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1
Galdina, V. D., and N. S. Galdin. "Optimization of Temperatures of Hashing Asphaltic Concrete Mixes Taking into Account the Structural Type of Bitumen." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.226.
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Researches by definition of optimum temperatures at hashing asphaltic concrete mixes on bitumens of different structural types with application of a method of mathematical designing of experiments are presented. Varied factors at manufacturing asphaltic concrete mixes were an index of a penetration of bitumen as the characteristic of a structural type of bitumen, the maintenance of bitumen and temperature of hashing of mixes. Processing of results of experiment is executed with application of computer technologies by means of a package of applied programs Maple. Mathematical models of physicomechanical properties of asphaltic concretes in the form of the equations the regressions reflective link between investigated properties of asphaltic concretes and varied factors are received. It is determined that at reduction of an index of a penetration and a rise of temperature of mixing strength of an asphaltic concrete increases. At a rise of temperature of hashing and increas asphalt content in mixes the water-resistance of an asphaltic concrete increases. On extreme dependences of indicators of durability at a tensioning and a tension in bending from hashing temperature optimum temperatures of hashing asphaltic concrete mixes are defined. It is established that optimum temperatures of hashing depends on an index of a penetration of bitumen and raise at its reduction.
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Mohammed, H., and S. A. Adefesobi. "Evaluation of the potential of sasobit polymer as an additive in bitumen and asphaltic concrete." Ife Journal of Science 22, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i1.17.
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This paper evaluated the effects of sasobit polymer (Sasobit®) on the characteristics of asphaltic concrete with a view to investigating its suitability as an additive in asphaltic concrete. Sasobit®, bitumen and aggregates were procured from a Construction Company site office, along Shagamu-Ibadan expressway. Sasobit® modified bitumen was prepared by adding Sasobit® to bitumen with increasing weight of Sasobit® at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3 % by the weight of the bitumen. Penetration and softening point tests were carried out on the samples and the mix-ratio for the bitumen – polymer mixture was determined. Asphaltic concrete samples with and without Sasobit® were prepared. The samples were subjected to Marshall Stability test. The stability, flow, specific density, voids filled with bitumen (VFB), air voids (VA) and voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) weredetermined. The values of stability, flow, specific density, voids filled with bitumen, air voids and voids filled in the mineral aggregates for sample without Sasobit® were 13.63 kN 2.91 mm, 2.51, 64.64 %, 4.29 % and 18.19 %, respectively, while for those with Sasobit® at mix – ratio of 1.7 % bitumen – polymer mixture, the values were 14.67 kN, 2.41 mm, 2.55, 73.30 %, 3.96 % and 16.39 % respectively. The result showed that, Sasobit® as additive in asphaltic concrete improved its properties.
Keywords: Sasobit®, Asphaltic Concrete, Stability, Flow, Voids filled with bitumen, Air voids, Voids in mineral aggregate
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Mohamed, Abdullahi Ali, Soon Yee Wong, Lau Teck Leong, Mohd Ahmadullah Farooqi, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, Zaid Hazim Al-Saffar, and Haryati Yaacob. "Durability Phenomena of Bitumen and Bituminous Pavement Materials." Open Civil Engineering Journal 15, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502115010279.
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The durability of asphaltic mixtures, in addition to traffic loading, is greatly influenced by the extremes environmental parameters. For instance, at higher temperatures, bitumen becomes soft, thereby reducing the stiffness of asphalt mixtures and making them vulnerable to rutting. On the other hand, at lower temperatures, the stiffness of bitumen is increased, reducing the flexibility of asphaltic concrete and rendering it prone to fatigue failure. Therefore, this evaluation is an extensive research study on the durability of binder and asphalt mixture with their phenomena. Besides that, this paper intends to delve into the various testing methods and measures adopted to evaluate aging and slowing it down. It also presents a critical review of these methods and proposes a future course of action to better address aging issues. According to the evaluation, the behavior of bitumen on the basis of its source varies; when it is mixed with bitumen modifiers, aggregates, and other filler materials, its behavior becomes even more complex. Hence the understanding of the phenomenon of aging is important and the significance cannot be overemphasized. Extensive research work has been done over the last seven decades to evolve the understanding of short- and long-term aging and to improve the durability of asphaltic mixtures. Generally, the aging of bitumen under the influence of both environment and traffic is irreversible as well as inevitable. Apart from entailing hefty maintenance budgets, it remains a challenge to the researchers to slow down aging.
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Haq, Muhammad, Naveed Ahmad, Muhammad Nasir, Jamal, Murryam Hafeez, Javaria Rafi, Syed Zaidi, and Waqas Haroon. "Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) in Asphalt Binder: Homogeneous Dispersion and Performance Enhancement." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 17, 2018): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122651.
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Conventional binders cannot meet the current performance requirements of asphaltic pavements due to increase in traffic volumes and loads. Nanomaterials, due to their exceptional mechanical properties, are gaining popularity as bitumen modifiers to enhance the performance properties of the asphaltic concrete. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials because of their strength properties, light weight, small size, and large surface area. CNT addition results in improved substrate characteristics as compared to other modifiers. Due to high length to diameter ratio, dispersion of CNTs in bitumen is a complex phenomenon. In this study, dispersion of CNTs in bitumen was carried out using both dry and wet mixing techniques, the latter was selected on the basis of homogeneity of the resultant asphalt mixture. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to check the dispersion of CNTs in binder while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out to ensure the removal of solvent used for wet mixing. Conventional bitumen tests (penetration, softening point, and ductility), dynamic shear rheometer tests, rolling bottle tests, and bitumen bond strength tests were employed to check the improvement in the rheological and adhesion properties of bitumen while wheel tracker test was used to check the improvement in resistance against permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures after addition of CNTs. Results show that CNTs improved the higher temperature performance and permanent deformation resistance in both binder and mixtures. Improvement in bitumen–aggregate adhesion properties and moisture resistance was also observed.
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Kopylov, V., and O. N. Burenina. "Influence of Oil Sludge on Properties of Asphalt Concretes Used in Regions of the Far North." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.158.
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The paper considers the physicochemical activation of mineral powders used in asphalt concretes. Oil storage wastes, called oil sludges, are proposed to use as a surfactant. Activation of the surface of mineral powders is accomplished during the joint grinding of powder and oil sludge in a ball mill. As a result, the surface of mineral powders acquires hydrophobic properties; their physico-mechanical characteristics are improved: the reduction of porosity, bitumen content, and of the swelling index of asphaltic substances are observed. The introduction of activated powders into the composition of asphalt concretes can significantly reduce the amount of the required bitumen in the mixture. Decrease in water saturation index is detected in asphaltic concrete with activated mineral powders unlike in the test specimen. This implies an improvement in the index of resistance to atmospheric corrosion.
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Elshahat*, Mohamed R., Alaa G. Sherif, Mohamed M. Elshafiey, and Waleed F. Tawhed. "Effect of Polymer Materials (StyreneButadiene-Styrene) on Marshall Asphalt Mix Criteria." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d2415.0410421.
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this research aims to identify the impact of using polymer materials on physical properties of traditional bitumen used in asphaltic mix based on Marshall Mix design proceedings. During this research, traditional bitumen is modified by Styrene- Butadiene-Styrene (SBS). Percentages of 1,3,5,7, and 9% of SBS by weight of bitumen were mixed. Physical tests such as Penetration Test, Viscosity Test, Softening Point Test, and Flash Point Test were carried out to evaluate the enhancement in the modified bitumen properties. After that, HMA is prepared with polymer modified bitumen to study the change in Marshall asphalt mix criteria. Results show that, using SBS as a modifier agent has a positive impact on the physical properties of traditional bitumen. According to these results, it can be said that the use of SBS polymers showed a significant and noticeable improvement in the performance of the asphalt mixture. Also, modified asphalt mix at any percentage of modifier agent recorded high improvement in stability than the conventional asphalt mix.
