Journal articles: 'Assemblage lithique'

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Hinguant, Stéphan, Nicolas Naudinot, Miguel Biard, Alain Hénaff, and Éric Nicolas. "Penn ar Roz, un assemblage lithique de la transition Pléistocène-Holocène à Châteaulin (Finistère)." Revue archéologique de l'Ouest, no. 33 (December 31, 2016): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rao.3247.

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de Lumley, Henry, Ousmane Chérif Touré, Mouamar Ould Rachid, Anne-Marie Moigne, Anne Dambricourt-Malassé, Thibaud Saos, David Pleurdeau, Christine Seaseau, Michel Diebold, and Yves Kernaleguen. "Découverte d'un assemblage lithique sous un encroûtement calcaire à El Beyyed Yeslem II, Mauritanie." Comptes Rendus Palevol 5, no. 1-2 (January 2006): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2005.09.022.

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Vallin, Luc. "Le gisement moustérien d'Houppeville - Les Hautes Terres sud (Seine-Maritime). Etude d'un assemblage lithique en milieu loessique." Revue archéologique de l'ouest 9, no. 1 (1992): 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rao.1992.977.

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Mevel, Ludovic, Ewen Ihuel, and Manon Rabanit. "L’occupation azilienne des Pinelles à Prigonrieux (Dordogne). Discussion autour d’un assemblage lithique de la seconde partie de l’Allerød." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 114, no. 2 (2017): 315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2017.14775.

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Forestier, Hubert, Michel Grenet, Antony Borel, and Vincenzo Celiberti. "Les productions lithiques de l’Archipel indonésien." Journal of Lithic Studies 4, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 231–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.v4i2.2544.

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Proposer une synthèse sur la préhistoire d’un archipel et de ses assemblages lithiques n’est pas chose facile, d’une part à cause de l’immensité de l’espace concerné mesurant 2 millions de km2, d’autre part du fait que la notion de Paléolithique y est difficilement applicable et notamment celles de « Paléolithique supérieur » ou d’Epipaléolithique-Mésolithique établies en Eurasie occidentale. L’Indonésie et ses myriades d’îles et îlots (environ 18000) s’inscrivent dans un rectangle 5000 km sur 2000 km de part et d’autre de l’équateur ce qui en fait le plus grand archipel du monde. Cette aire géographique immense s’étirant sur un espace maritime d’environ 6 millions de km2, ne nous permet pas aujourd’hui de traiter exhaustivement l’ensemble des groupes industriels, des faciès ou des cultures préhistoriques, c’est pour cela que nous aborderons les principaux. L’Indonésie occupe une place privilégiée pour l’histoire des hommes fossiles qui la rend incontournable dans les connaissances de la variabilité des comportements des hominidés en contexte intertropical. Cette contribution a pour objectif de dresser un bilan critique et objectif des différentes méthodes de taille rencontrées depuis 1 million d’années sur les principales îles à partir d’une sélection de sites dont la stratigraphie est bien établie et bien datée. Rares sont les technocomplexes bien définis avant l’Holocène, période où l’insularité de cette aire géographique s’est fixée avec la remontée marine marquant progressivement le début de l’histoire des archipels insulindiens. Parmi ceux-ci nous citerons le « Toalien » à Sulawesi (faciès à pointes), le « Sampungien » (faciès à pointes) et les industries sur éclats de Song Keplek ou « Keplekien » (débitage orthogonal) dans l’Est de l’île de Java. Hormis ces trois traditions techniques qui restent individualisables sur un plan typo-technologique, il n’y a pas dans l’ensemble du matériel rencontré, de faciès différentiables associés à une dénomination d’outils spécifiques. En règle générale, les industries lithiques du Pléistocène supérieur et de l’Holocène indonésien répondent à une production basique d’éclats et d’outils sur éclats avec de multiples variantes régionales. Le mode de débitage est très largement à la pierre dure, non Levallois, rarement Discoïde, non lamino-lamellaire tel qu’on peut le rencontrer en Europe de l’Ouest ou au Proche et Moyen-Orient. Contrairement à l’Asie du Sud-Est continentale où il est encore plus difficile de discerner un Paléolithique ancien, moyen et récent du fait de la continuité d’industries toutes réalisées sur galet (Hoabinhien et autres), l’Indonésie qui devient insulaire à la marge du Pléistocène et de l’Holocène propose une hétérogénéité des assemblages lithiques sans précédent. C’est-à-dire une diversité dans les modalités de production lithique selon différentes chaînes opératoires de façonnage (galet, pointe de type de Sampung, biface...) ou de débitage (discoïde, orthogonal et laminaire). Le but de cet article est donc de présenter de façon synthétique les principaux ensembles lithiques de l’Archipel indonésien à partir d’une sélection d’îles sur lesquelles des assemblages lithiques ont pu être correctement documentés. Nous nous intéresserons ainsi aux îles de Sumatra, de Java, de Kalimantan (Bornéo), de Sulawesi, et à quelques autres plus orientales qui, comme Timor et Flores, ont, ces dernières années, livré des découvertes de premier plan en paléoanthropologie et en préhistoire. Par commodité, nous avons été obligés de procéder à des coupures régionales et chronologiques (Pléistocène ancien-moyen et Pléistocène supérieur final-Holocène ancien) qui permettent d’exposer au mieux cette synthèse sur des assemblages lithiques qui n’ont pas tous fait l’objet d’études technologiques approfondies au sens où nous pouvons l’entendre en Europe avec l’utilisation du concept de chaîne opératoire.

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Bertran, Pascal, Émilie Claud, Luc Detrain, Arnaud Lenoble, Bertrand Masson, and Luc Vallin. "Composition granulométrique des assemblages lithiques." Paléo, no. 18 (December 1, 2006): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/paleo.111.

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Pleurdeau, David, Nikolas Touchabramichvili, Medea Nioradze, Henry de Lumley, and David Lordkipanidze. "Les assemblages lithiques du Paléolithique moyen de Géorgie." L'Anthropologie 111, no. 3 (March 2007): 400–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2007.05.004.

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Rossi, Silvia, and Timothy C. Beers. "The Ideal Stars for Exploration of Early-Epoch 7Li Abundances." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 198 (2000): 514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900167233.

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We discuss estimates of stellar temperature, and the assemblage of a ‘critical set’ of target low-metallicity stars, from the HK Survey of Beers and collaborators, that can be used in the near future to put additional strong constraints on models for lithium production in the early Galaxy, and for inference of its primordial value.

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Stupak, Dmytro. "Les assemblages lithiques du site épigravettien de Buzhanka 2 (Ukraine)." L'Anthropologie 118, no. 5 (November 2014): 538–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2014.10.012.

