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Journal articles on the topic 'Asphalt roofing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Watson, Donald E., Andrew Johnson, and Hem R. Sharma. "Georgia’s Experience with Recycled Roofing Shingles in Asphaltic Concrete." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1638, no. 1 (January 1998): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1638-15.

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Reuse of roofing shingle waste not only minimizes the environmental problems related to the disposal of waste in landfills, but also reduces the amount of virgin asphalt cement and fine aggregate required in hot mix asphaltic concrete (HMAC), thus creating the potential for cost savings. The Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) has experimented with the recycling of roofing shingles in HMAC by constructing two test sections in 1994 and 1995. The source of the roofing shingles used in both test sections was waste generated by a roofing manufacturer; this generally consisted of discolored or damaged shingles. One test section was constructed on Chatham Parkway in Chatham County and one on State Route 21 in Effingham County. GAF Building Materials, Inc., located in Savannah, provided the waste shingle material; APAC Georgia, Inc., also located in Savannah, produced and placed these experimental mixtures. To date, both test sections are performing well compared with the unmodified control sections. Based on the performance of these test sections, shingle manufacturing waste is allowed as a recycling material in HMAC, just as reclaimed asphalt pavement is, for GDOT projects. A specification allowing postconsumer roofing shingle waste to be used is also being proposed.

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2

Franzen, Michael R., and David C. Trumbore. "Reduction of Asphalt Fumes in Roofing Kettles." Environmental Science & Technology 34, no. 12 (June 2000): 2582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9913075.

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3

Díez-Jiménez, Efrén, Alberto Vidal-Sánchez, Alberto Barragán-García, Miguel Fernández-Muñoz, and Ricardo Mallol-Poyato. "Lightweight Equipment for the Fast Installation of Asphalt Roofing Based on Infrared Heaters." Energies 12, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 4253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224253.

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A prototype for mechanizing the asphalt roofing process was developed. In this manuscript, we present the design, manufacturing, preliminary thermal test, and operation test of the equipment. The innovation is sustained by the use of infrared radiators instead of fuel burners. Infrared heaters provide optimal clean heat transfer to asphalt rolls in comparison to fuel burner automated systems since the latter generates a significant amount of CO2, SO2, and other non-ecofriendly emissions close to workers. Moreover, the equipment has several advantages with respect to manual installation, such as roofing capacity, cleanness, safety, uniformity, and environment-friendliness. It demonstrates an installation speed of 1 m/min, on average, for 3 kg/m2 rolls, which leads to around 400–420 m2 per person a day, more than the usual manual roofing rate. However, there are some issues that need to be resolved, such as inaccurate unrolling and/or bad adhesion gaps.

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4

Nam, BooHyun, Hamid Maherinia, and Amir H. Behzadan. "Mechanical characterization of asphalt tear-off roofing shingles in Hot Mix Asphalt." Construction and Building Materials 50 (January 2014): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.037.

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5

Young-Corbett, Deborah E. "Prevention through Design: Health Hazards in Asphalt Roofing." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 140, no. 9 (September 2014): 06014007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000892.

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6

Foo, Kee Y., Douglas I. Hanson, and Todd A. Lynn. "Evaluation of Roofing Shingles in Hot Mix Asphalt." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 1999): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(1999)11:1(15).

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7

Sengoz, Burak, and Ali Topal. "Use of asphalt roofing shingle waste in HMA." Construction and Building Materials 19, no. 5 (June 2005): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.08.005.

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8

Khare, Peeyush, Jo Machesky, Ricardo Soto, Megan He, Albert A. Presto, and Drew R. Gentner. "Asphalt-related emissions are a major missing nontraditional source of secondary organic aerosol precursors." Science Advances 6, no. 36 (September 2020): eabb9785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9785.