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Abudullahi, Ali Mohamed, Kwong Yiing Ting, Wee Kang Choong, and Boon Hoe Goh. "The Effects of Temperature on the Stiffness Modulus of Dense Graded Asphalt Mixtures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 997–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.997.
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of temperature on stiffness modulus of asphaltic concrete. The asphaltic concrete mixture were prepared based on Marshall Mix Design method using two different types of bitumen, the 80/100 penetration grade bitumen (80/100 PGB) and Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), both with five percent bitumen content. Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus (ITSM) test of 1000 N loading was then performed at three different temperatures (25 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C). The results showed that stiffness modulus decreases with increases in temperature for both 80/100 PGB and SBS, which shows the important role of temperature to stiffness modulus of asphaltic concrete. Also, the results showed a higher stiffness modulus for SBS mixtures compare to that of 80/100 PGB mixtures.
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Mhatre, Akshay, Avinash Walunj, Atish Pichake, Ankit Torane, Vinayak Agawane, and Dr Apeksha Mendhe. "Experimental Analysis of HDPE Percentage in Bitumen Samples Using IDT Test." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1819–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41637.
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Abstract: The main objective of this research is to evaluate the ability of using recycled plastic waste as a binder material with asphaltic concrete to improve the performance and service life of the road. As bitumen is used as a binder material in asphaltic concrete which is very costly. We can reducethis cost by replacing bitumen (up to some extent) with plastic. There are many types of plastic but here we used only High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic. NHA class B aggregates were used in this research with varying admixture (2, 4, and 6%) and bitumen content (3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5,5.5, and 6%). For this purpose Marsha Stability and Flow test and ITS test was carried out whichshowed different results for different percentages of admixture.
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Aliyu Yaro, Nura Shehu, Madzlan Napiah, Muslich Hartadi Sutanto, Aliyu Usman, Intan Kumalasari Mizwar, and Aliyu Mani Umar. "Engineering Properties of Palm Oil Clinker Fine-Modified Asphaltic Concrete Mixtures." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 54, no. 2 (March 25, 2022): 220205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.2.5.
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Palm oil clinker (POC) is a non-biodegradable palm mill by-product typically discarded in dumpsites. This study analyzed the performance of POC powder (POCF) as bitumen modifier in terms of conventional and engineering properties of bitumen and asphalt mixture. For the study, base bitumen of 60/70 penetration grade was utilized and different POCF dosages (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% by weight of bitumen) were added. The base bitumen was effectively modified with POCF and then characterized. The conventional and engineering properties of the modified bitumen and asphalt mixtures were assessed. From the characterization results, the formation of Si-O crystalline structure and a new Si-OH functional group was identified. Furthermore, a meandering pattern was observed due to the modification of the base bitumen with POCF. Based on the conventional test results it was revealed that the addition of POCF to the base bitumen resulted in a stiffer blend compared to unmodified bitumen. The addition of POCF improved the modified mixtures’ Marshall stability relative to the unmodified mixtures. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression modeling showed the influence and significance of POCF-MB, with R2 values of (95-99%). Finally, the 4-6% POCF dosage was found to be the optimum dosage, yielding the best performance in terms of the engineering properties evaluated.
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Khalaf, Duaa A., Zaynab I. Qasim, and Karim H. Al Helo. "Effect of Modified Asphalt Cement of the Performance of Stone Matrix Mixtures." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 5A (May 25, 2020): 789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i5a.489.
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This research investigates the behavior of Stone Matrix Asphalt mixtures (SMA) modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer at four percentages (1, 2, 3 and 4%) by weight of asphalt cement. The moisture susceptibility and rutting were taken into consideration in this study. To achieve the objective of this research the superpave system is conducted to design the asphalt mixtures. The physical properties of aggregate, bitumen and other mix materials were assessed and evaluated with the laboratory tests. The mixtures were prepared using penetration Graded (40-50) bitumen and a chemical named Polypropylene Fibers was used as a stabilizing additive. Fibers have been used in SMA mixtures for two main reasons: To increase the toughness and fracture resistance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) and to act as a stabilizer to prevent drain down of the asphalt binder. The laboratory tests include indirect tensile strength test, Marshall stability and retained Marshall Stability test (RMS). For rutting test the Roller wheel compactor is used for preparing the asphaltic samples and Wheel tracking device is used to evaluate the rutting of asphaltic slabs. The results showed that the SBS polymer asphalt mixture gave better moisture sensitivity and better fracture resistance according to the study.It is noted that indirect tensile strength ratio (TSR) increases by 93.1 % and the rut depth decreases by 32.5 % when adding 3% SBS polymer to SMA.
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Bashkarev, Albert Y., Natalia N. Bespalova, and Jarosław Rajczyk. "Influence of Hot Asphalt Concrete Preparation Technology on its Strength." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1197.
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<p>Asphaltic concrete is a composite material in which its mineral components: gravel, quartz sand and mineral powder is coupled by using bitumen. The experimentally determined that the quality of adhesion depends on the temperature at which all components had been mixing of hot asphalt mixes. However, the influence heating time remains unexplored. In this work the strength of compound was investigated on the samples of granite glued with using bitumen in a large range of temperature and time. It has been found that at a temperature of 140 degrees the strength increases significantly with time, but then starts to decline. The authors argue that the process of formation and destruction of adhesive compound bitumen and minerals can be described by the thermofluctuational theory of strength. Bitumen molecules on the boundary surface of the mineral become in a compressed state. The thickness of this layer can achieve 100 µm. The durability of road surfaces and the bond strength of all components asphalt concrete depends from quality of this indicator. Researches were conducted of the influence of the same temperature and time on the mechanical properties of the bitumen, but don’t found significant changes.</p>
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Akbari Motlagh, Ali, and Ebrahim Mirzaei. "Effect of using Fibre on the Durability of Asphalt Pavement." Civil Engineering Journal 2, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2016-00000013.
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Using the fibre additives with a uniform distribution in asphaltic concrete mixture is a well-known technique for improving the mechanical properties and durability of asphalt pavement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of preparing fibre and production of the properties of bitumen and asphalt concrete mixture. In this study, a dense-graded aggregation, mineral fibres (asbestos) and synthetic fibres (polyester and nylon) were used. Laboratory studies were done by comparing different rheological properties, mechanical and moisture susceptibility of mixtures of fibres. Results of the penetration and softening point on mixtures of bitumen – fibre show that fibres improve the mixed rheological properties and stiffening effect of fibre properties. The results of Marshall Tests indicate that adding fibres reduces the strength in Marshall and results in the slight increase in the percentage of optimum bitumen content and asphalt percentage of air voids in comparison with typical fibre. The results of the indirect tensile tests showed that the addition of fibres, depending on the percentage of fibres significantly improves the durability of the mixture.
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Ola, B. T., and H. Mohammed. "Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Crumb Rubber on Selected Properties of Asphaltic Concrete." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 18, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i1.2.