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Cardoso-Fernandes, Joana, João Silva, Mônica M. Perrotta, Alexandre Lima, Ana C. Teodoro, Maria Anjos Ribeiro, Filipa Dias, Odile Barrès, Jean Cauzid, and Encarnación Roda-Robles. "Interpretation of the Reflectance Spectra of Lithium (Li) Minerals and Pegmatites: A Case Study for Mineralogical and Lithological Identification in the Fregeneda–Almendra Area." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 3688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183688.

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Reflectance spectroscopy has been used to identify several deposit types. However, applications concerning lithium (Li)-pegmatites are still scarce. Reflectance spectroscopic studies complemented by microscopic and geochemical studies were employed in the Fregeneda–Almendra (Spain–Portugal) pegmatite field to analyze the spectral behavior of Li-minerals and field lithologies. The spectral similarity of the target class (Li-pegmatites) with other elements was also evaluated. Lepidolite was discriminated from other white micas and the remaining Li-minerals. No diagnostic feature of petalite and spodumene was identified, since their spectral curves are dominated by clays. Their presence was corroborated (by complementary techniques) in petalite relics and completely replaced crystals, although the clay-related absorption depths decrease with Li content. This implies that clays can be used as pathfinders only in areas where argillic alteration is not prevalent. All sampled lithologies present similar water and/or hydroxide features. The overall mineral assemblage is very distinct, with lepidolite, cookeite, and orthoclase exclusively identified in Li-pegmatite (being these minerals crucial targets for Li-pegmatite discrimination in real-life applications), while chlorite and biotite can occur in the remaining lithologies. Satellite data can be used to discriminate Li-pegmatites due to distinct reflectance magnitude and mineral assemblages, higher absorptions depths, and distinct Al–OH wavelength position. The potential use of multi- and hyperspectral data was evaluated; the main limitations and advantages were discussed. These new insights on the spectral behavior of Li-minerals and pegmatites may aid in new Li-pegmatite discoveries around the world.

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Julien, Christian M. "Advanced Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage: Lithium-Ion, Lithium-Sulfur, Lithium-Air and Sodium Batteries." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24033026.

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The intention behind this Special Issue was to assemble high-quality works focusing on the latest advances in the development of various materials for rechargeable batteries, as well as to highlight the science and technology of devices that today are one of the most important and efficient types of energy storage, namely, lithium-ion, lithium–sulfur, lithium–air and sodium-ion batteries [...]

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Eid, Patrick. "Les artefacts importés dans un contexte de carrières : La techno-économie des industries lithiques du Témiscouata (Québec) durant le Sylvicole et la période de Contact." Journal of Lithic Studies 4, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 181–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.v4i2.2543.

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Cet article présente les données relatives à la techno-économie de chasseurs-cueilleurs nomades du Témiscouata (Québec, Canada) durant les périodes du Sylvicole moyen tardif (1500-1000 AA), le Sylvicole supérieur (1000-450 AA) et la période de Contact (450-250 AA). Cette région, située dans l’extrémité nord du bassin versant du la rivière Saint-Jean (Maine, Nouveau-Brunswick, Québec), offre une importante source de matière première, le chert Touladi, qui a été fortement exploitée durant la préhistoire et même durant la période historique par les Premières Nations amérindiennes. Les chaînes opératoires lithiques de cinq sites archéologiques du Témiscouata ont été analysées via l’approche technologique afin d’en reconstituer les schèmes techno-économiques. D’abord réalisée sur la matière locale, l’analyse a ensuite porté son regard sur les matériaux exogènes afin de voir si la gestion des chaînes opératoire différait lorsque les groupes nomades étaient éloignés des carrières de chert Touladi. Les artefacts en matériaux allochtones, même s’ils comptent pour une part minime des assemblages lithiques, permettent d’entrevoir les stratégies adoptées préalablement à l’occupation du Témiscouata, dans un contexte de rareté en matières premières lithiques de bonne qualité.

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Ding, Caihua, Dong Yan, Yongjie Zhao, Yuzhen Zhao, Heping Zhou, Jingbo Li, and Haibo Jin. "A bubble-template approach for assembling Ni–Co oxide hollow microspheres with an enhanced electrochemical performance as an anode for lithium ion batteries." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 37 (2016): 25879–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp04097g.

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Goodale, Mark. "An anthropology of impossible futures." Anthropology Today 39, no. 5 (October 2023): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12834.

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This guest editorial explores the intricate relationship between anthropology and the concept of impossible futures, focusing on the global push towards electric vehicles (EVs) and the lithium energy assemblage. Drawing inspiration from a lecture by palaeobiologist Mark Williams, a member of the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG), the author reflects on the Anthropocene epoch and the human‐caused transformations of the earth. It examines the European Green Deal's impact on the automotive industry, the global struggle for lithium and the paradoxes of green technology investments. It questions the feasibility of the envisioned future, emphasizing the contradictions within global capitalism and the potential futility of climate change mitigation efforts. The author calls for a reorientation in anthropological research, focusing on novel forms of unity, solidarity, justice and interspecies bonds in the face of seemingly impossible conditions. It concludes with a contemplation of anthropology's role in translating and understanding social life in the context of unattainable futures without losing sight of the discipline's contested past and inherent hope.

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Pöllmann, Herbert, and Uwe König. "Monitoring of Lithium Contents in Lithium Ores and Concentrate-Assessment Using X-ray Diffraction (XRD)." Minerals 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11101058.

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Lithium plays an increasing role in battery applications, but is also used in ceramics and other chemical applications. Therefore, a higher demand can be expected for the coming years. Lithium occurs in nature mainly in different mineralizations but also in large salt lakes in dry areas. As lithium cannot normally be analyzed using XRF-techniques (XRF = X-ray Fluorescence), the element must be analyzed by time consuming wet chemical treatment techniques. This paper concentrates on XRD techniques for the quantitative analysis of lithium minerals and the resulting recalculation using additional statistical methods of the lithium contents. Many lithium containing ores and concentrates are rather simple in mineralogical composition and are often based on binary mineral assemblages. Using these compositions in binary and ternary mixtures of lithium minerals, such as spodumene, amblygonite, lepidolite, zinnwaldite, petalite and triphylite, a quantification of mineral content can be made. The recalculation of lithium content from quantitative mineralogical analysis leads to a fast and reliable lithium determination in the ores and concentrates. The techniques used for the characterization were quantitative mineralogy by the Rietveld method for determining the quantitative mineral compositions and statistical calculations using additional methods such as partial least square regression (PLSR) and cluster analysis methods to predict additional parameters, like quality, of the samples. The statistical calculations and calibration techniques makes it especially possible to quantify reliable and fast. Samples and concentrates from different lithium deposits and occurrences around the world were used for these investigations. Using the proposed XRD method, detection limits of less than 1% of mineral and, therefore down to 0.1% lithium oxide, can be reached. Case studies from a hard rock lithium deposit will demonstrate the value of mineralogical monitoring during mining and the different processing steps. Additional, more complex considerations for the analysis of lithium samples from salt lake brines are included and will be discussed.