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Asphalt-based materials are abundant and a major nontraditional source of reactive organic compounds in urban areas, but their emissions are essentially absent from inventories. At typical temperature and solar conditions simulating different life cycle stages (i.e., storage, paving, and use), common road and roofing asphalts produced complex mixtures of organic compounds, including hazardous pollutants. Chemically speciated emission factors using high-resolution mass spectrometry reveal considerable oxygen and reduced sulfur content and the predominance of aromatic (~30%) and intermediate/semivolatile organic compounds (~85%), which together produce high overall secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields. Emissions rose markedly with moderate solar exposure (e.g., 300% for road asphalt) with greater SOA yields and sustained SOA production. On urban scales, annual estimates of asphalt-related SOA precursor emissions exceed those from motor vehicles and substantially increase existing estimates from noncombustion sources. Yet, their emissions and impacts will be concentrated during the hottest, sunniest periods with greater photochemical activity and SOA production.

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9

Axten, Charles W., William E. Fayerweather, David C. Trumbore, Dennis J. Mueller, and Arthur F. Sampson. "Asphalt Fume Exposure Levels in North American Asphalt Production and Roofing Manufacturing Operations." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 9, no. 3 (March 2012): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2012.659980.

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10

Huang, Guoqing, Hua He, Kishor C. Mehta, and Xiaobo Liu. "Data-Based Probabilistic Damage Estimation for Asphalt Shingle Roofing." Journal of Structural Engineering 141, no. 12 (December 2015): 04015065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001300.

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11

Trumbore, David, Angela Jankousky, Edwin L. Hockman, Ronald Sanders, John Calkin, Steve Szczepanik, and Roy Owens. "Emission factors for asphalt-related emissions in roofing manufacturing." Environmental Progress 24, no. 3 (2005): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.10071.

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12

Shukrullaev, Botir, Gulom Bekturdiev, Nurbek Isaev, and Saidbek Omonov. "Technology of obtaining a binder for the base of asphalt roads and roofing." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 05026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126405026.

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Processing of the local Mubarek oil sludge with subsequent production of a binder for the foundation of highways and roofing. Methods of the utilization of oil sludge were used to obtain a binder. Innovative technology for the production of asphalt pavement by the oxidation method has been developed. Investigations of the chemical composition of the binder for asphalt roads and elemental analysis of dehydration of oil sludge and its homogeneous state are presented.

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13

Barragán-García, Alberto, Miguel Fernández-Muñoz, and Efrén Díez-Jiménez. "Lightweight Equipment Using Multiple Torches for Fast Speed Asphalt Roofing." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092216.

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In this work, we describe the design and test of a new piece of equipment, developed in order to enhance speed, gas consumption and safety during the manual asphalt roofing process. The novelty of the equipment is based on the use of a set of five parallel gas burners located in front of the roll to maximize heat transfer. The equipment is light and can be used by any worker on any type of roof. It also includes a thermal insulation cover to significantly reduce gas consumption and, thus, to reduce CO2, SO2, and other non-eco-friendly emissions. In this paper, we present the mechanical and thermal design and analysis of the equipment, Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations for heat transfer calculation, a description of the manufacturing and assembly, a preliminary thermal test, and an operational test. The results demonstrate an installation speed of 1.75 m2/min, for 3 kg/m2 rolls, which translates to around 700–735 m2 per person per day, more than twice the usual manual roofing rate. Nevertheless, some issues need to be resolved, such as the nonuniform heat distribution and the low heat transfer at the end of the roll installation.

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14

Hoidal, Charles R., Alan H. Hall, Mel D. Robinson, Kenneth Kulig, and Barry H. Rumack. "Hydrogen sulfide poisoning from toxic inhalations of roofing asphalt fumes." Annals of Emergency Medicine 15, no. 7 (July 1986): 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(86)80383-3.

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15

McClean, M. D., R. D. Rinehart, A. Sapkota, J. M. Cavallari, and R. F. Herrick. "Dermal Exposure and Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene among Asphalt Roofing Workers." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 4, sup1 (May 16, 2007): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620701334756.

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16

Mcclean, M., R. Rinehart, and R. Herrick. "Dermal Exposure and Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Among Asphalt Roofing Workers." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (November 2006): S134—S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-00334.

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17

Freeman, James J., Ceinwen A. Schreiner, S. Beazley, Donald M. Burnett, Charles R. Clark, Suneeta Mahagaokar, Craig M. Parker, Christopher W. Stewart, Mark S. Swanson, and Earl W. Arp. "Asphalt fume dermal carcinogenicity potential: II. Initiation–promotion assay of Type III built-up roofing asphalt." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 61, no. 1 (October 2011): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.05.008.