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This study investigated the combined effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and crumb rubber (CR) as modifiers on some properties of asphaltic concrete. Asphaltic concrete materials were obtained from a construction site. CR of 9.5 mm size was obtained by sieving, while PET bottles were collected, sorted, washed, dried and shredded by mechanical means. The physical properties of these materials were determined following standard procedure. Bitumen was modified by wet process with PET and characterised. Asphaltic concrete samples with partial replacement of coarse aggregate in the mix with CR were prepared. Samples without modifiers were also prepared as control. These were subjected to Marshall Stability test. The percentage variation for stability and flow between the control and the modified mixes, were 27 % and 0.29 % respectively, while those of the volumetric properties of bulk density, voids filled bitumen (VFB), air voids (VA) and voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) were 0 %, - 0.13 %, 0 % and 0 % respectively. It was concluded that, there was no difference between the flow and volumetric properties of the control and modified mixes.
Keywords: Polyethylene terephthalate, crumb rubber, asphaltic concrete, stability, flow, volumetric parameters
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Budziński, Bartosz, and Paweł Mieczkowski. "Application of Innovative SMA-MA Mixtures on Bridges." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 6958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196958.
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This paper presents a case study of the application of an innovative asphaltic mixture used for making protective layers on bridges. This mixture, called stone mastic asphalt rich in bitumen mastic (shortened to SMA-MA) produces an impervious surface, resistant to permanent deformation and fatigue, easily produced and laid down on bridge decks. The authors analyzed the state of knowledge on the asphalt mixtures used on bridges. This article describes the first trials with the SMA-MA mixtures and an example of the most spectacular application.
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Shah, Muhammad Zafar Ali, Uneb Gazder, Muhammad Sharif Bhatti, and Muhammad Hussain. "Comparative Performance Evaluation of Effects of Modifier in Asphaltic Concrete Mix." International Journal of Strategic Engineering 1, no. 2 (July 2018): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijose.2018070102.
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This article describes how the gradual increase in traffic volume, poor design and construction practices and lack of attention to maintenance during the last few decades has caused an accelerated and continuous deterioration of the road network in Pakistan. The above factors are among the main causes of pavement failures, especially rutting. Rutting failure occurs when the pavement surface exhibits wheel path depressions caused due to softening of asphalt. In this article, different modifications were used in bitumen to reduce rutting, and compared it with unmodified bitumen. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and crumbed rubber were used as modifiers. The compacted asphalt mixes were tested for resistance to rutting using wheel tracking machine at 25°C and 55°C temperatures. From this research, it is concluded that the crumbed rubber modified bitumen is a better option than LDPE, especially at high temperatures. However, conventional (unmodified) bitumen gives satisfactory performance at low temperatures.
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Maharaj, Rean, Vitra Ramjattan-Harry, and Nazim Mohamed. "Rutting and Fatigue Cracking Resistance of Waste Cooking Oil Modified Trinidad Asphaltic Materials." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/385013.
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The influence of waste cooking oil (WCO) on the performance characteristics of asphaltic materials indigenous to Trinidad, namely, Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA), Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB), and TLA : TPB (50 : 50) blend, was investigated to deduce the applicability of the WCO as a performance enhancer for the base asphalt. The rheological properties of complex modulus (G∗) and phase angle (δ) were measured for modified base asphalt blends containing up to 10% WCO. The results of rheology studies demonstrated that the incremental addition of WCO to the three parent binders resulted in incremental decreases in the rutting resistance (decrease inG∗/sinδvalues) and increases in the fatigue cracking resistance (decrease inG∗sinδvalue). The fatigue cracking resistance and rutting resistance for the TLA : TPB (50 : 50) blends were between those of the blends containing pure TLA and TPB. As operating temperature increased, an increase in the resistance to fatigue cracking and a decrease in the rutting resistance were observed for all of the WCO modified asphaltic blends. This study demonstrated the capability to create customized asphalt-WCO blends to suit special applications and highlights the potential for WCO to be used as an environmentally attractive option for improving the use of Trinidad asphaltic materials.
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Cuadri, A. A., F. J. Navarro, M. García-Morales, and J. P. Bolívar. "Valorization of phosphogypsum waste as asphaltic bitumen modifier." Journal of Hazardous Materials 279 (August 2014): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.058.
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Suaryana, Nyoman, Iwan Susanto, Yohannes Ronny, and Ida Rumkita Sembayang. "Evaluasi Kinerja Campuran Beraspal dengan Bitumen Hasil Ekstraksi Penuh dari Asbuton." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 24, no. 1 (August 24, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v24i1.18175.
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Asbuton is a natural rock asphalt that can be found on the island of Buton in Southeast Sulawesi province, has a large deposits but not yet well utilized. This research aims to find out the performance of asphalt mixtures AC-WC (Asphaltic Concrete Wearing Course) and HRS-WC (Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Course) using bitumen results from full extraction of asbuton. The research was done by experimental methods through laboratory tests then its performance was compared to convensional mixtures using asphalt oil with penetration grade of 60. The results obtained showed that the bitumen of asbuton did not meet the specification of bitumen based on penetration grade. Characteristics of hot mixture asphalt using bitumen of asbuton showed better performance in terms of the Marshall stability namely 1871 kg higher than the convensional hotmixture of asphalt, with 1100 kg for AC-WC and 1241.9 kg compared with 1094 kg for HRS-WC. In addition, the results of deformation resistance tests showed asphalt mix with pure asbuton more resistant to rutting shown by higher dynamic stability value namely 4200 track/mm compared with 492 track/mm for AC-WC and 2739 track/mm compared with 325 track/mm. The modulus resilient value of mix with pure asbuton is also higher at temperature of 25°C and relatively the sameat temperatures of 35°C and 45°C. While the resistance of fatigue for AC-WC and HRS-WC on the test tensile strain of 150 µs were relatively the same as hotmix asphalt using asphalt oil penetration grade of 60, but on test of a larger tensile strain has worse fatigue resistance, especially for AC-WC.
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Arshad, Ahmad Kamil, Noor Azreena Kamaluddin, Wardati Hashim, and Siti Rosyani Ahmad Roslan. "Physical and Rheological Properties of Aged Bitumen Rejuvenated with Waste Engine Oil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.363.
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Age hardening of bitumen is one of the factors affecting the durability of asphaltic concrete pavements. As the bitumen ages, its viscosity increases and it becomes more stiff and brittle. Recycling agents have been used to restore or soften the aged bitumen properties to a consistency level appropriate for use in the recycling process of deteriorated pavements. This paper details a study on the use of Waste Engine Oil (WEO) from vehicles as a recycling agent for aged bitumen. The study focused on the rheological properties evaluation of virgin bitumen, aged bitumen and blended bitumen (50% of fresh bitumen + 50% of aged bitumen) mixed with waste engine oil as additive (with 0%, 3%, 6% and 9%). The aged bitumen was prepared through the process of Rolled Thin Oven Test (RTFOT) and Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) test to simulate the aging process. The virgin bitumen, the aged bitumen, and the blended bitumen mixed with various proportions of WEO were then tested to determine their physical characteristics. Penetration, softening point, viscosity and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests were conducted in order to determine rheological properties of the bitumen samples prepared. The penetration value of blended bitumen added with WEO increased with the addition of WEO. The softening point decrease with the percentage increased in WEO of the blended bitumen. The viscosity for the blended bitumen added with WEO decreases with the increase in the percentage of WEO added. The DSR results showed that the increase in the amount of WEO in blended bitumen decrease the G*/sin δ parameter. For the particular bitumen and WEO used, the optimum percentage of WEO is 6% by the total weight of bitumen as it complies with the Public Works Department of Malaysia’s specification requirements. This study suggests that WEO has ability to counteract the stiffening of aged bitumen and restore the aged bitumen to that of virgin bitumen. As the composition and performance of bitumen and WEO may be different from those used in this study, it is recommended that a detailed evaluation is carried out for the bitumen and WEO to be used in asphalt recycling.
