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Al, Fuhaid Abdulrahman Fahad. "Biobased Epoxy Asphalt Binder (BEAB) for Pavement Asphalt Mixtures." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7599.
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In recent years, there have been significant concerns about environmental issues, sustainability of infrastructure, and depletion of nonrenewable resources for pavement construction. These concerns have led to substituting petroleum-based paving materials with their biobased counterparts. Research efforts have attempted to produce asphalt from renewable bio-resources. As a special modifier for asphalt, petroleum-based epoxy resin has been used in a few asphalt paving projects that require superior performance of asphalt mixtures. This study attempts to develop a biobased epoxy modifier for asphalt, which may improve asphalt performance at lower economic and environmental costs. Based on the findings from research in the chemistry industry, an epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and a biobased curing agent, maleic anhydride (MA), were selected to develop the epoxy modifier for asphalt. The proper proportions of ESO, MA, and a base asphalt (PG 67-22) were determined to achieve a homogenous biobased epoxy asphalt binder (BEAB) with the desired properties evaluated by a rotational viscosity test, a penetration test, and a dynamic shear rheometer test. Pavement performance related properties of asphalt mixtures using such a BEAB were also evaluated using a Marshall stability test. It was found that the optimum ratio of MA:ESO:Asphalt in the BEAB is 0.45:1:8, and the asphalt mixture containing such a binder has a higher Marshall stability and higher rutting and fatigue cracking resistance indicators than the mixture using a neat asphalt (PG 67-22). In addition, the BEAB with the optimum formula has a curing time (i.e., the time when the binder viscosity increases to 1 Pa·s) of at least 50 minutes, which is sufficient for construction of typical epoxy asphalt pavements.
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Gandhi, Tejash. "Effects of warm asphalt additives on asphalt binder and mixture properties." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1211388966/.
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Nallamothu, Sri Harsha. "Evaluation of binder grades on rutting performance." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3011.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 69 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-58).
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Sabahfar, Nassim. "Effect of asphalt rejuvenating agent on aged reclaimed asphalt pavement and binder properties." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32801.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Civil Engineering
Mustaque Hossain
Hot in-place recycling (HIR) preserves distressed asphalt pavements while minimizing use of virgin binder and aggregates. The final quality of an HIR mixture depends on characteristics of the original binder, aging of the pavement surface during service, and whether or not new binder or rejuvenator was added to the mixture. An HIR mixture should maintain desired properties for additional service periods, making asphalt binder modification inevitable. Asphalt binder modifications in HIR are commonly done by adding an asphalt rejuvenating agent (ARA). However, ARA may adversely affect the qualities of new HIR and potentially fail to improve the quality of the final surface. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of rejuvenation on HIR performance characteristics by assessing critical performance indicators such as stiffness, permanent deformation, moisture susceptibility, and cracking resistance. A two-step experimental program was designed that included mechanical property measurements of the HIR mixture and rheological properties of the extracted binder. The level of mixing occurring between new and aged binder with ARA was also investigated. HIR Samples were obtained from three Kansas Department of Transportation projects, and Hamburg wheel-tracking device, dynamic modulus, flow number, Texas overlay, thermal stress restrained specimen, and moisture susceptibility tests were conducted on mixtures with and without ARA. Rheological studies on the extracted binder included dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer tests. The miscibility of new and aged binder was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), and the exudation droplet test (EDT). Study results showed significant variability in the mechanical performance of HIR mixtures, which was attributed to the variability of binders as observed in EDT, SEM and EDXS studies. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) showed that HIR is an economic maintenance alternative for asphalt projects in Kansas. LCCA results exhibited that pavement design strategies with HIR activities will result in alternatives with lower net present values when compared to alternatives without HIR maintenance activities.
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Giompalo, Joseph A. "Permeability of hot mix asphalt concrete as affected by binder content." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10896.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2010.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 55 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-55).
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Wysong, Zachary D. "Development and comparison of the asphalt binder cracking device to directly measure thermal cracking potential of asphalts." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177094517.
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Dulaimi, A. F. D. "Development of a new cold binder course emulsion asphalt." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6733/.
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Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is the most commonly used material in the construction of asphalt pavements. Approximately 650 million tonnes of asphalts for road pavements were produced, worldwide, in 2014. However, the HMA industry is responsible for a substantial consumption of energy, the creation of health and safety issues and has a negative impact on the environment. These shortcomings initiated substantial discussion within the industry with the aim to develop more environmental friendly, sustainable and economic pavement materials. These have resulted in the development of cold bitumen emulsion mixtures (CBEMs). However, to date, low early life stiffness, a slower rate of curing, the length of time necessary to achieve full strength, high air void contents and the presence of moisture in these mixtures have prevented them from being fully embraced by pavement authorities. This led to them being considered inferior to HMA because of a lack of essential mechanical properties. Currently, the use of CBEMs in pavement construction is limited to low traffic road surface course, reinstatement works and footways. Because of this, the development of CBEMs with high early strength and minimal time delay requirements before structural loading, would be considered as a breakthrough in CBEM research. This research aims to develop a novel, fast-curing and environmentally friendly, cold binder course emulsion asphalt (CBCEA) for heavily trafficked roads. The new CBCEA mixture comprises the same gradation as conventional dense bitumen macadam (DBM) mixtures which are normally used as a binder course and base in road pavements in the UK. The new CBCEA incorporates a new cementitious material, alkali activated binary blended cement filler (ABBCF), made from Paper Making Sludge Ash (PMSA) and a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts Residue (FC3R) activated by a waste NaOH solution (W-NaOH). Incorporation of the PMSA and FC3R was achieved through the replacement of conventional limestone filler (LF), while W-NaOH replaced the pre-water necessary to wet the aggregate in the CBCEA. It was found that the glass phases of the new filler particles were broken and reacted with Ca(OH)2 creating C-S-H gel through the hydration process. This results in a very high early strength and improved mechanical properties. Balanced oxide compositions, within the new filler, were identified as responsible for an enhanced hydration reaction. A laboratory programme of testing measured the stiffness modulus, conducted at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90 and 180 days. Susceptibility to temperature, wheel track testing to establish rutting resistance, fatigue resistance measured by a four-point beam bending test, fracture resistance testing via semi-circular bending tests, moisture damage resistance and ageing tests were successfully performed. Advanced techniques for microstructure assessment, i.e. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were used to provide scientific data to provide a deeper understanding of the microstructure and internal composition. An environmental investigation was performed using a Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test. The new ABBCF mixture offers a significant improvement in stiffness modulus compared to HMA and the reference cold binder course mixture containing conventional limestone filler (LF). Target stiffness, according to British and European standards, can be surpassed after less than one day of curing. The new ABBCF mixture offers a stiffness modulus which is 27 times better than the LF mixture after 3 days. This will overcome restrictions caused by the length of time required to achieve acceptable stiffness by traditional CBEMs. More remarkably, the new ABBCF mixture is 78% better than mixtures treated with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in terms of ITSM after 3 days. Furthermore, the impact of a rise in temperature on stiffness modulus from 5 to 45°C, was much larger in LF and both HMA mixtures in comparison to ABBCF, revealing the potential to use these mixes in severe conditions, both hot and cold weathers. ABBCF mixtures displayed considerably reduced susceptibility to permanent deformation, demonstrating the potential advantage of using this material on heavily trafficked roads. Fatigue resistance was noticeably improved by the use of ABBCF in comparison to the reference LF and HMAs. Improved water sensitivity for progressive hydration with the new ABBCF was also established resulting in an enhanced long ageing performance meaning that these mixtures can be considered durable. SEM observation and XRD analysis confirmed the formation of hydration products at various curing times. The concentration of heavy metals in the samples incorporating ABBCF was observed to be less than the regulatory levels determined for hazardous materials. Microwave treatment has proven to be an effective technique to reduce the air void contents of the ABBCF mixture and achieve acceptable levels of porosity. Finally, achieving the aim of the current research will theoretically increase the application of such mixtures and allow them to be used as structural pavement materials. On a further positive note, the inclusion of waste and by-product materials in CBEMs results in more sustainable practice and eliminates disposal problems.
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Burger, A. F. "Rheology of polymer modified binders : a comparative study of three binders and three binder/filler systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52438.
