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MacDonald, Sally [Verfasser], Julia [Akademischer Betreuer] Ostner, and Peter M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kappeler. "Female social relationships among wild Assemese macaques (Macaca assamensis) / Sally Macdonald. Gutachter: Julia Ostner ; Peter M. Kappeler. Betreuer: Julia Ostner." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054191735/34.
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Purdy, John Gerard Craven Rebecca C. "To assemble, or not to assemble the initiation of retroviral capsid assembly /." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4649/index.html.
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Feng, Jiejian. "Issues in assemble-to-order systems /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202006%20FENG.
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Platt, Robert Terry. "Development of A Ready-To-Assemble Construction System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29315.
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To accommodate an expanding global population, a renewable raw material resource base, in conjunction with new building technologies, must be applied to the residential housing sector. Desirable characteristics of housing systems are economy, safety, environmental sustainability, durability, design flexibility and a long service life. The system should be acceptable to the end-user, consist of renewable, indigenous resources, and require a minimum investment in labor and equipment for both production and erection.
The objective of this research was to develop a ready-to-assemble (RTA) framing system. Integral to the framing system is a nail plate connector, developed in this project, that laminates wood or wood composite elements into larger building components. The laminated components can be bolted together to form various structural configurations. Decisions on the development of the RTA system were structured according to an Innovation Development Decision Model (IDDP) that was constructed from previous adoption and diffusion research. The IDDP model elucidates and illustrates the innovation process from conceptual idea to product adoption. The critical issues for product acceptance include system performance in terms of safety, cost, and building code approval. The objective of the experimental portion of the research was to test the performance of the RTA connection system in specific modes and to develop a theoretical method to predict the strength of the connection. A series of experiments to quantify the shear strength and stiffness of six joint configurations assembled with the RTA connector were designed and conducted. The joints were fabricated from solid sawn lumber and three different wood-base composites.
The experimental results indicated that the strength of the RTA connector in perpendicular-to-grain and parallel-to-grain orientations can be predicted from a theoretical dowel yield model. The material properties used in the yield model were adjusted for duration of load and safety. Empirical test values were within ±6.3 % of the predicted values from the theoretical model. Joint stiffness was evaluated, modeled and quantified in the linear and non-linear ranges. A structural analysis program was used to design and model a simple RTA building for realistic gravity and wind loads. The structural model was used to predict joint forces that the RTA connector must resist in-service. The computer model predictions were compared to the empirical joint test data. The results indicate that the RTA system can be designed to meet safety and serviceability criteria. A comparison between the estimated costs of a RTA building and the costs of traditional on site construction of a building of equal dimensions indicated that the RTA system is economically competitive.Ph. D.
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Tipton, Aaron R. "How to Assemble a Functional Mitotic Checkpoint Complex." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1341597834.
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Fu, Ke. "Essays on the management of assemble-to-order systems /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202006%20FU.
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Fuierer, Ryan R. "Probing the Electronic Properties of Materials that Self-Assemble." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05202004-122633/.
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Developing methods to control the chemistry of surfaces on the 1?100 nm length scale is a fundamental and exciting challenge in many disciplines of science today because it opens new possibilities in fields ranging from molecular electronics (ME) to biomedicine to catalysis. Scanning probe microscopy techniques have been a key goal in achieving this challenge. This work begins with an exhaustive review of scanning probe lithography techniques using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) systems reported in the literature to date. Experimental study describes the development of a scanning probe lithography technique (termed replacement lithography) in which an STM tip selectively desorbs organothiolate SAMs in a predefined pattern, allowing a replacement thiol to adsorb onto the exposed gold in the patterned region. The replacement parameters were investigated using electroactive containing replacement thiol species because they displayed large apparent height contrasts in STM images, allowing the efficacy of the pattern to be easily ascertained. These data were subsequently employed to create mesoscale chemical gradients with replacement lithography. The electronic properties of redox active SAMs were also shown to display negative differential resistance in current-voltage measurements, a behavior that has possible utility in the development of ME devices. Temporal investigations monitoring the stochastic variation in apparent height contrasts in STM images of electroactive containing SAM guest species isolated within insulating host SAM matrices was also studied. The observations from these data may lend insight to how ME candidates might behave when sandwiched in a two-electrode configuration (metal-SAM-metal junction).