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Sharma, Divesh. "Strength Assesment of Asphaltic Concrete using Bitumen, Natural Fibre and Stone Dust: A Critical Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 3044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35097.
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In this review article, the usage of bitumen, sisal fiber and the sisal fiber for improving the strength parameters of concrete is discussed in detail. Numerous research studies related to the usage of bitumen, sisal fiber and stone dust are studied in detail to determine the results and outcome out of it. Previous research works showed that all, these materials were enhancing the strength and durability aspects of the concrete and depending upon the research studies certain outcomes has been drawn which are as follows. The studies related to the usage of the bitumen or asphalt in concrete so as to produce bituminous concrete or asphaltic concrete, the previous research works conclude that the maximum strength was attained at 5 percent usage of the bitumen and after further usage the general compressive strength of the concrete starts declining. The previous studies related to the usage of the sisal fiber showed that with the usage of the sisal fiber in the concrete, the strength aspects of concrete were improving and the maximum strength was obtained at 1.5 percent usage of the sisal fiber and after his the strength starts declining. Further the studies related to the usage of the stone dust showed that with the usage of stone dust as partial replacement of the natural fine aggregate the compressive strength of the concrete was improving and it was conclude that with the increase in the percentage of the stone dust, the compressive strength of the concrete was increasing.
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Yamin, H. R. Anwar, Willy Pravianto, and Hikma Dewita. "Asbuton Pracampur Antara Harapan dan Kenyataan." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 10, no. 1 (October 15, 2014): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.10.1.55.
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Preblended asbuton is one of a kind bitumen modification that used in Indonesia. From the results of laboratory tests and field trials scale, obtained that paved using asphalt mixture has better technical properties than conventional asphalt mix made bu asphalt Pen 60. Therefore, in the General Specifications of Highways 2011, this type of asphalt used for dense and heavy trafficed road. Although the long-term performance of asphaltic mixtures using preblended asbuton have not been surely known, but until now there has been a lot of road sections in Indonesia have used it. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term field performance of preblended asbuton asphaltic mixtures. To achieve these objectives, filed conditions survey, testing and sampling tests have conducted on several roads that use different preblended asbuton (further named Code-O and Code-B), which has served the traffic from one to three years. In this study, the filed long-term performance of the preblended asbuton asphaltic layer viewed from the level of damage and aging asphalt development that occurs in the field. Some conclution derived from this study were that preblended asbuton Code-O or Code-B has a good rutting resistance but preblended asbuton Code-B has a better cracking resistance than Code-O. In terms of short-term aging point of view, preblended asbuton Code-O are better than asphalt Pen 60 and contrary to the Code-B, but for long-term the aging resistance either of preblended asbuton Code-O or Code-B was relative similar to asphalt Pen 60.
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Brasileiro, Luzana Leite, Edson Cavalcanti Silva Filho, José Antônio Ramos da Costa Filho, Pablo de Abreu Vieira, and José Milton Elias de Matos. "Analysis of the Properties of Asphaltic Concrete Using Recycled Aggregates of CDW." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.613.
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This study aims at investigating the feasibility of the partial replacement of aggregates of asphaltic concrete by recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste (CDW). It was adopted as parameter a project design mixture of an asphalt concrete used in the construction of Itaueira-Canto do Buriti state highway (Piaui). Two project mixtures were used: in the first 38% of the natural aggregate were replaced by the recycled aggregate and in the second, 70%. We carried out the characterization of the aggregates through physical, chemical and mechanical testing analyzing them based on specific reference standards of paving. We performed assays related to the asphaltic mixture with CDW determining the apparent specific mass, the volume of voids, the relationship bitumen/voids and mechanical testing of traction resistance by diametric compression and Marshall Stability. The results indicate that the recycled aggregate, in a defined proportion, can partially replace natural aggregate in flexible pavements.
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Mohammed, Khalid Awadh, Ali I. Mansi, and Yasir R. Hussein. "Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Binder Modified by Natural Rock Asphalt." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 31, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rcma.310504.
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Rock asphalt is one of the widely distributed resources in nature. Therefore, this study employs natural rock asphalt as an additive. The focus of this study is to look at the potential of using natural rock asphalt as an asphalt binder modifier. The study looks at five different percentages of modified asphalt (NRA) concentration from Anbar factory asphalt for oxidized bitumen: 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. The results show that using modified natural rock asphalt increased the mechanical qualities of basic asphalt, such as penetration and softening point, flash point, and viscosity. In addition, the current results show that the asphaltic materials that can be used in paving according to the measuring of conventional tests such as ductility, penetration, and others. Furthermore, the findings indicate that modified asphalt has lower temperature sensitivity.
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Varanda, Catarina, Inês Portugal, Jorge Ribeiro, Artur M. S. Silva, and Carlos M. Silva. "Influence of Polyphosphoric Acid on the Consistency and Composition of Formulated Bitumen: Standard Characterization and NMR Insights." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2915467.
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Over the recent years, bitumen modification with polymers, acids, or mineral fillers has gained relevance to adjust its performance properties. This work reports the use of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) for the modification of formulated bitumen. With this objective, an in-depth literature review on PPA modification was firstly performed. Subsequently, five individual refinery components were selected for the preparation of bitumen blends, namely, asphaltic residue, vacuum residue, and three lube oils extracts. Seven binary/ternary bitumen blends were prepared and then treated with PPA. Afterwards, the five components and the unmodified and PPA-modified bitumen were characterized by standard methods (penetration, softening point, and penetration index), SARA analysis, elemental analysis, and31P and1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results evidenced higher asphaltenes and lower saturates/resins contents in PPA-modified bitumen. The NMR data suggest that the paraffinic chains became longer, the content of condensed aromatics increased, more substituted aromatic structures appeared, andα-hydrogen in aromatic structures diminished. These findings disclosed the improved consistency and oxidation stability of PPA-modified bitumen blends.
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Ezemenike, C. S., O. O. Aderinlewo, I. O. Oladele, and O. J. Oyedepo. "EVALUATION OF MARSHAL STABILITY AND FLOW OF HYBRID MODIFIED ASPHALT CONCRETE." FUTA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 16, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51459/futajeet.2022.16.1.376.
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Highway engineers and researchers are constantly trying to enhance the performance of asphalt concrete pavement, in order to keep up with the global adequate and sustainable highway infrastructure drive. Modification of asphalt concrete could improve certain properties of the mixture and reduce cost of road construction materials. In this research, evaluation of Marshal Stability and flow of hybrid asphalt modified concrete was studied, the wastes from various industries such steel industry, plastic industry and coal-fired power plant industries were combined together to form hybrid composite. Steel slag, fly ash, waste plastic, aggregate and bitumen were used to produce the asphalt concrete in a hybrid manner to evaluate effect of stability and flow properties of asphalt concrete mixture. The physical properties of steel slag, fly ash aggregate, bitumen and waste plastic based polypropylene were determined by carrying out tests such as sieve analysis, moisture content, flakiness and elongation, aggregate impact, aggregate crushing, specific gravity, hygrometer, penetration, softening point, flash and fire point, viscosity, ductility and water-in-bitumen test. Bitumen with penetration grade 60/70 was used and the content varied from 5.0 to 7.0 % at 0.5% interval. A cylindrical sample with the composite mixture of asphalt concrete was produced using varying proportions of hybrid composite which comprises of steel slag (SS) and fly ash (FA) at 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% by weight of the asphalt concrete to partially replace the conventional materials (aggregate and filler) and bitumen which was partially replaced with polypropylene (PP) at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. The Marshal Stability test conducted on the hybrid composite asphaltic concrete gives optimum stability values of 10.50 kN, 12.50 kN, 12.30 kN and 13.50 kN and optimum flow values of 3.30 mm, 2.80 mm, 2.80 mm, and 2.70 mm at 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% respectively. Comparing with Asphalt Institute specification, the non-conventional material used as fillers, coarse and fine aggregate can be conveniently used in light, medium and heavy traffic. Based on the findings, the application of these wastes material which constitute higher stability and flow will improve the properties of asphalt concrete, reduce the cost of constituent material and decrease environmental problem that arise from various industries.
