Temperature (MCT) for CRM binder. The aims of this paper are to identify, develop and give some recommendations on a reliable laboratory approach for blending of CRM with binder, as well as introducing appropriate laboratory test methods for optimisation of MCT of crumb rubber modified binder asphalt.
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Shi, Peng Cheng, Zhao Xing Xie, Wen Zhong Fan, Li Li Wang, and Ju Nan Shen. "Selecting Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) Additives by the Properties of WMA Binders." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.585.

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The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of WMA additives on the properties of WMA binders through a series of laboratory testing such as viscosity, penetration, ductility, and softening points on the binders. The experimental design included the use of three WMA additives of Sasobit, Rediset, and Evotherm at a recommended content of 2, 2 and 0.6% respectively, two base binder sources, and one modified binder sources. The properties of WMA binders were compared to those of original asphalts without the additives as controls. Results from this study showed that: (1) Three WMA additives of Sasobit, Evotherm and Rediset increased the dynamic viscosity (60°C) of asphalt binders; (2) The additives of Evotherm and Rediset reduced the kinematic viscosity (130°C) of tested WMA asphalt binders. Adding 2 % Sasobit did not affect the kinematic viscosity; (3) Adding 2 % Sasobit reduced the penetration of WMA asphalt binder obviously. The most reduced rate of penetration is 22.7 % for SK base asphalt binder; (4) The WMA additives increased the softening point of WMA asphalt binders, except for the case with 0.6 % Evotherm. The effect of adding 2% Sasobit on the softening point of asphalt binders is the most significant, while the effect of adding 0.6 % Evotherm is the least; (5) adding 0.6 % Evotherm increased the ductility of warm asphalt binders by 28.6 %, while adding 2 % Sasobit reduced the ductility of warm asphalt binders obviously.
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Zhang, Ran, Qingli Dai, Zhanping You, Hainian Wang, and Chao Peng. "Rheological Performance of Bio-Char Modified Asphalt with Different Particle Sizes." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 15, 2018): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091665.

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To improve the performance of petroleum asphalt, bio-char was used as a modifier for a petroleum asphalt binder, in this study. The rheological properties of bio-char modified asphalt binders were compared with different particle sizes and contents, with one control and one flake graphite modified asphalt binder. Specifically, the bio-char modifiers with two particle sizes (ranging from 75 μm–150 μm and less than 75 μm) and three contents of 2%, 4%, and 8% were added into the asphalt binder. A flake graphite powder with particle sizes less than 75 μm was used as a comparison modifier. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image showed the porous structure and rough surface of bio-char as well as dense structure and smooth surface of flake graphite. A Rotational Viscosity (RV) test, Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test, aging test, and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) test were performed to evaluate the properties of bio-char modified asphalt in this study. Both modifiers could improve the rotational viscosities of the asphalt binders. The porous structure and rough surface of bio-char lead to larger adhesion interaction in asphalt binder than the smooth flake graphite. As a result, the bio-char modified asphalts had better high-temperature rutting resistance and anti-aging properties than the graphite modified asphalt, especially for the binders with the smaller-sized and higher content of bio-char particles. Furthermore, the asphalt binder modified by the bio-char with sizes less than 75 μm and about 4% content could also achieve a better low-temperature crack resistance, in comparison to other modified asphalt binders. Thus, this type of bio-char particles is recommended as a favorable modifier for asphalt binder.
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Ma, Tao, Kai Yang, Rui Li, and Jiujian Shen. "Effect of Aging on the Rheological and Molecular Weight Distribution of Asphalt Binder Treated with Polyphosphoric Acid." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (August 16, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9992530.

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Asphalt binder behaves as a viscoelastic material and its inherit performance is dominated by rheological and chemical properties. Aging of asphalt binder is a prominent distress for long-term in-service asphalt pavement. In this work, the effect of aging on base asphalt modified by polyphosphoric acid (PPA) has been investigated. For the objective, virgin asphalt binder was modified by various dosages of PPA, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), and PPA/SBS compound modification. The short- and long-term aging processes were simulated by Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test (RTFOT) and Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) procedure. Rheological property of five aged modified binders was evaluated by the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Meanwhile, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was conducted to measure the molecular weight distribution and dispersion coefficient during the aging process. The high-temperature stiffness of PPA polymer binders is slightly higher than that of SBS and PPA/SBS compound modified asphalts. The aging ratio and molecular weight analysis verify the lower thermal-oxidative susceptibility of PPA/SBS compound modified asphalts. This study offers an understanding for the promotion and application of PPA modifier.
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Salim, Ramadan, Akshay Gundla, Ali Zalghout, B. Shane Underwood, and Kamil E. Kaloush. "Relationship between Asphalt Binder Parameters and Asphalt Mixture Rutting." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 6 (June 2019): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119842129.

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The selection and specification of asphalt binder is one of the factors that ultimately affect the long-term performance of asphalt pavements. Many agencies currently follow AASHTO M320 for their binder specifications, where the ratio of dynamic modulus to the sine of the phase angle, | G*|/sin δ, is the binder rutting parameter. However, an alternative now exists, AASHTO M332, which uses the non-recovered creep compliance, J nr , for this purpose. In this paper, the relative merits of these two parameters are compared using experimental results from 21 different asphalt mixtures from Arizona. The rutting parameters according to AASHTO M332 and M320 were determined for each of the binders in these mixtures and, for each mixture, two rutting performance tests were conducted: Hamburg wheel tracking test and repeated load permanent deformation test. The two binder rutting parameters demonstrated very high correlation to one another for non-polymer modified asphalts, but inconsistent correlation for polymer modified asphalts. Both Hamburg wheel tracking tests and repeated load permanent deformation tests showed positive correlations to both | G*|/sin δ and Jnr. It was concluded that, while both parameters showed good correlation, the Jnr of the binder relates better to mixture rutting than does | G*|/sin δ. Considering the results in this study, it is believed that Jnr is a slightly better rutting parameter for binder specifications.
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Skronka, Gabriel, Martin Jasso, and Otakar Vacin. "Determination of rutting distresses on hot mix asphalts by advanced techniques." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927603004.

