Journal articles: 'Assaults against'

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Dhumad, Saleh, Anusha Wijeratne, and Ian Treasaden. "Violence against psychiatrists by patients: survey in a London mental health trust." Psychiatric Bulletin 31, no. 10 (October 2007): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.106.012815.

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Aims and MethodA survey was undertaken to investigate assaults of psychiatrists by patients in a 12-month period. Surveys were sent to 199 psychiatrists representing all sub-specialties and grades in a London mental health trust.ResultsThere were 129 returned responses (response rate 64.8%). In the 12-month study period, 12.4% of all psychiatrists and 32.4% of senior house officers were assaulted. None received or took up offers of formal, as opposed to informal, psychological support. Most assaults occurred on a psychiatric ward. Vulnerability to assaults was not influenced by courses on prevention and management of violence or by the attitudes of psychiatrists to violence by psychiatric patients.Clinical ImplicationsSenior house officers are most vulnerable to assaults. Greater attention may need to be given to psychiatric wards where most assaults occurred. Trusts should ensure that those assaulted are identified and offered support.

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Barrick, Kelle, Kevin J. Strom, and Nicholas Richardson. "Individual and situational influences on injurious assaults against the police." Policing: An International Journal 41, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-09-2016-0144.

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Purpose Violence against the police represents an ongoing and serious problem in the USA. In 2014, over 48,000 law enforcement officers assaulted while on duty. Although over one in four of these resulted in injury, little is known about the conditions under which injury is likely to occur. The purpose of this paper is to provide an assessment of the individual and situational factors that predict injurious assaults against law enforcement. Design/methodology/approach Using logistic regression, the current study analyzes data from the 2012 National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) on all assaults against the police (n=8,987) in order to understand, within a routine activities theoretical framework, how individual-level characteristics (i.e. officer and offender characteristics) and situational influences (i.e. assignment type, activity type, and location) predict the likelihood that an assault will result in injury. Findings Overall, findings suggest support for a routine activities theory of violence against the police. Initiating an arrest, one-officer vehicle type, and incidents occurring on highways/roads were all more likely to result in injurious assaults against the police. Other predictors of injury include officer and offender demographics as well as the time the incident took place. Research limitations/implications This research was unable to control for some factors that may influence the likelihood of injury such as wearing body armor. Additionally, NIBRS data are not nationally representative, which limits the generalizability of the findings. Originality/value This is one of the first papers to use national data to examine the individual and situational factors that predict injurious assaults against law enforcement.

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Walker, Zuzana, and Ruth Seifert. "Violent Incidents in a Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit." British Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 6 (June 1994): 826–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.6.826.

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A prospective study was undertaken of physical assaults over six months in a newly opened psychiatric intensive care unit. There were 58 admissions of 48 patients, and 37 assaults, three against other patients, and 34 against nursing and medical staff. Features which correlated with committing assault were a criminal record and previous drug abuse. Assaults occurred most frequently during the week, at times when staff were actively involved with the patients.

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Kwok, Stephanie, Britta Ostermeyer, and John Coverdale. "A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Patient Assaults Against Residents." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-11-00184.1.

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Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature on the prevalence of patient assaults against residents in all specialties, and to identify curricula that address this issue. Methods The authors searched published English-language literature using PubMed and Scopus databases using key terms including “patient,” “assaults,” “threats,” “violence,” “aggression,” and “residents.” A separate search to identify curricula used the same terms in combination with key words including “curriculum,” “didactics,” and “course.” Bibliographies of studies found by electronic searches were also searched manually. Results Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 7 were conducted on psychiatry residents alone, 6 assessed assaults on residents in nonpsychiatric specialties, and 2 reported cross-specialty data. The prevalence of assaults was defined as the percentage of residents who have experienced at least one assault. The prevalence of physical assaults on residents was 38% in surgery, 26% in emergency medicine, 16% to 40% in internal medicine, 5% to 9% in pediatrics, and 25% to 64% in psychiatry. All studies were cross-sectional; none collected data prospectively. Definitions of assault were heterogeneous or not specified. Few of the assaults were reported to clinical supervisors or training directors, and no programs had a formal reporting process. Approximately 21% to 79% of psychiatry residents and 30% of residents in other specialties had received some training on how to manage violent patients. We found no descriptions of formal curricula for managing the possibility of patient violence against residents or for preparing for the aftermath. Conclusions Although the data are limited, assaults by patients are commonly experienced by residents in training. There is a paucity of information and curricula that pertain to reducing the prevalence of these incidents and to addressing potential psychologic consequences, especially in nonpsychiatric specialties.

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Ariel, Barak, Mark Newton, Lorna McEwan, Garry A. Ashbridge, Cristobal Weinborn, and Hagit Sabo Brants. "Reducing Assaults Against Staff Using Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) in Railway Stations." Criminal Justice Review 44, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016818814889.