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Khalaj, Omid, Alireza Ayati Ahmadi, Sobhan Abedin Nejad, Bohuslav Mašek, Ctibor Štadler, and Jiří Skála. "Evaluation of the Effect of Varying the Angle of Asphaltic Concrete Core on the Behavior of the Meijaran Rockfill Dam." Coatings 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060720.
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The use of asphaltic concrete cores for sealing embankments and rockfill dams is very important. The self-healing properties of bitumen, simple construction in cold and rainy conditions compared to clay cores, good flexibility and connection with embankment materials are the essential characteristics of asphaltic concrete. The main concern regarding the use of asphaltic concrete cores in Iran is mainly the performance of these dams under seismic loads. The evaluations of the performance of these types of dams in other countries show that asphaltic concrete cores perform satisfactorily in the static state, but in earthquake conditions, the situation may be different. In this paper, the static and seismic behavior of the Meijaran dam in Iran, Mazandaran, is evaluated for three core angles of 90°, 60° and 45°. This evaluation was conducted at the end of the impounding stage and after applying seismic loads using FLAC 2D software and Mohr–Coulomb consitutive models. The results were matched with the ICOLD recommendation to use angled cores in dams with asphaltic cores and showed that the dam performs better with angled cores. Finally, for the Meijaran dam, the results from the dynamic analysis are compared with the results from the centrifuge test.
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Maharaj, Rean, Chris Maharaj, and Areo Hosein. "Performance of Waste Polymer Modified Road Paving Materials." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 34, no. 1 (February 2018): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776061803400102.
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The reuse of waste crumb rubber (CR) (used tyres) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) (plastic beverage bottles) is of particular interest in Trinidad and Tobago since present disposal techniques presents environmental and health challenges. The results of this study investigating the influence of PET and CR on the performance characteristics of the HMA2 pavement design using Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) and Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB) filled an information gap as no previous studies utilizing these indigenous asphaltic materials exist. Existing information using asphaltic materials other than TLA and TPB are irrelevant as variations in performance characteristics due to the addition of polymeric additives can vary from asphalt to asphalt due to differences in source and chemical composition of the parent binder. The results of this study show that a 6% CR and PET addition achieved the highest performance advantage demonstrated by an increase in the Marshall Quotient of between 21–22% and an insignificant decrease in the Bulk Specific Gravity (0.2%) compared to the unmodified blend. The improvement in the mechanical properties and the performance of the modified pavement materials observed is evidence of the useful effects of these waste materials in road paving design and offer a beneficial strategy for the reuse of these waste materials.
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Chukwuka, Ezemenike, Oyedepo Olugbenga, Aderinlewo Olufikayo, and Oladele O. Isiaka. "Performance of Fly Ash as Replacement for Non-Renewable Constituent in Asphaltic Concrete for Road Development." Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism 11 (July 25, 2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jceu.2021.4.
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The non-renewable constituent used in asphalt concrete consumed large amount of materials resulting an increase in the price of asphalt mixture and consequently the cost of road development. On the other hand, huge industrial waste being generated daily from human activities causes environmental degradations. Thus, the study evaluates the performance of fly ash (FA) in asphalt concrete development targeted for road application. The aggregate, bitumen, and fly ash were characterized before being used. The stone dust in asphalt mixture was replaced with FA in predetermined proportions of 2, 4, 6, and 8% to produce a cylindrical specimen of asphalt mixture concrete. Marshal stability test, flow test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was conducted on the composite samples. From the results, stability values of 7.39, 7.70, 7.90 and 8.22 KN was obtained at 2, 4, 6 and 8% replacements, respectively. Hence, the optimum value of 8.22 KN obtained from 8% partial replacement with FA is adequate for heavy traffic while other partial replacement from 2- 6% with stability within the range of 7.39-7.90 KN is suitable for medium traffic in accordance with the criteria for the marshal mix design method provided by Asphalt institute (1997). Corresponding values of 3.7, 3.5, 3.3 and 3.0 mm was obtained for the flow. The flow, air void, void in mineral aggregates and void filled with bitumen results all satisfied Nigeria general specification for road and bridges (1997). Therefore, fly ash can be used as partial replacement in asphaltic concrete to enhance the performance of the mix with a reduced cost for pavement construction.
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Arshad, A. K., E. Shaffie, K. A. Masri, W. Hashim, and Z. A. Rahman. "Performance of Dense Graded Asphaltic Concrete Using Nanosilica Modified Bitumen." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 512 (April 24, 2019): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/512/1/012061.
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Ghaffari Jajin, Morteza, and G. Hosein Hamedi. "Examining the Effect of Dry Resin on Moisture Sensitivity of Asphaltic Mixtures." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-03091107.
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Moisture damage in asphaltic mixtures is defined by the loss of durability and resistance caused by the effect of moisture. The most common way to improve moisture damage in asphaltic mixtures is to use anti-strip additives. This study tended to use dry resin polymer additive to make a moisture-resistant asphaltic mixture. Two types of aggregate indicating different sensitivities against moisture were studied. In order to compare the effect of this material with other anti-strip additives, this study evaluated the effect of hydrated lime on reducing moisture damage and comparing its effect with dry resin polymer additive. The effect of these materials was evaluated by mechanical and thermodynamic concepts using indirect tensile ratio and surface free energy. The results indicated that dry resin polymer used in this study increased alkaline content and reduced acidic content of bituminous surface free energy, resulting in more adhesion between acidic aggregates which are more sensitive to resistance. It also improved bitumen-aggregate adhesion and reduced strip rate. Moreover, hydrated lime as an aggregate anti-strip agent and dry resin polymer as a bituminous modifier significantly increased the resistance of warm asphalt mixtures against moisture. The results of this study show that dry resin polymer can be used as an anti-strip agent instead of hydrated lime with operational problems.
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Jayanti, Dewi Sri, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, Siti Aspalaili Mohamd Sharif, Norhidayah Abdul Hassan, Siti Nur Amiera Jeffry, and Che Wan Che Norazman. "The Performance of Styrene Butadiene Rubber on the Engineering Properties of Asphaltic Concrete AC14." Key Engineering Materials 700 (July 2016): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.700.238.
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This study investigated the effects of adding various percentages of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) on the engineering properties and performance of asphaltic concrete. SBR was added into the mixture at 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% on a mass-to-mass basis. Conventional bitumen used in this study was 80/100 PEN. The performances of SBR on the asphalt mixture properties were evaluated based on Marshall Stability, abrasion loss, resilient modulus, and dynamic creep test. Results indicated an improvement in the engineering properties and performance with the addition of SBR content. For instance, stability increased by 18.8% as the SBR content increased from 0% to 5%. Dynamic creep stiffness also increased by 46.2%. Similarly, the resilient modulus was also found to increase by approximately 84.6%.
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Gosavi, Shashank Nandkumar, Manthan Ravindar Kadam, Abhishek Jaynarayan Pandey, Prathamesh Vilas Nikam, and V. M. Mali. "Utilization of Non- Biodegradable Material for Repairing Potholes." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 672–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46250.