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18

He, Hua, Guoqing Huang, Jianming Yin, and Kishor C. Mehta. "Application and validation of an asphalt shingle roofing damage estimation method." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 145 (October 2015): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.06.007.

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19

Autelitano, Federico, Erika Garilli, and Felice Giuliani. "Electronic nose for smart identification of roofing and paving grade asphalt." Transportation Research Procedia 40 (2019): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.002.

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20

Arnold, Althea. "An Assessment of the Asphalt Shingle Roofing Process for Residential Buildings." Procedia Engineering 145 (2016): 760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.099.

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21

Calzavara, Thomas S., Charles M. Carter, and Charles Axten. "Air Sampling Methodology for Asphalt Fume in Asphalt Production and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Facilities: Total Particulate Sampler versus Inhalable Particulate Sampler." Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 18, no. 5 (May 2003): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473220301366.

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22

Rhomberg, Lorenz R., David B. Mayfield, Julie E. Goodman, Eric L. Butler, Marc A. Nascarella, and Daniel R. Williams. "Quantitative cancer risk assessment for occupational exposures to asphalt fumes during built-up roofing asphalt (BURA) operations." Critical Reviews in Toxicology 45, no. 10 (October 29, 2015): 873–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408444.2015.1094450.

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23

Rogge, Wolfgang F., Lynn M. Hildemann, Monica A. Mazurek, Glen R. Cass, and Bernd R. T. Simoneit. "Sources of Fine Organic Aerosol. 7. Hot Asphalt Roofing Tar Pot Fumes." Environmental Science & Technology 31, no. 10 (October 1997): 2726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960525k.

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24

TANAKA, Kyoji, Hiroshi ISHIGURO, Katsuaki SEKIHARA, and Atsushi IKEGAMI. "FEASIBILITY STUDY ON RECYCLING OF ASPHALT OF AGED BUILT-UP ROOFING MEMBRANE." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 63, no. 506 (1998): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.63.37_4.

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25

Al-Abdul Wahhab, H. I., and M. A. Dalhat. "Oil-Sludge Extended Asphalt Mastic Filled with Heavy Oil Fly Ash and Cement Waste for Waterproofing." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol11iss2pp27-38.

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Recycling as an economic disposal process for many hazardous waste materials has become a popular means of conserving our planet’s scarce and diminishing natural resources. This paper is a study of the influence of oil sludge (OS) on the physical behavior and performance of asphalt filled with heavy oil fly ash (HOFA), cement kiln dust (CKD) and limestone dust (LMD). Conventional asphalt consistency tests in addition to a new bond strength (BS) test were conducted on the modified asphalt mastics. The results were statistically analyzed and assessed in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D 332 and ASTM D 449 specifications. Too much OS resulted in strength deterioration of the asphalt mastic, which can be compensated for by filling the mastic with HOFA. OS interacts constructively with the fillers to improve their effectiveness in raising the softening point (SP) and viscosity of the asphalt, and also in reducing its penetration and ductility. Even though sludge mastics hold promise as suitable composites for damp proofing and waterproofing, the resulting low flash point (FP) and SP of some of these mastics make their suitability for roofing applications questionable.

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26

Qian, H. W., W. Z. Whong, L. Olsen, J. Nath, and T. Ong. "Induction of micronuclei in V79 cells by fractions of roofing asphalt fume condensate." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 441, no. 2 (May 1999): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5718(99)00045-5.

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27

Qian, H. W., T. Ong, and W. Z. Whong. "Induction of micronuclei in cultured mammalian cells by fume condensates of roofing asphalt." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 29, no. 5 (May 1996): 554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199605)29:5<554::aid-ajim16>3.0.co;2-#.

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28

Trumbore, David C., Linda V. Osborn, Kathleen A. Johnson, and William E. Fayerweather. "Airborne Exposures to Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Among Workers in Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Facilities." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 12, no. 8 (July 2015): 564–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2015.1022651.