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Workplace violence is a major health and safety phenomenon. We investigate whether body-worn cameras (BWCs) can achieve a cost-effective reduction of assaults. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with train stations exposed to the highest recorded assault rates against staff in England and Wales. Treatment members of staff were equipped with BWCs and control staff were unexposed to BWCs. Official records of assaults against treatment and control staff as well as against any employee at the station complexes are used as outcome measures. Results suggest 47% significant overall reduction in the odds of assaults against BWCs-equipped staff at treatment versus controls locations—or approximately two versus four assaults, on average, per station. In addition, we found a 26% significant reduction in assaults against all employees in the treatment versus control station complexes—9 versus 12 assaults, on average, per station—suggesting that BWCs have a spatial diffusion of benefits effects. We estimate that BWCs can reduce at least 3,000 working days per year lost because of physical violence at work. We conclude that BWCs provide substantial benefits for staff health and safety to those who are equipped with the devices as well as to staff in the vicinity of BWC-equipped employees.

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Cheung, Peter, Isaac Schweitzer, Virginia Tuckwell, and K. C. Crowley. "A Prospective Study of Assaults on Staff by Psychiatric In-Patients." Medicine, Science and the Law 37, no. 1 (January 1997): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249703700112.

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This study determined the prevalence and features of assaults on staff, compared them with other aggressive incidents by psychiatric in-patients, and studied their relationship with the ward atmosphere. There were 181 physical assaults among 279 staff in two months, i.e. 389 assaults per 100 staff per year. A few patients were responsible for the majority of the assaults. Most assaults were triggered off by staff-patient interaction. About one-third of the staff were significantly psychologically shaken by the incidents. Patients were more likely to be provoked and used more severe means of aggression against staff than against other targets of aggression. There were no significant differences between the characteristics of patients who assaulted staff and those who had other targets of aggression.

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Davis, Richard L. "Physical assaults against children." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 4, no. 1 (January 13, 2012): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17596591211192993.

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Tung, Le Thanh, Truong Tuan Anh, Nguyen Thi Minh Chinh, and Nguyen Hoang Long. "Public Reactions in Online Newspapers to Workplace Violence Against Nurses." SAGE Open Nursing 7 (January 2021): 237796082110038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608211003819.

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Background Nurses frequently suffer from workplace violence, but the public is often not fully aware of the situation because many events are not widely reported. Methods This study is an attempt to describe public perceptions of and reactions to reports of incidents of violence against nurses in online newspapers. Articles about such violence in Vietnamese online newspapers published from January to December 2019 as well as readers’ comments on those articles were collected for thematic analysis. Results Nine assaults were reported in 152 articles, and 367 comments were left in the threads. The analysis found four themes: 1) proposing punishment, 2) showing sympathy, 3) being skeptical, and 4) taking gender into account. In particular, the audience called for stricter punishment of the assaulters and showed sympathy for the nurses. However, commenters’ prior experiences with poor nursing services sometimes made them skeptical about the motivations of the attackers. Additionally, commenters saw the violence as a conflict between a man (assaulter) and a woman (assaultee) rather than between a client and a professional nurse. Conclusions In general, the public showed support to nurses. Nurses should take advantage of this support to advocate improved policies and measures to protect themselves from violence at work.

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Ukpong, Dominic Ignatius, Olugbenga Owoeye, Owoidoho Udofia, Festus Abasiubong, and Sunday Ukpong. "Violence against mental health staff: a survey in a Nigerian psychiatric hospital." Psychiatrist 35, no. 2 (February 2011): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.030098.

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Aims and methodA survey was conducted to investigate physical assaults against mental health staff of a Nigerian psychiatric hospital in a 12-month period and also during their working career in the hospital retrospectively using a questionnaire method.ResultsIn total, 101 out of 120 questionnaires were completed (response rate 84.2%). Within the period of their employment in the hospital 49.5% of staff had been physically assaulted at least once, and over the previous 12 months 33.7% had been physically assaulted. Nursing staff (82.3%) were more frequently assaulted than doctors, most often during routine assessment of patients (44.3%). In total, 88% of staff sustained injuries requiring medical attention. Vulnerability to assaults was not associated with attending a course on prevention and management of psychiatric patient violence.Clinical implicationsAssaults by patients against mental health staff, especially nurses, are quite widespread in Nigeria. There is a need to formulate policies on prevention and management of violence in people with mental disorders in Nigerian psychiatric hospitals.

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Valle, Rubén, Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz, Juan Antonio Gálvez-Buccollini, César Gutiérrez, and Silvia S. Martins. "Intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault and its association with alcohol consumption." Revista de Saúde Pública 52 (November 12, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000539.

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OBJECTIVE: Analyze the prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault in adolescents of Peru and its association with alcohol consumption. METHODS: We used a two-step and stratified probabilistic sampling to select male and female students in secondary education from all over Peru. The study included data from 54,756 students with information on demographics, alcohol and drug use, and sexual assault. The statistical analysis considered the complex sampling and we conducted two independent analyses by type of sexual assault (intrafamilial and extrafamilial), stratified by the sex of the victim. RESULTS: The prevalence of life of intrafamilial sexual assaults (5.4%, 95%CI 5.0–5.8) was similar to that of extrafamilial sexual assaults (6.1%, 95%CI 5.6–6.6). Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults that occurred in the same period after adjusting for confounders. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with non-physical and physical forms of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults in the disaggregated analysis by type of assault. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with extrafamilial rape only among females (ORa = 2.8; 95%CI 1.3–5.9). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual assault against adolescent males and females by family members is a frequent form of victimization that is associated with alcohol consumption in Peru. It is important to examine this form of victimization among adolescents, especially those who consume alcohol.