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The sustainable use of non-renewable natural resources, such as asphalt binder, can be achieved by adequate planning. The proper assessment of asphalt binders is a prerequisite to the appropriate designing of road constructions that can eventually result in pavements in which the development of pavement distresses can be mitigated. Rutting is the most common distress occurring at high temperatures, which is frequently experienced by such countries as Indonesia; thus, the use of adequate asphalt binder in hot mix asphalt pavements results in long-lasting road constructions. By means of advanced techniques, e.g., multiple stress creep recovery test, conducted on a dynamic shear rheometer, it is possible to determine the rutting potential of asphalt binders. This technique, however, still seems to be imprecise at currently determined shear stress values. This paper aims to investigate on the example of ten different asphalt binders, if creep and recovery measured at higher shear stresses result in better correlation with rutting potential of hot mix asphalts than that at the standardized stress levels. Concurrently, other conventional asphalt binder properties (e.g., penetration, softening point, elastic recovery) are determined and compared with rutting.
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Bairgi, Biswajit K., Umme A. Mannan, and Rafiqul A. Tarefder. "Tribological Evaluation for an In-Depth Understanding of Improved Workability of Foamed Asphalt." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 4 (March 24, 2019): 533–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119835510.

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Asphalt binder acts as a lubricant between two aggregates during mixing and compaction. The frictional behavior of asphalt binder as a lubricant in an asphalt-aggregate system plays an important role in mixing and compaction (workability) of warm-mix asphalt (WMA). This study evaluates the frictional behavior of foamed WMA through tribological characterization using a ball-on-three-plates apparatus assembled inside a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The tribological test was conducted on six foamed asphalts with varying foaming water contents (FWCs) and on a controlled unfoamed asphalt binder at four different temperatures: 25°C, 60°C, 100°C, and 135°C. These binders were also characterized for rheological and chemical properties. Test results show that the foaming process alters the frictional resistance of the foamed asphalts; specifically, the foaming process reduces the coefficient of friction in elastohydrodynamic and hydrodynamic lubrication regimes. Reduced frictional resistance helps in the formation of a better coating during mixing and improves the sliding ability between aggregates during compaction at reduced temperature.
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Wang, Wenqi, Azuo Nili, Ali Rahman, and Xu Chen. "Effects of Wax Molecular Weight Distribution and Branching on Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Binders." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 4206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124206.

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Wax is an important factor that affects the durability of asphalt binder. In order to understand the molecular weight distribution and branching of wax on the moisture sensitivity of asphalt binder, pure wax-doped asphalt binders are prepared and the performance of model asphalt binders are evaluated by surface free-energy (SFE) and binder bond strength (BBS) tests. In addition, asphaltene is regarded as an additive in this study. The results show that the addition of eicosane, triacontane, squalane and asphaltene can reduce the moisture sensitivity of asphalt, but not necessarily improve its moisture-induced damage resistance. The physical hardening effect of high-wax asphalt and its model asphalt is stronger than that of the corresponding low-wax asphalt and its model asphalt, and its moisture sensitivity is weaker than that of the low-wax asphalt. For all the model asphalts, there is a good correlation between the cohesion work, cohesion POTS (pull-off tensile strength), POTS ratio (the BBS moisture sensitivity index) and ER (the SFE moisture sensitivity index). When using the BBS test to characterize the moisture sensitivity of high-wax asphalt, it is recommended to leave the sample for some time until it is physically hardened and stable.
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Jadidi, Kazem, Mehdi Khalili, and Moses Karakouzian. "Feasibility of Using Non-Destructive Ultrasound Measurement Technique to Evaluate Binder Content of Asphalt Mixtures." CivilEng 2, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2020022.

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The non-destructive ultrasound technique is an easy and inexpensive technique widely used in industry to evaluate the properties of engineering materials. Despite its popularity in industrial applications, such as evaluating steel materials, the ultrasound technique has not been thoroughly investigated for the purpose of characterizing asphalt materials in general, nor specifically determining the asphalt binder content of asphalt mixtures. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of utilizing measurements based on the non-destructive ultrasound technique to detect changes in the asphalt binder content in asphaltic mixture specimens. Two performance-grade binders, PG64-28 and PG76-22, and two rubber-modified binders were selected. The rubber-modified binders were produced by adding crumb rubber to the two performance-grade binders, PG64-28 and PG76-22, and were designated as PG64-28R and PG76-22R. The amount of crumb rubber added to these rubber-modified binders was 15% by weight of the PG64-28 and PG76-22 binders. The aggregate gradations for all of the asphalt mixtures were the same. The asphalt mixture specimens were used to obtain measurements for: (1) the ultrasound wave speed through the specimens; and (2) and the integrated response (IR) of the specimens. The results indicated that, generally, the ultrasound wave speed decreases with an increase in binder content. This is expected due to the binder’s attenuation and slowing effect on the wave speed. The results also indicated that, generally, the integrated response (IR) decreases with an increase in binder content. This can be explained by the fact that the increased binder content in asphalt mixture specimens increases their tendency to absorb more energy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Asphalt Binder"

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Al, Fuhaid Abdulrahman Fahad. "Biobased Epoxy Asphalt Binder (BEAB) for Pavement Asphalt Mixtures." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7599.