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Niu, Chaoqun, Jie Liu, Tao Qian, Xiaowei Shen, Jinqiu Zhou, and Chenglin Yan. "Single lithium-ion channel polymer binder for stabilizing sulfur cathodes." National Science Review 7, no. 2 (October 12, 2019): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz149.

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Abstract Lithium–sulfur batteries have great potential for high-performance energy-storage devices, yet the severe diffusion of soluble polysulfide to electrolyte greatly limits their practical applications. To address the above issues, herein we design and synthesize a novel polymer binder with single lithium-ion channels allowing fast lithium-ion transport while blocking the shuttle of unnecessary polysulfide anions. In situ UV–vis spectroscopy measurements reveal that the prepared polymer binder has effective immobilization to polysulfide intermediates. As expected, the resultant sulfur cathode achieves an excellent specific capacity of 1310 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% at 0.5 C after 100 cycles and stable cycling performance for 300 cycles at 1 C (1 C = 1675 mA g−1). This study reports a new avenue to assemble a polymer binder with a single lithium-ion channel for solving the serious problem of energy attenuation of lithium–sulfur batteries.

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Beauger, Aude, Olivier Voldoire, Elisabeth Allain, Pierre Gosseaume, Christelle Blavignac, Lory-Anne Baker, and Carlos E. Wetzel. "Biodiversity and Environmental Factors Structuring Diatom Assemblages of Mineral Saline Springs in the French Massif Central." Diversity 15, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020283.

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Springs are abundant and present worldwide and are among the most threatened ecosystems on Earth. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the biodiversity of seventy-nine (79) mineral saline springs situated in the French Massif Central, focusing on the species richness and the estimated richness and also on the diatom community composition. The influence of physical and chemical factors on both richness and communities was analyzed in order to have a better knowledge of the diatom ecological preferences and identify species typical of saline springs. Since December 2014, an on-going inventory of mineral springs has been in progress. For each spring, physical and chemical characteristics were measured, and benthic diatoms were sampled. The richness was the lowest in the springs presenting a man-made construction around the emergence. In the other springs, the highest richness was associated with the lowest lithium, sodium, total dissolved solid concentrations, and conductivity. Mineralization and some ions (bromine, calcium, chloride, fluoride, lithium, potassium, and sodium) were found to be the most critical drivers of diatom community composition. Some diatom species were typical of specific abiotic conditions, such as Navicula sanctamargaritae, which was associated with the highest potassium concentration. These species could appear as bio-indicators of these conditions.

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Evans, David A., Michael G. Yang, Michael J. Dart, and Joseph L. Duffy. "Double stereodifferentiating aldol reactions of (E) and (Z) lithium enolates. Model reactions for polypropionate assemblage." Tetrahedron Letters 37, no. 12 (March 1996): 1957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(96)00178-5.

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Saintot, Sylvie. "Des assemblages céramiques et lithiques « jalons » pour le Néolithique final en Auvergne : le site de Tremonteix." Archeopages, Hors-série 3 (January 1, 2012): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeopages.696.

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Eixea, Aleix, Valentín Villaverde, and João Zilhão. "L’évolution des assemblages lithiques des niveaux du Paléolithique moyen de l’Abrigo de la Quebrada (Valencia, Espagne)." L'Anthropologie 122, no. 4 (September 2018): 654–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2018.09.002.

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Luo, Wenhan, Kuirong Deng, Shuanjin Wang, Shan Ren, Dongmei Han, Yufei Wang, Min Xiao, and Yuezhong Meng. "A Novel Gel Polymer Electrolyte by Thiol-Ene Click Reaction Derived from CO2-Based Polycarbonate for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (July 17, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5047487.

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Here, we describe the synthesis of a CO2-based polycarbonate with pendent alkene groups and its functionalization by grafting methoxypolyethylene glycol in view of its application possibility in gel polymer electrolyte lithium-ion batteries. The gel polymer electrolyte is prepared by an in-situ thiol-ene click reaction between polycarbonate with pendent alkene groups and thiolated methoxypolyethylene glycol in liquid lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte and exhibits conductivity as remarkably high as 2.0×10−2 S cm−1 at ambient temperature. To the best of our knowledge, this gel polymer electrolyte possesses the highest conductivity in all relevant literatures. A free-standing composite gel polymer electrolyte membrane is obtained by incorporating the gel polymer electrolyte with electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride as a skeleton. The as-prepared composite membrane is used to assemble a prototype lithium iron phosphate cell and evaluated accordingly. The battery delivers a good reversible charge-discharge capacity close to 140 mAh g-1 at 1 C rate and 25°C with only 0.022% per cycle decay after 200 cycles. This work provides an interesting molecular design for polycarbonate application in gel electrolyte lithium-ion batteries.

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Dostal, Jaroslav, and Ochir Gerel. "Occurrences of Niobium and Tantalum Mineralization in Mongolia." Minerals 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12121529.

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Niobium and tantalum are two rare metals that have similar physical and chemical properties and occur together in nature. They are considered to be strategic and critical materials for the economy and national security of many industrial countries. Both elements are on the 2022 List of Critical Minerals of the USA as well as on the European Union’s List of Critical Raw Materials. They rarely substitute for common elements in rock-forming minerals but are essential components in a range of rare minerals, particularly oxides and subordinately silicates. The economically important minerals are oxides. The columbite-tantalite and pyrochlore-microlite groups are the most common Ta- and Nb-bearing minerals. In Mongolia, primary niobium and tantalum mineralization includes two main types. The first type is mineralization associated with alkaline to peralkaline granites, pegmatites and syenites whereas the second type is related to the lithium-fluorine-rich peraluminous granites and related rocks (pegmatites and ongonites). The host rocks of both types of mineralization are the fractionated felsic rocks, which contain the primary magmatic ore assemblages associated with fractionation of magma rich in rare metals. Both assemblages were subsequently overprinted by the late magmatic to hydrothermal fluids, which remobilized and enriched the original mineralization. The newly formed ore mineral assemblages display complex replacement textures. In the case of peralkaline felsic rocks the processes produced the mineralization of Zr, Nb, heavy REE, Y, U, Th and Ta whereas peraluminous Li-F felsic rocks contain mainly mineralization of Sn, W, Ta, Li, and Nb. Mongolia hosts several promising occurrences of both types of Nb-Ta mineralization. However, they have not yet been sufficiently explored. Currently, the most promising is the occurrence in the Devonian Khalzan Buregtei peralkaline granites in northwestern Mongolia, where Nb-Ta is associated with REE and Zr mineralization. Mesozoic carbonatites of southern Mongolia do not host significant Nb and Ta mineralization.

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Monier, Gilles, and Jean-Louis Robert. "Evolution of the Miscibility Gap Between Muscovite and Biotite Solid Solutions with Increasing Lithium Content: An Experimental Study in the System K2O-Li2O-MgO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HF at 600°C, 2 kbar PH2O: Comparison with Natural Lithium Micas." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 358 (December 1986): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.358.09.