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Alfred, Taiaiake, and Jeff Corntassel. "Being Indigenous: Resurgences against Contemporary Colonialism." Government and Opposition 40, no. 4 (2005): 597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2005.00166.x.

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AbstractIn this article, we discuss strategies for resisting further encroachment on Indigenous existences by Settler societies and states – and as well multinational corporations and other elite organizations controlled by state powers and other elements of the imperial institutional network; and we focus on how Indigenous communities can regenerate themselves to resist the effects of the contemporary colonial assault and regenerate politically and culturally. We ask the fundamental question: how can we resist further dispossession and disconnection when the effects of colonial assaults on our own existences are so pronounced and still so present in the lives of all Indigenous peoples?

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Gates, Donna, Evelyn Fitzwater, and Paul Succop. "Reducing Assaults Against Nursing Home Caregivers." Nursing Research 54, no. 2 (March 2005): 119???127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-200503000-00006.

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Ferraro, Kathleen J., and Mary White Stewart. "Ordinary Violence: Everyday Assaults against Women." Contemporary Sociology 32, no. 4 (July 2003): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1556576.

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Castro, Vivian Carla de, Leidyani Karina Rissardo, and Lígia Carreira. "Violence against the Brazilian elderlies: an analysis of hospitalizations." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, suppl 2 (2018): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0139.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence of physical aggression and neglect and abandonment in the hospitalizations of Brazilian elderly people for violence and assault from 2008 to 2013 and the association of these causes with socio-demographic variables related to hospitalization. Method: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with elderlies hospitalized for assault. Inclusion criteria: to be 60 years old or over, to have been hospitalized in the Unified Health System (SUS) for assault or neglect and abandonment, between 2008 and 2013. The data were collected in February 2016, in Datasus database and descriptive and inferentially, using the Chi-square distribution, in the Epi Info 3.5.4 program. Results: the prevalence of hospitalizations due to assaults and violence prevailed among 60 and 69 years old men in the public sector. For abandonment and neglect, there was a higher prevalence in women, over 80 years old, in the public sector. Conclusion: nurses must be able to identify and prevent violence against the elderly.

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Broderick, Charles, Allen Azizian, Rebecca Kornbluh, and Katherine Warburton. "Prevalence of physical violence in a forensic psychiatric hospital system during 2011–2013: Patient assaults, staff assaults, and repeatedly violent patients." CNS Spectrums 20, no. 3 (May 4, 2015): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852915000188.

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IntroductionWe examined physical violence in a large, multihospital state psychiatric system during 2011–2013, and associated demographic and clinical characteristics of violent patients to better understand issues of patient and staff safety.MethodActs of physical violence committed by patients against other patients (n=10,958) or against staff (n=8429) during 2011–2013 were collected and analyzed for all hospitalized patients during the same time period to derive prevalence rates and associated odds ratios.ResultsOverall, 31.4% of patients committed at least 1 violent assault during their hospitalization. Differential risk factor patterns were noted across patient and staff assault. Younger age was associated with a higher prevalence of both patient and staff assault, as was nonforensic legal status. Females had a higher prevalence of staff assault than patient assault. Ethnic groups varied on rates of patient assault, but had no significant differences for staff assault. Schizoaffective disorder was associated with higher prevalence and odds of patient (OR 1.244, 95% CI 1.131 to 1.370) and staff (OR 1.346, 95% CI 1.202 to 1.507) assault when compared to patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Most personality disorder diagnoses also had a higher prevalence and odds of physical violence. One percent of patients accounted for 28.7% of all assaults. Additionally, violent patients had a significantly longer length of hospitalization.DiscussionImplications of these findings to enhance patient safety and inform future violence reduction efforts, including the need for new treatments in conjunction with the use of violence risk assessments, are discussed.

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Cragg, Sandra F. Miller, and Michael Rothery. "Police Officers' Responses to Assaults Against Women." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 10, no. 1 (April 1, 1991): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-1991-0006.

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The role of police officers in dealing with the problem of domestic assaults against women is critical, since the police are usually the first service providers involved in such situations. In the study reported in this paper, one sample of police officers was asked about how they view and react to spouse abuse: its causes, their role, what works, and what should be done differently. Since this research replicates an earlier study of three Iowa communities, a comparison of samples of officers from rather different contexts is included among the reported findings.

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Temel, Munire, and Fatma Nevin Sisman. "Nursing Approach for Sexual Assaults against Women." Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 4, no. 2 (2013): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/phd.2013.24865.

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NIBERT, DAVID, SALLY COOPER, and MAUREEN CROSSMAKER. "Assaults Against Residents of a Psychiatric Institution." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 4, no. 3 (September 1989): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088626089004003007.

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Finkelhor, David, and Janis Wolak. "Reporting Assaults Against Juveniles to the Police." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18, no. 2 (February 2003): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260502238730.

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Fink, David, Beth Shoyer, and William R. Dubin. "A Study of Assaults Against Psychiatric Residents." Academic Psychiatry 15, no. 2 (June 1991): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03341303.

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Shjarback, John A., and Edward R. Maguire. "Extending Research on the “War on Cops”: The Effects of Ferguson on Nonfatal Assaults Against U.S. Police Officers." Crime & Delinquency 67, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128719890266.