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In recent years, there have been significant concerns about environmental issues, sustainability of infrastructure, and depletion of nonrenewable resources for pavement construction. These concerns have led to substituting petroleum-based paving materials with their biobased counterparts. Research efforts have attempted to produce asphalt from renewable bio-resources. As a special modifier for asphalt, petroleum-based epoxy resin has been used in a few asphalt paving projects that require superior performance of asphalt mixtures. This study attempts to develop a biobased epoxy modifier for asphalt, which may improve asphalt performance at lower economic and environmental costs. Based on the findings from research in the chemistry industry, an epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and a biobased curing agent, maleic anhydride (MA), were selected to develop the epoxy modifier for asphalt. The proper proportions of ESO, MA, and a base asphalt (PG 67-22) were determined to achieve a homogenous biobased epoxy asphalt binder (BEAB) with the desired properties evaluated by a rotational viscosity test, a penetration test, and a dynamic shear rheometer test. Pavement performance related properties of asphalt mixtures using such a BEAB were also evaluated using a Marshall stability test. It was found that the optimum ratio of MA:ESO:Asphalt in the BEAB is 0.45:1:8, and the asphalt mixture containing such a binder has a higher Marshall stability and higher rutting and fatigue cracking resistance indicators than the mixture using a neat asphalt (PG 67-22). In addition, the BEAB with the optimum formula has a curing time (i.e., the time when the binder viscosity increases to 1 Pa·s) of at least 50 minutes, which is sufficient for construction of typical epoxy asphalt pavements.
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Gandhi, Tejash. "Effects of warm asphalt additives on asphalt binder and mixture properties." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1211388966/.

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Nallamothu, Sri Harsha. "Evaluation of binder grades on rutting performance." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3011.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 69 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-58).
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Sabahfar, Nassim. "Effect of asphalt rejuvenating agent on aged reclaimed asphalt pavement and binder properties." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32801.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Civil Engineering
Mustaque Hossain
Hot in-place recycling (HIR) preserves distressed asphalt pavements while minimizing use of virgin binder and aggregates. The final quality of an HIR mixture depends on characteristics of the original binder, aging of the pavement surface during service, and whether or not new binder or rejuvenator was added to the mixture. An HIR mixture should maintain desired properties for additional service periods, making asphalt binder modification inevitable. Asphalt binder modifications in HIR are commonly done by adding an asphalt rejuvenating agent (ARA). However, ARA may adversely affect the qualities of new HIR and potentially fail to improve the quality of the final surface. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of rejuvenation on HIR performance characteristics by assessing critical performance indicators such as stiffness, permanent deformation, moisture susceptibility, and cracking resistance. A two-step experimental program was designed that included mechanical property measurements of the HIR mixture and rheological properties of the extracted binder. The level of mixing occurring between new and aged binder with ARA was also investigated. HIR Samples were obtained from three Kansas Department of Transportation projects, and Hamburg wheel-tracking device, dynamic modulus, flow number, Texas overlay, thermal stress restrained specimen, and moisture susceptibility tests were conducted on mixtures with and without ARA. Rheological studies on the extracted binder included dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer tests. The miscibility of new and aged binder was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), and the exudation droplet test (EDT). Study results showed significant variability in the mechanical performance of HIR mixtures, which was attributed to the variability of binders as observed in EDT, SEM and EDXS studies. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) showed that HIR is an economic maintenance alternative for asphalt projects in Kansas. LCCA results exhibited that pavement design strategies with HIR activities will result in alternatives with lower net present values when compared to alternatives without HIR maintenance activities.
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Giompalo, Joseph A. "Permeability of hot mix asphalt concrete as affected by binder content." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10896.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2010.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 55 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-55).
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Wysong, Zachary D. "Development and comparison of the asphalt binder cracking device to directly measure thermal cracking potential of asphalts." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177094517.

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Dulaimi, A. F. D. "Development of a new cold binder course emulsion asphalt." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6733/.

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Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is the most commonly used material in the construction of asphalt pavements. Approximately 650 million tonnes of asphalts for road pavements were produced, worldwide, in 2014. However, the HMA industry is responsible for a substantial consumption of energy, the creation of health and safety issues and has a negative impact on the environment. These shortcomings initiated substantial discussion within the industry with the aim to develop more environmental friendly, sustainable and economic pavement materials. These have resulted in the development of cold bitumen emulsion mixtures (CBEMs). However, to date, low early life stiffness, a slower rate of curing, the length of time necessary to achieve full strength, high air void contents and the presence of moisture in these mixtures have prevented them from being fully embraced by pavement authorities. This led to them being considered inferior to HMA because of a lack of essential mechanical properties. Currently, the use of CBEMs in pavement construction is limited to low traffic road surface course, reinstatement works and footways. Because of this, the development of CBEMs with high early strength and minimal time delay requirements before structural loading, would be considered as a breakthrough in CBEM research. This research aims to develop a novel, fast-curing and environmentally friendly, cold binder course emulsion asphalt (CBCEA) for heavily trafficked roads. The new CBCEA mixture comprises the same gradation as conventional dense bitumen macadam (DBM) mixtures which are normally used as a binder course and base in road pavements in the UK. The new CBCEA incorporates a new cementitious material, alkali activated binary blended cement filler (ABBCF), made from Paper Making Sludge Ash (PMSA) and a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts Residue (FC3R) activated by a waste NaOH solution (W-NaOH). Incorporation of the PMSA and FC3R was achieved through the replacement of conventional limestone filler (LF), while W-NaOH replaced the pre-water necessary to wet the aggregate in the CBCEA. It was found that the glass phases of the new filler particles were broken and reacted with Ca(OH)2 creating C-S-H gel through the hydration process. This results in a very high early strength and improved mechanical properties. Balanced oxide compositions, within the new filler, were identified as responsible for an enhanced hydration reaction. A laboratory programme of testing measured the stiffness modulus, conducted at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90 and 180 days. Susceptibility to temperature, wheel track testing to establish rutting resistance, fatigue resistance measured by a four-point beam bending test, fracture resistance testing via semi-circular bending tests, moisture damage resistance and ageing tests were successfully performed. Advanced techniques for microstructure assessment, i.e. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were used to provide scientific data to provide a deeper understanding of the microstructure and internal composition. An environmental investigation was performed using a Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test. The new ABBCF mixture offers a significant improvement in stiffness modulus compared to HMA and the reference cold binder course mixture containing conventional limestone filler (LF). Target stiffness, according to British and European standards, can be surpassed after less than one day of curing. The new ABBCF mixture offers a stiffness modulus which is 27 times better than the LF mixture after 3 days. This will overcome restrictions caused by the length of time required to achieve acceptable stiffness by traditional CBEMs. More remarkably, the new ABBCF mixture is 78% better than mixtures treated with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in terms of ITSM after 3 days. Furthermore, the impact of a rise in temperature on stiffness modulus from 5 to 45°C, was much larger in LF and both HMA mixtures in comparison to ABBCF, revealing the potential to use these mixes in severe conditions, both hot and cold weathers. ABBCF mixtures displayed considerably reduced susceptibility to permanent deformation, demonstrating the potential advantage of using this material on heavily trafficked roads. Fatigue resistance was noticeably improved by the use of ABBCF in comparison to the reference LF and HMAs. Improved water sensitivity for progressive hydration with the new ABBCF was also established resulting in an enhanced long ageing performance meaning that these mixtures can be considered durable. SEM observation and XRD analysis confirmed the formation of hydration products at various curing times. The concentration of heavy metals in the samples incorporating ABBCF was observed to be less than the regulatory levels determined for hazardous materials. Microwave treatment has proven to be an effective technique to reduce the air void contents of the ABBCF mixture and achieve acceptable levels of porosity. Finally, achieving the aim of the current research will theoretically increase the application of such mixtures and allow them to be used as structural pavement materials. On a further positive note, the inclusion of waste and by-product materials in CBEMs results in more sustainable practice and eliminates disposal problems.
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Burger, A. F. "Rheology of polymer modified binders : a comparative study of three binders and three binder/filler systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52438.