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Li, Bing Li Christopher Yuren. "Exploiting polymer single crystals to assemble and functionalize nanomaterials /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3182.
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Li, Mingxuan. "Self-Assemble of Novel Discotic Nano-Molecules Based on Polyhedraloligomericsilsesquioxanes." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1399242960.
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Legrand, Pierre. "Structural assement and design of concrete structures under fire conditions." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187886.
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Behaviour under fire circumstances is becoming more and more crucial for designing a concrete structureand authorities require more often a fire-resistance time. In fact, engineers need a powerful, user-friendly,accurate and non time-consuming method that can be used to design reinforced concrete structures. Inthis study, the author has developed a method to design any fire-exposed reinforced concrete crosssections under flexure that takes into account second order effect. The first part focuses on the thermal analysis of the reinforced concrete cross section. Fourier'sequation is solved using finite differences method and the development tool of Excel: Virtual BasicAdvanced macro. Thus, it could easily be used on every personal computer (reasonably powerful) andneeds no extra investment. The accuracy of this thermal analysis is checked by comparison with resultsfrom commercial softwares (FAGUS edited by Cubus and SAFIR developed by the university of Liege). The second part deals with the mechanical analysis. Indeed, the concrete compressive strengthtogether with the yield strength of the steel reinforcement bars will decrease when the temperature willraise inside the concrete cross section. This loss of characteristic will be regarded as a loss of area andnew dimensions are set up. Finally a classic analysis (as it can be done at ambient temperature) isperformed. The mechanical analysis which takes into account second order effect is based on the Eulerbuckling load. The last chapter presents a comparison study between this new method and the two commercialsoftwares FAGUS and SAFIR, both of them are using finite element method. Several cross sections havebeen modelled, T-shaped ones with various dimensions and rectangular ones with various dimensionsand various steel areas. The two aspects (mechanical and thermal) have been studied and the resultsshowed good correspondance.Master thesis
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Wang, Yuming. "Emission of Tetra(binphenyl-4-yl)ryhene (TPPE) Hybrids in Single Molecule State and Self-assembly State." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1590695650334936.
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Kochkin, Vladimir G. "Analysis and Testing of a Ready-to-Assemble Wood Framing System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35038.
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The concept of a ready-to-assemble kit fabricated in a factory and delivered to the customer is well known and commonly used by the furniture industry. In wood construction, the lack of a simple and reliable method of assembling the frame members creates a barrier to wide acceptance of prefabricated kit structures. This thesis focuses on a novel technology of assembling structural components of a wood frame using a metal nail plate connector (NPC). This technology was referred to as a ready-to-assemble (RTA) wood framing system. The RTA system simplifies the framing process and allows for rapid erection of a wood structural frame by a small nonprofessional crew.
A 16 x 24 foot RTA building was constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of the RTA system concept. An effective assembly sequence was proposed and successfully implemented.
The design procedure for the RTA buildings was presented. The lateral load path for the RTA building includes diaphragms and shear walls. The contribution of the RTA frame can be ignored from the lateral load analysis. This conclusion was validated for the diaphragms with aspect ratios up to 4:1. The finite element method was used to model the RTA structures. The models incorporated semi-rigid behavior of the NPC.
An analytical model was developed to predict the nonlinear moment-rotation relationship of the NPC. The proposed model showed a good agreement (R2=0.98) with the experimental data.
Tests were conducted to measure the load-drift response of the RTA shear walls.Master of Science
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Zhu, Zhaoqi. "Development of self-assembled polyelectrolyte membranes for pervaporation applications." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2896.