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AbstractThis paper presents the results of an experimental study of the miscibility gap between trioctahedral and dioctahedral micas in the system K2O Li2O-MgO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HF at 600°C under 2 kbar PH2O. The existence of this miscibility gap is known from previous experimental studies. The gap is large in the lithium-free system; its width reduces progressively with increasing Li content; for sufficient Li contents (Li > 0.6 atom per formula unit, based on 11 oxygens), a single Li-mica phase is obtained, intermediate between trioctahedral and dioctahedral micas. Any bulk composition located inside the miscibility gap gives an assemblage of two micas, one of the biotite-type and one of the muscovite-type. All the compositions located outside the gap, and, in particular, those belonging to the joins phlogopite-trilithionite and muscovite-zinnwaldite (or its magnesian equivalent) give a single mica phase, provided that the fluorine content is sufficient. The ratio Li/F ≈ 1 is a convenient suitable value. The types of micas and the evolutions of their compositions are well characterized by their interplanar distance d060. These experimental results allow the interpretation of most compositions of naturally occurring lithium micas, in the range 0 ⩽ Li ⩽ 1 a./f.u. Natural micas of biotite-type and muscovite-type are located on both sides of the miscibility gap and their compositions get closer with increasing Li content.

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Wang, Xin Yu, Xian Hua Hou, She Jun Hu, Wan Li Zhang, and Jun Wei Mao. "A Facile Self-Assembly Synthesis of Whiskey ZnFe₂O₄ as Superior Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.848.

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A superior self-assemble whiskery ZnFe2O4 has been synthesized by a facile coprecipitation method in the presence of oxalic acid. After performed as anode for lithium ion battery, the ZnFe2O4 exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with an initial discharge capacity of 1364.6 mAh g-1, maintained an effective discharge capacity of 1086.9 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles and wonderful rate capacity (687.4 mAh g-1 at 3.0C). The excellent electrochemical performance was related to the novel whiskery structure, which is made of small spherical nanoparticles and hundreds of voids.

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Perpère, Marie. "Moncel M.H., 1999 : Les assemblages lithiques du site Pléistocène moyen d'Orgnac 3 (Ardèche, moyenne vallée du Rhône, France)." L'Anthropologie 104, no. 2 (April 2000): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-5521(00)80051-5.

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Moncel, Marie-Hélène, and Gilbert Lhomme. "Les assemblages lithiques des niveaux du Paléolithique moyen de l’Abri des Pêcheurs (Ardèche, Sud-Est de la France)." L'Anthropologie 111, no. 3 (March 2007): 211–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2007.05.001.

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Chapdelaine, Claude, Éric Graillon, François Courchesne, Marie-Claude Turmel, Laurence Forget Brisson, François Hardy, Michel Lamothe, and Adrian L. Burke. "Cascades 5, une composante de la tradition de l’Archaïque du Golfe du Maine à East Angus, Estrie, Québec." Recherches amérindiennes au Québec 45, no. 2-3 (November 15, 2016): 93–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1038044ar.

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La vallée de la rivière Saint-François a été occupée depuis au moins 10 000 ans avant aujourd’hui par des chasseurs de la culture Plano, et le site Cascades 5 contribue à combler un hiatus culturel important entre 8000 et 10 000 ans avant aujourd’hui avec une occupation associée à l’Archaïque ancien. L’enfouissement des vestiges exigeait une lecture pédologique pour confirmer la présence d’un horizon enfoui. Le matériel archéologique présente de fortes similitudes avec les assemblages rattachés à la tradition de l’Archaïque du Golfe du Maine. Une profusion d’outils unifaciaux, la majorité étant taillée dans du quartz, caractérise l’assemblage du site Cascades 5, témoignant d’une adaptation vieille d’au moins 10 000 ans si l’on se fie à l’âge obtenu sur une pierre chauffée à l’aide de la luminescence optique. L’adaptation aux ressources de l’intérieur par des groupes du centre-nord du Maine et de la rivière Saint-François durant les mois chauds confirme un réseau de contacts soutenus malgré la présence des montagnes frontalières. Ces groupes partageaient des choix techniques, un réseau lithique dominé par l’utilisation de rhyolites dont la provenance est confirmée par la géoarchéologie et probablement d’autres aspects culturels qui laissent peu de traces dans les sites archéologiques.

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Man, Jianzong, Kun Liu, Yehong Du, and Juncai Sun. "Self-assemble SnO2 porous nanotubes as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries." Materials Chemistry and Physics 256 (December 2020): 123669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123669.

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Sendetskyi, Oles, Mark Salomons, Patricio Mendez, and Michael Fleischauer. "ConFlat cell for operando electrochemical X-ray studies of lithium-ion battery materials in commercially relevant conditions." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 1416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721008839.

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In situ and operando techniques play an important role in modern battery materials research and development. As materials characterization and application requirements advance, so too must the in situ/operando test methods and hardware. The effects of temperature, internal mechanical pressure and parasitic reactions due to, for example, cell sealing are critical for commercial scale-up but often overlooked in in situ/operando cell designs. An improved electrochemical operando cell for X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy using ConFlat-style flanges in combination with a beryllium window is presented. The cell is reusable and simple to fabricate and assemble, providing superior sealing, relevant and adjustable cell stack pressure, and reproducible charge/discharge cycling performance for short- and long-term experiments. Cell construction, electrochemical performance, and representative operando X-ray powder diffraction measurements with carbon and aluminium electrodes at temperatures between 303 and 393 K are provided. Operando electrochemical cell testing at high temperatures allows access to temperature-sensitive phase transitions and opens the way for analysis and development of new lithium-based cathode, anode and electrolyte materials for lithium-ion batteries.

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Touidjine, Amina, Vincent Calmes, Mélanie Dendary, Philippe Borel, Paulin Truche, and Thibaut Dussart. "Solid-State Polymer Battery: Manufacturing Process and Characterization." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 4 (December 22, 2023): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-024720mtgabs.

