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Academic literature on the topic 'ASR'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "ASR"

1

Rossi, Magdalena, Diego Lijavetzky, Darío Bernacchi, H. Esteban Hopp, and N. Iusem. "Asr." MGG Molecular & General Genetics 252, no. 4 (1996): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050254.

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Choi, Woo Zin, Young Hyun Lee, and Jung Yeol Beak. "A Study on Environmental Impact Assessment for Recycling of ASR." Korean Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 14, no. 1 (2013): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.62765/kjlca.2013.14.1.73.

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The shredding of waste automobiles results in a mixture of ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal and shredder waste, called automotive shredder residue(ASR). ASR often contains hazardous substances, however, currently, most of ASR is landfilled. It is very important to recycle ASR from end-of-life vehicles(ELVs) into raw materials and to recover energy from the ASR. In the present work, the physical and chemical characteristics of ASR have been investigated to promote the ASR recycling. In the present study, the test results on the apparent density, physical-chemical compositions, calorific values, and leaching properties for ASR samples will be presented. Environmental impacts are also evaluated in case of incineration of ASR.

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Trottier, Cassandra, and Leandro F. M. Sanchez. "Damage Generated and Propagated by the AAR Reactive Aggregate from Kingston, Ontario, Canada." Materials 17, no. 1 (2023): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17010166.

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It remains unclear in the literature what the cause of the so-called alkali–carbonate reaction (ACR) damage to concrete is. However, expansion and cracks as distress features are often attributed to the alkali–silica reaction (ASR). Therefore, this work aims to assess the damage to concrete generated and propagated by the so-called ACR-susceptible reactive aggregate through mechanical testing (i.e., the direct shear test), microscopy (the damage rating index—DRI), and other techniques. Distinct induced expansion levels (i.e., 0%, 0.05%, 0.12%, and 0.20%) were selected to compare the distress caused by ACR to concrete affected by ASR. The results show that the behavior of ACR, namely, as captured through the DRI, is inconsistent with that of ASR, thus attesting to ACR being a distinct distress mechanism. The damage captured through mechanical testing does not distinguish ACR from ASR; however, microscopy reveals that cracks in the cement paste are the main damage mechanism. The proportions of cracks in the cement paste are 40–50% of the total number of cracks, whereas open cracks in the aggregates normally characterizing ASR represent only up to 20% of the total cracks.

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Wakizaka, Y. "From ESR to ASR." Concrete Journal 47, no. 10 (2009): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj.47.10_30.

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Azimqulov, Javohir. "VII ASR O‘RTALARI – IX ASR BOSHLARI TURONDA HUNARMANDCHILIK." Moturidiylik 4, no. 3 (2025): 91–96. https://doi.org/10.47980/moturidiy/2024-3/12.

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Maqolada Umaviylar davlati tomonidan Movarounnahr hududi fath etilgan davrdan to Somoniylar sulolasi hokimiyatga kelganiga qadar bo‘lgan davrda bu hududda hunarmandchilik sohalarining rivoji va ularning iqtisodiy-ijtimoiy hayotga ta’siri keng tahlil etilgan. Movarounnahr hududining arablar tomonidan zabt etilishi va keyinchalik ular tomonidan amalga oshirilgan iqtisodiy islohotlar, mahalliy hunarmandchilikning yangi bosqichga ko‘tarilishiga sabab bo‘ldi. Arablar, Eron Sosoniylarini mag‘lub etgandan so‘ng, VII asrning o‘rtalaridan to IX asr boshlariga qadar Turon hududida o‘z ta’sirini kuchaytirish harakatlarini davom ettirishdi.Maqolada, bu davrda Movarounnahr hududida mavjud bo‘lgan hunarmandchilik sohalarining qanday rivojlanganligi, ba’zi hunar turlarining asta-sekin yo‘qolib borishi, yangi hunarmandchilik sohalarining paydo bo‘lishi haqida ma’lumot berilgan. Shu bilan birga, arablar istilosi bilan bog‘liq iqtisodiy-ijtimoiy o‘zgarishlar, jumladan, yangi hunarmandchilik turlarining paydo bo‘lishi va mahalliy iqtisodiyotga bo‘lgan ta’siri batafsil ko‘rib chiqilgan. Bu davr Movarounnahr iqtisodiy hayotining rivojida, xususan, hunarmandchilikning shakllanishida o‘ziga xos burilish davri bo‘ldi.Maqolada mazkur davr tarixining O‘zbek davlatchilik tarixidagi ahamiyati, arab istilosidan keyingi iqtisodiy-ijtimoiy munosabatlardagi o‘zgarishlar, va bu davrda hunarmandchilikning yangi bosqichga chiqishi, mavjud hunar turlarining takomillashishi yoki yo‘qolishi kabi masalalar tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda birlamchi manbalar va ilmiy adabiyotlardan foydalanilgan holda bu jarayonlarning muhim jihatlari haqida xulosalar taqdim etilgan. Mazkur davrni o‘rganish orqali bugungi hunarmandchilik an’analari, iqtisodiy munosabatlar va madaniy merosning kelib chiqishiga doir muhim ma’lumotlarga ega bo‘lish mumkin.

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Pinska-Chauvin, Ella, Hartmut Helmke, Jelena Dokic, Petri Hartikainen, Oliver Ohneiser, and Raquel García Lasheras. "Ensuring Safety for Artificial-Intelligence-Based Automatic Speech Recognition in Air Traffic Control Environment." Aerospace 10, no. 11 (2023): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10110941.