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Electrostatic self-assembly is a simple, yet versatile and environmentally friendly technique. This technique has been widely used in different areas and recently it has also been used to make nano-structured separating layers for composite polyelectrolyte pervaporation membranes. Non-porous substrates are usually employed for electrostatic self-assembly depositions, but porous substrates have to be used for membrane applications because the composite membranes fabricated with non-porous substrates will have low permeation fluxes. When porous substrates were used to make composite membranes for pervaporation, it was reported that 60 double-layers were needed to get a membrane with suitable separation performance. The deposition of each double-layer needed about one hour, and the fabrication of reported self-assembled membranes with porous substrates was time-consuming and, from an industrial point of view, not practical. The aim of this work was to make self-assembled composite membranes in a more practical way. The methodology used here is to find appropriate materials and suitable preparation conditions to make self-assembled composite membranes that have less than 10 self-assembled double layers but still have good performance for the dehydration of isopropyl alcohol (IPA)/ water mixtures by pervaporation.
A hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration membrane is a permanently charged porous material. In this work, this porous material was, for the first time, used as a substrate for the fabrication of a composite self-assembled membrane. It was found that the hydrolyzed porous PAN membranes were good substrates for making self-assembled membranes for pervaporation.
In order to reduce the number of the depositions required for making composite membranes with suitable separation performance, a new deposition technique, concentration-changing deposition technique, has been developed. To obtain more extended conformations of polyelectrolytes to prevent them from going into the pores on a porous substrate, dilute deposition solutions were used for the first several depositions. After these first depositions, the pore size of the porous substrate had been reduced and more concentrated solutions (but still dilute solutions) could be used for the subsequent depositions. By using more concentrated deposition solutions, the number of the polyelectrolyte coils adsorbed by the charged substrate was increased and the thickness of each deposited layer was increased. In this way, the total number of deposition layers needed for a good membrane would be decreased. It has been proved in this work that the number of deposition layers in a composite membrane can be reduced by using the concentration-changing deposition technique.
By selecting appropriate materials and by selecting proper preparation conditions, composite polyelectrolyte membranes with less than 10 self-assembled double layers have been successfully fabricated. The obtained membranes had good performance for the dehydration of IPA/water mixtures by pervaporation. The lowest number of double layers in a composite membrane was 2 and this composite membrane had both a high flux and a high selectivity. It was also found that using polyelectrolytes with high molecular weights and a porous substrate with fine pores were the prerequisites for making composite polyelectrolyte membranes with less than 10 self-assembled double layers, while using a polyelectrolyte pair with high charge densities was the prerequisite for making composite membranes with a high selectivity. The successful fabrication of polyelectrolyte membranes with less than 10 double layers makes self-assembled membranes more practical because self-assembled composite membranes can be easily fabricated.
The data reproducibility and the stability of self-assembled composite membranes with less than 10 double layers have been discussed in this work. Random defects in the self-assembled separating layer and low repeatability of thickness in the first several deposition layers are believed to be the major reasons for the relatively low data reproducibility of single composite membranes, while the conformation change of adsorbed polyelectrolytes is one of the reasons for the flux reduction of composite membranes with less than 10 self-assembled double layers. Though the flux reproducibility of single membranes is barely acceptable (relative error about 25%), the average fluxes of several membranes made under the same conditions show good reproducibility. All composite membranes with less than 10 self-assembled double layers, from a structure point of view, were stable because the fluxes of polyelectrolyte membranes didn?t increase as time passed.
The separation performance of the self-assembled composite membranes developed in this work is not as good as it was originally expected, but it is still better than that of commercial poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes for the dehydration of IPA/water mixtures, which indicates that new self-assembled composite membranes could be used for practical dehydration of IPA. The flux of the self-assembled composite membrane with 2 double layers was two times higher than that of reported self-assembled membrane in the literature when an IPA/water feed mixture with 10. 0 wt% of water was used at 60°C. The composite membrane with 2 self-assembled double layers is a high performance membrane for IPA dehydration.