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This study tests whether violence directed toward American law enforcement has increased in the wake of events in Ferguson, Missouri, in summer 2014. Using monthly data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted (LEOKA) reports (2010–2016), we carried out time-series analyses to examine trends in nonfatal assaults on police officers in a sample of 4,921 agencies. Neither injurious nor noninjurious assaults on officers increased following Michael Brown’s death in August 2014. The findings are robust across a variety of model specifications and estimation techniques, providing little evidence of a “War on Cops” through 2016. The study adds empirical rigor to an ongoing national debate based largely on speculation/anecdotes. The impact and potential consequences of the current climate for officers’ perceptions of safety/risk are discussed.

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R., Dhaya. "Light Weight CNN based Robust Image Watermarking Scheme for Security." June 2021 3, no. 2 (July 4, 2021): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jitdw.2021.2.005.

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In recent years, digital watermarking has improved the accuracy and resistance of watermarked images against many assaults, such as various noises and random dosage characteristics. Because, based on the most recent assault, all existing watermarking research techniques have an acceptable level of resistance. The deep learning approach is one of the most remarkable methods for guaranteeing maximal resistance in the watermarking system's digital image processing. In the digital watermarking technique, a smaller amount of calculation time with high robustness has recently become a difficult challenge. In this research study, the light weight convolution neural network (LW-CNN) technique is introduced and implemented for the digital watermarking scheme, which has more resilience than any other standard approaches. Because of the LW-CNN framework's feature selection, the calculation time has been reduced. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the robustness of two distinct assaults, collusion and geometric type. This research work has reduced the calculation time and made the system more resistant to current assaults.

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QASIM, ALTAF PERVEZ, and MUHAMMAD ANWER SULEHRI. "VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 03 (September 10, 2011): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.03.2377.

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Background: Violence against women is an important public health problem. It has global significance regarding violation of human rights. Violence is an important risk factor related to ill health of women, having far reaching consequences affecting physical, social, mental and reproductive health of the victims. Objectives: To study the various types of interpersonal violence against women and find out the magnitude of physical violence and sexual assault among the victims. Study Design: A descriptive hospital record based study. Setting & Duration: The study was conducted from January to December 2005 in casualty out patient department of Allied Hospital, Punjab Medical College (PMC), Faisalabad. Methodology: Total 286 cases of violence, who reported for medico-legal examination during calendar year 2005, were included in the study. The cases of physical violence / sexual assault were examined in detail. Findings were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Among total 286 cases, 221 (77%) victims were married, and commonly involved age group was 21–30 years accounting for 82 (28.68%) victims. Blunt trauma was sustained by 193 (67.50%) victims, sharp edged weapon affected 17 (6.0%) cases, firearm bears the responsibility in 13 (4.54%) victims, a mix pattern of injuries by sharp / blunt objects was observed in 8(2.80%) females and (1.75%) women were said to be burnt. Forty-three (15%) cases were reported as victims of alleged sexual assault with peak incidence during 2nd decade of life in age group 11–20 years involving 23 (53.5%) cases. Among total 43 cases of sexual assault, 27 (63%) victims belonged to rural areas. Twenty Eight (65%) unmarried girls were subjected to sexual assault. In 43 sexual assault victims, semen was detected in 28 (65%) cases, 13 (30%) cases were negative; whereas reports of 2 (5%) cases were not available in the record. Conclusions: The cases of physical violence are common in Faisalabad and incidence of sexual assault is higher in rural areas more commonly affecting the unmarried young girls. There is need to attend this public health problem with concrete efforts to stop the violence against women & reduce the incidence of sexual assaults.

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Hazama, Kyoko, and Satoshi Katsuta. "Cognitive Distortions Among Sexual Offenders Against Women in Japan." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 16 (September 27, 2016): 3372–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516669544.

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Research in Western countries has indicated that the cognitive distortions of sexual offenders play an etiological and maintenance role in offending. The present study examines whether the cognitive distortions hypothesized by previous Western studies can be found in Japanese sexual offenders against women. This study used the questionnaire administered by probation officers in the special cognitive-behavioral treatment programs for sexual offenders, which have been implemented since 2006 in Japan. Participants in the offender group were 80 Japanese male probationers and parolees (more than 19 years old, M age = 34.6, SD = 8.8) convicted of rape ( n = 39) or indecent assault ( n = 41). All of them attended special treatment programs at probation offices. The non-offender comparison group consisted of 95 Japanese male probation officers and police officers ( M age = 35.5, SD = 11.4). A factor analysis of the questionnaire responses extracted three factors: Blaming the Victim, Minimization, and Avoidance of Responsibility. The data analyses showed that sexual offenders scored significantly higher than non-offender participants on the three subscales. No significant differences were found among four sexual offender groups classified as rapists or indecent assaulters and with or without previous convictions for sexual offenses. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that rapists and indecent assaulters placed on probation or parole in Japan hold cognitive distortions concerning sexual assaults against women than the control group of probation and police officers. The findings of this study also suggest that cognitive distortions exhibited by sexual offenders against women transcend cultural divides.

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Bierie, David M. "Assault of Police." Crime & Delinquency 63, no. 8 (March 12, 2015): 899–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128715574977.