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29

Fayerweather, William E., David C. Trumbore, Kathleen A. Johnson, Ronald W. Niebo, and L. Daniel Maxim. "Quantitative exposure matrix for asphalt fume, total particulate matter, and respirable crystalline silica among roofing and asphalt manufacturing workers." Inhalation Toxicology 23, no. 11 (September 2011): 668–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2011.604107.

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30

Tobin, Erin M. "When the Imitation Becomes Real: Attitudes toward Asphalt and Asbestos-Cement Roofing and Siding." APT Bulletin 31, no. 2/3 (2000): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1504658.

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31

Kriech, Anthony J., Linda V. Osborn, David C. Trumbore, Joseph T. Kurek, Herbert L. Wissel, and Klaus D. Rosinski. "Evaluation of Worker Exposure to Asphalt Roofing Fumes: Influence of Work Practices and Materials." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 1, no. 2 (February 2004): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490275786.

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32

Chervenko, Yuriy V., Alexey S. Almatov, and Victor N. Sokov. "Roofing granules with additive of copper-zinc powder having biocidal properties." Vestnik MGSU, no. 2 (February 2019): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2019.2.199-206.

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Introduction. In the world practice, ceramic coated roofing granules with various biocidal (algicidal) additives are used to prevent discoloration of asphalt roofing shingle. The paper propose the application of the selective dissolution of brass process to accelerate the algicidal effect of surface mineral granules. The authors show that incorporating of brass pigment in the color coat of roofing granules provides the desired degree of algae resistance over an extended period of time. Materials and methods. The brass pigment powder was taken as an algicidal additive. Algae resistant granules with the brass pigment were made in Stroymineral plant. Standard AR granules from North America market were taken as a control sample. Algicidal effect was measured by comparison of control sample and manufactured algae retardant granules performance in the 4 weeks quantitative spectrophotometric chlorophyll test. Measurement of an optical density of the liquid culture solution were made to determine the algae growth rates. The measurement was performed in the laboratory for the development of innovative medicines and biotechnologies in MIPT University. Results. The results show that manufactured algae retardant granules displayed level of the algicidal activity which is equal to control sample during the research. It was found that the highest algicidal activity was shown by products manufactured using finely dispersed copper-zinc alloy powder with a zinc content between 15-30 %. Conclusions. The manufactured granules with brass pigment in the color coating reveal ability to inhibit the algae growth.

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33

Watkins, Deborah K., Leonard Chiazze, Cheryl D. Fryar, and William Fayerweather. "A Case Control Study of Lung Cancer and Non-Malignant Respiratory Disease Among Employees in Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing and Asphalt Production." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 44, no. 6 (June 2002): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200206000-00018.

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34

ITO, Hiroshi, Kazuo NISHIDA, and Hitoshi HAMASAKI. "OUTDOOR EXPOSURE TEST OF THERMAL INSULATED EXPOSED ASPHALT ROOFING FOR SEVENTEEN YEARS(Materials and Construction)." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 11, no. 21 (2005): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.11.11.

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35

Sivak, A., R. Niemeier, D. Lynch, K. Beltis, S. Simon, R. Salomon, R. Latta, et al. "Skin carcinogenicity of condensed asphalt roofing fumes and their fractions following dermal application to mice." Cancer Letters 117, no. 1 (July 1997): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3835(97)00214-0.

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36

Dalhat, M. A., and H. I. Al-Abdul Wahhab. "Sulfur extended heavy oil fly ash and cement waste asphalt mastic for roofing and waterproofing." Materials and Structures 48, no. 1-2 (September 7, 2013): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0177-3.

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37

Anurag, Kalia, Feipeng Xiao, and Serji N. Amirkhanian. "Laboratory investigation of indirect tensile strength using roofing polyester waste fibers in hot mix asphalt." Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 5 (May 2009): 2035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.08.018.

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38

Levinson, Ronnen, Hashem Akbari, Paul Berdahl, Kurt Wood, Wayne Skilton, and Jerry Petersheim. "A novel technique for the production of cool colored concrete tile and asphalt shingle roofing products." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94, no. 6 (June 2010): 946–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2009.12.012.