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Solid-state batteries are a promising technology that could provide higher energy density, better safety, longer cycle life and a wider operating temperature range than current commercial LiBs [1] . The solid electrolyte is the main component of all-solid-state batteries. It can be ceramic, glass, polymer, or a mixture. Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPEs) have received distinctive attention, especially by industry, owing to their potential advantages such as safety, lightweight, high flexibility, and realistic processability. However, despite fast growing interest in solid-state technology, reports on the scalable production of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries using electrodes with meaningful areal capacities are rather scarce [2] . Moreover, chemical, and mechanical challenges remain. The intimate contact between the electrode and the solid electrolyte is difficult due its non-infiltrative nature. This lack of intimate contact severely limits the cycling properties [3] . The development of effective strategies to alleviate the issue of physical contact is imperative in the engineering of solid-state batteries [4] . In the frame of SAFELiMOVE (Advanced all Solid stAte saFE Lithium Metal technology tOwards Vehicle Electrification) project, we assemble a solid-state pouch based on lithium metal anode, a solid polymer electrolyte layer and a compatible cathode. In work, we report on a reliable fabrication process of large-scale all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries using cathodes prepared by CIDETEC, lithium anode provided by Hydro-Quebec, polymers provided by CICe, inorganic filler provided by SCHOTT and a solid polymer electrolyte manufactured at SAFT. All-solid-state lithium-ion battery pouch cells have been successfully built with consistent electrochemical performance. Cycling that shows the good performance of those cells and the lesson learned regarding their cycling conditions will be presented. [1] J. Motalli, “A solid future Nature, 526, S96 (2015) [2] Ningxin Zhang et al “Scalable preparation of practical 1Ah all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries cells and their abuse tests”, Journal of Energy Storage 59 (2023) 106547 [3] Li et al.“Atomically Intimate Contact between Solid Electrolytes and Electrodes for Li Batteries” Mater 1, 1001-1016, October 2, 2019. [4] Theodosios Famprikis, Pieremanuele Canepa, James A. Dawson, M. Saiful Islam and Christian Masquelier“Fundamentals of inorganic solid-state electrolytes for batteries” Nature Materials-August 2019. Figure 1

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Wang, Fan, Peipei Zhu, Jiaolong Pan, Chao Li, and Zhenyu Yang. "A facile electrospinning and electrospraying synchronization technique for preparation of high performance MnO/C@rGO composite anodes for lithium storage." RSC Adv. 7, no. 76 (2017): 48294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09636d.

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A facile electrospinning and electrospraying synchronization technique is used to assemble 1D nanowires with 2D graphene sheets to build as 3D MnO/C@rGO composite thin film. The raw material MnO₂powder was recovered from spent Zn/MnO₂batteries.

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He, Ao-Lin, Zhou Wang, and Rui-Jiang Liu. "Nano-Graphene Enclosed Multi Nitrogen: Dynamic Hierarchical Self-Assemble Property for Lithium Ion Storage." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 2675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17435.

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Led to significant capacity improvement to 1800 mA/h after 100 cycles for nano-graphene-N4, which is the first report for a carbonaceous materials anode. In addition, the doping level, id est, number of nitrogen atoms, had a significant influence on the molecular self-assembled structures through hierarchical self-assembly. As the nitrogen concentration increased, the d-space between the nanosheets increased from 3.4 to 4.3. The capacity of the nano-graphene increased greatly from 500 mAh/g for nano-graphene without N-doping to 1800 mAh/g for nano-graphene with nanographene-N4, indicating that the capacity is related to the structures, and was defined and the relationship between performance and structure was determined.

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33

Cardoza, Neal A., Rhyz Pereira, Hussein Badr, Rahul Pai, Varun Natu, Michael Carey, Michel W. Barsoum, and Vibha Kalra. "A New Class of 2D Materials - Quaternary Derived Nanostructures - and Their Polysulfide Anchoring Capabilities in Lithium Sulfur Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024532mtgabs.

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Metal-sulfur battery chemistries have garnered a lot of interest due to their 5-10 fold higher theoretical energy densities compared to state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries, in addition to the abundance and environmental benignity of sulfur. However, the insulating nature of sulfur, the formation and shuttling of polysulfides, are still major drawbacks. In this work we started with quaternary ammonium salts or quat derived nanostructures (QDNs), synthesized using a facile bottom-up reaction, directly from commercial 3D bulk solids1. This approach leads to better functionalization, facile tunability, and higher active sites. Moreover, these materials self-assemble into a plethora of microstructures – from individual anatase-based 1D nanoribbons 6x102 Å in cross-section to 2D flakes to mesoscopic particles, both comprised of 1D nanoribbons - depending on the synthesis and washing parameters. Here we use QDNs made from commercial titanium carbide (TiC) reacted at 50℃ for 5 days, washed with 5M lithium chloride, and freeze dried after filtration. These TiC QDNs are simply hand ground with sulfur in a 50:50 ratio by weight, to create a sulfur TiC QDN composite. This composite was then used to make a slurry with carbon black and binder, in a ratio of 70:20:10 respectively. We obtain specific capacities of 800 mAh.g-1 at 0.5 C after 300 cycles seen in Figure 1. The anatase-based 1D nanoribbons, that assemble into 2D layers, traps the polysulfides by forming thiosulfate species and Lewis acid-base interactions with the titanium, confirmed by post-mortem X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Additionally, these interactions were confirmed visually with the 2D QDNs adsorbing polysulfides, after 7 days the 0.5mM solution of polysulfides appeared clear in comparison to the still yellow hue of the polysulfides seen with carbon black seen in Figure 2. These interactions are further enhanced with the added functionalization of the 2D materials using non-polar di(hydrogenated tallow)benzyl methyl ammonium chloride (DHT) surfactant molecules. 1. H. O. Badr et al., Materials Today, S1369702121003813 (2022). Figure 1

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Oh, Il-Hwan, Seok-Jun Yang, Chul-Ho Heo, Jae-Ho Lee, Eui-Jun Kim, and Seong-Jun Cho. "Study on the Controlling Factors of Li-Bearing Pegmatite Intrusions for Mineral Exploration, Uljin, South Korea." Minerals 12, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050589.

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Recently, the demand for lithium (Li) as an energy storage element has increased, owing to the rapid increase in the number of electric vehicles. To meet this demand, Li exploration has become increasingly important. The Boam deposit is located in the Uljin area of eastern South Korea, where several rare-element pegmatites (0.24% Li) intrude the Precambrian Janggun Limestone Formation. In this study, we performed petrographical and geometrical analyses of the rare-element pegmatites recognized in the vicinity of the Boam deposit, through which the Li-mineralization process was identified and the factors controlling intrusion studied. Our results are summarized as follows: (1) the pegmatites exhibit regional and internal zoning based on their mineral assemblages; (2) Li mineralization is restricted to pegmatites; (3) the geometry and distribution of the pegmatites are strongly controlled by fracture, bed contact, and post-intrusive deformation; and (4) exploration should be concentrated in the ENE–WSW-trending zone of the upper part of the Janggun Limestone Formation. These results provide valuable understanding to guide the development of strategies for early-stage mineral exploration in the Uljin area.

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Cui, Xinghong, Yanfang Zhu, Fei Li, Daijun Liu, Jianjun Chen, Yuxin Zhang, Li Li Zhang, and Junyi Ji. "Enhanced rate capability of a lithium ion battery anode based on liquid–solid-solution assembly of Fe2O3 on crumpled graphene." RSC Advances 6, no. 11 (2016): 9007–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra22408j.