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This paper describes the safety assessment conducted in SESAR2020 project PJ.10-W2-96 ASR on automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology implemented for air traffic control (ATC) centers. ASR already now enables the automatic recognition of aircraft callsigns and various ATC commands including command types based on controller–pilot voice communications for presentation at the controller working position. The presented safety assessment process consists of defining design requirements for ASR technology application in normal, abnormal, and degraded modes of ATC operations. A total of eight functional hazards were identified based on the analysis of four use cases. The safety assessment was supported by top-down and bottom-up modelling and analysis of the causes of hazards to derive system design requirements for the purposes of mitigating the hazards. Assessment of achieving the specified design requirements was supported by evidence generated from two real-time simulations with pre-industrial ASR prototypes in approach and en-route operational environments. The simulations, focusing especially on the safety aspects of ASR application, also validated the hypotheses that ASR reduces controllers’ workload and increases situational awareness. The missing validation element, i.e., an analysis of the safety effects of ASR in ATC, is the focus of this paper. As a result of the safety assessment activities, mitigations were derived for each hazard, demonstrating that the use of ASR does not increase safety risks and is, therefore, ready for industrialization.

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Guillou, Sebastien, Clara Desgranges, and Sébastien Chevalier. "Study of the Growth Mechanism of some Oxide Scales on Alloy 230 in High Temperature Vapor Electrolysis (HTVE) Conditions." Defect and Diffusion Forum 323-325 (April 2012): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.323-325.577.

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Alloy 230 (also named Haynes® 230) was tested as interconnect for production of hydrogen via High Temperature Vapor Electrolysis (HTVE). Samples were oxidized at 800°C in the both atmospheres representative of the HTVE operating conditions: Ar-1%H2-9%H2O (for cathode side) and air (for anode side). The high temperature oxidation behaviour was studied in both atmospheres together with the electrical conductivity of the thermally grown oxide scales. Oxidation kinetics indicated lower oxidation rate in H2/H2O compared to air (kp = 3.8 .10-15 g2.cm-4.s-1 in H2/H2O and kp = 1.6 .10-14 g2.cm-4.s-1 in air). The corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy associated with X-ray diffraction analyses and energy dispersive X-ray analyses. The sample electrical behaviour was evaluated by determining the Area Specific Resistance (ASR). The ASR was higher in H2/H2O (ASR = 1 ohm.cm2) than in air (ASR = 0.04 ohm.cm2). The diffusion of proton or hydrogen containing species through the oxide scale is proposed to be responsible for the increase of the electrical conductivity in cathode side.

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Manente, Giovanni, Sebastiano Martignano, Antonio Ficarella, and Pasquale Cavaliere. "The pyrolysis and gasification pathways of automotive shredder residue targeting the production of fuels and chemicals." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385, no. 1 (2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012003.

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Abstract Automotive shredder residue (ASR), also referred to as car fluff, is the 15-25% of end-of-life vehicle’s mass remaining after de-pollution, dismantling, shredding of the hulk and removal of metals from the shredded fraction. ASR typically consists of metals, plastics, rubber, textile, wood and glass, and is commonly landfilled. The use of ASR as a fuel in incineration processes is controversial since toxic pollutants can be generated as by-products if operational conditions and gas cleaning systems are not carefully controlled. Thermochemical treatment of ASR consists of advanced technology processes that convert ASR components liable to decomposition under the application of heat into liquids and/or gases and a solid residue containing metals. Within the thermochemical treatment options for ASR, pyrolysis and gasification are generally considered as the emerging technologies. The pyrolysis process uses medium temperatures (400-600°C) and an oxygen-free environment to decompose ASR chemically, thus producing minimum emissions and allowing metals to be recovered. Gasification is operated at higher temperatures (>700-800°C) and typically uses air as a gasification agent, which raises some issues in terms of emissions. Lab and pilot-scale plants fed with ASR have been built using both technologies, also considering a combination of them. The aim of this paper is the identification of the best conversion pathway for the production of transportation fuels, aviation fuels or chemicals (hydrogen, methanol, etc.) from ASR. The intermediate products from gasification and pyrolysis are used as feedstock in secondary processes for the production of the final products. The heterogeneous and complex composition of ASR raises several challenges upon its thermochemical treatment, so that the second step of the conversion process is typically not even addressed. Instead, this further step is fundamental to obtain some valuable products that can directly replace fossil derived fuels or chemicals. The updated picture presented in this work should help identify the main advantages and drawbacks of the pyrolysis and gasification processes when considered part of an overall ASR to fuels or chemicals plant.

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Mamatova, Adolat. "XIX ASR OXIRI XX ASR BOSHLARIDA O'ZBEK MILLIY CHOLG'ULARI." SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM 2, no. 2 (2023): 29–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7614172.

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Ushbu maqolada XIX asrning oxiri XX asrning boshlarida O‘rta Osiyoga kelgan sayohatchilar bu yerdagi milliy musiqa cholg‘ularining rang-barangligi va turlarining ko‘pligini ko‘rib hayron qolishgan. Ular Chor Rossiyasi tomonidan bosib olingan yerlardan tashqari, hukumat qo‘shinlarining oyog‘i yetib bormagan tog‘li hududlarga ham borishga muvaffaq bo‘lishgan va turli joylardan musiqa cholg‘ularini arzon garovga sotib olib o‘z kollektsiyalarini yaratishgan. Ushbu sayohatlar davomida O‘rta Osiyodan olib ketilgan musiqa cholg‘ularining juda katta qismi Sankt Peterburgdagi Etnografiya instituti qoshidagi Pyotr I nomidagi muzeyida jamlangan.