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Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of polymer modified binders have increased drastically over the past twenty years. It is generally accepted that current empirical specification tests do not adequately characterise the improvement in binder properties when bitumen is modified with polymers. At the University of Stellenbosch, a programme was initiated to relate binder properties to asphalt mix performance. This study forms part of that programme. This study focuses on three binders and is an attempt to characterise binder properties fundamentally. The binders that were tested are: • 60/70 penetration grade bitumen • SBS modified 60/70 bitumen • Bitumen-Rubber Two rheometers were used to characterise the binder properties: • Sliding Plate Rheometer (SPR) • Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) The Sliding Plate Rheometer was modified to allow testing at elevated temperatures. The modification is described in this thesis. Three types of testing were used to test the binders: • Creep tests (SPR and DSR) • Dynamic tests (Strain and Frequency Sweeps - DSR) • Flow tests (high temperature viscosity tests - DSR) The results of the tests were used to characterise differences between the binders. Shear susceptibility lines were plotted and viscosities calculated from the creep test results; Master Curves and Black Diagrams were plotted from frequency sweep results; flow test results were used to characterise high temperature behaviour. A further development in the asphalt industry is the move towards the development of performance based specifications. A programme has been initiated in this regard and this study forms part of the programme. As a step towards the development of performance based specifications filler was included in this study. BinderlFiller systems were subjected to the same test programme the binders were, to characterise the influence on binder properties of filler addition. Some of the conclusions that were drawn at the end of the study are: • Polymer modification improves binder properties related to rutting. • Filler addition does not affect binder properties negatively. • Shear rate is very important during production of asphalt mixes and construction of asphalt layers containing polymer modified binders.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van polimeer gemodifiseerde bitumen het drasties toegeneem oor die afgelope twintig jaar. Dit word algemeen aanvaar dat die huidige empiriese spesifikasie toetse nie die verbetering in bindmiddeleienskappe van polimeer modifisering aanvaarbaar karakteriseer nie. 'n Program is geïnisieer by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch om 'n verband te vind tussen bindmiddeleienskappe en asfaltmengseleienskappe. Hierdie studie vorm deel van die program. Hierdie werk fokus op drie bindmiddels en is 'n poging om die bindmiddeleienskappe fundamenteel te karakteriseer. Die bindmiddels wat gebruik is in hierdie werk, is: • 60/70 penetrasiegraad bitumen • SBS gemodifiseerde 60/70 bittimen • Bitumen-Rubber Twee reometers is gebruik om bindmiddeleienskappe te karakteriseer: • Glyplaat Reometer (SPR) • Dinamiese SkuifReometer (DSR) Die glyplaat reometer is aangepas om toetse by hoër temperature te doen en die aanpassing wat gemaak is word in die tesis beskryf. Drie tipes toetse is uitgevoer om die bindmiddels mee te toets: • Kruiptoetse (SPR en DSR) • Dinamiese toetse (DSR) • Vloei toetse (DSR) Die resultate van die toetse is gebruik om die verksille tussen die bindmiddels te kwalifiseer. Verskillende grafieke en figure is getrek van die resultate om die onderskeie bindmiddels te karakteriseer. Die beweging weg van empmese spesifikasies na werkverrigting gebaseerde spesifikasies in die asfalt industrie is 'n verder nuwe ontwikkeling. 'n Program is geïnisïeer ten opsigte hiervan en hierdie werk vorm deel van die program. As 'n stap in die ontwikkeling van die werkverrigting gebaseerde spesifikasies is 'n vuIler ingesluit in die toetsprogram. Bindmiddel/vuIler stelsels is onderwerp aan dieselfde toetse waaraan die bindmiddels onderwerp is om die invloed van die vuIler op die bindmiddels te karakteriseer. Sommige van die gevolgtrekkings waartoe gekom is aan die einde van die tesis, is: • Polimeer modifisering verbeter bindmiddeleienskappe met betrekking tot wielsporing. • Die toevoeging van vuIler affekteer nie die bindmiddeleienskappe negatiefnie. • Die vervormingstempo is van groot belang wanneer asfaltmengsels gemeng en lae gebou word van mengsels wat polimeer gemodifiseerde bitumen bevat.
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Hou, Yue. "Computational Analysis of Asphalt Binder based on Phase Field Method." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47783.
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The mechanical performance evaluation of asphalt binder has always been a challenging issue for pavement engineers. Recently, the Phase Field Method (PFM) has emerged as a powerful computational tool to simulate the microstructure evolution of asphalt binder. PFM analyzes the structure from the free energy aspect and can provide a view of the whole microstructure evolution process. In this dissertation, asphalt binder performance is analyzed by PFM in three aspects: first, the relationship between asphalt chemistry and performance is investigated. The components of asphalt are simplified to three: asphaltene, resin and oil. Simulation results show that phase separation will occur under certain thermal conditions and result in an uneven distribution of residual thermal stress. Second, asphalt cracking is analyzed by PFM. The traditional approach to analyze crack propagation is Classic Fracture Mechanics first proposed by Griffith, which needs to clearly depict the crack front conditions and may cause complex cracking topologies. PFM describes the microstructure using a phase-field variable which assumes positive one in the intact solid and negative one in the crack void. The fracture toughness is modeled as the surface energy stored in the diffuse interface between the intact solid and crack void. To account for the growth of cracks, a non-conserved Allen-Cahn equation is adopted to evolve the phase-field variable. The energy based formulation of the phase-field method handles the competition between the growth of surface energy and release of elastic energy in a natural way: the crack propagation is a result of the energy minimization in the direction of the steepest descent. Both the linear elasticity and phase-field equation are solved in a unified finite element frame work, which is implemented in the commercial software COMSOL. Different crack mode simulations are performed for validation. It was discovered that the onset of crack propagation agrees very well with the Griffith criterion and experimental results. Third, asphalt self-healing phenomenon is studied based on the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) technology. The self-healing mechanism is simulated in two ways: thermodynamic approach and mechanical approach. Cahn-Hilliard dynamics and Allen-Cahn dynamics are adopted, respectively.Ph. D.
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Pumphrey, Michael E. "Evaluation of performance graded asphalt binder equipment and testing protocol." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3178.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 106 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-105).
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Jung, Sung Hoon. "The effects of asphalt binder oxidation on hot mix asphalt concrete mixture rheology and fatigue performance." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1754.
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Mannan, Umme Amina. "Effect of Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS) on Physical and Chemical Properties of Asphalt Binders." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1343715502.
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Li, Weitao. "Evaluation of hybrid binder for dense and open-graded asphalt mixtures." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041190.
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Sutharsan, Thiyagarajah. "Quantification of cohesive healing of asphalt binder based on dissipated energy analysis." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/t_sutharsan_041610.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in civil engineering)--Washington State University, May 2010.Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 16, 2010). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-89).
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Zaumanis, Martins. "100 % Recycled Hot Mix Asphalt and the Use of Rejuvenators." Digital WPI, 2014. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/236.
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The desire to find more sustainable paving practices as well as the dramatically rising binder costs driven by the growing global demand for paved roads, has led to increased interest of the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in very high amounts. So far the major industry trend has been to develop procedures, invest in technologies and build confidence in mixtures with up to 40 % RAP content. However, a few innovators have refined 100 % recycling technologies over the past four decades to a level where routine production of 100 % recycled hot mix asphalt is in clear sight. Rejuvenators are an integral part of 100 % recycled asphalt production and they can also allow to significantly increase the RAP content for conventionally produced asphalt mixtures. An evaluation of the feasibility of production of 100 % recycled hot-mix asphalt was made and the use of rejuvenators is presented in this study. 100 % recycling is discussed by evaluating ten readily available production technologies along with proposing mix design procedures and identifying best RAP management strategies. A total of eleven different products were evaluated for restoring the RAP binder grade with a definite conclusion that achieving target grade (PG or empirical specification) is possible. In addition a rheological, micromechanical and chemical characterization was performed with select rejuvenators and binders from Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) library. To further assess the rejuvenators and feasibility of 100 % RAP recycling a series of 100 % mixture tests were performed that indicated significant improvement in low temperature and fatigue cracking resistance while providing a rut resistant mixture. With the use of some rejuvenators a performance equal to that of reference virgin mix was achieved. Based on these findings of rejuvenator effectiveness a methodology for choice of rejuvenator type and dose was proposed. Finally, a cradle-to-gate analysis of environmental effects was performed which indicated 35 % CO2eq savings per ton of produced 100 % RAP asphalt mixture compared to virgin mix while cost analysis showed at least 50 % savings in material related expenses. A short video summarizing the research is available at http://youtu.be/y-rYvdGiEbY.
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Carlson, Russell Edgar IV. "Feasibility of using 100% recycled asphalt pavement mixtures for road construction." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1436.
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Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is the largest recycled good in the United States and 80 million tons are recycled yearly, saving taxpayers about $1.5 billion dollars. This paper explores the possibility of utilizing 100% RAP materials in asphalt pavement. Asphalt mixtures are produced at 135°C in a typical asphalt plant. However, at 135°C, not all binder from RAP materials may not become effective for coating aggregates. The main objective of the study is to determine the amount of effective binder available from RAP in the asphalt plant. The 100% RAP mixes have aged binder that can alter mix designs and interaction with virgin binder. In this study, to determine low temperature cracking resistance and fatigue performance, samples were prepared using a 100% RAP mix with no virgin binder and a 100% RAP mix with virgin asphalt binder to achieve the optimum binder content of the mix. Second, to determine the effectiveness of binder from RAP materials, compaction tests were performed by heating RAP materials at various temperatures. It was found that 100% RAP mixes cannot be feasible for field use if additional virgin binder is added to reach the optimum asphalt content. Based on limited test results, the low temperature grade was not within proper limits but the beam fatigue testing results were acceptable. Based on compaction test results, additional heating is needed to increase the effectiveness of asphalt binder from RAP materials.
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McCready, Nicolaus Straub. "The utilization of agriculturally derived lignin as an antioxidant in asphalt binder." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447520.
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Andrade, Josà Roberto Moreira de. "The effect of modification asphalt binder with a phenolic rein: cardanol-formaldehyde." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16820.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThe asphalt from petroleum refineries, when presents proper consistency to pavement, is denominated asphaltic binder or petroleum asphaltic cement (PAC). The petroleum asphaltic binders are materials constituted by complex mixtures of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. Their main components are carbon, hydrogen, but also contain other elements like oxygen, sulphur and some metals. They are obtained from the natural evaporation of deposits located on the earth surface (natural asphalt), or by distillation in industrial units specially designed for this. The asphaltic binders produced by petroleum refining resist satisfactorily in most situations to which pavements are submitted. Nevertheless, over the past years, the highways with a high volume of traffic have had to support an increasing daily average of vehicles, heavier trucks, and also increases in axle weight and in tire pressure. These roads require, thus, asphaltic coatings with better performance and more modern constructive techniques. In view of this, this research has as its goal to study the effects resulting from the modification of the petroleum asphaltic cement (PAC) by the addiction of a resin of the type phenol-formaldehyde â obtained from cardanol â to analysis of the feasibility of this additive in asphalts. Through this study, it was found that the additive enabled an increase in the module (G*) and a lowering of the phase angle (δ) that resulted in a better performance of the asphaltic binder in terms of permanent deformation if compared to the pure PAC. It was also observed a reduction of approximately 12ÂC in the temperature of compaction and machining of the mixture in relation to the pure binder, what makes possible the use of the resin as additive in asphaltic binders.