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The assault of law enforcement officers is an important but understudied topic. To better understand this form of violence, this study drew on the National Incident–Based Reporting System—the nation’s largest data set tracking assaults against police alongside detailed information on situations surrounding attacks. Risk factors were examined within a fixed-effects logistic regression framework via a case-control method in which all incidents involving assault against police ( n = 20,140) were compared with a random sample of arrest encounters that did not involve this form of aggression ( n = 20,118). The data showed that a number of victim, offender, and situational characteristics predicted violence against officers, and the models were able to explain a substantial portion of the variance. Implications for research are discussed.

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Feder, Lynette. "Police Handling of Domestic and Nondomestic Assault Calls: Is There a Case for Discrimination?" Crime & Delinquency 44, no. 2 (April 1998): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128798044002009.

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Even before domestic violence was studied, research on the police decision to arrest revealed the importance of the victim/offender relationship. Since then, domestic violence has attracted increased attention. More recent studies consistently find low rates of arrest when police respond to domestic assault, supporting the belief that police underenforce the laws against domestic violence. However, without comparison to nondomestic assault incidents, there can be no meaningful discussion on disparity. Accordingly, this study compared police handling of domestic and nondomestic assaults in one jurisdiction and found evidence that police are not responding less vigorously to domestic assault calls.

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Flannery, Raymond B., and Walter E. Penk. "Cyclical Variations in Psychiatric Patient-To-Staff Assaults: Preliminary Inquiry." Psychological Reports 72, no. 2 (April 1993): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.2.642.

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This study examined possible cyclical variations in psychiatric patient assaults against staff. A statistically significant greater number of assaults occurred during hotter months. Possible explanations are presented.

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Burrows, Tamara, Ross Homel, and Cindy Gallois. "Women Victims of Assault: Age Differences in Victim-Aggressor Relationship and Location." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 36, no. 2 (August 2003): 192–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.36.2.192.

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This article presents the findings from a secondary analysis of the 1991 Queensland Crime Victim Survey. Although now more than 10 years old, this survey still has validity as it remains the largest of its kind conducted in Queensland, and it is a rich source of information about the experiences of victims of violence. The study investigated how the experiences of younger female assault victims differ from older female victims in terms of their relationship with their aggressor and the assault location. The following factors were examined: whether or not the assault occurred (a) at the hands of a partner or former partner, (b) in a private dwelling, (c) in a public place, and (d) in a leisure venue away from home. Results pointed to important differences between younger and older women in terms of their experiences of violence.Teenage women reported significantly more assaults in public places compared with older women, and were less likely to be assaulted in their own dwelling. Also, trends in the data suggested that compared to older women, teenage women were more likely to be assaulted in leisure venues away from home, and were less likely to be assaulted by partners or former partners. Considering that young women are at a much higher risk than older women of being assaulted, consideration of these age differences may be helpful in the design of violence prevention strategies. In particular, more attention should be paid to the public place prevention of violence against young women.

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Diedong, Africanus Lewil. "Vibrant and safe media landscape in Ghana: Reality or mirage?" Journal of African Media Studies 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams_00017_1.

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Despite widespread condemnation of assaults on journalists in Ghana and elsewhere in the past, there is increasing evidence of brutality against journalists. When perpetrators of such assaults go unpunished, it fosters a culture of impunity. The article throws searchlight on incidences of assaults on journalists and the ambivalent attitude of the public and/or state agencies towards media freedom. Incidences of assaults and intimidations of journalists in Ghana were reviewed to ignite renewed discourse on the issue, and inform measures on the safety and protection and general development of media. Theoretically, the article is framed along lines of thoughts on concepts of narrative in which there is ‘struggle over narrative’. Major lines of narratives on assaults against journalists are expressed by state functionaries, citizens and the media in competing fashions. Each narrative has ‘competing truth’, which arguably carries for each entity a force of the true and rightful position on the safety of journalists. The article concludes that persistent advocacy by Ghana Journalists Association and media partners can make a difference in influencing positive steps on assaults on journalists.

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REID, WILLIAM H. "Assaults Against Psychiatrists and Other Mental Health Professionals." Journal of Psychiatric Practice 14, no. 3 (May 2008): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pra.0000320118.61305.1b.

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Budd, Kristen M., and David M. Bierie. "Injury Matters: On Female-Perpetrated Sex Crimes." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 19-20 (June 1, 2017): 3735–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517711178.

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Despite the importance of studying sexual assaults perpetrated by women, the field knows very little about female sexual offenders’ (FSOs) use of violence or physical injury resulting from these assaults. This study draws more than 20 years of National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data reported to police (1992-2014) to identify factors that distinguish between female perpetrated incidents of sexual assault that result in severe, minor, or no physical victim injuries above and beyond the sexual assault itself. Using a multinomial logistic regression model (MNLM), 15,928 incidents of FSO-perpetrated sexual assault were analyzed from the NIBRS. The results showed that the extent of victim injuries sustained during the sexual assault incidents was associated with a number of factors, including the presence of a female victim, the age of victim, a greater number of offenders, and the presence of weapons. In particular, incidents that resulted in major victim injuries were significantly associated with alcohol and drug use by the perpetrator. In general, incidents with young children were at increased risk of a sexual assault resulting in a major or minor victim injury. Although further investigation is needed to continue to better understand female sexual offending behaviors, these findings suggest that certain incident characteristics increase the likelihood of the assault to involve the use of violence by an FSO against her victims.