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Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of polymer modified binders have increased drastically over the past twenty years. It is generally accepted that current empirical specification tests do not adequately characterise the improvement in binder properties when bitumen is modified with polymers. At the University of Stellenbosch, a programme was initiated to relate binder properties to asphalt mix performance. This study forms part of that programme. This study focuses on three binders and is an attempt to characterise binder properties fundamentally. The binders that were tested are: • 60/70 penetration grade bitumen • SBS modified 60/70 bitumen • Bitumen-Rubber Two rheometers were used to characterise the binder properties: • Sliding Plate Rheometer (SPR) • Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) The Sliding Plate Rheometer was modified to allow testing at elevated temperatures. The modification is described in this thesis. Three types of testing were used to test the binders: • Creep tests (SPR and DSR) • Dynamic tests (Strain and Frequency Sweeps - DSR) • Flow tests (high temperature viscosity tests - DSR) The results of the tests were used to characterise differences between the binders. Shear susceptibility lines were plotted and viscosities calculated from the creep test results; Master Curves and Black Diagrams were plotted from frequency sweep results; flow test results were used to characterise high temperature behaviour. A further development in the asphalt industry is the move towards the development of performance based specifications. A programme has been initiated in this regard and this study forms part of the programme. As a step towards the development of performance based specifications filler was included in this study. BinderlFiller systems were subjected to the same test programme the binders were, to characterise the influence on binder properties of filler addition. Some of the conclusions that were drawn at the end of the study are: • Polymer modification improves binder properties related to rutting. • Filler addition does not affect binder properties negatively. • Shear rate is very important during production of asphalt mixes and construction of asphalt layers containing polymer modified binders.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van polimeer gemodifiseerde bitumen het drasties toegeneem oor die afgelope twintig jaar. Dit word algemeen aanvaar dat die huidige empiriese spesifikasie toetse nie die verbetering in bindmiddeleienskappe van polimeer modifisering aanvaarbaar karakteriseer nie. 'n Program is geïnisieer by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch om 'n verband te vind tussen bindmiddeleienskappe en asfaltmengseleienskappe. Hierdie studie vorm deel van die program. Hierdie werk fokus op drie bindmiddels en is 'n poging om die bindmiddeleienskappe fundamenteel te karakteriseer. Die bindmiddels wat gebruik is in hierdie werk, is: • 60/70 penetrasiegraad bitumen • SBS gemodifiseerde 60/70 bittimen • Bitumen-Rubber Twee reometers is gebruik om bindmiddeleienskappe te karakteriseer: • Glyplaat Reometer (SPR) • Dinamiese SkuifReometer (DSR) Die glyplaat reometer is aangepas om toetse by hoër temperature te doen en die aanpassing wat gemaak is word in die tesis beskryf. Drie tipes toetse is uitgevoer om die bindmiddels mee te toets: • Kruiptoetse (SPR en DSR) • Dinamiese toetse (DSR) • Vloei toetse (DSR) Die resultate van die toetse is gebruik om die verksille tussen die bindmiddels te kwalifiseer. Verskillende grafieke en figure is getrek van die resultate om die onderskeie bindmiddels te karakteriseer. Die beweging weg van empmese spesifikasies na werkverrigting gebaseerde spesifikasies in die asfalt industrie is 'n verder nuwe ontwikkeling. 'n Program is geïnisïeer ten opsigte hiervan en hierdie werk vorm deel van die program. As 'n stap in die ontwikkeling van die werkverrigting gebaseerde spesifikasies is 'n vuIler ingesluit in die toetsprogram. Bindmiddel/vuIler stelsels is onderwerp aan dieselfde toetse waaraan die bindmiddels onderwerp is om die invloed van die vuIler op die bindmiddels te karakteriseer. Sommige van die gevolgtrekkings waartoe gekom is aan die einde van die tesis, is: • Polimeer modifisering verbeter bindmiddeleienskappe met betrekking tot wielsporing. • Die toevoeging van vuIler affekteer nie die bindmiddeleienskappe negatiefnie. • Die vervormingstempo is van groot belang wanneer asfaltmengsels gemeng en lae gebou word van mengsels wat polimeer gemodifiseerde bitumen bevat.
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Hou, Yue. "Computational Analysis of Asphalt Binder based on Phase Field Method." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47783.