O asfalto obtido das refinarias de petrÃleo, quando apresenta consistÃncia adequada à pavimentaÃÃo, à denominado de ligante asfÃltico ou cimento asfÃltico de petrÃleo (CAP). Os ligantes asfÃlticos de petrÃleo sÃo materiais constituÃdos por misturas complexas de hidrocarbonetos de elevada massa molar, cujos componentes principais sÃo o carbono e o hidrogÃnio, contendo tambÃm outros elementos como o oxigÃnio, enxofre e alguns metais. SÃo obtidos por evaporaÃÃo natural de depÃsitos localizados na superfÃcie da terra (asfaltos naturais), ou por destilaÃÃo em unidades industriais especialmente projetadas. Os ligantes asfÃlticos produzidos pelo refino do petrÃleo atendem satisfatoriamente à maioria das situaÃÃes Ãs quais os pavimentos sÃo submetidos. Contudo, nos Ãltimos anos, as rodovias de alto volume de trÃfego apresentam aumento no VMD (nÃmero de veÃculos mÃdio diÃrio), maior peso nos caminhÃes, aumento da carga por eixo e aumento da pressÃo dos pneus, requerendo revestimentos asfÃlticos que apresentem melhor desempenho e tÃcnicas construtivas mais modernas. Em vista disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar os efeitos resultantes da modificaÃÃo do cimento asfÃltico de petrÃleo (CAP) por adiÃÃo de uma resina do tipo fenol-formaldeÃdo â obtida a partir do cardanol â para anÃlise da viabilidade do uso deste aditivo em asfaltos. Por meio deste estudo verificou-se que o aditivo possibilitou um aumento no mÃdulo complexo (G*) e um abaixamento do Ãngulo de fase (δ) o que fez com que o ligante asfÃtico obtivesse um melhor desempenho em relaÃÃo a deformaÃÃo permanente comparado ao CAP puro. Verificou-se, tambÃm, uma reduÃÃo de aproximadamente 12 ÂC na temperatura de compactaÃÃo e usinagem da mistura em relaÃÃo ao ligante puro, o que torna viÃvel a utilizaÃÃo da resina como aditivo em ligantes asfÃlticos.
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Butt, Ali Azhar. "Life Cycle Assessment of Asphalt Pavements including the Feedstock Energy and Asphalt Additives." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102763.
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Roads are assets to the society and an integral component in the development of a nation’s infrastructure. To build and maintain roads; considerable amounts of materials are required which consume quite an amount of electrical and thermal energy for production, processing and laying. The resources (materials and the sources of energy) should be utilized efficiently to avoid wastes and higher costs in terms of the currency and the environment. In order to enable quantification of the potential environmental impacts due to the construction, maintenance and disposal of roads, an open life cycle assessment (LCA) framework for asphalt pavements was developed. Emphasis was given on the calculation and allocation of energy used for the binder and the additives. Asphalt mixtures properties can be enhanced against rutting and cracking by modifying the binder with additives. Even though the immediate benefits of using additives such as polymers and waxes to modify the binder properties are rather well documented, the effects of such modification over the lifetime of a road are seldom considered. A method for calculating energy allocation in additives was suggested. The different choices regarding both the framework design and the case specific system boundaries were done in cooperation with the asphalt industry and the construction companies in order to increase the relevance and the quality of the assessment. Case-studies were performed to demonstrate the use of the LCA framework. The suggested LCA framework was demonstrated in a limited case study (A) of a typical Swedish asphalt pavement. Sensitivity analyses were also done to show the effect and the importance of the transport distances and the use of efficiently produced electricity mix. It was concluded that the asphalt production and materials transportation were the two most energy consuming processes that also emit the most GreenHouse Gases (GHG’s). The GHG’s, however, are largely depending on the fuel type and the electricity mix. It was also concluded that when progressing from LCA to its corresponding life cycle cost (LCC) the feedstock energy of the binder becomes highly relevant as the cost of the binder will be reflected in its alternative value as fuel. LCA studies can help to develop the long term perspective, linking performance to minimizing the overall energy consumption, use of resources and emissions. To demonstrate this, the newly developed open LCA framework was used for an unmodified and polymer modified asphalt pavement (Case study B). It was shown how polymer modification for improved performance affects the energy consumption and emissions during the life cycle of a road. From the case study (C) it was concluded that using bitumen with self-healing capacity can lead to a significant reduction in the GHG emissions and the energy usage. Furthermore, it was concluded that better understanding of the binder would lead to better optimized pavement design and thereby to reduced energy consumption and emissions. Production energy limits for the wax and polymer were determined which can assist the additives manufacturers to modify their production procedures and help road authorities in setting ‘green’ limits to get a real benefit from the additives over the lifetime of a road.QC 20120926
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Ramasamy, Naresh Baboo. "Effect of Polyphosphoric Acid on Aging Characteristics of PG 64-22 Asphalt Binder." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33196/.
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This research presents the results on an experimental investigation to identify the effect of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) on aging characteristics of an asphalt binder. Addition of PPA to asphalt binders is said to improve performance of flexible pavements. Asphalt binder PG 64-22 in modified and unmodified conditions was subjected to aging in the laboratory using a regular oven and also simulated short term aging using rolling thin film oven (RTFO) test. Aging experiments were conducted to analyze the extent of oxidation in terms of changes in molecular structure of the asphalt binder. These changes were appraised using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and epifluorescence microscopy tests. FTIR was used to determine the changes in major bands with addition of PPA. Stiffness and viscoelastic behaviors of asphalts were determined from the DSR test. The stiffness is measured by calculating the shear modulus, G* and the viscoelastic behavior is measured by calculating the phase angle, sin δ. Epifluorescence microscopy is a tool used to study properties of organic or inorganic substances. The morphological characteristics of PPA modified asphalt samples were observed through epifluorescence microscopy. Epifluorescence microscopy reveals the polymer phase distribution in the asphalt binders. Results of this investigation show PPA addition to asphalt binders improve G*/sin δ characteristics of asphalt binders. In addition, presence of PPA in polymer containing asphalt did not adversely affect aging of the binders.
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Tomlinson, Christopher. "The Effect of High RAP and High Asphalt Binder Content on the Dynamic Modulus and Fatigue Resistance of Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19245.
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This thesis investigates the effects of using various percentages of RAP and asphalt binder contents on the dynamic modulus and fatigue resistance of asphalt concrete. Two RAP percentages (20% and 40%) and three binder percentages (plant-mixed, plant-mixed + 0.5%, and plant-mixed + 1.0%) were evaluated. A Superpave gyratory compactor and an asphalt vibratory compactor were used to prepare dynamic modulus samples and fatigue beam samples at 7% air voids. Three replicate samples for each percentage of RAP and asphalt binder content were prepared for testing purposes. An Interlaken Technology Corporation servohydraulic testing machine and a Material Testing System servohydraulic machine were used to determine the dynamic modulus and fatigue resistance of the asphalt samples. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine if any of the factors (air voids, percent RAP, and percent asphalt binder) affected the performance criteria (dynamic modulus and fatigue life cycles). Results suggest that as the amount of RAP increases in asphalt concrete, both the dynamic modulus and fatigue life will increase. As per the literature, these results were expected for the dynamic modulus, but not for the fatigue life. It is suspected that the increase in fatigue life for the 40% RAP mixes may be due to the use of a softer binder (PG 64-22 instead of PG 70-22). It was also found that by increasing the amount of binder in the mixture, the stiffness of asphalt concrete will decrease, but the fatigue life will improve. The fatigue life results showed a strong trend of this improvement for the 20% RAP samples, however, the results for the 40% RAP samples were inconclusive. For dynamic modulus, it was found that the percent RAP, additional binder, frequency, and temperature were all statistically significant with 95% confidence. For the fatigue life, ANOVA showed that the percent RAP and additional binder were statistically significant with 95% confidence. These results suggest that by utilizing a higher percentage of RAP and asphalt binder, it is possible to meet or improve upon the dynamic modulus and fatigue life of the lower percentage of RAP samples.Master of Science
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Boriack, Paul Christian. "A Laboratory Study on the Effect of High Rap and High Asphalt Binder Content on the Performance of Asphalt Concrete." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24810.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the effect of added asphalt binder content on the performance and volumetric properties of asphalt concrete mixes containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP). Mixes with three different percentages of RAP (0%, 20%, 40%) obtained from an asphalt producer and three different percentages of asphalt binder (design asphalt content, design +0.5%, and design +1.0%) were evaluated. Additionally, a laboratory produced mix containing 100% RAP with four asphalt binder contents (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) was also evaluated in order to determine the binder level that optimizes mix performance for the extreme case in RAP utilization. Performance of the mixtures was evaluated based on three criteria: stiffness (dynamic modulus), fatigue resistance (flexural beam), and rutting resistance (flow number). Results showed that a 0.5% increase in binder content improved both the fatigue and rutting resistance of the 0% and 20% RAP mixes with only slight decreases in dynamic modulus. However, the addition of various amounts of binder to the 40% RAP mix led to a significant decrease in rutting resistance with little or no improvement to fatigue resistance. Volumetric analysis was performed on all of the mixes to determine how the added binder content affected mix volumetric properties. Results of volumetric testing, specifically asphalt content and Voids in the Total Mix (VTM) at the design compaction effort, Ndesign, revealed that the 40% RAP mix incorporated a significantly higher level of binder during plant production which very likely contributed to the decrease in rutting resistance once additional binder was added in the laboratory. Additionally, the gyratory compaction effort that would result in 4 percent VTM at the optimal binder content over the three performance tests, N4%, was calculated for each mix. Results indicated that the VTM for the optimally performing 20% and 40% RAP mixes were well below current Virginia Department of transportation (VDOT) production standards. In addition, N4%, for the optimally performing 20% and 40% RAP mixes was 50% or less than the current design compaction effort of 65 gyrations.Master of Science
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Qu, Xin Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Oeser, and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Radenberg. "Study of asphalt binder using molecular dynamics simulation / Xin Qu ; Markus Oeser, Martin Radenberg." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1187346365/34.