The formation of a single self-assembled layer on a non-porous substrate has been studied, but nothing has been reported about the formation of a self-assembled multilayer on a porous substrate. Based on the separation performance of different self-assembled composite membranes made from different materials and at different fabrication conditions, a two-stage process is proposed to explain the formation of a self-assembled multilayer on a porous substrate. Polyelectrolyte molecules, in the first stage, will deposit on the non-porous portion of the surface of a porous substrate while polyelectrolyte molecules will go into and fill the pores on the surface of a porous substrate to change a porous substrate into a "non-porous" substrate. In the second stage, polyelectrolyte molecules will deposit on a "non-porous substrate" to form a multilayer. This process can also be used to explain the formation of a multilayer on a non-porous substrate.
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Pataky, Tamas. "Is economic value added (eva) the best way to assemble a portfolio?" Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/599.
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In search of a better investment metric, researchers began to study Economic Value Added, or EVA, which was introduced in 1991 by Stern Stewart & Co in their book, "The Quest for Value" (Turvey, 2000). Stern Stewart & Co devised EVA as a better alternative to evaluate investment projects within the corporate finance field, later to be considered for use as a performance metric for investor use. A wide array of multinational corporations, such as Coca-Cola, Briggs and Stratton, and AT&T adopted the EVA method, which led to EVA's worldwide acclaim. Several points in the study reveal that EVA does not offer less risk, higher returns, and more adaptability for an investor. In fact, EVA underperformed the traditional portfolio performance metrics in key measurements including mean returns, and confidence intervals. EVA is a difficult performance metric to calculate, with several complex components that can be calculated in several different ways such as NOPAT, cost of equity, and cost of debt. Any information that is inaccurate or lacking can significantly impact the outcomes. Traditional performance metrics, on the other hand, such as ROA, ROE, and E/P are simple to calculate with few components, and only one way to calculate them.B.S.B.A.
Bachelors
Business Administration
Finance
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Yeung, Latifa Tse Fung. "Using administrative data to assemble a cohort of women infected with hepatitis C." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63070.pdf.
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Bolandnazar, Mohammadreza. "On properties of the order-based cost function in assemble-to-order systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45386.
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One of the main results of "Order-Based Cost Optimization in Assemble-to-Order Systems" [1] by Y. Lu and J-S. Song, Operations Research, 53, 151-169 (2005) is Proposition 1 (c), which states that the cost function of an assemble-to-order inventory system satisfies a discrete convexity property called L♮-convexity. Based on this result, Lu and Song proposed two types of L♮-convex minimization algorithms for finding the optimum policy. We construct a simple assemble-to-order system for which the cost function fails to satisfy L♮-convexity. Using a similar system, we further show that the cost function may not enjoy a more general notion of discrete convexity property called D-convexity. Yet, because of some other properties of the cost function, one can still solve the cost optimization problem using other methods from the literature.
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Manouvrier, Christophe. "Développement d'un test spécifique de détection d'un jeune joueur." Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0044/document.
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Le Footeval est un test intermittent avec ballon qui évalue les joueurs de football de manière globale, dont la validité et la reproductibilité ont été démontrées dans ce document. Nos travaux ont montré également que les déterminants de la performance au Footeval sont, à différents degrés, le potentiel aérobie à 33% (VO2max), la qualité pliométrique à 21%, la maîtrise technique du ballon du sujet à 9% d'un point de vue qualitatif et à 27% d'un point de vue quantitatif. Le Footeval affiche une sensibilité à l'entraînement en début de saison comme le Vam-Eval mais une différence apparaît sur le type de contenu. En effet le Footeval exprime une plus grande affinité aux entraînements basés sur le ballon comme les jeux réduits. Cette spécificité est encore plus prégnante puisque le Footeval discrimine parfaitement les joueurs de football en fonction de leur niveau de pratique en respectant la hiérarchie des championnats, et cela contrairement au Vam-Eval. L'un des facteurs responsables de la performance au Footeval, la vitesse avec ballon, nous a permis en partie d'expliquer ce constat. Par ce faisceau d'élément le Footeval apparaît comme un test spécifique à l'activité, un