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The mechanical performance evaluation of asphalt binder has always been a challenging issue for pavement engineers. Recently, the Phase Field Method (PFM) has emerged as a powerful computational tool to simulate the microstructure evolution of asphalt binder. PFM analyzes the structure from the free energy aspect and can provide a view of the whole microstructure evolution process. In this dissertation, asphalt binder performance is analyzed by PFM in three aspects: first, the relationship between asphalt chemistry and performance is investigated. The components of asphalt are simplified to three: asphaltene, resin and oil. Simulation results show that phase separation will occur under certain thermal conditions and result in an uneven distribution of residual thermal stress. Second, asphalt cracking is analyzed by PFM. The traditional approach to analyze crack propagation is Classic Fracture Mechanics first proposed by Griffith, which needs to clearly depict the crack front conditions and may cause complex cracking topologies. PFM describes the microstructure using a phase-field variable which assumes positive one in the intact solid and negative one in the crack void. The fracture toughness is modeled as the surface energy stored in the diffuse interface between the intact solid and crack void. To account for the growth of cracks, a non-conserved Allen-Cahn equation is adopted to evolve the phase-field variable. The energy based formulation of the phase-field method handles the competition between the growth of surface energy and release of elastic energy in a natural way: the crack propagation is a result of the energy minimization in the direction of the steepest descent. Both the linear elasticity and phase-field equation are solved in a unified finite element frame work, which is implemented in the commercial software COMSOL. Different crack mode simulations are performed for validation. It was discovered that the onset of crack propagation agrees very well with the Griffith criterion and experimental results. Third, asphalt self-healing phenomenon is studied based on the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) technology. The self-healing mechanism is simulated in two ways: thermodynamic approach and mechanical approach. Cahn-Hilliard dynamics and Allen-Cahn dynamics are adopted, respectively.
Ph. D.
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Pumphrey, Michael E. "Evaluation of performance graded asphalt binder equipment and testing protocol." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3178.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 106 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-105).
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Books on the topic "Asphalt Binder"

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Institute, Asphalt. Asphalt binder testing: Technician's manual for specification testing of asphalt binders. 3rd ed. [Lexington, Ky.?]: Asphalt Institute, 2012.

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Shuler, Scott. Asphalt-rubber binder laboratory performance. College Station, Tex: Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University, 1985.

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Leahy, R. B. Superpave binder implementation: Final report. Salem, Or: Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Research Unit, 1999.

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United States. Federal Highway Administration. and Asphalt Institute, eds. Background of SUPERPAVE asphalt binder test methods. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1994.

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Jung, D. H. Low-temperature cracking: Binder validation. Washington, DC: Strategic Highway Research Program, 1994.

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Bonaquist, Ramon, Jeramie J. Adams, and David A. Anderson. Asphalt Binder Aging Methods to Accurately Reflect Mixture Aging. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/26089.

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Bahia, Hussain U. Investigation of modified asphalt performance using SHRP binder specification. Madison, WI: Wisconsin Dept. of Transportation, Division of Transportation Infrastructure Development, Bureau of Highway Construction, Pavements Section, 1997.

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S, Mogawer Walaa, Romero Pedro, and Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, eds. Validation of the superpave asphalt binder fatigue cracking parameter using an accelerated loading facility. McLean, Va: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Research, Development, and Technology, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 2002.

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Stuart, Kevin D. Validation of the superpave asphalt binder fatigue cracking parameter using an accelerated loading facility. McLean, VA: Office of Infrastructure Research and Development, Federal Highway Administration, 2002.

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Allison, R. E. Rubber asphalt binder, "stress absorbing membrane interlayer": Final evaluation report. [Olympia, WA]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, Planning, Research and Public Transportation Division in cooperation with the U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Asphalt Binder"

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Polacco, Giovanni, Sara Filippi, Massimo Paci, and Filippo Merusi. "Nanoclays as Asphalt-Binder Modifiers." In Handbook of Polymernanocomposites. Processing, Performance and Application, 223–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38649-7_21.

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Mills-Beale, Julian, and Zhanping You. "Nanoclay-Modified Asphalt Binder Systems." In Nanotechnology in Civil Infrastructure, 257–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16657-0_10.

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Büchner, Johannes, Michael P. Wistuba, and Thilo Hilmer. "Creep Properties of Asphalt Binder, Asphalt Mastic and Asphalt Mixture." In RILEM Bookseries, 513–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46455-4_65.

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Samsudin, Mohamad Saifullah, Khairil Azman Masri, Ahmad Kamil Arshad, and Juraidah Ahmad. "Physical Properties of Nanomodified Asphalt Binder." In InCIEC 2015, 935–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0155-0_78.

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Porot, Laurent, Erica Jellema, and David Bell. "Long Lasting Asphalt Materials with Highly Modified Asphaltic Binder." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 517–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48679-2_49.

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Seitllari, A., M. Ghazavi, and M. E. Kutay. "Effects of Binder Modification on Rutting Performance of Asphalt Binders." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 607–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48679-2_57.

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Sihombing, Atmy Verani Rouly, Bambang Sugeng Subagio, Eri Susanto Hariyadi, and Anwar Yamin. "Mechanical Properties of Bio-Asphalt on Recycled Asphalt Pavement Binder." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 529–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48679-2_50.

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Suresha, S. N., and V. Hemanth Kumar*. "Characterization of asphalt binder using tackiness properties." In Green and Intelligent Technologies for Sustainable and Smart Asphalt Pavements, 62–66. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003251125-11.