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Gong, Fuyuan, Yuya Takahashi, and Koichi Maekawa. "Multi-scale computational modeling for concrete damage by mixed pore pressures – case of coupled alkali–silica reaction and cyclic freeze/thaw." Engineering Computations 35, no. 6 (2018): 2367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-11-2017-0431.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a multi-scale simulation approach for the concrete macro-mechanical damage caused by mixed micro-pore pressures, such as the coupled alkali–silica reaction (ASR) and freeze-thaw cycles (FTC). Design/methodology/approach The micro-physical events are computationally modeled by considering the coupling effect between ASR gel and condensed water in the mixed pressure and motion. The pressures and transport of pore substances are also linked with the concrete matrix deformation at macro-scale through a poro-mechanical approach, and affect each other, reciprocally. Once the crack happens in the nonlinear analysis, both the micro-events (water and gel motion) and the macro mechanics will be mutually interacted. Finally, different sequences of combined ASR and FTC are simulated. Findings The multi-chemo mechanistic computation can reproduce complex events in pore structures, and further the macro-damages. The results show that ASR can reduce the FTC expansion for non-air-entrained concrete, but may increase the frost damage for air-entrained concrete. The simulation is examined to bring about the observed phenomena. Originality/value This paper numerically clarifies the strong linkage between macro-mechanical deformation and micro-chemo-physical events for concrete composites under coupled ASR and FTC.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ASR"

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Wingard, David W. "Assessing ASR potential of hardened concrete and the use of rice husk ash to mitigate ASR." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202499589/.

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Park, Alex S. (Alex Seungryong) 1979. "ASR dependent techniques for speaker recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87287.

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Norberg, Sara, and Hadeel Sawasa. "Inverkan av alkalisilikareaktion (ASR) på lamelldammars bärförmåga." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229185.

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Dammar är en viktig konstruktion i Sverige och i världen bland annat för vattenförsörjning, reglering av flöden och elproduktion. En expansion på grund av en alkalisilikareaktion (ASR) i en betongdamm kan leda till många problem. Bland annat kan det uppstå läckage av vatten och problem med öppning och stängning av luckor. Mycket forskning har lagts ner på att ta reda på hur ASR påverkar hållfastheten och bärförmågan hos betong. Detta examensarbete syftar till att genom en litteraturstudie visa hur bärförmågan hos en lamelldamm påverkas av en alkalisilikareaktion. I den första delen beskrivs vad en lamelldamm är och principer för dimensioneringen av en monolit. I den andra delen visas hur ASR uppstår och vad reaktionen kan leda till. Det visas även på sätt att hämma reaktionen. I den tredje delen visas på ett sätt att undersöka och uppskatta skadan av ASR i en lamelldamm. I den fjärde delen visas på hur ASR påverkar hållfastheten hos oarmerad betong och även bärförmågan i en armerad konstruktion. Resultaten visar att även om den oarmerade betongens hållfasthet påverkas mycket av ASR påverkas inte bärförmågan hos en lamelldamm i samma utsträckning. Detta gäller dock under förutsättning att dammen är tillräckligt armerad med längsgående armering i båda riktningar och att byglar är insatta. Att bärförmågan inte påverkas i stor utsträckning gäller även endast om expansionen i betongen är låg till måttlig.<br>Dams are an important structure in Sweden and around the world regarding water supply, regulation of flows and power generation. An expansion due to an alkalisilicareaction (ASR) in a concrete dam can lead to many problems. Among other things it may cause leakage of water, and problems with opening and closing of gates. A lot of research has been done to find out how ASR affects the strength and load carrying capacity of concrete. This thesis aims, through a literature review, to show how the load carrying capacity of a buttress dam is influenced by an alkalisilicareaction. The first part describes what a buttress dam is and principles for the design of a monolith. The second part shows how ASR occurs and what the reaction could result in. It also shows ways to inhibit the reaction. The third part displays a way to investigate and estimate the damage of ASR in a buttress dam. The fourth section shows how ASR affects the strength of unreinforced concrete and the load carrying capacity of a reinforced structure. The results show that while the unreinforced concrete strength is greatly affected by ASR the resistance of a buttress is not affected to the same extent. However, this is provided that the dam is sufficiently reinforced with longitudinal reinforcement in both directions and that shear reinforcement are present. This also applies only if the expansion in the concrete is low to moderate.

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Olivares, Cotal José Luis. "Plataforma de aprendizaje de segundo idioma con ASR." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113043.

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Ingeniero Civil Electricista<br>Las redes de datos que permiten acceder a la información desde cualquier lugar del mundo están cada vez más cerca del publico en general. Este hecho, asociado al empleo de browser o navegadores ampliamente difundidos y de fácil uso, posibilita el desarrollo de sistema de enseñanza en linea. Esta memoria se centra en el desarrollo de una plataforma de enseñanza basada en las redes y sistemas Web. Se emplea la técnica de Reconocimiento Automático de Voz (Automatic Speech Recognition, ASR), una base de datos relacional llamada Postgresql y un servidor HTTP cuyo nombre es Tomcat. Para el desarrollo se emplearon lo modelos Cliente Servidor, Vista Controlador y la Arquitectura AJAX. La estructura de la base de datos y las lecciones se diseñaron de manera que futuras revisiones se puedan realizar con facilidad. Se destaca el empleo de un formato ligero y compatible para la transferencia de datos por medio de JavaScript Object Notation. El programa permite el almacenamiento de las lecciones, el registro de la información de uso y el envío-recepción de datos asincrónicos entre el servidor y el cliente. El trabajo finaliza con un análisis de estabilidad y robustez del sistema por medio de la carga de 150 usuarios simultáneos. Para realizar esta prueba fue empleado Jmeter, un software gráfico para el análisis de carga y desempeño de sistemas Web. Como trabajo a futuro se propone el empleo de HTML5 como lenguaje de reemplazo del Applet, para el envío de los datagramas de voz. El sistema al estar basado en servicios se puede configurar para trabajar en paralelo de modo que se está frente a un sistema escalable a nivel de servicios.