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We report a liquid–solid-solution assemble strategy to fabricate Fe₂O₃@graphene (Fe₂O₃@rGO) composites at the oil/water interface. The composite with ultrathin Fe₂O₃ nanoplates anchored on crumpled graphene sheets can act as a high-rate LIBs anode.

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Song, You-Zhi, Yin Zhang, Jia-Jia Yuan, Chun-Er Lin, Xue Yin, Chuang-Chao Sun, Baoku Zhu, and Li-Ping Zhu. "Fast assemble of polyphenol derived coatings on polypropylene separator for high performance lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 808 (January 2018): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.021.

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37

Cathelineau, Michel, Marie-Christine Boiron, Andreï Lecomte, Ivo Martins, Ícaro Dias da Silva, and Antonio Mateus. "Lithium-, Phosphorus-, and Fluorine-Rich Intrusions and the Phosphate Sequence at Segura (Portugal): A Comparison with Other Hyper-Differentiated Magmas." Minerals 14, no. 3 (March 8, 2024): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14030287.

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Near the Segura pluton, hyper-differentiated magmas enriched in F, P, and Li migrated through shallowly dipping fractures, which were sub-perpendicular to the schistosity of the host Neoproterozoic to Lower Cambrian metasedimentary series, to form two swarms of low-plunging aplite–pegmatite dykes. The high enrichment factors for the fluxing elements (F, P, and Li) compared with peraluminous granites are of the order of 1.5 to 5 and are a consequence of the extraction of low-viscosity magma from the crystallising melt. With magmatic differentiation, increased P and Li activity yielded the crystallisation of the primary amblygonite–montebrasite series and Fe-Mn phosphates. The high activity of sodium during the formation of the albite–topaz assemblage in pegmatites led to the replacement of the primary phosphates by lacroixite. The influx of external, post-magmatic, and Ca-Sr-rich hydrothermal fluids replaced the initial Li-Na phosphates with phosphates of the goyazite–crandallite series and was followed by apatite formation. Dyke emplacement in metasediments took place nearby the main injection site of the muscovite granite, which plausibly occurred during a late major compression event.

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Arcelus, Oier, and Alejandro A. Franco. "Perspectives on manufacturing simulations of Li-S battery cathodes." Journal of Physics: Energy 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 011002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ac4ac3.

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Abstract Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are one of the main contenders for next generation post lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As the process of scientific discovery advances, many of the challenges that prevent the commercial deployment of LSBs, especially at the most fundamental materials level, are slowly being addressed. However, batteries are complex systems that require not only the identifcation of suitable materials, but also require the knowledge of how to assemble and manufacture all the components together in order to obtain an optimally working battery. This is not a simple task, as battery manufacturing is a multi-stepped, multi-parameter, highly correlated process, where many parameters compete, and deep knowledge of the systems is required in order to achieve the optimal manufacturing conditions, which has already been shown in the case of LIBs. In these regards, manufacturing simulations have proven to be invaluable in order to advance in the knowledge of this exciting and technologically relevant field. Thus, in this work, we aim at providing future perspectives and opportunities that we think are interesting in order to create digital twins for the LSB manufacturing process. We also provide comprehensive and realistic ways in which already existing models could be adapted to LSBs in the short-term, and which are the challenges that might be found along the way.

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39

Jackowski, Grzegorz, and Ewa Kluck. "The Oligomeric Arrangement of the Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/6-Protein Complex of Photosystem II." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 49, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1994): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1994-5-610.

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Abstract The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex of photosystem II (LHC II) was isolated from carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) leaves by K+-induced aggregation of n-hep-tylthioglucoside-treated photosystem II particles. When solubilized with a mixture of lithium docedyl sulphate, octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and dodecyl-β-D-maltoside the LHC II was re solved by mild sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into four oligomeric forms and a monomeric one. LHC II contained five major polypeptides only two of which (27 and 26 kDa) were found to be its authentic components. The oligomeric forms of LHC II were found to differ in the stoichiometric ratios of the polypeptides present. The 26 kD a polypeptide was enriched in the largest oligomeric forms while the 27 kDa polypeptide tended to form a monomer or to assemble as lower oligomeric states of LHC II.

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40

Petrík, I., Š. Čík, M. Miglierini, T. Vaculovič, I. Dianiška, and D. Ozdín. "Alpine oxidation of lithium micas in Permian S-type granites (Gemeric unit, Western Carpathians, Slovakia)." Mineralogical Magazine 78, no. 3 (June 2014): 507–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2014.078.3.03.

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AbstractLithium micas of the zinnwaldite and phengite–Li-phengite series occur as characteristic minerals in Permian Li-F-(P) granites of the western Gemeric unit (Western Carpathians) accompanied by topaz, tourmaline, Nb, Ta, Ti, Sn oxides and aluminophosphates. The calculated Li2O contents of all the mica analysed, together with Rb2O and Cs2O were confirmed by LA-ICP-MS analyses for all the identified micas. Samples from three localities were investigated: two surficial (Surovec, Vrchsúl’ová); and one drill hole (Dlhá dolina). Zinnwaldite (polylithionite) occurs in the upper level of the Dlhá dolina granitic intrusion and in the nearby shallow satellite body of Surovec. The lower level porphyritic granites contain only siderophyllite. The Vrchsúl’ ová micas are closer in composition to Li-annite and siderophyllite. Dioctahedral micas are mostly phengites, although zinnwaldite-bearing granites are rich in late-crystallizing Li-phengite, which extensively replaces earlier zinnwaldite. The secondary Liphengite and phengite are interpreted as products of Alpine metamorphism during Cretaceous burial and subsequent exhumation of the Gemeric unit. Reactions are suggested explaining the formation of Li-phengite by reaction of zinnwaldite with phengite or with muscovite. All mica types were investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy, which showed high degrees of oxidation (25–50% Fe3+ of total Fe) with the exception of zinnwaldite from Vrchsúl’ová, which may have preserved an original, reduced value of 10%. The metamorphic assemblage present permitted calculation of P-T-X conditions: T = 184°C, P = 320 MPa, with oxidation of siderophyllite to phengite + goethite and fO2 at ΔNN = 4.7, confirming the low-grade conditions of the Alpine metamorphism in agreement with previous estimates.

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Sidorov, Alexey A., Mikhail A. Kiskin, Alexander E. Baranchikov, Vladimir K. Ivanov, and Igor L. Eremenko. "Methods for Synthesis of Molecular Materials with Unique Physical Properties." Vestnik RFFI, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22204/2410-4639-2019-102-02-82-100.

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The authors discovered and investigated new types of stable heterometallic carboxylate complexes in which divalent transition metal atoms of the 4th period of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) combine with atoms of lithium, magnesium, calcium or rare earth elements. These polynuclear heterometallic compounds retain their structure under conditions when the homometallic compounds of these transition metals decompose to mononuclear complexes. The different metals combination in one molecule allows us to use the obtained heterometallic compounds for producing disperse and film oxide materials, and bimetallic oxide catalysts. The stability of the complexes allows to immobilize them in various matrices and to assemble 3D polymer structures on their base. Since the metal ions under consideration (V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) are capable to form isostructural heterometallic compounds, it becomes possible to obtain compounds within a single structural type with a given combination of physical properties, determined by the nature of the metal ions.