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Dave, Eshan V., Chelsea Hoplin, and Benjamin Helmer. "Cracking Performance of Lower Asphalt Binder Coarse Hot Mix Asphalt Mixes." In RILEM Bookseries, 261–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0867-6_37.

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Masri, Khairil Azman, Ahmad Kamil Arshad, Juraidah Ahmad, and Mohamad Saifullah Samsudin. "Abrasion Loss and Binder Draindown of Porous Asphalt with Nanosilica-Modified Binder." In InCIEC 2015, 907–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0155-0_76.

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Conference papers on the topic "Asphalt Binder"

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Faisal, Hasan M., Zafrul Hakim Khan, and Rafiqul Tarefder. "Nano-Scale Binder Phase Identification in Asphalt Concrete." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71762.

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Asphalt concrete (AC) consists of asphalt binder and aggregate. Aggregate consists of: coarse aggregate and fines. Asphalt binder creates a coating or film around the aggregate, which is defined as the binder phase of AC. Fines are believed to be trapped inside an asphalt film or mixed with asphalt binder, creating a composite material called mastic. Thus, AC has three phases: mastic, asphalt film binder, and coarse aggregate. All these phases play major roles in performance of AC. Researchers have performed various tests on asphalt binder at micro scale to understand the macro scale behavior of AC. However, test methods developed and performed on binders, to this day, are mostly rheological shear and bending beam tests. No studies have been conducted on the compression stiffness or modulus and hardness of and binder, rather than shear and binders stiffness. In addition, the existing tests used in the asphalt area cannot be performed on binder and mastic while they are an integral part of AC. Nanoindentation tests can be performed on aggregate and asphalt binder while they are integral parts of AC. Because, in nanoindentation test, a nanometer size tip, which is smaller than binder film thickness as well as other phases. In the study, Performance Grade (PG) 64–28 was used for the study, same binder had been used afterwards to characterize asphalt and AC. A loading rate of 0.005 mN/sec, a dwell time of 200 sec and a maximum load 0.055 mN were employed in the study. In the current study 20 indentations were done on the asphalt binder sample and 100 indentations were done on AC sample, due to heterogeneity of the sample. However, to identify a specific phase in AC sample, the current study adopts the depth range technique for as same loading protocol. The depth rage of binder phase was acquired by independent indentation on same asphalt binder sample. As, asphalt is known to be a viscoelastic material that exhibits creep behavior, the creep compliance of asphalt binder was used for validation of the depth range assumption. The validation of phase identification was done by comparing the asphalt binder phase creep response while they are integral part of AC with creep response of independent asphalt binder sample under nanoindenter. The comparison shows depth resolution technique can successfully identify the binder phase of AC.
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Hossain, Mohammad, A. S. M. Atiqur Rahim Khan, Hasan Faisal, and Rafiqul Tarefder. "Finite Element and Mechanical Modeling of Fatigue Behavior of Partial Vapor-Conditioned Viscoelastic Material." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51147.

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Past studies have shown that vapor conditioning to 100% Relative Humidity (RH) reduces the fatigue life of viscoelastic materials such as asphalt binder. However, it is not known how partial vapor conditions such as RH 25%, 49%, and 71% affect asphalt binder’s fatigue behavior. In addition, it is unknown which viscoelastic material parameter (i.e. viscus or elastic parameter) is responsible for damage in asphalt binder or Asphalt Concrete (AC) in general and what steps can be taken to reduce fatigue damage. In this study, films of asphalt binders were prepared and partially vapor-conditioned in enclosed chambers containing potassium acetate (25% RH), potassium carbonate (49% RH), and sodium chloride solutions (71% RH). Creep nanoindentation tests were performed on the vapor-conditioned asphalt film samples. The nano-creep test data are fitted using Burgers models. The Burgers model shows that elasticity increases and viscosity decreases as RH% increases. To this end, a Finite Element Method (FEM) model is developed in ABAQUS to examine the fatigue performance of the asphalt binder at 49% vapor-conditioned only. Using the spring and dashpot elements of Burgers model as FEM inputs, simulations are run. Results indicate that an increase in binder viscosity would reduce permanent deformation in the viscoelastic material.
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Tarefder, Rafiqul A., and Hasan M. Faisal. "Nanomechanical Characterization Of Asphalt Binder." In The Seventh International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-5354-2_m-61-456.

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Bairgi, Biswajit Kumar, and Rafiqul Tarefder. "Analysis of Foaming Properties of Asphalt Binder Through a Laser Based Non-Contact Method." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71228.

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Water injected foamed asphalt application in warm mix asphalt (WMA) accounts for more than 90% of all WMA technologies in past several years in the United States (US). Among different asphalt foaming variables: foaming temperatures, foaming water content (FWC), and air pressure are the major controlling factors of foamed asphalt binder characteristics. Foaming induced binder volume expansion and durability of the expanded volume are two contributing factors of foamed asphalt binder properties and foamed mixtures workability. This study evaluates the effect of FWC on foamed asphalt binder properties through a non-contact method. A laser distance meter has been utilized to record the foaming induced binder volume expansion and subsequent foamed bubbles collapse rate. Recently developed four foaming parameters such as expansion ratio (ER), half-life (HL), foaming index (FI), and stability of semis-table foamed binder bubbles (k-values) have been evaluated to characterize foamed asphalt binder. It is seen that addition of higher FWC results in a higher expansion and durability of overall foamed bubbles. Foaming parameter analysis also shows that semi-stable foamed bubbles durability is fairly constant in higher FWCs. Foamed binder rheology is also found to be correlated with FWCs.
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Rowe, Geoffrey. "Asphalt Binder Properties and Airfield Pavement Cracking." In International Conference on Highway Pavements and Airfield Technology 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480939.016.

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Khattak, Mohammad J., Ahmed Khattab, and Hashim R. Rizvi. "Mechanistic Characteristics of Asphalt Binder and Asphalt Matrix Modified with Nano-Fibers." In Geo-Frontiers Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41165(397)492.