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Svensson, Björn. "Modellering av svällande betong : Alkali-silikatreaktion (ASR) i en befintligturbininneslutning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-208459.

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För att bibehålla elnätet stabilt är det viktigt för elproducenterna attkunna möta samhällets behov av elkraft. Detta behov varierar beroendepå tid på dygnet och även av årstid. Att kunna samla energi då behovetär lågt, för att sedan utvinna och distribuera energi då behovet ökar ärdärför viktigt. Vattenkraft är en av de energikällor som är enklast attreglera. Denna energi är dessutom relativt miljövänlig. Att ha en stabiloch säker vattenkraft är därför viktigt för samhället.I detta examensarbete har vissa problem som kan uppstå i ettvattenkraftverkets studerats, närmare bestämt alkali-silikatreaktion ibetong. Denna reaktion framträder genom att betongen sväller. Tillföljd av detta kan konstruktionen spricka. Detta beror på att en gelbildas när alkalier och kisel reagerar med varandra. Denna gel kan taupp vatten och då svälla.En specifik vattenkraftstation har i detta examensarbete studeratsnärmare, nämligen Malgomaj kraftverk. Detta är en anläggning somligger i ett område där, till skillnad från övriga Sverige, det finnsbergarter som har en medelsnabb reaktion med avseende på alkalikiselreaktion.Att denna geografiska placering blir ett problem beror påatt det stenmaterial som finns att tillgå i vattenkraftstationens närhethar använts som ballast i anläggningens betongkonstruktion.I den vattenkraftstation som studeras har problem iakttagits på grundav svällningar av betongkonstruktionen kring turbinen. För att få enuppskattning om hur vattenkraftstationens deformationer i framtidenkommer att utbildas har en modell av problemområdet byggts uppmed hjälp av finita elementmetoden, en så kallad FEM-modell. Dennamodell kalibreras mot mätdata och ska sedan ligga till grund för enuppskattning av vattenkraftstationens livslängd.Resultatet från undersökningen i detta examensarbete visar attdeformationerna är små men betydande för vattenkraftstationensmöjlighet till att fortsätta sin energiproduktion.<br>To maintain a stable power grid, it is important for electricity producers to meetsociety's need for electricity. This need will vary depending on time of day and eventhe season. Being able to accumulate energy when demand is low, and regain energywhen demand increases, is therefore important. Hydropower is one of the energysources that are easiest to regulate. Having a stable and secure hydropower istherefore important for society.In this thesis one problem that can occur in a hydroelectric plant has been studied,namely alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete. This reaction causes the concrete toswell, due to a formation of gel when alkali and silicon react together.A specific hydropower station has been studied in detail, namely Malgomajhydropower plant. This is a facility that is located in an area where, unlike the rest ofSweden, there are stone materials that have a moderately rapid reaction with respectto the ASR.Problems for this hydroelectric power station have been observed because of swellingof the concrete structure surrounding the turbine. To get an estimate prognosis ofhow the hydropower plant will deform in the future, a finite element method-model(FEM-model) has be created of the problem area. This model is calibrated againstmeasured data and will then form the basis for an appreciation of the hydropowerstation's remaining lifetime.The results in this thesis show that the deformations are small but significant for thehydropower station's opportunity to continue its energy production.

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Gao, Xiao Xiao. "Contribution to the requalification of alkali silica reaction (ASR) damaged structures : assessment of the ASR advancement in aggregates by alkali silica reaction." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0034/document.

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Afin de répondre aux questions des propriétaires de structures atteintes de réaction alcali-silice (RAS), ce travail se concentre sur une partie d'une méthodologie globale, proposée initialement par le LMDC et EDF, et dont le but est l'étude du comportement mécanique des constructions endommagées par la RAS. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l'avancement chimique de la RAS des granulats récupérés dans les structures affectées doit être évalué. Ainsi, ce travail est consacré à la quantification de la silice potentiellement réactive des granulats, par l'utilisation de deux approches : une approche indirecte par un test d'expansion et une approche directe par des méthodes chimiques. La présentation du manuscrit s'articule autour des points suivants :• Un test d'expansion pertinent et rapide sur mortiers pour relier la quantité de silice réactive à l'expansion mesurée. Les conditions expérimentales suivantes ont été choisies pour tester différentes tailles et natures de granulats, ainsi que différentes tailles d'éprouvettes : solution de NaOH à 1 mol/l et température de conservation de 60°C.• Une méthode chimique rapide de dissolution sélective pour mesurer directement la quantité de silice réactive disponible pour la RAS. La méthode HF / HF+HCl a été trouvé comme étant la plus efficace.• Un modèle chemo-mécanique pour analyser les effets de la taille des granulats et des éprouvettes, et évaluer l'avancement chimique de la réaction.Finalement, une méthodologie est proposée pour calculer la constante cinétique de la réaction dans le cadre de la requalification des structures atteintes de RAS<br>In order to answer the questions of the ASR-affected structures owners, this work focused on a part of a global methodology, which is proposed originally by the LMDC and EDF, aiming to reassess the mechanical behavior of ASR-damaged constructions. To achieve this purpose, the chemical advancement of ASR in the aggregates recovered from the structure should be evaluated. Thus, this work focuses on the assessment of the potentially reactive silica content with two main methods: indirectly by expansion test and directly by chemical methods. The presentation of this manuscript is around the following points: • A relevant and rapid expansion test on mortars to link the reactive silica content to measured expansion. The experimental condition: 1 mol/l NaOH solution conserved at 60°C is chosen to test different aggregate sizes, specimen sizes and natures of aggregate. • A fast chemical method of selective dissolution to measure directly the silica available for ASR. Acid/basic methods are tested and compared; HF / HF+HCl method is found to be the most effective. • A chemo-mechanical model to analyze the effect of aggregate size and specimen size, and evaluate the chemical advancement of ASR. Finally, a methodology is proposed to calculate the kinetics constant in the framework of structural requalification. Key words: alkali-silica reaction (ASR), chemical advancement, reactive silica, expansion test, chemical test, chemo-mechanical model, kinetic constant, selective dissolution