outil pertinent lors d'une journée de détection ou dans le cadre d'une validation de progrès en présaison suite à un entraînement exclusivement basé sur le ballon. Par ses caractéristiques, sa spécificité, sa sensibilité le Footeval s'inscrit pleinement dans l'orientation actuelle de l'entraînement à savoir une préparation physique intégréeFooteval test is an intermittent test that includes technical skills which aim to assess players’ level globally. Its validity and reliability have been demonstrated in this document. Our work highlighted that design of the test and technical skills inclusion lead to performance’s determinant repartition as follow: 33% on aerobic potential (VO2max), 21% in plyometric skills on lower limb, 36% on parameters related to technical abilities. We observed sensibility to global training, but this test is differently sensible to training modalities. Footeval test provides best sensibility to training with ball as “small side game” training, versus “generic” training. This sensibility is also highly related to football player ranking contrary to traditional test as Vam-Eval or basic sprints tests. Those findings allow concluding that Footeval is a highly specific test to football practice and appear relevant for scouting process. This test with its specificity and sensitivity is fully in line with current training trend based on integrated training
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Sasine, Joshua Sidney. "Nanocapsules : calix[4]arene derivatives that self-assemble through ionic interactions in polar solvents." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062005-111910/unrestricted/sasine%5Fjoshua%5Fs%5F200505%5Fphd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.Shuker, Suzanne, Committee Chair ; Seley, Katherine, Committee Member ; DeWeerth, Steve, Committee Member ; Doyle, Donald, Committee Member ; Collard, David, Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Momeni, Mahboubeh. "Development of a right angle friction stir welding (RAFSW) technique to assemble aluminum products." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70265.
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Aujourd'hui, le soudage par friction-malaxage (FSW) a attiré beaucoup d'attention dans les secteurs universitaires et industriels. Malgré ses avantages importants par rapport aux techniques de soudage par fusion, il n'est pas largement utilisé dans l'industrie actuelle, principalement en raison des coûts d'équipement élevés et des redevances. Certaines autres raisons sont les forces de processus élevées, le besoin d'un serrage puissant, le manque de directives concernant la fenêtre de travail efficace des paramètres du processus et l'effet du traitement thermique après soudage. En outre, il est nécessaire d'avoir une conception d'outils appropriée pour différentes applications, géométries et configurations de soudage. Pour surmonter ces problèmes, une technique FSW rentable appelée FSW à angle droit(RAFSW) a récemment été introduite par l'équipe PI2/ REGAL de l'Université Laval. Il est essentiel de développer et d'étudier ses différents aspects pour rendre la technique fiable pour une large utilisation industrielle. Dans cette thèse, l'objectif est de fournir aux utilisateurs potentiels des directives et des fenêtres de travail efficaces pour les paramètres du processus de soudage à des vitesses de soudage élevées applicables à différentes configurations et géométries. Une conception d'outils appropriée pour différentes applications est également un autre aspect à explorer. De plus l'effet du traitement thermique après soudage sera étudié. Enfin, la technique sera adaptée pour être mise en œuvre sur des routeurs CNC de grande taille et à faible coût afin d'assembler de grands panneaux en aluminium à de faibles forces de soudage sans avoir besoin d'un serrage solide.Today, friction stir welding (FSW) has attracted much attention in both academic and industrial sectors. In spite of its prominent advantages over fusion welding techniques, it is not widely used intoday's industry mainly due to high equipment costs and royalties. Some other reasons are high process forces, need for powerful clamping, lack of guidelines regarding efficient working window of process parameters and the effect of post weld heat treatment. Furthermore, it is needed to have aproper tool design for different applications, geometries, and welding configurations. To overcome these issues, a cost-effective FSW technique called FSW at right angle (RAFSW) has been recently introduced by PI2/REGAL team at Laval University. It is essential to develop and study its different aspects to make the technique reliable for widespread industrial use. In this thesis, the aim is to provide potential users with guidelines and efficient working windows for welding process parameters at high welding speeds applicable for different configurations and geometries. Proper tool design for different applications is another aspect to be explored, as well. Moreover, the effect of postweld heat treatment will be studied. Finally, the technique will be adapted to implement on big-size,low-cost CNC routers to assemble large aluminum panels at low welding forces without the need forsturdy clamping.