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Bulla, Suneetha, B. Basaveswara Rao, K. Gangadhara Rao, and K. Chandan. "An experimental evaluation of the impact of the EDoS attacks against cloud computing services using AWS." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.5 (December 31, 2017): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.5.9147.

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Cloud computing is that the one among the quickest making and rising development in IT trade on pay-as – you-go premise. Flexibility is that the one among the properties of the cloud computing, it exhibits the response for DDoS ambush and created new quite strike significantly EDoS assault .This paper displays the impact of EDoS assaults on the cloud computing services, touching on single category of service. A check demonstrate was made public, performed associated contrasted and an expositive lining model. The trial test-bed was directed on Amazon internet Services cloud platform, it catches the cloud edges and incorporates range of execution measurements and value measurements, as an instance, range of running cases on the cloud, latency or latency , usage of distributed computing assets, throughput, and also the caused value as a result of the assault. The outcomes square measure introduced and conclusions square measure talked concerning.

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Flannery, Raymond B., M. Annette Hanson, Walter E. Penk, and Georgina J. Flannery. "Violence against women: Psychiatric patient assaults on female staff." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 25, no. 2 (1994): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.25.2.182.

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Spohn, Cassia. "Sexual Assault Case Processing: The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 9, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v9i1.1454.

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One of the goals of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women is to end violence against women and girls in all countries. An important component of this goal is ensuring that all crimes of violence against women and girls are taken seriously by the criminal justice system and that police, prosecutors, judges and jurors respond appropriately. However, research detailing how cases of sexual assault proceed in the criminal justice system reveals that this goal remains elusive, both in the United States and elsewhere. The rape reform movement ushered in changes to traditional rape law that were designed to encourage victims to report to the police and to remove barriers to arrest and successful prosecution. However, four decades after this reform, victims are still reluctant to report sexual assaults to the police, and arrest, prosecution and conviction rates for sexual assault cases are shockingly low. Reversing these trends will require policy changes that are designed to counteract the stereotypes and myths underpinning sexual assault and sexual assault victims.

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Wilcox, Pamela, Carol E. Jordan, and Adam J. Pritchard. "Fear of Acquaintance Versus Stranger Rape as a “Master Status”: Towards Refinement of the “Shadow of Sexual Assault”." Violence and Victims 21, no. 3 (June 2006): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.21.3.355.

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Using a sample of 1,010 women from a southeastern state university, we explore whether associations between fear of sexual assault and other crime-specific fears vary based on presumed victim-offender relationship. More specifically, we assess the extent to which fear of stranger- and acquaintance-perpetrated sexual assaults differ in the extent to which they are correlated with fear of other crime victimizations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both fear of stranger-perpetrated sexual assault and fear of acquaintance-perpetrated sexual assault were positively associated with nearly all other crime-specific fears under examination. However, associations were particularly strong between fear of sexual assault by a stranger and fear of other stranger-perpetrated crimes. Findings have significant implications for how academic institutions should comprehensively address direct and indirect negative influences of violence against college women.

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Shaqiri, Elmas, Granit Shahu, Bledar Xhemali, and Gentian Vyshka. "Traits of vulnerability in repetitive sexual assaults of mentally disabled people." Medico-Legal Journal 86, no. 2 (September 5, 2017): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817217729332.

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The issue of sexual abuse, assault, rape and unwanted pregnancies among mentally disabled women is largely under-reported for many reasons. Several myths prevail including that mentally disabled women offer little interest to sexual predators, together with a negative public attitude and this contributes to the problem. We report the case of a single centre in Albania, where repetitive sexual assaults were perpetrated against three mentally disabled women. Three unwanted pregnancies followed. The issue gained public attention after three criminal abortions were performed secretly with the aim of covering up the story. Charges were raised against the director of the centre and an employee from the nursing staff. Proceedings are still ongoing. We discuss some details from the forensic investigation and consider several systemic weaknesses that have exposed this vulnerable target group to the risk of being severely and repetitively abused. We believe greater staff awareness, and a better medical and legal framework, are indispensable to deter further offences especially where facilities are under-resourced as here.

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Stark, Evan. "Rethinking Homicide: Violence, Race, and the Politics of Gender." International Journal of Health Services 20, no. 1 (January 1990): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2tn0-dafw-8cpg-8ve5.

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Although homicide is the fourth leading cause of premature mortality in the United States and the leading cause of death for young blacks, the health professions have been largely oblivious to violence. Prevailing explanations contribute to this neglect by emphasizing biological or psychiatric factors that make homicide unpredictable and cultural and environmental factors such as the emergence of a new “underclass” that link violence to race. Focusing on instances where no other crime is involved, this article proposes that “primary” homicide be reconceptualized as a by-product of interpersonal violence, a broad category of social entrapment rooted in the politics of gender inequality and including wife abuse, child abuse, and assaults by friends and acquaintances. The data show that blacks are no more violent than whites, though they are arrested and die more often as the consequence of violence. In addition, a majority of homicides are between social partners or involve gender stereotypes, are preceded by a series of assaults that are known to service providers, and grow out of “intense social engagement” about issues of male control and independence. Professional failure to respond appropriately is a major reason why assaults become fatal, particularly among blacks. An international strategy that combines sanctions against interpersonal assault, gun control, and the empowerment of survivors might prevent half of all homicides.