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Qu, Xin [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Oeser, and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Radenberg. "Study of asphalt binder using molecular dynamics simulation / Xin Qu ; Markus Oeser, Martin Radenberg." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1187346365/34.
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AbuQtaish, Lana H. "Micro-Scale Evaluation of Sustainable Asphalt Materials." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1509465395468159.
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Bahramian, Anohe. "Evaluating surface energy components of asphalt binders using Wilhelmy Plate and Sessile Drop Techniques." Thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-117463.
Full textAbstract:
In this Study, the surface energy was investigated for six penetration grade 70/100 bitumen binders. Wilhelmy Plate and the Sessile Drop were used to determine the contact angles. The purpose of this study was to compare the Wilhelmy Plate method with the Sessile Drop method, and to compare the significance of Owens-Wendt model with the significance of Acid Base model by correlating surface energy components. Better R2 –values were found for surface energy components by using the Owens-Wendt model than by using the Acid Base model. It was concluded here that Owens-Wendt model is a better model for determining surface energy components of bituminous binders than the Acid Base model since bituminous binders have low energy surfaces. For both instruments: When using Diiodomethane as a probe liquid the biggest variations among the binders were observed. When using water as a probe liquid the least variations among the binders were observed. The advancing contact angles for water determined for these six bitumen binders using the Wilhelmy plate method do not exceed the 90 degree by much, suggesting that bitumen is not extremely hydrophobic. The Sessile Drop method offers a faster and more convenient way to measure the surface energy components of bitumen binders than the Wilhelmy Plate method.
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Liu, Shushu. "KENTRACK 4.0: A RAILWAY TRACKBED STRUCTURAL DESIGN PROGRAM." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/16.
Full textAbstract:
The KENTRACK program is a finite element based railway trackbed structural design program that can be utilized to analyze trackbeds having various combinations of all-granular and asphalt-bound layered support. It is applicable for calculating compressive stresses at the top of subgrade, indicative of potential long-term trackbed settlement failure. Furthermore, for trackbeds containing asphalt layer, it is applicable for calculating tensile strains at the bottom of the asphalt layer, indicative of potential fatigue cracking. The program was recently expanded to include both English and international units. A procedure has been incorporated to provide a path to save results in a text formation in post-Windows XP operating systems. More importantly, properties of performance graded (PG) asphalt binders and the Witczak E* predictive model have been incorporated in the 4.0 Version of the program. Component layers of typical trackbed support systems are analyzed while predicting the significance of layer thicknesses and material properties on design and performance. The effect of various material parameters and loading magnitudes on trackbed design and evaluation, as determined and predicted by the computer program, are presented. Variances in subgrade modulus and axle loads and the incorporation of a layer of asphalt within the track structure have significant effects on subgrade vertical compressive stresses and predicted trackbed service lives. The parameter assessments are presented and evaluated using sensitivity analysis. Recommendations for future research are suggested.
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Tavakol, Masoumeh. "Minimum virgin binder limits in recycled Superpave (SR) mixes in Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32681.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceCivil Engineering
Mustaque A. Hossain
Use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement has become widespread recently due to rising costs of virgin binder and increased attention to sustainability. Historically, recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) has been the most commonly used recycled material for hot-mix asphalt (HMA). However, recycled asphalt shingle (RAS), another recycled material, has recently become popular. Although there are some guidelines regarding use of RAP and RAS in HMA, their effects on mixture performance, especially on mixtures containing RAS, are not thoroughly understood. In this research, three recycled Superpave mixture designs from the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) with 9.5 mm (SR-9.5A) and 19 mm (SR-19A) Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size (NMAS) were selected as control mixtures. Mixtures containing higher percentages of recycled materials (RAP and RAS) were developed using KDOT blending charts. A total of nine mixtures with varying virgin binder contents were designed and assessed for moisture susceptibility, rutting resistance, and fatigue cracking propensity using modified Lottman, Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device, flow number, Dynamic Modulus, and S-VECD direct tension fatigue tests. Results confirmed the effect of NMAS and material source on mixture performance. For SR-9.5A, the mixtures showed increased susceptibility to moisture and rutting damage below virgin binder content of 75%. For SR-19A, mixtures with virgin binder content of 70% showed satisfactory performance properties. Mixtures with virgin binder contents lower than 60% definitely showed inferior performance.
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Wang, Dong. "A micro-scale method to associate the fatigue properties of asphalt binder, mastic and mixture." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38667.
Full textAbstract:
The fatigue damage is one of the most common distresses observed on the asphalt concrete
pavement. The initiation and propagation of the fatigue damage is a complicated phenomenon
and very difficult to detect. In order to thoroughly understand the fatigue of asphalt concrete, the
behaviors of the key components of asphalt concrete under cyclic loading are investigated
respectively. A new experiment method is developed to test the performances of asphalt binder,
mastic and mixture under cyclic loading, which provides a tool to unify the fatigue test method
for both binding medium and asphalt mixture. Using the new fatigue test method, the effects of
loading magnitude, temperature and loading rate to the performance of the asphalt binder under
cyclic loading are estimated. Mastic and mixture specimens are prepared by adding fillers and
controlled-size aggregates into the asphalt binder. The effects of filler content to the performance
of mastic specimen are discussed. The differences between the test results of mastic and mixture
are compared and analyzed. Incorporated with the new fatigue test, x-ray tomography system is
used in this study to: 1. Analyze the structure change of the mastic specimen before and after the
fatigue test. 2. Compare the void content differences between the mastic and mixture specimens.
3. Reconstruct the 3-D internal structures of mastic and mixture specimens to build up the digital
specimens. The digital specimens are used in the fatigue simulation of the asphalt binder, mastic
and mixture specimens based on the finite element method. The asphalt binder, filler and
aggregate are treated as different materials. Damage parameter is introduced to model the
degradation of elastic modulus of the asphalt binder caused by fatigue damage. Direct cyclic
analysis available in ABAQUS is used to obtain the response of the material after large number
of loading cycles. The basalt fibers are dispersed into the asphalt binder and mastic specimens,
the effects of the basalt fiber to the performances of the binder and mastic at low temperature are
analyzed using both experimental and FEM modeling methods.Ph. D.
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Veeraragavan, Ram kumar. "An Investigation of the Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Binder Course Materials with High Percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Rejuvenators." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/456.
Full textAbstract:
Use of high percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) material in Hot Mix Asphalt is one of the several sustainable construction alternatives being considered by many Departments of Transportation (DOT). Use of RAP in HMA helps in reducing the consumption of virgin aggregates and binder and construction cost and conserving energy. Although most of the US state agencies allow the use of 30% or more RAP in the design of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), the current average RAP usage is only about 10 to 20%. This is because of the uncertainty about the performance of HMA mixes with a high RAP content. Several factors influence the performance of the HMA mixes with a high RAP content. Recent research has shown that the use of a high RAP content in HMA with rejuvenators is successful in reducing the stiffness of the RAP mixes, and thereby improving their performance. The present work is carried out to explore the feasibility of using a high RAP content of 50% in a binder layer HMA with the addition of rejuvenators. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test was carried out to compare the stiffness of the RAP mixes with and without the addition of rejuvenators. Moisture Induced Stress Test (MIST) was conducted to study the effect of moisture damage on the HMA mixes with high RAP content. The Indirect Tensile Strength Test (ITS) was used to determine the strength of the HMA mixes with high RAP content. In addition, creep compliance and Semicircular Bend (SCB) tests were carried out to determine the cracking potential and fracture strength of the mixes respectively. The addition of rejuvenators was found to significantly reduce the stiffness of the mix with high RAP content. The predicted complex shear modulus (G*) obtained from the Hirsch model and performance grading tests on extracted binders confirmed the effectiveness of the addition of rejuvenators in reducing the stiffness of recycled asphalt binder in the recycled mixes.
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AbuHassan, Yazeed. "EFFECT OF CHEMICAL SOLVENTS ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RECOVERED ASPHALT BINDERS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1470053704.
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Mazzotta, Francesco <1986>. "Use of Industrial Reclaimed Filler to Modify Asphalt Mixture and Binder Performances. Advanced rheological performance evaluation and 3D DEM Modeling of bituminous binders and mastics." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7658/1/Tesi_dottorato_Francesco_Mazzotta.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanical performance of an asphalt mixture is largely dependent on the properties of its constituents and by the way they reciprocally interact in the bituminous layer. In particular, the stress-strain response of the road pavements is closely related to the rheological behavior of the bituminous binder and of its interaction with the finest part of the lytic skeleton. Therefore, it is important to study in the laboratory by means of advanced rheological tests, how mastics (Bitumen-Filler Systems) and mortars (Bitumen-Filler-Sand Systems) react to dynamic loads and thermal stresses. Moreover, the understanding of the contacts mechanisms within the bitumen-filler system, through 3D micro-mechanical models, should allow for a deeper analysis of the mastic rheological behavior. Based on these considerations, in a socio-economic context in which it is necessary to reduce the environmental impact caused by the construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructures, bituminous mastics containing different reclaimed fillers from the industrial production wastes were studied. For this purpose, advanced rheological tests have been first validated and then implemented and combined with the 3D DEM models development. Results showed that the methods used to study the bituminous mastics and mortars allowed to understand the effects due to the addition of innovative and recycled fillers within the mixtures blend, highlighting as these can increase the asphalt mixture performance during its service life.