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Guastoni, A., F. Nestola, G. Mazzoleni, and P. Vignola. "Mn-rich graftonite, ferrisicklerite, staněkite and Mn-rich vivianite in a granitic pegmatite at Soè Valley, central Alps, Italy." Mineralogical Magazine 71, no. 5 (October 2007): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2007.071.5.579.

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AbstractMn-rich graftonite, (Ca,Mn2+)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(PO4)2, ferrisicklerite, Li1–x(Fe3+,Mn2+)PO4, manganoan apatite, (Ca,Mn2+,Fe2+Mg)(PO4)3Cl, staně kite, Fe3+Mn2+O(PO4) and Mn-rich vivianite, (Fe2+)3(PO4)2·8H2O, occurring in a granitic pegmatite at Soè Valley (central Alps, Italy) were characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microprobe analyses. Geochemically, the Mn-rich graftonite phases are poorly evolved Fe/Mn-phosphates of rare-earth elements-lithium (REE-Li) granitic pegmatites. The assemblage Mn-rich graftonite + ferrisicklerite + staněkite has rarely beendocumen ted in pegmatites. Inthe Soè Valley pegmatite, ferrisicklerite forms exsolution lamellae with Mn-rich graftonite associated with manganoan apatite and staněkite. Graftonite is associated with Mn-rich vivianite. Powder and single-crystal XRD data indicate that the unit-cell volume of graftonite increases as a function of Mn2+content. Staněkite shows a distinctly smaller unit-cell volume with respect to previously reported staněkites, probably due to reduced Mn2+. Vivianite with significant Mn2+has a unit-cell volume similar to nearly Mn-free vivianite. The formation of Mn-rich graftonite and manganoan apatite is related to destabilization of Mn-rich almandine and biotite during pegmatite formation. Ferrisicklerite forms exsolution lamellae along the 010 cleavage planes of Mn-rich graftonite, whereas staněkite forms by alterationof ferrisicklerite and Mn-rich vivianite due to circulation of late-stage hydrothermal fluids.

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Huang, Yue-E., Weilin Lin, Chenguang Shi, Li Li, Kaiqing Fan, Xiao-Ying Huang, Xiaohui Wu, and Ke-Zhao Du. "Misfit layer SnTiS3: An assemble-free van der Waals heterostructure SnS/TiS2 for lithium ion battery anode." Journal of Power Sources 494 (May 2021): 229712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229712.

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Zhou, Xiaoyan, Jun Zhang, Qingmei Su, Jingjing Shi, Ya Liu, and Gaohui Du. "Nanoleaf-on-sheet CuO/graphene composites: Microwave-assisted assemble and excellent electrochemical performances for lithium ion batteries." Electrochimica Acta 125 (April 2014): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.155.

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45

Gasper, Paul, Aron Saxon, Ying Shi, Kandler Smith, and Foram Thakkar. "Experimental Aging and Lifetime Prediction in Grid Applications for Large-Format Commercial Li-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 3 (August 28, 2023): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-013719mtgabs.

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Due to the growth of electric vehicle and stationary energy storage markets, the production and use of lithium-ion batteries has grown exponentially in recent years. For many of these applications, large-format lithium-ion batteries are being utilized, as large cells have less inactive material relative to their energy capacity and require fewer electrical connections to assemble into packs. The economics of these battery systems is highly dependent on cell lifetime, requiring accelerated aging tests to characterize cell degradation. However, testing of large-format lithium-ion batteries is time consuming and requires high current channels and large testing chambers, so not many reports on the lifetime of commercial, large-format lithium-ion batteries exist. Here, accelerated aging test data from four commercial large-format lithium-ion batteries is reported. These batteries span both NMC-Gr and LFP-Gr cell chemistries, are from a variety of manufacturers, have pouch and prismatic formats, and show a range of cell designs with varying power capabilities. Accelerated aging test results are analyzed to examine both cell performance, in terms of efficiency and thermal response under load, as well as cell lifetime. Cell thermal response is characterized by measuring temperature during cycle aging, which is used to calculate a normalized thermal resistance value that may help estimate both cell cooling needs or to help extrapolate aging test results to different thermal environments. Cell lifetime is evaluated qualitatively, considering the average calendar and cycle life across a range of conditions, as well as quantitatively, using statistical modeling and machine-learning methods to identify predictive aging models from the accelerated aging data. These predictive aging models are then used to investigate cell sensitivities to stressors, such as cycling temperature, voltage window, and C-rate, as well as to predict cell lifetime in various stationary storage applications. Results from this work show that cell lifetime and sensitivity to aging conditions varies substantially across the cell types, necessitating testing for each specific cell to make quantitative lifetime predictions. That being said, all commercial cells tested here are predicted to reach at least 10-year lifetimes for stationary storage applications. Based on the aging test results and modeling, some cells are expected to be relatively insensitive to temperature and use-case, making them suited for simple use cases with little or no thermal management and simple controls, while the lifetime of other cells could be extended to 20+ years if operated with thermal management and degradation-aware controls. Figure 1

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Bhargava, Bhuvsmita, Nathan B. Johnson, Jonathan Chang, and Paul Albertus. "(Digital Presentation) Measuring Thermal Behavior of Lithium Metal Solid State Microcells with Differential Scanning Calorimetry." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012376mtgabs.

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Research efforts in developing solid-state batteries with lithium metal anode have been on the rise owing to the high specific energy density cells using lithium metal. An all solid-state battery is often assumed to be safer compared to a Li-ion battery with an organic liquid electrolyte. If the energy density of a cell is increased through the introduction of Li metal, the potential temperature rise of the cell also increases, leading to a reduction in cell safety. In particular, during self-heating Li metal has the potential to react with the cathode itself and/or oxygen released from the cathode upon heating, as well as the solid electrolyte. The rate and extent of exothermic reactions in a specific battery chemistry and configuration determine whether self-heating could be created in a cell, as well as its onset temperature and rate. To quantify the thermal behavior of the reactions that occur within a Li metal solid state cell upon heating, we use differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For the DSC measurements, we assemble all cell layers inside hermetically sealed stainless sealed pans, which allows us to carry out the analysis in an inert environment. With this platform, multiple cell chemistries and configurations can be tested, and the calorimetry of the reactions taking place among all cell components can be quantified. In this presentation, we will discuss our DSC measurements on select cell chemistries including with LiCoO2 and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes at different states of charge, Li7La3Zr2O12 and Li3PS4 solid electrolytes, and a Li metal anode.