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Stefunkova, Silvia. "INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL ADDITIVES ON ASPHALT BINDER PROPERTIES." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/41/s19.062.

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Jia, Xiaoyang, Lihan Li, and Qingnan Meng. "Evaluation of Asphalt Binder with Flame Retardant Additives." In GeoHunan International Conference 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/47634(413)5.

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Yajun Liang and Zhihong Xu. "Low temperature performance evaluation of hard asphalt binder." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987673.

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Rahman, A. S. M. Asifur, and Rafiqul A. Tarefder. "Effect of Fineness Modulus and Uniformity Coefficient on the Complex Modulus Function of Asphalt Concrete." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72268.

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Different material attributes such as mix volumetrics, aggregate gradations, and binder characteristics are the factors affecting viscoelastic material functions of asphalt concrete. In this study, the effects of aggregate gradation on the complex modulus function of asphalt concrete are determined. The two distinct properties of the aggregate blend considered in this study are the fineness modulus and the uniformity coefficient. A total of 54, plant produced, asphalt concrete mixtures with asphalt binders having various performance grades and sources were collected from the manufacturing plants. The asphalt-aggregate mixtures were then compacted, cored, and sawed to cylindrical specimens. Three cylindrical specimens from each of the asphalt-aggregate mixtures were prepared and tested in the laboratory for complex or dynamic modulus. After that, average mastercurves of complex modulus and phase angle were generated by applying time-temperature superposition principle. Study showed that the complex modulus function of asphalt concrete is significantly related to the fineness modulus and uniformity coefficient of the aggregate blends used in the asphalt-aggregate mixture.
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Reports on the topic "Asphalt Binder"

1

Moghtadernejad, Sara, Ehsan Barjasteh, Ren Nagata, and Haia Malabeh. Enhancement of Asphalt Performance by Graphene-Based Bitumen Nanocomposites. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1918.

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As the State of California continues to grow, demand for enhanced infrastructure such as roadways and highways escalates. In view of the current average highway lifespan of 15–20 years, the improvement of asphalt binders leads to material sustainability by decreasing required maintenance and increasing the lifespan of roadways. In the present investigation, enhancement of asphalt binder properties was achieved by different methods of mixing varying compositions of graphene nanoparticles with an SBS polymer and asphalt binder. Additionally, experimental evaluation and comparison of the rheological and mechanical properties of each specimen is presented. Graphene nanoparticles have attracted great curiosity in the field of highway materials due to their incredible rigidity, even in small quantities. Addition of as little as 1.0%nanoparticles in combination with polymers in an asphalt binder is expected to increase the rigidity of the material while also maintaining the beneficial polymer characteristics. Evaluation of the effect of the mixing design established that the methods for application of graphene to the polymer-modified asphalt binder are critical in the improvement of a roadway, resulting in resistance to premature aging and strain from constant road operation.
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Singhvi, Punit, Javier García Mainieri, Hasan Ozer, and Brajendra Sharma. Rheology-Chemical Based Procedure to Evaluate Additives/Modifiers Used in Asphalt Binders for Performance Enhancements: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-020.

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The increased use of softer binders in Illinois over the past decade is primarily attributed to the increased use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement construction. The shift in demand of using PG 58-28 over PG 64-22 has resulted in potential alternative methods to produce softer binders more economically using proprietary products. However, there are challenges in using these proprietary products for asphalt modification because of uncertainty in their long-term performance and significant variability in binder chemistry. The current SuperPave performance grading specification for asphalt binders is insufficient in differentiating binders produced from these modifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of various softener-type asphalt binder modifiers using a wide array of rheological and chemistry tests for their integration into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s material specifications. The small-strain rheological tests and their parameters allowed for consistent grouping of modified binders and can be used as surrogates to identify performing and nonperforming asphalt binders. A new parameter, Δ|G*|peak τ, was developed from the linear amplitude sweep test and showed potential to discriminate binders based on their large-strain behavior. Chemistry-based parameters were shown to track aging and formulation changes. The modifier sources were identified using fingerprint testing and were manifested in the modified binder chemical and compositional characteristics. The two sources of base binders blended with the modifiers governed the aging rate of the modified binders. Mixture performance testing using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test and the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test were consistent with the rheological and chemical findings, except for the glycol amine-based modified binder, which showed the worst cracking performance with the lowest flexibility index among the studied modifiers. This was contrary to its superior rheological performance, which may be attributed to lower thermal stability, resulting in high mass loss during mixing. According to the characterization of field-aged binders, laboratory aging of two pressurized aging vessel cycles or more may represent realistic field aging of 10 to 15 years at the pavement surface and is able to distinguish modified binders. Therefore, an extended aging method of two pressurized aging vessel cycles was recommended for modified binders. Two different testing suites were recommended for product approval protocol with preliminary thresholds for acceptable performance validated with field-aged data.
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Zeng, Yongdong, and C. Lovell. Using Pyrolized Carbon Black (PCB) from Waste Tires in Asphalt Pavement (Part 2, Asphalt Binder). West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313346.

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Montoya, Miguel A., Daniela Betancourt-Jiminez, Mohammad Notani, Reyhaneh Rahbar-Rastegar, Jeffrey P. Youngblood, Carlos J. Martinez, and John E. Haddock. Environmentally Tuning Asphalt Pavements Using Phase Change Materials. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317369.