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Mazzotta, Francesco <1986>. "Use of Industrial Reclaimed Filler to Modify Asphalt Mixture and Binder Performances. Advanced rheological performance evaluation and 3D DEM Modeling of bituminous binders and mastics." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7658/.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanical performance of an asphalt mixture is largely dependent on the properties of its constituents and by the way they reciprocally interact in the bituminous layer. In particular, the stress-strain response of the road pavements is closely related to the rheological behavior of the bituminous binder and of its interaction with the finest part of the lytic skeleton. Therefore, it is important to study in the laboratory by means of advanced rheological tests, how mastics (Bitumen-Filler Systems) and mortars (Bitumen-Filler-Sand Systems) react to dynamic loads and thermal stresses. Moreover, the understanding of the contacts mechanisms within the bitumen-filler system, through 3D micro-mechanical models, should allow for a deeper analysis of the mastic rheological behavior. Based on these considerations, in a socio-economic context in which it is necessary to reduce the environmental impact caused by the construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructures, bituminous mastics containing different reclaimed fillers from the industrial production wastes were studied. For this purpose, advanced rheological tests have been first validated and then implemented and combined with the 3D DEM models development. Results showed that the methods used to study the bituminous mastics and mortars allowed to understand the effects due to the addition of innovative and recycled fillers within the mixtures blend, highlighting as these can increase the asphalt mixture performance during its service life.
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Kraus, Zachary Rothman. "The morphology of polymer modified asphalt and its relationship to rheology and durability." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86003.
Full textAbstract:
Polymers are added to asphalt binders primarily to stiffen the binder at higher
temperatures and thus to protect the pavement against rutting at summertime
temperatures early in the pavement's life. Also, it has been noted that polymers typically
increase the ductility of a binder and that some polymer-asphalt combinations are
especially effective. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that enhancing a binder's ductility,
and maintaining this enhancement with binder oxidative aging, contributes to enhanced
binder durability in pavements. However, polymer-asphalt interactions and how they
might contribute to improved binder performance is not well understood. The goal of
this work was to probe the relationship of polymer morphology on asphalt binder
rheology and mixture durability.
Experiments were conducted on asphalt mixtures and binders, and as a function
of oxidative aging. PFC mixtures, which are an open mixture designed to allow
enhanced water drainage, were of specific interest. These mixtures were tested for
Cantabro Loss, an indicator of a mixture's likelihood of failure by raveling. Asphalt
binders were tested using dynamic shear rheometry (DSR), which provided the DSR
function, (G' /η'/G'), a measure of binder stiffness that includes both the elastic modulus
and the flow viscosity), ductility (used to measure the elongation a binder could
withstand before failure), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), used to estimate the
relative amount of polymer) and fluorescence microscopy (used to image the polymer
morphology in the asphalt binder). From these data, relationships were assessed between binder morphology and
binder rheology and between binder rheology and mixture durability, all as a function of
binder oxidative aging. Polymer morphology related to ductility enhancement. Polymer
morphology related to a change in the DSR function, relative to the amount of polymer,
as measured by the polymer GPC peak height. Cantabro loss correlated to the DSR
function (R2=0.963). The overall conclusion is that polymer morphology, as indicated by
fluorescence microscopy, relates to both the rheological properties of the binder and the
Cantabro loss of the mixture. These relationships should yield a better understanding of
polymer modification, increased mixture durability (decreased raveling) and improved
rheological properties (DSR function and ductility).
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Mejias, De Pernia Yolibeth. "Prediction of the Optimum Binder Content of Open-Graded Friction Course Mixtures Using Digital Image Processing." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5888.
Full textAbstract:
Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has been using Open Graded Friction Course (OGFC) mixture to improve skid resistance of asphalt pavements under wet weather. The OGFC mixture design strongly depends on the Optimum Binder Content (OBC) which represents if the mixture has sufficient bonding between the aggregate and asphalt binder. At present, the FDOT designs OGFC mixtures using a pie plate visual draindown method (FM 5-588). In this method, the OBC is determined based on visual inspection of the asphalt binder draindown (ABD) configuration of three OGFC samples placed on pie plates with pre-determined trial asphalt binder contents (AC). The inspection of the ABD configuration is performed by trained and experienced technicians who determine the OBC using perceptive interpolation or extrapolation based on the known AC of the above samples. In order to eliminate the human subjectivity involved in the current visual method, an automated method for quantifying the OBC of OGFC mixtures was developed using digital images of the pie plates and concepts of perceptual image coding and neural network (NN). Phase I of the project involved the FM-5-588 based OBC testing of OGFC mixture designs consisting of a large set of samples prepared from a variety of granitic and oolitic limestone aggregate sources used by FDOT. Then the digital images of the pie plates containing samples of the above mixtures were acquired using an imaging setup customized by FDOT. The correlation between relevant digital imaging parameters and the corresponding AC was investigated initially using conventional regression analysis. Phase II of the project involved the development of a perceptual image model using human perception metrics considered to be used in the OBC estimation. A General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) was used to uncover the nonlinear correlation between the selected parameters of pie plate images, the corresponding AC and the visually estimated OBC. GRNN was found to be the most viable method to deal with the multi-dimensional nature of the input test data set originating from each individual OGFC sample that contains AC and imaging parameter information from a set of three pie plates. GRNN was trained by 70% and tested by 30% of the database completed in Phase I. Phase III of the project involved the configuration of a quality control tool (QCT) for the aforementioned automated method to enhance its robustness and the likelihood of implementation by other agencies and contractors. QCT is developed using three quality control imaging parameters (QCIP), orientation, spatial distribution, and segregation of ABD configuration of pie plate specimens (PPS) images. Then, the above QCIP were evaluated from PPS images of a variety of independent mixture designs produced using the FDOT visual method. In general, this study found that the newly developed software (GRNN-based) provides satisfactory and reliable estimations of OBC. Furthermore, the statistical and computer-generated results indicated that the selected QCIP are adequate for the formulation of quality control criteria for PPS production. It is believed that the developed QCT will enhance the reliability of the automated OBC estimation image processing-based methodology.
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Acuna, Subia Luis Carlos. "Vlastnosti asfaltových směsí typu SMA s R-materiálem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371816.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the diploma thesis is to verify and compare the properties of bituminous stone mastic asphalt, namely SMA 11S with modified PMB 45 / 80-55 asphalt binder or 50/70 road bitumen binder with rubber granulate. Comparison of properties is performed using functional tests. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the familiarization with the use of the SMA mixture, the selected concepts concerning recycling of non-leveled roads are described and described. Attention is paid especially to the recycling of roads in the Czech Republic with an emphasis on hot recycling on the incinerator, which allows increased dosing of Reclaimed Asphalt into asphalt mixtures. In the practical part, the results of the functional tests of the SMA 11S mixture, which have been taken from the test section, are processed and evaluated.
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Stimilli, Arianna. "Advanced Experimental Study on Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Hot Recycled Bituminous Materials with High RAP Content." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242917.
Full textAbstract:
Oggigiorno, la produzione di conglomerati con elevate percentuali di fresato (RAP) rappresenta una delle maggiori sfide da affrontare. L’inclusione di RAP garantisce vantaggi in termini ambientali ed economici, soprattutto tramite riciclaggio a caldo, tecnica che permette il simultaneo sfruttamento della fase bituminosa e lapidea di una miscela. Attualmente i quantitativi di RAP comunemente utilizzati sono limitati data la mancanza di esperienza e di prove scientifiche che dimostrino la possibilità di includere fresato senza penalizzare le prestazioni della pavimentazione.
L’attività di dottorato si è posta l’obiettivo di investigare in modo rigoroso vantaggi e svantaggi di miscele riciclate a caldo con elevate percentuali di RAP. A tal fine, è stato realizzato un vasto programma sperimentale comprendente avanzate analisi chimiche, reologiche e meccaniche su un’ampia gamma di materiali (bitumi, miscele di laboratorio e miscele realizzate in impianto). Oltre alle comuni indagini di laboratorio, sono stati elaborati innovativi protocolli di prova e metodi di elaborazione per l’analisi di problematiche non ancora propriamente affrontate in ambito scientifico (i.e. auto-riparazione, adesione, ri-attivazione del bitume nel RAP, proprietà di rilassamento).
L’ottima correlazione riscontrata fra i risultati dei diversi step di laboratorio dimostra la validità scientifica delle indagine effettuate e dei nuovi protocolli e metodi di analisi proposti. Sulla base dell’intero studio sperimentale, non emergono elementi che scoraggino l’uso di alte percentuali di RAP. Al contrario, i risultati dimostrano che tramite un accurato mix design e l’adozione di specifici accorgimenti (e.g. vagliatura del RAP in più frazioni, standardizzazione del processo produttivo) l’aggiunta di fresato può significativamente migliorare le prestazioni della pavimentazione, garantendo ottime proprietà reologiche e meccaniche.Recycling is a major challenge to address in road materials design. The inclusion in new asphalt mixtures of high amounts of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), coming from the milling of old pavements, provides economic and environmental benefits, particularly when referred to hot recycling since this technique allows the concurrent exploitation of bituminous and aggregate components of asphalt mixtures. Currently, the maximum amount of RAP commonly used is limited due to lack of experience and scientific proofs of the possibility to include RAP without penalizing pavement performance. The PhD research aimed at scientifically verifying advantages and disadvantages of hot recycled mixtures containing high RAP content. To this aim, a wide experimental program was carried out involving advanced chemical, rheological and mechanical analysis on a wide set of bitumens, laboratory and in plant asphalt mixtures. The latter were used to realize three full scale experimental sections along an in-service Italian highway. Besides the traditional laboratory investigations, innovative test protocols and data analysis were elaborated to address those issues not properly investigated yet, such as self-healing, adhesion, RAP bitumen re-activation degree, relaxation properties. Optimum correlation was found between the results collected in each laboratory step, hence demonstrating the scientific validity of the laboratory investigations performed and the reliability of the new test and analysis methods proposed. Based on the overall findings, no elements which discourage the use of high amount of RAP were identified. On the contrary, the study demonstrated that with proper mix design and specific precautions (e.g. RAP fractioning, gradation optimization, standardized production process) the adding of RAP guarantees optimum rheological and mechanical properties, and enhances mixture performance in terms of rutting, fatigue and thermal cracking, main distresses of a flexible pavement.