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Podder, Sushil. "Unsupervised Clustering and Automatic Language Model Generation for ASR." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/933.

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The goal of an automatic speech recognition system is to enable the computer in understanding human speech and act accordingly. In order to realize this goal, language modeling plays an important role. It works as a knowledge source through mimicking human comprehension mechanism in understanding the language. Among many other approaches, statistical language modeling technique is widely used in automatic speech recognition systems. However, the generation of reliable and robust statistical model is very difficult task, especially for a large vocabulary system. For a large vocabulary system, the performance of such a language model degrades as the vocabulary size increases. Hence, the performance of the speech recognition system also degrades due to the increased complexity and mutual confusion among the candidate words in the language model. In order to solve these problems, reduction of language model size as well as minimization of mutual confusion between words are required. In our work, we have employed clustering techniques, using self-organizing map, to build topical language models. Moreover, in order to capture the inherent semantics of sentences, a lexical dictionary, WordNet has been used in the clustering process. This thesis work focuses on various aspects of clustering, language model generation, extraction of task dependent acoustic parameters, and their implementations under the framework of the CMU Sphinx3 speech engine decoder. The preliminary results, presented in this thesis show the effectiveness of the topical language models.

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Ogun, Sewade. "Generating diverse synthetic data for ASR training data augmentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0116.

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Au cours des deux dernières décennies, le taux d'erreur des systèmes de reconnaissance automatique de la parole (RAP) a chuté drastiquement, les rendant ainsi plus utiles dans les applications réelles. Cette amélioration peut être attribuée à plusieurs facteurs, dont les nouvelles architectures utilisant des techniques d'apprentissage profond, les nouveaux algorithmes d'entraînement, les ensembles de données d'entraînement grands et diversifiés, et l'augmentation des données. En particulier, les jeux de données d'entraînement de grande taille ont été essentiels pour apprendre des représentations robustes de la parole pour les systèmes de RAP. Leur taille permet de couvrir efficacement la diversité inhérente à la parole, en terme de voix des locuteurs, de vitesse de parole, de hauteur, de réverbération et de bruit. Cependant, la taille et la diversité des jeux de données disponibles dans les langues bien dotées ne sont pas accessibles pour les langues moyennement ou peu dotées, ainsi que pour des domaines à vocabulaire spécialisé comme le domaine médical. Par conséquent, la méthode populaire pour augmenter la diversité des ensembles de données est l'augmentation des données. Avec l'augmentation récente de la naturalité et de la qualité des données synthétiques pouvant être générées par des systèmes de synthèse de la parole (TTS) et de conversion de voix (VC), ces derniers sont également devenus des options viables pour l'augmentation des données de RAP. Cependant, plusieurs problèmes limitent leur application. Premièrement, les systèmes de TTS/VC nécessitent des données de parole de haute qualité pour l'entraînement. Par conséquent, nous développons une méthode de curation d'un jeux de données à partir d'un corpus conçu pour la RAP pour l'entraînement d'un système de TTS. Cette méthode exploite la précision croissante des estimateurs de qualité non intrusifs basés sur l'apprentissage profond pour filtrer les échantillons de haute qualité. Nous explorons le filtrage du jeux de données de RAP à différents seuils pour équilibrer sa taille, le nombre de locuteurs et la qualité. Avec cette méthode, nous créons un ensemble de données interlocuteurs de haute qualité, comparable en qualité à LibriTTS. Deuxièmement, le processus de génération de données doit être contrôlable pour générer des données TTS/VC diversifiées avec des attributs spécifiques. Les systèmes TTS/VC précédents conditionnent soit le système sur l'empreinte du locuteur seule, soit utilisent des modèles discriminatifs pour apprendre les variabilités de la parole. Dans notre approche, nous concevons une architecture améliorée basée sur le flux qui apprend la distribution de différentes variables de la parole. Nous constatons que nos modifications augmentent significativement la diversité et la naturalité des énoncés générés par rapport à une référence GlowTTS, tout en étant contrôlables. Enfin, nous avons évalué l'importance de générer des données des TTS et VC diversifiées pour augmenter les données d'entraînement de RAP. Contrairement à la génération naïve des données TTS/VC, nous avons examiné indépendamment différentes approches telles que les méthodes de sélection des phrases et l'augmentation de la diversité des locuteurs, la durée des phonèmes et les contours de hauteur, en plus d'augmenter systématiquement les conditions environnementales des données générées. Nos résultats montrent que l'augmentation TTS/VC est prometteuse pour augmenter les performances de RAP dans les régimes de données faibles et moyen. En conclusion, nos expériences fournissent un aperçu des variabilités particulièrement importantes pour la RAP et révèlent une approche systématique de l'augmentation des données de RAP utilisant des données synthétiques<br>In the last two decades, the error rate of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems has drastically dropped, making them more useful in real-world applications. This improvement can be attributed to several factors including new architectures using deep learning techniques, new training algorithms, large and diverse training datasets, and data augmentation. In particular, the large-scale training datasets have been pivotal to learning robust speech representations for ASR. Their large size allows them to effectively cover the inherent diversity in speech, in terms of speaker voice, speaking rate, pitch, reverberation, and noise. However, the size and diversity of datasets typically found in high-resourced languages are not available in medium- and low-resourced languages and in domains with specialised vocabulary like the medical domain. Therefore, the popular method to increase dataset diversity is through data augmentation. With the recent increase in the naturalness and quality of synthetic data that can be generated by text-to-speech (TTS) and voice conversion (VC) systems, these systems have also become viable options for ASR data augmentation. However, several problems limit their application. First, TTS/VC systems require high-quality speech data for training. Hence, we develop a method of dataset curation from an ASR-designed corpus for training a TTS system. This method leverages the increasing accuracy of deep-learning-based, non-intrusive quality estimators to filter high-quality samples. We explore filtering the ASR dataset at different thresholds to balance the size of the dataset, number of speakers, and quality. With this method, we create a high-quality multi-speaker dataset which is comparable to LibriTTS in quality. Second, the data generation process needs to be controllable to generate diverse TTS/VC data with specific attributes. Previous TTS/VC systems either condition the system on the speaker embedding alone or use discriminative models to learn the speech variabilities. In our approach, we design an improved flow-based architecture that learns the distribution of different speech variables. We find that our modifications significantly increase the diversity and naturalness of the generated utterances over a GlowTTS baseline, while being controllable. Lastly, we evaluated the significance of generating diverse TTS and VC data for augmenting ASR training data. As opposed to naively generating the TTS/VC data, we independently examined different approaches such as sentence selection methods and increasing the diversity of speakers, phoneme duration, and pitch contours, in addition to systematically increasing the environmental conditions of the generated data. Our results show that TTS/VC augmentation holds promise in increasing ASR performance in low- and medium-data regimes. In conclusion, our experiments provide insight into the variabilities that are particularly important for ASR, and reveal a systematic approach to ASR data augmentation using synthetic data