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Environmental conditions are considered an important factor influencing asphalt pavement performance. The addition of modifiers, both to the asphalt binder and the asphalt mixture, has attracted considerable attention in potentially alleviating environmentally induced pavement performance issues. Although many solutions have been developed, and some deployed, many asphalt pavements continue to prematurely fail due to environmental loading. The research reported herein investigates the synthetization and characterization of biobased Phase Change Materials (PCMs) and inclusion of Microencapsulated PCM (μPCM) in asphalt binders and mixtures to help reduce environmental damage to asphalt pavements. In general, PCM substances are formulated to absorb and release thermal energy as the material liquify and solidify, depending on pavement temperature. As a result, PCMs can provide asphalt pavements with thermal energy storage capacities to reduce the impacts of drastic ambient temperature scenarios and minimize the appearance of critical temperatures within the pavement structure. By modifying asphalt pavement materials with PCMs, it may be possible to "tune" the pavement to the environment.
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Ali, Ayman, Ahmed Saidi, Yusef Mehta, Christopher DeCarlo, Mohamed Elshear, Benjamin Cox, and Wade Lein. Development and validation of a balanced mix design approach for CIR mixtures using full-scale testing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45704.

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The main goal of this study was to improve the performance of cold in-place recycling (CIR) mixtures by using a balanced mix design (BMD) approach. This study involved preparing and testing CIR mixtures in the lab at varying contents of bituminous additives and constant content of 1% ce-ment and 3% water. Eight combinations of CIR mixtures were produced for this study using two binders (emulsion and foamed asphalt), compaction efforts (30 and 70 gyrations), and curing processes (72 hours at 140°F and 50°F). Results showed that asphalt pavement analyzer, semicircular bend, and indirect tensile strength tests presented the highest correlation with the change of binder contents. The study successfully used the developed BMD for designing CIR mixtures and selecting their optimum binder contents. It then used three balanced CIR mixtures to construct full-scale pavement sections to validate the BMD approach in the field. A heavy vehicle simulator was used to apply different accelerated loadings on each section. Results showed that the CIR section with 2% binder presented the best rutting performance under truck loading and the highest rutting susceptibility under aircraft loading. Conversely, the CIR section with 3% binder presented the highest cracking resistance under both truck and aircraft loading.
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Lee, Jusang, John E. Haddock, Dario D. Batioja Alvarez, and Reyhaneh Rahbar Rastegar. Quality Control and Quality Assurance of Asphalt Mixtures Using Laboratory Rutting and Cracking Tests. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317087.

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The main objectives of this project were to review the available balanced-mix design (BMD) methodologies, understand the I-FIT and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT) test methods using INDOT asphalt mixtures, and to explore the application of these tests to both a BMD approach and as performance-related Quality Control (QC) and Quality Acceptance (QA) methods. Two QA mixture specimen types, plant-mixed laboratory-compacted (PMLC) and plant-mixed field-compacted (PMFC) were used in the determination of cracking and rutting parameters. Distribution functions for the flexibility index (FI) values and rutting parameters were determined for various mixture types. The effects of specimen geometry and air voids contents on the calculated Flexibility Index (FI) and rutting parameters were investigated. The fatigue characteristics of selected asphalt mixtures were determined using the S-VECD test according to different FI levels for different conditions. A typical full-depth pavement section was implemented in FlexPAVE to explore the cracking characteristics of INDOT asphalt mixtures by investigating the relationship between the FI values of QA samples with the FlexPAVE pavement performance predictions. The FI values obtained from PMFC specimens were consistently higher than their corresponding PMLC specimens. This study also found that FI values were affected significantly by variations in specimen thickness and air voids contents, having higher FI values with higher air voids contents and thinner specimens. These observations do not agree with the general material-performance expectations that better cracking resistance is achieved with lower air voids content and thicker layers. Additionally, PG 70-22 mixtures show the lowest mean FI values followed by the PG 76-22 and 64-22 mixtures. The same order was observed from the ΔTc (asphalt binder cracking index) of INDOT’s 2017 and 2018 projects. Finally, it was found that the HWTT showed reasonable sensitivity to the different characteristics (e.g., aggregate sizes, binder types, and air voids contents) of asphalt mixtures. Mixtures containing modified asphalt binders showed better rut resistance and higher Rutting Resistance Index (RRI) than those containing unmodified binders.
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Kowalski, Karol, Rebecca McDaniel, and Jan Olek. Determining of the Binder Content of Hot Mix Asphalt Containing Dolomitic Aggregates Using the Ignition Oven. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314259.

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Behnood, Ali, Rebecca McDaniel, Ayesha Shah, and Jan Olek. Analysis of the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Asphalt Binder Test and Specifications for Use in Indiana. Purdue University, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316330.

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Haddock, John E., Reyhaneh Rahbar-Rastegar, M. Reza Pouranian, Miguel Montoya, and Harsh Patel. Implementing the Superpave 5 Asphalt Mixture Design Method in Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317127.

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Recent research developments have indicated that asphalt mixture durability and pavement life can be increased by modifying the Superpave asphalt mixture design method to achieve an in-place density of 95%, approximately 2% higher than the density requirements of conventionally designed Superpave mixtures. Doing so requires increasing the design air voids content to 5% and making changes to the mixture aggregate gradation so that effective binder content is not lowered. After successful laboratory testing of this modified mixture design method, known as Superpave 5, two controlled field trials and one full scale demonstration project, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) let 12 trial projects across the six INDOT districts based on the design method. The Purdue University research team was tasked with observing the implementation of the Superpave 5 mixture design method, documenting the construction and completing an in-depth analysis of the quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) data obtained from the projects. QC and QA data for each construction project were examined using various statistical metrics to determine construction performance with respect to INDOT Superpave 5 specifications. The data indicate that, on average, the contractors achieved 5% laboratory air voids, which coincides with the Superpave 5 recommendation of 5%. However, on average, the as-constructed mat density of 93.8% is roughly 1% less than the INDOT Superpave 5 specification. It is recommended that INDOT monitor performance of the Superpave 5 mixtures and implement some type of additional training for contractor personnel, in order to help them increase their understanding of Superpave 5 concepts and how best to implement the design method in their operation.
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Tang, Yalan, and John Haddock. Investigation of the Performance of Neat and Modified Asphalt Binders. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313381.

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