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Rodrigues, FabÃola Odete. "Effect of the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) on the rheological properties of the asphalt binder modified with SBS." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5691.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to modify the asphalt binder (LA) with 50/70 penetration by incorporating SBS (3, 4 and 4.5%) and the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) (1% w/w). The studies were directed towards assessing and analyzing the rheological master curves obtained from tests on a dynamic-shear rheometer (DSR). In addition, we assessed the effects of additives in relation to the viscosity, storage stability, and oxidative aging simulated at the RTFOT. The results indicated that the addition of SBS increases the stiffness and the elastic response of the binder at high temperatures. The master curves showed improvements in the rheological parameters at intermediate and high temperatures, where the process of permanent deformation occurs. Samples with SBS contents 3, 4 and 4.5% were tested for storage stability for 48 hours. The sample with 3% SBS showed no phase separation when stored under the conditions investigated, however, samples with 4 and 4.5% of SBS showed phase separation. In these samples (4 and 4.5%), the addition of CNSL embedded in the modified binder by SBS show the potential to estabilize the binder-polymer mixture, avoiding phase separation. The CNSL, therefore, proved to be potentially useful to prevent phase separation of the LAs with the polymer. The results also indicate that the presence of CNSL promoted a reduction in viscosity and flow activation energy of the binder modified by SBS, contributing thus to improve the thermal susceptibility of the modified binder. Tests of resilient modulus (MR) and tensile strength (RT) in asphalt mixtures containing modified binder suggest that the presence of SBS makes the mixture less susceptible to deformation and failure than mixtures with pure LA. However, the asphalt mixture containing the binder modified by SBS with the addition of CNSL presents an even greater hardening when compared to the SBS blend containing no additive. It is likely that the presence of polymerized CNSL has contributed to the hardening of the sample.O objetivo deste trabalho foi modificar o ligante asfÃltico (LA) com penetraÃÃo 50/70 pela incorporaÃÃo de SBS (3, 4 e 4,5% m/m) e do lÃquido da castanha do caju (LCC) (1% m/m). Os estudos foram dirigidos para avaliaÃÃo dos parÃmetros reolÃgicos e anÃlise das curvas mestras obtidas atravÃs de ensaios realizados em um reÃmetro de cisalhamento dinÃminco (DSR). AlÃm disso, foram avaliados os efeitos da presenÃa dos aditivos em relaÃÃo à viscosidade, estabilidade à estocagem e envelhecimento oxidativo simulado em estufa RTFOT. Os resultados indicaram que a adiÃÃo de SBS aumenta a rigidez e a resposta elÃstica do ligante em altas temperaturas. As curvas mestras mostraram melhorias nos parÃmetros reolÃgicos em temperaturas intermediÃrias e altas, onde ocorre o processo de deformaÃÃo permanente. As amostras com teores de 3, 4 e 4,5% foram testadas quanto à estabilidade a estocagem por 48h. A amostra com teor de 3% SBS nÃo apresentou separaÃÃo de fases quando estocada nas condiÃÃes trabalhadas, no entanto, as amostras com teores de 4 e 4,5% apresentaram separaÃÃo de fases. Nessas amostras (4 e 4,5%), a adiÃÃo do LCC incorporado ao ligante modificado por SBS demonstrou estabilizar a mistura ligante-polÃmero, evitando a separaÃÃo de fases. O LCC, portanto, mostrou-se potencialmente Ãtil para prevenir a separaÃÃo de fases dos LAs modificados com o polÃmero. Os resultados tambÃm indicam que a presenÃa do LCC promoveu uma reduÃÃo na viscosidade e na energia de ativaÃÃo de fluxo do ligante modificado por SBS, contribuindo, portanto, para melhorar a susceptibilidade tÃrmica do ligante modificado. Os ensaios de mÃdulo de resiliÃncia (MR) e reistÃncia a traÃÃo (RT) nas misturas asfÃlticas contendo os ligantes modificados sugerem que a presenÃa do SBS torna a mistura menos susceptÃvel à deformaÃÃo do que as misturas com o LA puro. No entanto, a mistura asfÃltica contendo o ligante modificado por SBS com adiÃÃo de LCC apresenta um endurecimento ainda maior quando comparada a mistura que contÃm o SBS sem o aditivo. à provÃvel que a presenÃa de LCC polimerizado tenha contribuÃdo para o endurecimento da amostra.
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Ferro, Claudia Cristina. "Efeito do teor e granulometria de borracha, do tempo e da temperatura de mistura e do tempo de armazenamento sobre propriedades do ligante asfalto-borracha." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-06012016-114843/.
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A produção de um ligante modificado com a borracha de pneus usados tem-se tornado viável em virtude do aumento da rigidez a temperaturas elevadas e da flexibilidade a baixas temperaturas que ele proporciona no revestimento dos pavimentos flexíveis, contribuindo para amenizar dois dos principais defeitos que afetam este tipo de pavimento, a saber, a deformação permanente nas trilhas de roda e as trincas por fadiga. Em acréscimo, consegue-se diminuir a quantidade de pneus dispostos em aterros sanitários, disponibilizando espaço e evitando problemas ambientais e de saúde pública, pois o acúmulo de pneus facilita a procriação de insetos e de outros vetores de doenças. Utilizando-se ensaios tradicionais e ensaios do método Superpave, neste trabalho são analisados os efeitos dos principais fatores que condicionam o comportamento do ligante asfalto-borracha (teor granulometria das partículas de borracha, tempo e temperatura de mistura, mantida constante em 155ºC) e as alterações nas propriedades físicas do ligante asfalto-borracha durante o tempo de armazenamento.The production of a modified binder with used tire has become possible because of the increase in the stiffness at high temperature and the flexibility at low temperature that it brings to the surface layers of flexible pavements. The asphalt-rubber binders help to prevent two of the most important problems that affect flexible pavements, that is, the permanent deformation in the wheel tracks and fatigue cracking. In addition, it is possible to reduce the amount of tires disposed in sanitary landfills, increasing the service-life and avoiding environmental and health problems. Using traditional tests and tests of the Superpave method, this study analyses the effects of the main factors that affects the behavior of the asphalt-rubber binder (content and gradation of rubber particles, reaction temperature fixed in 155ºC and time) and the changes in the physical properties of asphalt-rubber binder during the storage time.
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CARVALHO, Mirtes Aila Rodrigues de. "Estudo das propriedades mecânicas de misturas asfálticas com CAP 50/70 modificado por polímero reativo/ não-reativo e ácido polifosfórico." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2018. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1547.
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Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-24T11:22:53Z
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MIRTES AILA RODRIGUES DE CARVALHO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2018.pdf: 2832182 bytes, checksum: eb9e4bf2802a12b8ca3371f98de48cbb (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T11:22:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MIRTES AILA RODRIGUES DE CARVALHO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2018.pdf: 2832182 bytes, checksum: eb9e4bf2802a12b8ca3371f98de48cbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12
Capes
As misturas asfálticas com ligantes modificados por polímeros são cada vez mais utilizadas para satisfazer as necessidades crescentes do tráfego rodoviário, melhorando as condições de resistência, de durabilidade dos revestimentos asfálticos sob a ação de cargas pesadas. Os polímeros reativos/não-reativos e o ácido polifosfórico, em separado, são opções utilizadas como modificadores dos ligantes cujo o objetivo é melhorar as propriedades mecânicas da mistura asfáltica. No entanto, o uso combinado dos modificadores pode proporcionar melhores resultados que o uso individual. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi de avaliar o comportamento mecânico de misturas asfálticas quando modificadas por polímero reativo/não-reativo associados ao ácido polifosfórico como catalizador em diferentes teores. Para isso foram realizados ensaios físicos e mecânicos nos ligantes 50/70 com adição de Etileno Acrilato de Metila e Metacrilato de Glicidila (EMA-GMA) comercialmente conhecido por S74, Terpolímero de Alta densidade (SX500) e Ácido Polifosfórico (PPA116%), antes e após envelhecimento a curto prazo (RTFO) e nos ligantes 50/70, 55/75 sem a modificação. Foram dosadas misturas asfálticas com 1,8%S74, 0,3%SX500 associadas a teores variados de 0,15; 0,3 e 0,5% PPA116% e analisado o comportamento mecânico das misturas asfálticas por meio de ensaios de Resistência a Tração, Módulo de Resiliência, Módulo Dinâmico, Flow Number, Lotman Modificado e Desgaste Cântabro. Os resultados indicam que as misturas asfálticas com os ligantes modificados com polímero reativo/não-reativo associados ao ácido polifosfórico nos teores de 0,3 e 0,5%PPA se classificam como ligantes elastoméricos 60/85-E e suas respectivas misturas asfálticas possuem maior resistência a deformação permanente quando submetidos a altas temperaturas, maior resistência ao desgaste e menor susceptibilidade a umidade, indicando que tais misturas podem ser usadas como alternativa a misturas asfálticas convencionais, principalmente para regiões de clima tropical.