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Kandiah, Pakeerathan. "Characterisation and molecular mapping of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in wheat." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16915.

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This investigation was carried out for the characterisation and chromosomal locations of resistance to rust diseases in common wheat and durum wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. A new seedling stripe rust resistance gene (tentatively named YrAW10) was identified in common wheat landrace Aus27696. This gene is effective against both pre-2002 and post-2002 Australian Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) pathotypes. YrAW10 was located in 3BL-A02-FL-0.22 deletion bin of chromosome 3B and was flanked by SNP markers KASP_13376 and KASP_8775. Yr29/Lr46-linked marker SNPLr46G22 indicated the presence of this gene in Aus27696. The presence of Lr16 was confirmed on the basis of infection type produced by Aus91433 and controls (Thatcher + Lr16 and Exchange) against Puccinia triticina (Pt) pathotype 104-1,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,12+Lr37 and linked marker location in the short arm of chromosome 2B. Lr16 was not effective against the Pt pathotypes used in field study. Genotype C16.14 was proved to carry at least two adult plant resistance (APR) genes located on chromosomes 1D and 3B through iSelect 90K SNP based selective genotyping of C16.14/Aus91433 RILs. The chromosome 3B located resistance was proved to be Lr74 through genotyping of markers closely linked with this gene. In addition to Yr29/Lr46, two other consistent QTL for stripe resistance were detected in Arrivato/Bansi RIL population through DArTseq mapping. QYr.sun-1BS.1 corresponded to Yr24 and QYr.sun-1BS.2 was temporarily named YrAr. Both of these genes produced intermediate responses when present alone. Two QTL located on different linkage groups of chromosome 2B were identified in addition to Lr46/Yr29. QLr.sun-2B.1 appeared to be either a new gene or an allele of Lr16. Aus27506 was shown to carry QLr.sun-2D in addition to Lr46 and QLr.sun-2B was contributed by Aus27229 in Aus27506/Aus27229 population. QLr.sun-2D and QLr.sun-2B appears to be new loci. Comparison of chitin accumulation in the flag leaves with the performance of QTL indicated that combination of two QTL prevent the fungal growth resulting in low disease severity.

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Musaoglu, Orhan. "Effect Of Reinforcement And Pre-stressing Force On Asr Expansion." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614872/index.pdf.

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Alkali Silica Reaction in concrete is a chemical deterioration process occurring between alkalis in cement paste and reactive aggregates. ASR increases expansion and cracking as well as other durability problems such as freezing and thawing. It is most probable that concrete structure will collapse unless mechanical, mineral, or chemical preventive measures are taken against ASR or this problem is realized and solved in the design stage of the concrete structure or later on. Rather than ordinary preventive measures in which mineral admixtures are used, mechanical ones were investigated in this study. In the experiment done by using the accelerated mortar bar method, reinforced concrete specimens on which pre-stressing force was applied were examined. The effects of reinforcement ratio and pre-stressing force on ASR based expansion and cracking were studied. Expansion and cracking developments in time were followed, and the connection between these phenomena and the energy produced by ASR was made. By applying the same mechanical preventive measures on the specimens prepared by using different reactive aggregates, the effectiveness of these methods with respect to the degree of v ASR was investigated. Also, the methods in question were compared with traditional preventive measures (fly ash). The investigation results show that reinforcement and pre-stressing force play a significant role in diminishing the effects of ASR.Keywords:Alkali-Silica Reaction, Reinforced Concrete Specimen, Pre-stressed Concrete, Mechanical Preventive Measures, Energy of ASR

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Books on the topic "ASR"

1

K, Bŭronov, ed. Olti asr adolati. "Ŭzbekiston", 1998.