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Tomé de la Granja, Maria B. "Sexual harassment of staff by patients in mental health units." Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 3 (March 1995): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.3.168.

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The Health and Safety Executive (1992) defines violence against staff as “any incident in which an employee is threatened or assaulted by a member of the public in circumstances arising out of the course of his or her employment”. Verbal abuse and threats are, as the Health and Safety Executive notes, the most common types of incidents, and staff have the common-law right to be protected from such incidents in the course of their work. While the literature on physical violence against mental health professionals is quite large and expanding (see, for example, Health and Safety Commission, 1987; Shepherd, 1994; Wykes, 1994), comparatively little emphasis has been placed on verbal assaults, although these may be extremely distressing.

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Kaminski, Robert J., Steven M. Edwards, and James W. Johnson. "The Deterrent Effects of Oleoresin Capsicum On Assaults Against Police." Police Quarterly 1, no. 2 (June 1998): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109861119800100201.

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Shiao, Judith Shu-Chu, Yuntin Tseng, Yueh-Tzu Hsieh, Jui-Yeh Hou, Yawen Cheng, and Yueliang Leon Guo. "Assaults against nurses of general and psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 83, no. 7 (December 25, 2009): 823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-009-0501-y.

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Makeri Ajiji, Yakubu. "Internet of Thing (IOT): Data and Information (Gadget Protection)." Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education 2, no. 2 (June 7, 2020): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.asci2253.

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Web of Things (IoT) gadgets are quickly getting universal while IoT administrations are getting unavoidable. Their prosperity has not gone unnoticed and the number of dangers and assaults against IoT gadgets and administrations are on the increment too. Digital assaults are not new to IoT, however as IoT will be profoundly interlaced in our lives and social orders, it is getting important to step up more, pay attention to digital protection. Consequently, there is a genuine need to make sure about IoT, which has thus brought about a need to thoroughly comprehend the dangers and assaults on IoT foundation. This paper is an endeavor to characterize danger types, other than examine and describe gatecrashers and assaults confronting IoT gadgets and administrations. Security and protection contemplations and difficulties that lie ahead are examined both for the most part and with regards to these applications

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Surekha, M., K. Kiran Kumar, M. V.S.Prasanth, and P. S.G.Aruna Sri. "Web application firewall using XSS." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.11429.

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Web Applications security has turned out to be logically more essential nowadays. Tremendous quantities of assaults are being sent on the web application layer. Because of emotional increment in Web applications, security gets helpless against assortment of dangers. The ma-jority of these assaults are focused towards the web application layer and system firewall alone can't keep these sorts of assaults. The essen-tial explanation for achievement of these assaults is the numbness of utilization designers while composing the web applications and the vulnerabilities in the current advancements. Web application assaults are the most recent pattern and programmers are attempting to abuse the web application utilizing diverse strategies. Different arrangements are accessible as open source and in business showcase. Be that as it may, the choice of appropriate answer for the security of the authoritative frameworks is a noteworthy issue. This overview paper looked at the Web Application Firewall (WAF) arrangements with critical highlights essential for the security at application layer. Basic examination on WAF arrangements is useful for the clients to choose the most appropriate answer for their surroundings.

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Straus, Murray A., and I. Luis Ramirez. "Criminal History and Assault of Dating Partners: The Role of Type of Prior Crime, Age of Onset, and Gender." Violence and Victims 19, no. 4 (August 2004): 413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.4.413.64164.

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Some studies of assaults on intimate partners have found that most of the perpetrators are not violent outside the family, which suggests a specialized type of crime. However, other studies found domestic violence offenders tend to have extensive criminal histories. To further investigate the extent to which partner assaults are part of a more general pattern of criminal behavior or a specialized type of crime, we studied the dating relationships of 653 university students. Thirty-one percent reported assaulting a partner in the previous 12 months. The rate of assault on partners by females did not differ significantly for males (29%) and females (32%). We also found high rates of other self-reported crime, and much higher rates by males. For example, over one half of the male students and almost one third of the female students reported having stolen money. The male students reported an average of 3.4 crimes committed, and the female students an average of 1.4 crimes. These high crime rates and gender differences are consistent with many previous studies. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of prior criminal acts is associated with an increased probability of assaulting a partner. The relationship was greater when there was prior violent crime compared to property crime, when there was early onset of criminal behavior, and when the offender was female. The implications of the findings for understanding partner assaults, criminal careers, and gender differences in the etiology of violence against intimate partners are discussed.

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Klettke, Bianca, David Mellor, and David Hallford. "The Effects of Victim Age, Perceiver Gender, and Parental Status on Perceptions of Victim Culpability When Girls or Women Are Sexually Abused." Violence Against Women 24, no. 6 (July 13, 2017): 650–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801217717355.

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This study investigated perceptions of victim culpability in sexual assaults against girls and women according to victim age, perceiver gender, and perceiver parental status. Overall, 420 jury-eligible participants completed an online survey recording their attributions of guilt, responsibility, and blame toward 10-, 15-, and 20-year-old girls and women in relation to sexual assault. Attributions of culpability were affected by whether the victim physically or verbally resisted the abuse, wore sexually revealing clothes, or was described as having acted promiscuously. Fifteen-year-old victims were perceived as more culpable for the abuse than 10-year-old victims. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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Lorentzen, Lois. "Religion and violence against nature." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 19 (January 1, 2006): 242–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67311.