The polymer modified asphalt mixtures are increasingly being used to satisfy the growing road traffic needs, improving their resistance conditions and the asphalt coating durability under the action of heavy loads. The reactive/non-reactive polymers and the polyphosphoric acid, separated, are largely used as modifiers for the asphalt binders whose objective is to improve its mechanical properties. However, the combined use of them can provide better results that individually. This researches objective was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the asphalt mixtures when modified with reactive/non-reactive polymer associated with the polyphosphoric acid as a catalyst in different contents. There were performed physical and mechanical tests on the 50/70 binder with the addition of ethylene methyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (EMA-GMA) commercially known as S74, high density thermo-polymer (SX500) and polyphosphoric acid (PPA 116%), before and after the short term aging process (RTFO). The same procedures were performed on the 50/70 and 55/75 non modified binders. Asphalt mixtures were designed with 1,8%S74, 0,3SX500 associated with varied contents of 0,15; 0,30 and 0,50% PPA 116% and analyzed in relation to its mechanical behavior by means of traction resistance, resilience module, dynamic module, flow number, modified lotman and cântabro wear tests. The results indicate that the asphalt mixtures modified with reactive/non-reactive polymer associated with the polyphosphofic acid in the contents of 0,3 and 0,5%PPA are classified as 60/85-E elastomeric binders and have a higher permanent deformation resistance when subjected to high temperatures, greater wear resistance and lower susceptibility to humidity, indicating that this mixtures can be used as an alternative to conventional asphalt mixtures, mainly in tropical climate regions.
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Reis, Rafael Marcal Martins de. "Revestimento asfáltico tipo SMA para alto desempenho em vias de tráfego pesado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-14112003-103348/.
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Este trabalho apresenta alguns resultados de pesquisa laboratorial compreendendo projeto de dosagem, comportamento mecânico da mistura SMA (Stone Matrix Asphalt - Matriz Pétrea Asfáltica), bem como, aspectos executivos relacionados ao desenvolvimento de um trecho experimental em SMA para revestimento de pavimentos. Os resultados de laboratório obtidos mostram que o SMA é um revestimento asfáltico que pode apresentar bom desempenho sob cargas pesadas em climas quentes, pois estas misturas são muito resistentes à deformação permanente, mas preservam a flexibilidade como os concretos asfálticos densos. O SMA é uma solução bem conhecida para tráfego pesado na Europa e mais recentemente na América do Norte. O SMA também tem sido empregado para aumento de aderência em pista molhada e para redução de ruído.This research presents laboratory test results of mixture design, mechanical behavior of SMA (Stone Matrix Asphalt), as well as some construction aspects regarding to development of Brazilian road trial section as a new bituminous surface course to pavement construction or maintenance.The laboratory results show that SMA can perform very well in hot climate under heavy load conditions due to the mixture to be very resistant against permanent deformation but still flexible like dense asphalt concrete. The SMA is a well Known solution for heavy traffic in Europe and, more recently, in North America. The SMA is also employed to increase the adherence in wet conditions and for noise reduction.
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MORAES, Thalita Maria Ramos Pôrto de. "Utilização da cera de carnaúba como aditivo redutor de temperaturas de usinagem e compactação de misturas asfálticas." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2018. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/402.
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Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-17T13:30:49Z
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CNPq
As misturas mornas surgem como uma opção para a redução das temperaturas de usinagem e compactação, uma alternativa que proporciona vantagens econômicas, ambientais e técnicas. Este trabalho trata da utilização das ceras de carnaúba do tipo 1, nos teores de 1, 2 e 3% (m/m), como aditivo incorporado as misturas asfálticas para a obtenção de misturas mornas. A cera do tipo 1 foi utilizada para modificar o ligante 50/70 e foram avaliados seus efeitos a partir de ensaios empíricos: penetração, ponto de amolecimento e ensaios no viscosímetro rotacional. O ligante asfáltico modificado com 2 e 3% de cera de carnaúba apresentou uma considerável diminuição das temperaturas de usinagem (TU) de 9°C, reduzindo as emissões de gases poluentes (CO2 e VOCs, por exemplo) e o gasto energético. Foi utilizado o método SUPERPAVE, com objetivo de produzir os corpos de prova que foram utilizados para fazer a análise mecânica. Com o propósito de avaliar os efeitos da redução das temperaturas de produção e compactação e a influência da incorporação do aditivo na mistura asfáltica, foram realizados ensaios mecânicos: Resistência à Tração, Modulo de Resiliência, Dano por Umidade (Lottman), Fadiga, Flow Number, Cântabro e Módulo Dinâmico. A mistura com 2% de cera de carnaúba apresentou melhores resultados em relação as análises mecânica e reológica, uma maior redução das temperatura de usinagem e compactação. Espera-se que tal pesquisa possa contribuir para a redução dos danos causados ao meio ambiente, maior viabilidade técnica e econômica. Portanto, a cera de carnaúba cumpre algumas exigências mecânicas e reológicas para a sua utilização como aditivo em misturas asfálticas mornas.
Warm mixtures appear as an option for reducing temperature machining and compression, an alternative that provides economic advantages, environmental and technical. This paper deals with the use of carnauba wax type 1, the levels 1, 2 and 3% (m / m), as an additive incorporated into the asphalt mixtures for obtaining mixtures of lukewarm. Wax type 1 was used to modify the binder 50/70 and evaluated its effects from empirical tests: penetration point testing the softening and rotational viscometer. The modified asphalt binder 2:03% carnauba wax showed a considerable reduction in temperature machining (TU) of 9 ° C, reducing pollutant emissions (CO 2 and VOCs, for example) and energy expenditure. SUPERPAVE the method was used, in order to producing the specimens which were used to make mechanical analysis. As order to evaluate the effects of reducing the production and compaction temperatures and the influence of the incorporation of the additive in the asphalt mixture, tests were conducted Mechanical: tensile strength, modulus of resilience, moisture damage (Lottman) Fatigue, Flow Number, Cántabro and dynamic modulus. The mixture with 2% wax carnauba showed better results than the mechanical and rheological analysis, further reducing the temperature machining and compression. It is expected that such research can contribute to the reduction of damage to the environment, most technical and economic feasibility. Therefore, carnauba wax meets certain requirements mechanical and rheological properties for use as an additive in warm asphalt mixes.
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Zítka, Patrik. "Problematika použití R - materiálu do asfaltových směsí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227264.
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This thesis deals with the R-material use in asphalt mixtures. In the theoretical part, different kinds of flexible pavement recycling and ways of adding R-material into asphalt mixtures are discussed. The practical part deals with asphalt layers design and manufacture, specifically for binder course ACL 16+. R-material content in the blends is 0%, 20%, 25% and 30%. EVOTHERM MA3 rejuvenator is used as additive for softening of R-material. Various mixtures are compared based on tests - resistance to permanent deformation, resistance to the effects of water and low temperature properties.
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Ploger, Desiree. "Effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on thermal, chemical, and rheological properties of rubber-modified asphalt binders." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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This research aims to investigate the thermal, chemical and rheological properties of UV-aged asphalt binders containing recycled tire rubber (RTR) powder. The UV Aging process changes the chemical composition and physical properties of asphalt and causes distress on pavement. It is known that the presence of crumb rubber (CR) reduces the susceptibility of asphalt to aging, but its mechanism is not fully understood. Moreover the rheological performance of a crumb rubber modified binder are still partially unknown.
In this research, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) rays on samples of asphalt binder mixed with crumb rubber is studied. One neat binder and two sets of rubber-modified samples with 16.6 and 20 %wt. are prepared and then inserted inside a QUV Accelerated Weathering Tester for 100 hours. The samples are then collected and changes in their thermal conductivity, chemical indices and rheology are studied using Nanoflash, differential scanning calorimeter, FTIR, and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), respectively. Results show that addition of rubber leads to a reduction of specific heat for the two rubberized binders. Specific heat capacities of the three UV aged samples are larger than those of their unaged counterparts, and the 16.6%-aged has the highest value. FTIR spectra of the three unaged samples are very similar, whereas distinct changes occur after UV aging. The normalized absorbance of peak associated with S=O group increases and the peak for the aliphatic group decreases after UV aging, showing some evidences of oxidation due to UV aging. Using crumb rubber in the binder decreases the thermal conductivity and 20% wt. sample is even less conductive compared to the 16.6%wt. At all temperatures above 25°C, aged samples have lower thermal conductivity than the unaged ones, except neat binder which was opposite. Rheological measurements show that complex modulus of the samples increases with addition of rubber particles and also aging.
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Kadlček, Jakub. "Hodnocení vlastností drobného kameniva pro asfaltové směsi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401473.
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The diploma thesis is focused on evaluation of properties of fine aggregate by means of laboratory tests. Fine aggregate evaluation was performed using sieving test, laser diffraction, delta ring and ball test, bitumen number test, uncompacted void content of fine aggregate according to AASHTO T 304, voids of dry compacted filler (Rigden) test and particle density of filler. Laboratory research has led to the discovery of some properties of fine aggregate and their dependencies.
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Sasivongpakdi, Adison. "Beneficial Use of Wastes: Petroleum-Contaminated Sediment and Coal Refuse." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282055856.
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Akentuna, Moses. "Laboratory Investigation of Low-Temperature Performance of Asphalt Mixtures." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou150607781022331.
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CARVALHO, Jeovanesa Régis. "Estudo do comportamento do asfalto modificado com óleo de girassol visando à obtenção de misturas mornas." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2018. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/397.