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Mirzozoda, Ghaĭbullo. Tafsiri surai "Asr". Paëmi oshno, 2014.

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Baydūn, Ḥusayn. Anṣār: Ghaḍab al-asr. Ḥ. Bayḍūn], 1985.

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Raḣmonova, I︠U︡lduzkhon. Khiva shaḣri tarikhi: (anʺana va ŭzgarishlar, XVI asr--XX asr boshlari). Akademnashr, 2019.

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Nasritdinov, Qobulzhon. Farghona vodiĭsining sughorilish tarikhi: (XIX asr ikkinchi--XX asr birinchi i︠a︡rmi). I︠A︡ngi Asr Avlodi, 2009.

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editor, Ashirov A. A., ред. Ŭzbekiston ḣududida anʺanaviĭ ėtnoslararo zharaënlar: (XIX asr okhiri--XX asr boshlari). Yangi nashr, 2011.

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Kurakhmedov, Azamat. XIX asr ikkinchi i︠a︡rmi-XX asr boshlarida Samarqandning iqtisodiĭ va madaniĭ ḣaëti. "Fan" nashriėti, 2009.

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Toshev, Kh. XIX asr okhiri-XX asr boshlarida Zarafshon ŭzbeklarining khŭzhaligi va izhtimoiĭ turmushi. Ŭzbekiston SSR "Fan" nashriëti, 1987.

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Sharipov, Rustam. Ŭzbekiston khalqlari siësiĭ-ḣuquqiĭ taʺlimotlari tarikhi (XIX asr okhiri - XX asr boshlari). Toshkent Davlat I︠U︡ridik Instituti, 2004.

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Zii︠a︡ev, Kh Z. Ŭzbekiston mustamlaka va zulm iskanzhasida: XIX asr ikkinchi iarmi -- XX asr boshlari. "Sharq" Nashriët-Matbaa Akt︠s︡ii︠a︡dorlik Kompanii︠a︡si Bosh Taḣririi︠a︡ti, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "ASR"

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Gooch, Jan W. "ASR." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_842.

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Schuh, Jürgen. "Antriebsschlupfregelung ASR." In Bremsen und Bremsregelsysteme. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-9714-5_7.

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Reif, Konrad. "Antriebsschlupfregelung ASR." In Fahrstabilisierungssysteme und Fahrerassistenzsysteme. Vieweg+Teubner, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-9717-6_4.

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Niewels, Frank, and Jürgen Schuh. "Antriebsschlupfregelung ASR." In Grundlagen Fahrzeug- und Motorentechnik. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12636-0_28.

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Niewels, Frank, and Jürgen Schuh. "Antriebsschlupfregelung ASR." In Bremsregelsysteme und Fahrerassistenzsysteme 2. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18101-7_2.

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Carmona, Ricardo, and Manuel Sanchez. "Asr Absorptance Measurements." In The IEA/SSPS High Flux Experiment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52291-8_5.

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Tapas, M. J., K. Vessalas, P. Thomas, N. Gowripalan, and V. Sirivivatnanon. "Composition of Alkali–Silica Reaction Products in Laboratory and Field Concrete." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_5.

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AbstractThis study investigated the composition of alkali–silica reaction (ASR) products formed in mortar and concrete that underwent accelerated ASR testing using two test methods: the accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT) and the simulated pore solution immersion test (SPSM). The composition of the ASR products formed in the accelerated tests was compared with those in a 25-year old bridge in New South Wales demolished due to ASR. Results showed that the ASR products inside an aggregate contained calcium (≈20%), silicon (≈60%), and alkalis (≈20%) regardless of the ASR test method used. The ASR products in the AMBT sample only contained sodium, whereas the ASR products in the SPSM test and the demolished bridge both contained significant amounts of sodium and potassium, which indicated that the type of alkali in the ASR product is largely affected by the dominant alkali in the pore solution. However, considering that the total alkali content (Na + K) in the ASR products was similar regardless of the ASR test method used, this suggests that the total alkali content has more influence on the rate of expansion than the type of alkali. The composition of the ASR products also notably varied depending on the location in the concrete. ASR products closer to the cement paste had a higher calcium and lower alkali content than those inside an aggregate, which suggests that the calcium as well as the alkali content of the ASR products plays a significant role in the degree of ASR expansion.

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Nsiah-Baafi, E., M. J. Tapas, K. Vessalas, P. Thomas, and V. Sirivivatnanon. "Characterization of the Nano- and Microscale Deterioration Mechanism of the Alkali–Silica Reaction in Concrete Using Neutron and X-ray Scattering Techniques: A Review." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_47.

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AbstractAlkali–silica reaction (ASR) is one of the most recognized chemical reactions that lead to the deterioration and premature failure of concrete. The severity of ASR is largely dependent on the expansive nature of the reaction product (ASR gel). As such, it is important to expound the developed knowledge on the formation, structure, composition, and swelling mechanism of ASR gel, to provide a greater understanding of ASR deterioration and to facilitate the development of more reliable prediction and mitigation methods. We present a summary of existing methods for assessing ASR and the state-of-the-art techniques that use neutron and X-ray scattering methods to characterize the nano- and microstructural properties of concrete and elucidate the potential transport dynamics of reactants that determine the mechanism and extent of ASR.