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Most of us are well aware of the environmental crisis of our day. Yet, scholars of religion or peace studies rarely consider environmental issues when theorizing about violence. Why think about religion when we ponder environmental degradation? Religion provides a framework by which we can understand a group’s relationship to non-human nature and to actions on behalf of the environment. As is the case with human-to-human violence, religious ideology may also either encourage or discourage assaults on the environment. Taking religious traditions and actors into account, deepens our understanding of the contemporary environmental crisis and environmental struggles and movements, as is argued in this article.

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Mann, Alison, Philip Sugarman, Carol Rooney, Mary Goodman, and Jim Lynch. "Service innovation: policing mental health – the St Andrew's scheme." Psychiatric Bulletin 31, no. 3 (March 2007): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.106.011007.

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Assaults against healthcare staff have gained increasing attention, prompting the Zero Tolerance Zone campaign in the National Health Service (NHS) (Department of Health, 1999). This advised that treatment could be withheld as a sanction, although not from ‘anyone who is mentally ill or under the influence of drugs'. More recently the NHS Security Management Service (Department of Health, 2005) found that the greatest number of assaults (over 43 000) were found in mental health and learning disability environments.

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Vik, Bjarte Frode, Jim Aage Nöttestad, Berit Schei, Kirsten Rasmussen, and Cecilie Therese Hagemann. "Psychosocial Vulnerability Among Patients Contacting a Norwegian Sexual Assault Center." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 10 (July 22, 2016): 2138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516659657.

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In this study, the objective was to assess the occurrence of specific vulnerability factors among adult and adolescent females attending a Norwegian sexual assault center (SAC). We also explored assault characteristics and investigated whether these characteristics differed between the group of patients with vulnerability factors compared with the group without such factors. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 573 women ≥ 12 years of age attending the SAC at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, between July 1, 2003 and December 31, 2010. A patient was considered vulnerable if at least one of the following features was present: intellectual or physical disability; history of present/former mental health problems; history of present/former alcohol/substance abuse; or former sexual assault. At least one vulnerability factor was present in 59% of the cases. More than one vulnerability factor was present in 29%. Reporting at least one vulnerability factor was associated with a higher patient age, unemployment, a higher frequency of reported light/moderate physical violence, and the documentation of minor body injury. In contrast, those without vulnerability more often were students assaulted during night time, by a casual or stranger assailant and reporting a higher intake of alcohol prior to the assault. There are obvious patterns of differences in the nature of sexual assaults reported among victims with specific vulnerability factors compared with victims without these factors. Future research should address these differences and possible solutions for better protection of especially vulnerable individuals against sexual offenses, such as those with mental health and substance abuse difficulties.

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Gray, Gregory E. "Assaults by Patients Against Psychiatric Residents at a Public Psychiatric Hospital." Academic Psychiatry 13, no. 2 (June 1989): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03341264.

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Fiebert, Martin S., and Denise M. Gonzalez. "College Women Who Initiate Assaults on Their Male Partners and the Reasons Offered for Such Behavior." Psychological Reports 80, no. 2 (April 1997): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.2.583.

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Studies of spousal and dating violence indicate that women are as likely as men to assault their partners physically. This investigation examined the issue of the initiation of physical assaults by women on their male partners and the reasons offered for such behavior. Responses from 978 female college women indicate that, within a 5-yr. period, 29% ( n = 285) admitted to physical aggression against their male partners. Younger women in their 20's were significantly more likely to aggress physically than women who were 30 yr. and above. Women stated that they expressed aggression toward their male partners in part because they wished to engage their partner's attention, particularly emotionally. Also, assaultive women did not believe that their male victims would be seriously injured or would retaliate.

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Edwards, Randy R., C. Kenneth Meyer, and Stephen E. Clapham. "Violence Against Authority: Management, Policy, And Research Implications." International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS) 19, no. 2 (March 17, 2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ijmis.v19i2.9195.

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There has been a steady decline in violent crime in the United States in the past twenty years. Trends indicate that violent crime was down 13.4 percent below the 200l level and for property crime, society is experiencing the tenth straight year of declining rates. Yet, the Southern region of the U.S is disproportionately represented by percentage of overall violent crimes committed nationally. Also, the South is over-represented in the number of police officers who are feloniously killed or assaulted. This empirical research concentrates on violence directed against police in the U.S. and begins by examining the type and magnitude of workplace violence, then transitions to a review of the sociological, political, and psychological literature, focusing on the individual and social causes for violence generally. It ends with an examination of officers feloniously killed (their personal characteristics and that of their assailants), the level of violence against police by type of arrest or enforcement situation, and by region of the country. This paper provides a comparative analysis of street-level violence for general municipal assaults, robbery, and the most rapidly growing type of felonious assaultambush attacks. The paper concludes with an analysis of the societal and behavioral characteristics and considerations related to violence against police. The authors present a number of current trends, training recommendations, and suggestions for improving officer workplace safety.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Assaults against'

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