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Abstract: Today’s asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better asthey are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. Considering thislot of work has been done on use of additives in bituminous mixtures and as well as on modification of bitumen. Research has indicated that the addition of polymers to asphalt binders helps to increase the interfacial cohesiveness of the bond between the aggregate and the binder which can enhance many properties of the asphalt pavements to help meet these increased demands. However, the additive that isto be used for modification of mix or binder should satisfy both the strength requirements as well as economic aspects. Plastics are everywhere in today’s lifestyle and are growing rapidly throughout particularly in a developing country like India. As these are non-biodegradable there is a major problem posed to the society with regard to the management of these solid wastes. This plastic waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen andtheresultedmixisusedforroadconstruction.Theuseoftheinnovativetechnology willnotonly strengthen the road construction but also increase the road life as well as will help to improve the environment. Plastic roads would be a boon for India’s hot and extremely humid climate, where temperatures frequently cross 50°C and torrential rains create havoc, leaving most of the roads with big potholes.
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Wu, Jiantao, Haoan Wang, Quan Liu, Yangming Gao, and Shengjie Liu. "A Temperature-Independent Methodology for Polymer Bitumen Modification Evaluation Based on DSR Measurement." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050848.
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Owing to the continuous increase of traffic loads, bitumen modification has been manifested as an efficient methodology to enhance asphaltic pavement performance. Currently, the modification index, defined as the ratio of mechanical properties (e.g., complex modulus) before and after bitumen modification, is extensively adopted to evaluate the modification degree. However, bituminous materials behave as temperature-dependent, which indicates that the mechanical property varies with measured temperatures. As a result, the calculated modification index also shows temperature-dependent property, which inhibits the use of modification index. For this reason, this study introduced a method to eliminate the temperature-dependency of the modification index. In specific, a mathematical model considering the properties of modifiers was firstly established to predict the modification index-temperature curve (MI-T curve). In what follows, the temperature-dependency of modification index was analyzed to verify the proposed model on three types of modifiers, which were graphene, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), and Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate (EVA), respectively. The results indicated that the developed model could efficiently predict the MI-T curves. Besides, the effective modification area (EMA) and optimal modification index (OMI) were two reasonable indicators that evaluate the bitumen modification without considering the temperature-dependency.
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Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah, Romana Sarker Lopa, Norhidayah Abdul Hassan, Haryati Yaacob, Mohamad Idris Ali, Nor Hayati Abdul Hamid, and Mohd Ezree Abdullah. "Performance of Waste Cooking Oil on Aged Asphalt Mixture." E3S Web of Conferences 65 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186502002.
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Asphaltic concrete pavement is popular worldwide, but this type of pavement requires frequent maintenance and rehabilitation as it cannot cope up with the increasing number of traffic vehicles and loads. Therefore, modifying asphalt pavement to reduce the damages and defects is necessary, thereby enhancing the serviceability of pavement. This study presents the effect of waste cooking oil on asphalt mixture at different ageing conditions. A 60/70 penetration-grade asphalt binder was used, and 5% of this binder was replaced with untreated and treated waste cooking oil. Asphalt mixtures were prepared at the selected 5% optimum bitumen content and under two tests, i.e. Marshall stability and resilient modulus. The findings showed the better stability and resilient modulus of long-term aged samples incorporated with treated waste cooking oil than the unaged and short-term aged samples. The incorporation of untreated waste cooking oil caused reduced performance compared with the controlled and long-term aged samples. This result can be attributed to the high acid value of waste cooking oil. Therefore, treated waste cooking oil can be used as a binder replacement given its significantly higher performance at the mentioned ageing condition than the controlled mixture.
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Jacobs, Maarten M. J., Piet C. Hopman, and André A. A. Molenaar. "Characterization of Fracture in Asphaltic Mixes Based on a Molecular Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1535, no. 1 (January 1996): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153500104.
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In contradiction to the fracture mechanics approach, the fundamental absolute rate theory (ART) model describes the macroscopic behavior of processes on the molecular level. Attention is given to the theoretical background of the ART and its application to describing the crack growth process in asphalt concrete mixes. From the analyses, it is concluded that in the crack propagation phase, three parallel processes are distinguished: cohesive crack growth, adhesive crack growth, and a crack-retardant process. In the crack initiation phase, only cohesive crack growth is present. The difference between the mixes is specified by the free activation energy Qa: increase in crack growth resistance increases the Qa-value. This Qa-value, determined from mechanical tests, is close to the energy that bonds the bitumen to the aggregate, determined from chemical tests.
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YAMAMOTO, Haruyuki, Toru WATANABE, and Koji TOMINAGA. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON VISCO-ELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF ASPHALTIC BITUMEN SLIP LAYERS USED FOR SL-PILE." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 64, no. 524 (1999): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.64.87_5.
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Mugume, Rodgers B. "Effect of Unstable Mix under Severe Traffic Loading on Performance of Asphalt Pavements in Tropical Climate." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (November 27, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8871094.
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This paper is aimed at assessing the in-service performance of asphalt pavements in tropical climate under severe conditions. The main defect observed on the asphalt pavement was rutting of the asphaltic surfacing, with top-down cracking being experienced on a few sections and not widespread but rather intermittent. Field and laboratory investigations were conducted as well as a review of design and construction records. The defects observed were confined to the wearing course layer of the surfacing with the other underlying layers performing well. Rutting was a result of heavily loaded trucks that moved at very slow speeds due to steep gradients, hence resulting in severely loaded sections. High temperatures due to the warm tropical environment exacerbated the situation and caused the asphalt to flow, hence resulting in rutting and deformation. Also, low air voids in the asphalt mix which were below the recommended design air voids specification aggravated the situation as well as the air voids after refusal density compaction being below the specified critical minimum of 3% after secondary compaction. Top-down cracking was due to binder age hardening and embrittlement resulting from overheating of bitumen during the construction process coupled with heavy truck axles and high tyre pressures. Defects observed, therefore, resulted from an unstable asphalt mix that was not suitable for severe loading conditions; hence, the asphalt concrete laid was out of specification. The Modified Marshall Mix Design method should be used for severe sites where slow speed or heavier traffic is expected.
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Gnanamurthy, P. B., and Kiran Kumar B V. "Experimental Study on Characterization of Bituminous Mixes Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement Materials for the Construction of Surface Course in Flexible Pavements." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43072.
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Abstract: In India majority of the road network has a bituminous top surface made of naturally accessible road materials and bitumen. This process has resulted in a faster depletion of road aggregates as well as an increase in gas emissions into the atmosphere, resulting in pollution. The most promising approach for achieving sustainability in road building will be to use low emission bitumen, re-use aggregates obtained from milling, and material reclaimed from the old distressed pavement to create or rehabilitate new roads. In this regard, the current study seeks to evaluate and compare the physical and engineering features of bituminous mixes including RAP material in various percentages for the construction of the surface course in flexible pavements through thorough laboratory investigations. According to the results of laboratory experimental tests, a bituminous mix containing recycled asphaltic pavement (RAP) material exhibits better Marshall Properties, performance properties, and volumetric properties, and meets all of the requirements of the bituminous concrete (BC) layer as per standard specifications. According to the findings of the study, it is possible to create an acceptable grade bituminous mix with a high RAP component that meets the needed volumetric characteristics and performance parameters for the construction of flexible pavements under current traffic and environmental circumstances. Keywords: RAP, Sustainable roads, Volumetric properties, Marshall Properties, ITS.