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Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-16T22:04:22Z
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Capes
No setor de pavimentação asfáltica, a emissão de gases-estufa para a atmosfera é decorrente principalmente das altas temperaturas de mistura e compactação. A tecnologia de Misturas Asfálticas Mornas (MAMs), se apresenta como um processo alternativo de fabricação das misturas asfálticas, pois as mesmas proporcionam uma redução das altas temperaturas de mistura e compactação, propiciando benefícios de sustentabilidade evidentes a curto, médio e longo prazo, possíveis de agrupar em vantagens sociais, econômicas e ambientais. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar as propriedades físicas e mecânicas de misturas asfálticas com ligante modificado pela adição do óleo de girassol. O óleo de girassol, aditivo utilizado nesta pesquisa, foi adotado em virtude de o mesmo encontrar-se entre as quatro oleaginosas mais consumidas mundialmente, respondendo pelo equivalente a 8,74% do consumo total de óleos vegetais segundo os usos alimentar e industrial. O óleo de girassol foi adicionado ao ligante asfáltico nos teores de 1, 2 e 3%. Para a avaliação das propriedades físicas do ligante asfáltico com e sem o aditivo, foram realizados os ensaios físicos de: penetração, ponto de amolecimento e o ensaio de Espectroscopia Infra Vermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) antes e após o procedimento de Rolling Thin-Film Oven (RTFO), além do ensaio reológico de viscosidade rotacional. Para a caracterização mecânica das misturas asfálticas dosadas a partir da metodologia SUperior PERforming asphalt PAVEments (SUPERPAVE), foram realizados os ensaios de: Flow Number, Lottman Modificado, Módulo de Resiliência, Resistência à Tração e Vida de Fadiga. Os resultados indicaram a viabilidade técnica da incorporação do óleo de girassol ao ligante asfáltico, pois possibilitou a vantagem de reduzir as temperaturas de mistura e compactação em até 6ºC, porém, esta redução, não possibilita a classificação do ligante modificado em uma típica MAM. Contudo, as misturas produzidas com ligante modificado proporcionaram um aumento da lubricidade e da resistência ao dano por umidade, contribuindo para adesividade e coesão da mistura asfáltica e ainda apresentaram um maior limite de resistência à fadiga. Os corpos de prova moldados com a adição de 2% do aditivo, apresentaram propriedades mecânicas e volumétricas satisfatórias em relação aos critérios preconizados pelas normas adotadas.
In the asphalt pavement sector, the emission of greenhouse gases to atmosphere is mainly due to high temperatures of mixing and compaction. The Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technology is an alternative process of manufacturing the asphalt mixtures. This technology provides reduction of the high temperatures of mixing and compaction and provide sustainable benefits in short, medium and long term to social, economic and environmental advantages. This research aims to study the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures with modified binder by the addition of sunflower oil. Sunflower oil, additive used in this research, was adopted because it is among the four most consumed oleaginous plants worldwide. Sunflower oil accounting for the equivalent of 8.74% of the total consumption of vegetable oils in food and industrial uses. The sunflower oil was added to the asphaltic binder in the contents of 1, 2 and 3%. In order to evaluate the physical properties of the asphalt binder with and without the additive, the physical tests of penetration, softening point and the Fourier Transformed Infra Red (FTIR) test were performed before and after the Rolling Thin-Film Oven (RTFO) in addition to the rheological test of rotational viscosity. For the mechanical characterization of asphalt mixtures dosed by SUperior PERforming Asphalt PAVEments (SUPERPAVE), the following tests were performed: Flow Number, Modified Lottman, Resilience Modulus, Tensile Strength and Fatigue Life. The results indicated technical feasibility of sunflower oil incorporation to the asphalt binder. Sunflower oil provided advantages as reducing the mixing and compacting temperatures up to 6ºC. However, this reduction does not allow classify modified binder as a typical WMA. However, mixtures produced with modified binder provided a greater increase in lubricity and resistance to moisture damage, contributing to tackiness and cohesion of the asphalt mixture and still provided an increase in fatigue strength. The specimens molded with the addition of 2% of the additive had satisfactory mechanical and volumetric properties in relation to the criteria recommended by the adopted standards.
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Oda, Sandra. "Análise da viabilidade técnica da utilização do ligante asfalto-borracha em obras de pavimentação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-30012018-151928/.
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Este trabalho apresenta estudo sobre a viabilidade técnica da incorporação de borracha de pneus em ligantes asfálticos utilizados em obras de pavimentação. Trata-se de uma alternativa para solucionar um grave problema ambiental, pois no Brasil, anualmente, são descartados mais de 30 milhões de pneus, dos quais a maior parte é disposta em locais inadequados, servindo para a procriação de vetores de doenças e representando risco de contaminação do meio-ambiente. Os efeitos dos principais fatores que condicionam o comportamento do ligante asfalto-borracha (teor e granulometria da borracha, temperatura de mistura, tempo de reação) são avaliados através de ensaios tradicionais de caracterização de ligantes asfálticos e também ensaios do Método Superpave, que determinam propriedades fundamentais, diretamente relacionadas ao desempenho dos pavimentos no campo. Os resultados da análise estatística da programação fatorial de ensaios laboratoriais desenvolvida evidenciam o efeito preponderante do teor de borracha e, principalmente, que o ligante asfalto-borracha pode aumentar a resistência ao acúmulo de deformação permanente e ao aparecimento de trincas por fadiga do revestimento.This work presents the results of a study about the technical feasibility of the use of asphalt-rubber binder by the asphalt paving industry. In Brazil, more than 30 million tires a year are disposed, mostly in inadequate sites, causing serious health and environmental problems. The effects of the main factors (rubber content, rubber particle size, temperature of mixture, reaction time) on the behavior of asphalt-rubber binders are evaluated by traditional tests and also by tests of the Superpave Method, which are based on fundamental properties, directly related to field performance. The results of the statistical analysis of the factorial design of laboratory experiments show the most significant effect of rubber content and, mainly, that asphalt-rubber binder can increase the resistance to permanent deformation and fatigue cracking.
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Negrão, Douglas Polcaro. "Contribuição para calibração de curva de evolução de afundamentos em trilha de roda de revestimentos asfálticos com utilização de resultados obtidos de simulador de tráfego em escala real." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-16112012-105544/.
Full textAbstract:
A deformação permanente em trilha de roda é uma patologia crítica de pavimentos asfálticos por afetar diretamente os custos de transporte, devido à redução de conforto ao rolamento, e a segurança dos usuários, dadas as dificuldades de dirigibilidade ou ainda o acúmulo de água nos períodos chuvosos comprometendo a aderência pneu-pavimento. Em pavimentos de rodovias concessionadas, onde existem limites máximos de afundamentos nas trilhas de roda bem rígidos para a aceitação da condição dos pavimentos, o monitoramento deve ser periódico por força contratual. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central propor uma metodologia para calibração de curvas de desempenho que prevejam a evolução dos afundamentos da trilha de roda de pavimentos asfálticos, com a utilização de resultados de deformação permanente obtidos de forma acelerada por meio de Simuladores de Tráfego em escala real, como contribuição aos projetos de pavimentação/restauração, aos programas de gerencia de pavimentos e ao planejamento rodoviário. Para tanto, foram dosadas e determinadas propriedades mecânicas de três diferentes misturas asfálticas a quente em laboratório, que foram aplicadas como revestimento asfáltico de três trechos consecutivos, em pista ascendente da BR 376/PR, na 3ª. faixa de tráfego, utilizada por veículos comerciais muito pesados e lentos. As três soluções diferentes para a camada de rolamento são compostas por: um concreto asfáltico com ligante modificado por SBS, um concreto asfáltico com ligante modificado por RET e um GAP-GRADED com ligante modificado por borracha de pneu moído. As pistas testes foram solicitadas de forma acelerada com um equipamento simulador de tráfego móvel, em tamanho real, que simulou 500 mil semiciclos de carga ou a quantidade de semiciclos necessários para atingir o limite de deformação em trilha de roda constante no contrato da Concessionária Autopista Litoral Sul, que administra o segmento onde se encontram as pistas testes, com o poder concedente. Com as medidas periódicas dos afundamentos em trilha de roda realizadas durante a aplicação de carga do simulador de tráfego em cada um dos três trechos, foram calibradas as equações de evolução de afundamentos em trilha de roda, empregando o modelo do HDM IV. Com base nos procedimentos adotados nesta pesquisa, foi proposto um método de calibração das curvas de desempenho para futuros estudos em que se empregam simuladores de tráfego em escala real.Permanent deformation, or rutting, is a critical type of pavement distress given that it is directly associated with transportation costs, due to a reduction of the ride quality, and user safety, due to poor driving conditions or water build-up during rainy periods that affect the tire-pavement interaction. In the case of pavements of highways belonging to concessionaries, where strict limits are required by contract for acceptance of the pavement conditions, the pavement\'s monitoring must be frequent. The present study\'s main objective is to propose a methodology for calibration of performance curves that can predict the behavior of permanent deformation in asphalt pavements using results obtained from Full-Scale Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) by means of a Traffic Simulator as a contribution to pavement design and rehabilitation projects, to pavement management software, and to highway planning. In order to do so, the mechanical properties of three different hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures were determined in the laboratory and the mixtures were used as the surface course of three consecutive test sections in an ascending, slow lane on highway BR 376 used mainly by heavy commercial vehicles. The test sections were loaded using an HVS large scale mobile traffic simulator machine for up to 500 thousand loading cycles or until the permanent deformation limits defined in contract for the Concessionária Autopista Litoral Sul concession, which manages the highway sections where the test sections were built, were met. The results of the periodic monitoring of the permanent deformation of the three test sections under HVS loading were then used to calibrate the equations for predicting the pavement deformation behavior for each of the three types of mixtures tested using the HDM IV model. A method for future calibration of performance curves using full scale traffic simulators was proposed based on the procedures used in this study.