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Cao, J., N. Gowripalan, V. Sirivivatnanon, and J. Nairn. "Investigation of ASR Effects on the Load-Carrying Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Elements by Ultra-Accelerated Laboratory Test." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_7.

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AbstractThe alkali–silica reaction (ASR) can cause expansion, cracking, and degradation of the mechanical properties of affected concrete. Concerns about the safety of ASR-damaged reinforced concrete structures have driven the demand for studying the effects of ASR on residual load capacity of the deteriorated structure. Conventionally, field load testing methods are used to assess the residual load capacity of ASR-affected structures. In this study, a novel accelerated laboratory test using the LVSA 50/70 autoclave to accelerate ASR was applied to investigate the flexural and shear behavior of small-scale reinforced concrete beams affected by ASR. The specimens were subjected to three cycles of 80 °C steam curing at atmospheric pressure in the autoclave, with 60 h/cycle. Significant expansion and ASR damage were observed. Load carrying capacity tests on the small-scale reinforced concrete beams showed that, at the expansion levels achieved, the flexural capacity of the reinforced concrete beams was not significantly affected. Shear resistance of the reinforced concrete beams, however, was found to increase compared with their 28-day counterparts, which could be attributed to the prestressing effect due to ASR expansion. It appears that the multicycle 80 °C steam-curing autoclave test is suitable for investigating ASR deterioration of actual concrete mixes within a short period of time. ASR effects on the load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete elements at higher expansion levels, however, need further investigation.

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Brinner, Andreas. "ASR Surface Temperature Measurements." In The IEA/SSPS High Flux Experiment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52291-8_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "ASR"

1

Surinrangsee, Atsadawut, and Ausdang Thangthai. "From ASR to TTS: Enhancing Synthesis with Cleaned ASR Data." In 2024 19th International Joint Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing (iSAI-NLP). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/isai-nlp64410.2024.10799494.

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Nguyen, Thai-Binh, and Alexander Waibel. "MSA-ASR: Efficient Multilingual Speaker Attribution with frozen ASR Models." In ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889116.

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Polok, Alexander, Dominik Klement, Matthew Wiesner, Sanjeev Khudanpur, Jan Černocký, and Lukáš Burget. "Target Speaker ASR with Whisper." In ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10887683.

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Ding, Wen, Fei Jia, Hainan Xu, Yu Xi, Junjie Lai, and Boris Ginsburg. "Romanization Encoding For Multilingual ASR." In 2024 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/slt61566.2024.10832233.

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Patil, Ratna, Amar Buchade, Gitanjali Yadav, Nakul Sharma, Sarthak Joshi, and Anushka Bhokare. "YouTube Video Summarizer Using ASR." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Distributed Systems Security (ICBDS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icbds61829.2024.10837316.

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P, Thara, Mohammed Azneed, Muhammad Sanas, Jithu Prakash P. M, Harsh P. Naik, and Divya B. "Subtitle Synchronization Using Whisper ASR Model." In 2024 International Conference on Power, Energy, Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icpects62210.2024.10780268.

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Seo, Jean, Minha Kang, SungJoo Byun, and Sangah Lee. "ManWav: The First Manchu ASR Model." In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on NLP Applications to Field Linguistics (Field Matters 2024). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.fieldmatters-1.2.

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Shah, Muhammad A., and Bhiksha Raj. "Revisiting Acoustic Features for Robust ASR." In ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889020.

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Kastner, Kyle, Gary Wang, Isaac Elias, et al. "Speech Re-Painting for Robust ASR." In ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10888357.

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Yang, Guanrou, Ziyang Ma, Zhifu Gao, Shiliang Zhang, and Xie Chen. "CTC-Assisted LLM-Based Contextual ASR." In 2024 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/slt61566.2024.10832154.

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Reports on the topic "ASR"

1

Tobin, K. W. Benchmarking, Research, Development, and Support for ORNL Automated Image and Signature Retrieval (AIR/ASR) Technologies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940300.

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Sadek, Fahim, Travis Thonstad, Sorin Marcu, et al. Structural Performance of Nuclear Power Plant Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Task 1: Assessing In-Situ Mechanical Properties of ASR-Affected Concrete. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2121.

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Rutledge, Steven A. Use of DOE SGP Radars in Support of ASR Modeling Activities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1228760.

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Clayton, Dwight A., Dr Lev Khazanovich, and Lucio Salles. Linear Array Ultrasonic Test Results from Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Specimens. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1248797.

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Venkatachalam, Chandrasekar. Scanning Radar Investigations to Characterize Cloud and Precipitation Processes for ASR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1338623.

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Thonstad, Travis, Jonathan M. Weigand, Fahim Sadek, et al. Structural Performance of Nuclear Power Plant Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Task 2: Assessing Bond and Anchorage of Reinforcing Bars in ASR-Affected Concrete. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2127.

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Qu, Jianmin, Zdenek Bazant, Laurence Jacobs, and Maria Guimaraes. Nonlinear Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Prognosis of ASR Damage in Dry Cask Storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1253945.

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Clothiaux, Eugene Edmund. Final Technical Report: Moving ASR Cloud Microphysical Retrievals Beyond the Vertical Column. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1429861.

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Zhang, Minghua. Development of Integrated ASR Model Forcing Data and Their Applications to Improve CAM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1233588.

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Mace, Gerald G. Development of Cloud and Precipitation Property Retrieval Algorithms and Measurement Simulators from ASR Data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1237457.

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