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Modupe, A. E., O. G. Fadugba, A. A. Busari, A. O. Adeboje, and O. J. Aladegboye. "Performance evaluation of asphaltic concrete incorporating milled egg-shell ash (mesa) as bitumen strength modifier and filler." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1107, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1107/1/012033.
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Evdokimova, N. G., N. N. Luneva, N. A. Egorova, A. R. Makhmutova, Yu A. Bayguzina, and E. A. Imangulova. "The selection of production technology of polymer-bitumen binders as an innovative nanobinders used in asphaltic concrete pavement." Nanotechnologies in Construction A Scientific Internet-Journal 10, no. 5 (October 24, 2019): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2018-10-5-20-37.
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KAR, Siksha Swaroopa, Aravind Krishna SWAMY, Devesh TIWARI, and Pramod Kumar JAIN. "IMPACT OF RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENT ON PROPERTIES OF FOAMED BITUMINOUS MIXTURES." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 13, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2018.383.
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In recent years, the use of foamed bitumen technology along with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement is gaining popularity across the world. The mechanical response of foamed bitumen mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement is significantly influenced by constituent material properties and aggregate gradation. This article presents results from a study where foamed bitumen mixtures conforming to Indian specifications were evaluated. For this purpose, foamed bitumen mixtures using a different percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement and bitumens were prepared. Initially, the foaming characteristics of virgin bitumens were evaluated to optimize for optimum water content and foaming temperature. In the second stage, mixture design was conducted to optimize for foamed bitumen content in foamed bitumen mixtures containing a different percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement. Finally, these foamed bitumen mixtures were evaluated for their mechanical properties. The results from this laboratory study indicated properties of foamed bitumen and foamed mixtures are significantly influenced by properties of bitumen, the quantity of bitumen, and reclaimed asphalt pavement. Among the different mixtures, a mixture containing 50% reclaimed asphalt pavement exhibited best results in resilient modulus and resistance to moisture damage tests. A mixture containing 80% reclaimed asphalt pavement also shows acceptable strength and resistance to water susceptibility. Thus, it is possible to design high-quality bituminous mixes using higher reclaimed asphalt pavement percentages, which meet the required volumetric and desired performance criteria.
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Rusbintardjo, Gatot. "Utilization of Buton Natural Rock Asphalt as Additive of Bitumen Binder in Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.543.
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In Buton Island, an island located in South-East Sulawesi Island in Indonesia is found about 700 million tons natural rock asphalt (NRA) which have not been maximally utilized yet. Buton-NRA contains 20 to 30% of bitumen. This paper reported the first part of the research on utilizing of Buton-NRA as additive of bitumen binder in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Amount of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 50, and 65% of very fine of Buton-NRA was added into the bitumen, resulted Buton-NRA-Bitumens binder. Penetration and softening point test was conducted to get penetration index (PI) value, an index to determine the temperature susceptibility of the binder. The results show that the Buton-NRA-Bitumens binder has low temperature susceptibility. Use as binder in HMA mixtures also shown that the Buton-NRA-Bitumens binder can improve the performance of the mixtures. Marshall Stability and stiffness of the mixtures is higher compare to that of base bitumen binder, especially Buton-NRA-Bitumens binder with 50% of Buton-NRA, Marshall Stability reach 2374kg and stiffness 311kg.mm, while HMA mixtures with base bitumen (0% Buton-NRA) only has 1294kg of Marshall stability and 169kg/mm of stiffness.
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Pshembaev, M. K., and Ya N. Kovalev. "OPTIMIZATION OF PRESERVATIVE FOR PROTECTION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT OF HIGHWAYS." Science & Technique 17, no. 2 (April 13, 2018): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-2-95-99.
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Disadvantages of road concrete pavement quite well known professionals-standards. They were mainly low elasticity modulus asphaltic concrete, as well as a fairly rapid aging of asphalt concrete core component-bitumen. And, as a consequence, is relatively low durability of the coating, the need for frequent repair. To some extent, cement concrete cover signifi cantly outperform this index of asphalt, convinces experience roads of Germany, the United States and other countries. The correct structure of concrete, overall compliance technology laying concrete, comprehensive quality control production work, sufficient technical personnel qualifications provide long defect-free work road re-coated. However, violations by manufacture of works or in the process of exploitation, particularly in the harsh conditions of freezing and thawing, saturation-drying, especially under the influence of salts-defrosting, cause defects, reduce its durability. There are two directions of increase of durability of the coating. Firstly, it is the primary protection is the creation of concrete with minimal possible on data components mixture water cement ratio that provides reception of concrete with minimum porosity and consequently with maximum durability. Secondly, the secondary protection, providing increased resistance already ready-mixed concrete cover external aggressive actions. In this case against the background of other ways quite promising looks impregnation of the surface concrete integrated structure. Composition must contain multiple components, primarily water repellents, preventing penetration of fluid into the body of the concrete, and finely dispersed silica sol in particular silica, providing reduction of the porosity of the surface layers of concrete by interacting with the free calcium hydroxide. The problem of optimization of impregnation structure and is dedicated to this work.
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Zhang, Hong Hua, Pei Qiang Cui, Liu Jing Zi Qiu, and Shao Peng Wu. "Influence of VOC Emission on Asphalt Components." Key Engineering Materials 599 (February 2014): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.599.178.
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Volatile organic compounds (VOC) emission from different asphalts not only causes the change in the performances of the bitumen, but also its chemical compositions. This paper carried out four-component analysis to study the influence of VOC emission from different asphalts on bitumens chemical compositions under different conditions. Results show that four-component of asphalts from different places is different. Also as the time of VOC emission increases, the total contents of resins and asphaltenes increase, but the total contents of saturates and aromatics decrease. VOC emission under different temperatures also has a great impact on the asphalt chemical components; Saturates and aromatics decrease in high temperature is larger than in low temperature, and there exists big differences in the asphalt surface layer and the internal of chemical components.
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Radziszewski, Piotr, Robert Ziolkowski, and Donatas Čygas. "TECHNOLOGICAL AGEING INFLUENCE ON VISCOSITY OF SELECTED BITUMENS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2003): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2003.10531297.
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The article presents one of the main parameters of bitumens used for asphalt concrete mixtures production—viscosity. The authors analyse technological ageing process and its influence on viscosity of selected bitumens. Dependence of the viscosity of bitumens on type and amount of the additives, temperature and ageing is described through experiments. Research findings show that the employment of different types of additives increases bitumen viscosity and positively effect the bitumen ageing resistance. Practical application of presented conclusions and recommendations will enable to improve the main characteristics of asphalt concrete pavements and traffic conditions on roads.
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Oksak, Serhii. "Determination of temperature regimes of producing of mastic asphalt concrete mixtures on bitumen binders of different consistency." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University 2, no. 92 (May 10, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.92.2.51.