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39

Qian, H. W., T. Ong, J. Nath, and W. Z. Whong. "Induction of DNA adducts in vivo in rat lung cells by fume condensates of roofing asphalt." Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 18, no. 3 (1998): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6866(1998)18:3<131::aid-tcm4>3.0.co;2-h.

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40

CHEN, Chenyu, and Shuichi MATSUMURA. "A STUDY ON THE CHANGE OF CONSTRUCTION METHOD OF EXTERNAL INSULATION AND ASPHALT WATERPROOFING OF FLAT ROOFING." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 73, no. 629 (2008): 1463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.73.1463.

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41

Wojcik, Peter M., Negar Rajabi, Haoyu Zhu, David Estrada, Paul H. Davis, Twinkle Pandhi, I. Francis Cheng, and David N. McIlroy. "Utilizing a Single Silica Nanospring as an Insulating Support to Characterize the Electrical Transport and Morphology of Nanocrystalline Graphite." Materials 12, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 3794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12223794.

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A graphitic carbon, referred to as graphite from the University of Idaho thermolyzed asphalt reaction (GUITAR), was coated in silica nanosprings and silicon substrates via the pyrolysis of commercial roofing tar at 800 °C in an inert atmosphere. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images indicate that GUITAR is an agglomeration of carbon nanospheres formed by the accretion of graphitic flakes into a ~100 nm layer. Raman spectroscopic analyses, in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, indicate that GUITAR has a nanocrystalline structure consisting of ~1–5 nm graphitic flakes interconnected by amorphous sp3 bonded carbon. The electrical resistivities of 11 single GUITAR-coated nanospring devices were measured over a temperature range of 10–80 °C. The average resistivity of all 11 devices at 20 °C was 4.3 ± 1.3 × 10−3 Ω m. The GUITAR coated nanospring devices exhibited an average negative temperature coefficient of resistivity at 20 °C of −0.0017 ± 0.00044 °C−1, which is consistent with the properties of nanocrystalline graphite.

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42

Sackey, Solomon, and Byung-Soo Kim. "Environmental and Economic Performance of Asphalt Shingle and Clay Tile Roofing Sheets Using Life Cycle Assessment Approach and TOPSIS." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 144, no. 11 (November 2018): 04018104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001564.

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43

Fayerweather, William E. "Meta-Analysis of Lung Cancer in Asphalt Roofing and Paving Workers with External Adjustment for Confounding by Coal Tar." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 4, sup1 (May 16, 2007): 175–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620701335035.

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44

Tapsoba, Nouffou, Hassan Baaj, Cédric Sauzéat, Hervé Di Benedetto, and Mohsen Ech. "3D Analysis and Modelling of Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) on Asphalt Mixes with RAP and Roofing Shingles." Construction and Building Materials 120 (September 2016): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.092.

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45

Cruz-Estrada, Ricardo Herbé, Javier Guillén-Mallette, Carlos Vidal Cupul-Manzano, and Josué Iván Balam-Hernández. "Potential use of waste from tree pruning and recovered plastic to obtain a building material: Case study of Merida, Mexico." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 1222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20928404.

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This work presents a study on the use of wood and plastic wastes generated in abundance in Merida, Mexico, to help to reduce them in order to mitigate environmental deterioration. The use of these wastes is proposed to obtain a low-cost building material. So, the escalation process (i.e., extrusion) at the pilot level to obtain a prototype of a wood–plastic composite (WPC) corrugated sheet to evaluate the technical feasibility to make a low-cost product is reported. A corrugated sheet with recycled high-density polyethylene (R-HDPE) was produced. The R-HDPE was collected from Merida’s Separation Plant. The wood came from the trimmings of different varieties of trees and shrubs that are periodically pruned. WPC sheets with virgin HDPE were prepared to assess its effect on the materials’ mechanical performance. The wood/HDPE weight ratio was 40/60. The performance of the WPC sheets was compared with that of commercial products with similar characteristics, namely acrylic and polyester sheets reinforced with fibreglass, and black asphalt-saturated cardboard sheets. Thus, the effect of natural weathering on the maximum tensile tearing force and on the maximum flexural load of the different types of sheets was evaluated. Although the mechanical performance of the WPC sheets was lower than that of the acrylic and polyacrylic sheets, their performance was much better than that of the cheap black asphalt-saturated cardboard sheets. So, they are a good option to be used as low-cost temporary roofing.