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Alves, Felipe Emerson André, Reiner Neumann, Ciro Alexandre Ávila, and Fabiano Richard Leite Faulstich. "Monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) microinclusions in fluorapatite of the pegmatites from the Volta Grande mine, Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil, as witnesses of the dissolution–reprecipitation process." Mineralogical Magazine 83, no. 4 (June 25, 2019): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2019.43.

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AbstractFluorapatite with monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) microinclusions occurs in the lithium–caesium–tantalum pegmatite body A of the Volta Grande mine, Minas Gerais state, Southeast Brazil. The fluorapatite displays faint zoning, detected mainly by cathodoluminescence. Electron probe and laser ablation analyses indicate that zoning in the fluorapatite corresponds to variation in Mn and rare-earth element (REE) content. Such compositional variation is attributed to partial removal of the REE from the fluorapatite structure during a dissolution–reprecipitation process, forming monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) microinclusions in the REE-depleted zones of the fluorapatite. These inclusions exhibit an inherited geochemical signature, manifested by low Th and U concentrations when compared to monazite and xenotime crystallised from melts. Rhodochrosite and calcite inclusions are also associated with monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) and are probably products of the same process, recycling Ca, Mn, and CO32− from the fluorapatite through the following reaction: [Ca(5–2a–b–½x),Naa,(Y + REE)a,Mnb][(PO4)3–x(CO3)x(F)] + Fluid[a(2Ca2+ + P5+) + (x–b)(Ca2+) + H2O)] → [Ca5(PO4)3(F,OH)] + a[(Y + REE)PO4] + b[Mn(CO3)] + (x–b)[Ca(CO3)] + Fluid a[Na+].On the basis of new fluid-inclusion analyses, we propose that a hot (T > 204.5°C), salty (16 wt.% eq. NaCl, attributed to LiCl), hydrous fluid mediated the dissolution–reprecipitation of the fluorapatite. This fluid corresponds to similarly described Li-rich fluids which were suggested to have re-equilibrated the mineralogical assemblage at the Volta Grande mine.

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Huang, Wenlong, Zhongqiang Shan, Qiwei Tang, Xia Li, Fangning Yang, Yun Wang, and Jianhua Tian. "One-Step Process to Remove Spent Sulfidic Caustics and Assemble Advanced Sulfur Cathodes Synchronously for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." Energy Technology 5, no. 8 (March 1, 2017): 1282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201600611.

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Feng, Yonggang, Ting Liang, Ze Zhang, Yiqian Wang, Yi Zhou, Xiuqing Yang, Jinggang Gao, Hui Wang, and Kun Ding. "Columbite U-Pb Geochronology of Kalu’an Lithium Pegmatites in Northern Xinjiang, China: Implications for Genesis and Emplacement History of Rare-Element Pegmatites." Minerals 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9080456.

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The Kalu’an-Azubai pegmatite field, one of the most important rare-metal metallogenic regions in China, contains a large number of pegmatite dikes belonging to spodumene and lepidolite subtypes. Columbite-group minerals (CGMs) collected from three spodumene subtype pegmatites (No. 802, No. 803, and No. 805 pegmatites) were analyzed for major element contents using EPMA (electron probe micro-analyzer) and dated using LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer). The crystallization ages of the CGMs from No. 802, No. 803, and No. 805 pegmatites are 209.5 ± 1.4 Ma (2σ), 198.3 ± 2.0 Ma (2σ), and 224.3 ± 2.9 Ma (2σ), respectively. Oscillatory zoning and/or sector zoning along with the associated mineral assemblages suggest that the dated columbite is of magmatic origin. The crystallization ages of the columbite grains thus represent the emplacement ages of the Li pegmatites. Therefore, our dating results indicate that there were three emplacement events of the Li-rich pegmatite-forming melts in a timeframe of ~30 Ma. In combination with previous studies, we conclude that the Li pegmatites were formed before the Be-Ta-Nb pegmatites (~194–192 Ma), which precludes the genesis of rare-metal pegmatites via fractional crystallization of a granitic magma in the Kalu’an-Azubai region.

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Wu, She-huang, and Po-Han Lee. "(Invited) Effects of LiPF₆ Salt Concentration on the Cycling Performance of NMC532 Cell Containing Organic Carbonate Solvents." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-022191mtgabs.

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Abstract:

Pouch-type cells with NMC532 cathode, MCMB anode (A/C loading ratio of 1.1) and electrolytes containing various LiPF6 concentrations in EC/EMC (3:7 by volume) + 2wt% VC were prepared for investigating the effects of lithium salt concentration on the cycling performance of NMC532 cells. These cells were cycled at 0.5 C rate within 3.0 and 4.2 V until their residual capacity become lower than 70% of their initial capacities, respectively, as shown in Figure 1. After end of life, these cells were disassembled for post-mortem study. The cycled electrodes were used to assemble into coin-type cells with lithium metal for estimating their losses of lithium inventory (LLI), losses of cathode material (LAMC) and losses of anode material (LAMA) by comparing their specific capacities of first and second cycles of the coin-cells with those of the coin-cells prepared with fresh electrodes, respectively. XRD, SEM, HRTEM and XPS were also used to reveal the phase evolution, structure and morphology changes of the electrode materials after cycling. Results suggest that the fast capacity fade of the cell prepared with the electrolyte containing 1 M LiPF6 salt concentration can be attributed to the carbonate solvent oxidation via dehydrogenation on the cathode surface at voltages higher than 3.8 V as reported by Zhang et al.(1) The oxidation can not only accelerate the increase of impedances at anode side, the losses of lithium inventory and anode material by the SEI formation from the reactions between the oxidation products and lithium ions, but also cause the loss of cathode active material and resistance growth at the cathode side, though they are less significant. They can be caused by the phase evolution of spinel and rock-salt phases on the surface of cathode particles, which had been observed from the HRTEM and SAD studies of the cathode particle collected from the cycled cell prepared with 1 M LiPF6 in EC/EMC electrolyte after 600 cycles. It was also found that the amounts of spinel and rock-salt phases formed on the NMC particle surface, rates of capacity fading and resistance growth of the aged cells decreased with the increased LiPF6 salt concentration contained in the electrolytes of the cells. It can be due to the higher salt concentration can induce the less free solvent for being oxidized on the cathode particle surface at voltages higher than 3.8 V. Whereas the layered NMC phase only can be found on the surface of NMC particle collected from the cathode of the cycled cell prepared with 3 M LiPF6 electrolyte after 1100 cycles. This cell shows lower LLI, LAMC, LAMA and impedances growth after 1100 cycles than those of the cell with electrolyte of 1 M concentration after 600 cycles. Reference: Zhang, Y. Katayama, R. Tatara, L. Giordano, Y. Yu, D. Fraggedakis, J. G. Sun, F. Maglia, R. Jung, M. Z. Bazant and Yang Shao-Horn, Energy Environ. Sci., 2020, 13, 183-199.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Assemblage lithique'

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