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Abstract. Problem. The temperature of mastic as-phalts mixing is significantly higher than the one for hot asphalt mixtures. It is due using of high viscous bitumens as a mixture component and realizing the main advantage of mastic asphalt – its ability to flow and compact with its own weight at high tempera-ture. There is no uniform way to assign the process temperatures for mastic asphalt. Goal. To find the process temperatures for mastic asphalt with bitumen binders differ by viscosity as a researching on tem-perature influence and influence of binder concentra-tion on properties of mastic asphalt is a goal of this research work. Methodology. The mastic asphalt mixtures and asphalt concrete with conventional pavement bitumen 70/100 (penetration is 85 dmm) and high viscous bitumen (penetration is 38 dmm) are chosen for research. The mineral aggregates contain 42 % of crushed granite 5-10 mm, 33 % of granite screening and 33 % of limestone powder. The properties of mastic asphalts are evaluated with EN 12697-20:2003, SOU 42.1-37641918-106:2013 and DSTU EN 13108-6:2018. Results. It was found a significant influence of amount and viscosity of bitu-men and a temperature on workability of mastic as-phalt mixture and on properties of mastic asphalt concrete. Originality. The comparative analysis of workability of mastic asphalt mixture and properties of mastic asphalt concrete with bitumens differ in viscosity is a scientific originality of presented re-search. Practical value. Due to research results it is not reasonable to assign the temperature that sup-plies viscosity of 0.5 Pa•s as a temperature of mixing of mastic asphalt. The temperature conditions of mastic asphalt mixing are much higher (200 – 240 °C). To evaluate workability and find a minimal acceptable temperature of mixture it is possible to use the thickness of the mixture layer after spreading as an indicator. With this the acceptable workability of the mastic asphalt mixture can be characterized by thickness of its layer 30 mm or less after spreading.
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Maharaj, Rean, Rehana Ali, Dimitri Ramlochan, and Nazim Mohamed. "Utilization of coir fibre as an asphalt modifier." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 35, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477760618795996.
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The influence of added coir (coconut) fibre of various lengths (from 2.5 mm to 10 mm) and dosages (up to 8 wt%) on the rheological properties of Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) and Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB) was evaluated by measuring changes in the phase angle, δ (measure of the elasticity) and the complex modulus, G* (measure of the degree of stiffness). Results indicated that for both TLA and TPB, the highest values of G* (stiffest) and the lowest values of δ (most elastic) were observed for blends containing 2.5-mm coir fibre lengths for added coir concentrations of 6% and 8%, respectively. When compared to the unmodified TLA, the addition of 6 wt% of 2.5-mm coir fibre resulted in the largest significant increase in G* (7.3 times) as well as a significant decrease in δ (from 49.3° to 19.8°), representing a significant stiffening and increased elasticity of the modified blend. For TPB, the optimum concentration of added coir fibre occurred after the addition of 6 wt% of the 2.5-mm coir fibre, which resulted in the largest significant increase in G* of 5.4 times (stiffening) as well as a significant decrease in δ from 86.2° to 47.4° (increased elasticity as the material transformed from an almost viscous liquid to a semi-elastic solid) when compared to the unmodified pure TPB. The utilization of coir fibre for the rheological enhancement of Trinidad asphaltic materials can also provide an environmentally attractive option for solving the waste disposal issues associated with the dumping of waste coconut husk.
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Galkin, Andrey, and Yan Pyrig. "OVERVIEW OF BITUMEN BINDERS USED IN UKRAINE." Dorogi i mosti 2021, no. 23 (March 25, 2021): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2021.23.060.
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Introduction. Pavement bitumen is one of general road construction materials that are used for pavement construction. The quality of bitumen binder regulates specific technical and operational characteristics of asphalt pavements and their durability Problem Statement. Nowadays in Ukraine only one refinery plant produces pavement bitumen. The volume of its production is not enough to completely satisfy the demands of Ukrainian road construction industry. Due this a lot of binders in Ukraine are imported from other countries. In recent years the highest volumes of bitumen was imported from Republic of Belarus and Poland. In 2020 the amount of road construction works was increased, particularly with pavement repairing and new pavement constructing. It resulted in increasing in need in pavement bitumen that led not only to the high volume of import bitumen but to an expansion of the list of importing counties. Purpose. The presented study is aimed on analysis of quality of bitumen imported in Ukraine from eight countries. For these binders their features are obtained and problem of their applicability and its advisability in Ukraine road industry is considered. Materials and methods. As a material of research bitumens produced in Azerbaijan, the Republic of Belarus, Greece, Spain, Italy, Poland, Turkey and Ukraine are chosen. The standard quality properties are obtained in accordance with the actual in Ukraine standards ДСТУ 4044 and ДСТУ EN 12591. Beside this the attention is paid to the finding of fundamental properties of these binders, such as adhesion, cohesion and viscosity. Results. With the experimental data it is found that all bitumens significantly differ in their structural type. It results in differences in softening point and breaking point temperatures at the equal penetration value (this difference is in the range from 4.5 °С for the closer values to 16.5 °С for the most distinct values). This fact can influence on asphalt pavement properties and durability. Besides such a difference in a temperature susceptibility of binders their adhesion and cohesion properties differ too. Bitumen that tends to sol type of structure is characterized with higher cohesion and viscosity values. This peculiarity must be taken into account in mixing and compaction operations for the asphalts with such bitumen. The temperatures of these operations must be higher than one for bitumen close to the gel type. The low temperature susceptibility and wide plasticity interval are the advantages of bitumen that tends to gel type of structure. Conclusions. All bitumens that are imported in Ukraine must be certificated with ДСТУ 4044:2019 national standard requirements. Also they must be tested with additional methods to validate the decision on their implementation in road construction industry and to specify the implementation area. Keywords: paving bitumen, bitumen binder, penetration, softening point temperature, adhesion, cohesion, viscosity
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Huang, Wentong, Duanyi Wang, Peiyong He, Xiang Long, Bing Tong, Jun Tian, and Peng Yu. "Rheological Characteristics Evaluation of Bitumen Composites Containing Rock Asphalt and Diatomite." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (March 12, 2019): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9051023.
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Previous studies have showed that rock asphalt (RA) or diatomite were used to modify the petroleum bitumen. This paper presents the findings from a study conducted to evaluate the potential impact of RA and diatomite on the rheological characteristics of bitumen composites. RA and diatomite with three different dosages were added into the petroleum bitumen: 18% RA, 13% RA+7% diatomite, and 16% RA+9% diatomite by weight. The rheological characteristics of the RA and diatomite modified bitumens were evaluated in this study. The tests conducted included temperature sweep and frequency sweep tests with a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), a Brookfield rotation viscosity test, and a scanning electron microscope test. The research showed that the addition of RA and diatomite to petroleum bitumen considerably increased the apparent viscosity, dynamic shear modulus, and rutting resistance in bitumen specimens. However, the DSR test indicated a slight reduction in the fatigue performance of composites made of RA and diatomite modified bitumens. Overall, RA and diatomite are good modifiers for petroleum bitumen for a performance improvement.
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Yensusnimar, Desi. "Geochemical Properties of Heavy Oil in Central Sumatra Basin." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 44, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.44.3.710.
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Heavyoilcommonly occurs due to biodegradation, whichmade the lighter fractiondisappears and then leaves the heavier fraction. Heavy oil is characterized by asphaltic, solid, and viscous because it contains asphalthene. Chemically, heavy oils contain fewer hydrogen atoms than light oils. Bulk properties ofheavy oil in addition to having a specific gravity of less than 25° API gravity, high viscosity, and often contain (concentration) of heavy metals (vanadium, nickel) which is higher than light oil (normal oil). Geochemical analysis based on the gas chromatography (GC) chromatogram of heavy oil in the Central Sumatra Basin shows a different pattern. The chromatogram pattern eliminates the light molecular fractions of the compounds in biodegraded oil and tar sand/bitumen. According to their geochemical properties, there are 4 (four) types of heavy oil in the Central Sumatra Basin namely: Type l come from shallow reservoir, water wash, and full biodegradation/all alkane depleted); Type 2 come from shallow reservoir, meteoric water, and light biodegradation, only low molecular weight alkane depleted); Type 3 come from deep reservoir, vertical gravity segregation, decreased weight fraction, can be caused by oil conditions in thick reservoirs, covered by impermeable lithology and usually located on the edge of the field (flank). Type 4 which contains medium-heavy oil (27°API) and is difficult to produce.