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46

MANABE, Tsunehiro, and Takashi YOKOE. "A STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED ROOFING IN JAPAN : Roofs made of cement or asphalt for main materials, and slate." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 68, no. 573 (2003): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.68.33_9.

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47

Shivaprasad, Punith Veeralinga, Feipeng Xiao, and Serji N. Amirkhanian. "Performance of Warm-Mix Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Coal Ash and Roofing Shingles with Moist Aggregates for Low-Volume Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2205, no. 1 (January 2011): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2205-07.

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48

Paeglis, A. U., and F. X. O'Shea. "Thermoplastic Elastomer Compounds from Sulfonated EPDM Ionomers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 61, no. 2 (May 1, 1988): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536184.

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Abstract The zinc sulfonate of EPDM, an ionic elastomer polymer, can be readily formulated into useful thermoplastic elastomer compounds having beneficial properties and processing characteristics. The thermoplastic processing characteristics of these ionic elastomers are uniquely controlled by “ionolyzers,” preferential ionic plasticizers. These additives induce thermal reversibility in the ionic crosslink and control the response of the ionic associations to temperature. Ionic elastomer compounds maintain many of the performance features characteristic of vulcanized EPDM, such as low-temperature flexibility, thermal stability, and weatherability, while providing the added advantages of heat weldability and elimination of vulcanization. We have developed a cost-effective ionic elastomer formulation that meets or exceeds the RMA recommendations for black EPDM in a demanding, high performance application, single-ply roofing membrane. High-strength lap seams can be rapidly fabricated using portable hot air welders, a technique unavailable to conventional vulcanized EPDM sheet. Other applications have been investigated for these polymers, such as hose, footwear, mechanical goods, adhesives, impact modifiers, and asphalt modifiers both as thermoplastic elastomers and as modifiers for other materials. These applications have taken advantage of the unique rheological and solubility properties of these polymers. In addition, a new polymer grade offers an advance in the ability to formulate higher strength and more highly filled and extended ionic elastomer compositions.

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Parker, C. M., C. A. Schreiner, N. Hallmark, A. J. Kriech, L. V. Osborn, R. Fuhst, J. Buschmann, et al. "Evaluation of reproductive/developmental and repeated dose (subchronic) toxicity and cytogenetic effects in rats of a roofing asphalt fume condensate by nose-only inhalation." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 59, no. 3 (April 2011): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.01.010.

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Beigh, Mohd Ovais. "Study on Influence of Use of Waste Cooking and Engine Oil on the Properties of Bituminous Concrete." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 844–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38070.

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Abstract: Bitumen is defined as a gelatinous viscid mixture of hydrocarbons attained naturally or as a residue from petroleum refinement which is used for pavement materialization and roofing. Bitumen is employed as a binder for flexible pavements throughout the globe. Though bitumen is non-hazardous under normal conditions but when heated it becomes toxic and has consequences of environmental degradation. Also, bitumen being a product of non-renewable source of energy i.e. petroleum will led to depletion of petroleum reserves. It is a key challenge in highway industry to scale back the dependence on fossil fuels & to recycle the highway waste. The asphalt industry is undoubtedly a sector that contains a sustainable environmental impact, one amongst the main component being binder, bitumen, which is produced from petroleum. Bitumen generation results in enormous amounts of carbon dioxide emission which causes hazardous environmental impact. This research work is about the employment of waste oils as the alternative binders. The waste oils employed are waste cooking and waste engine oil. These are studied and analyzed as a step towards sustainable environment. This project work will provide an alternative or modified binder as well as will serve with the better way for safe disposal of waste oils generated. Thus, this project is beneficial concerning both the environmental aspects of alternative binder and safe disposal of waste oils. Keywords: Pavements, Bitumen, Engine Oil, Cooking Oil, Addition Percentage, Highway Industry.

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