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Cabrera, Costa Carlo Miguel, Rivas Enzo Andres Costa, Zavala Fernando Sotomayor, Aparicio Camila Trillo, and Altuna Lily Natali Ishikane. "Salsas artesanales Tantay." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652285.
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En este proyecto se manifiesta una idea de negocio planteada por un grupo de estudiantes de la UPC. Los conocimientos aprendidos a lo largo de la carrera de cada uno han sido expuestos en el siguiente Trabajo. En primer lugar, hemos identificado el problema donde el usuario se ve en la necesidad de quedarse en casa tras el temor a la inseguridad ciudadana, en donde los altos índices de delincuencia han hecho que las personas opten por permanecer en casa o un lugar privado para pasar un buen momento. Por esta razón, creamos un producto para que las personas disfruten de un momento ameno sin exponerse. Siendo nuestro público objetivo personas de 18 a 60 años de edad de los NSE A - B de las zonas 7 y 8 de la ciudad limeña. Por esta razón, fundamos Tantay, una salsa de ají con finas hierbas 100% natural, elaborada con ingredientes de calidad de procedencia peruana y bajo un proceso artesanal, siendo una opción de acompañamiento para snacks u otros alimentos. Una combinación de sabores y texturas es lo que representa nuestra salsa, gracias a la amplia variedad de insumos nacionales que proporcionarán frescura y naturalidad al producto. Para lograr todo lo mencionado, hemos desarrollado un análisis donde se desarrollará planes estratégicos que abarquen Plan de Marketing, Plan operacional, Plan de Recursos Humanos, Plan de Responsabilidad Social y el Plan Financiero para poder evaluar la empresa y desarrollar el proyecto con éxito.This project manifests a business idea raised by a group of UPC students. The knowledge learned throughout the career of each one has been exposed in the following Work. Firstly, we have identified the problem where the user sees himself in the need to stay at home after fear of citizen insecurity, where high crime rates have made people choose to stay at home or a private place to have a good time. For this reason, we create a product for people to enjoy a pleasant moment without exposing themselves. Our target audience is people between 18 and 60 years of age from the NSE A - B of zones 7 and 8 of the Lima city. For this reason, we founded Tantay, a chili sauce with fine herbs 100% natural, made with quality ingredients of Peruvian origin and under an artisanal process, being an accompaniment option for snacks or other foods. A combination of flavors and textures is what our sauce represents, thanks to the wide variety of national ingredients that will provide freshness and naturalness to the product. To achieve all of the aforementioned, we have developed an analysis where strategic plans will be developed that include the Marketing Plan, the Operational Plan, the Human Resources Plan, the Social Responsibility Plan and the Financial Plan in order to evaluate the company and carry out the project successfully.
Trabajo de investigación
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Huron, Samuel. "Constructive Visualization : A token-based paradigm allowing to assemble dynamic visual representation for non-experts." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112253/document.
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Durant les 20 dernières années, la recherche en visualisation d’informations (InfoVis) a permis l’émergence de nouvelles techniques et méthodes qui permettent d’assister l’analyse de données intensives pour la science, l’industrie, et les gouvernements. Cependant, la plupart de ces travaux de recherches furent orientés sur des données statiques pour des utilisateurs experts.Dernièrement, des évolutions technologique et sociétales ont eu pour effet de rendre les données de plus en plus dynamiques et accessibles pour une population plus diverse. Par exemple des flux de données tels que les emails, les mises à jours de statuts sur les réseaux sociaux, les flux RSS, les systèmes de gestion de versions, et bien d’autres. Ces nouveaux types de données sont utilisés par une population qui n’est pas forcément entraînée ou éduquée à utiliser des visualisations de données. La plupart de ces personnes sont des utilisateurs occasionnels, d’autres utilisent très souvent ces données dans leurs travaux. Dans les deux cas, il est probable que ces personnes n’aient pas reçu de formation formelle en visualisation de données.Ces changements technologiques et sociétaux ont généré une multitude de nouveaux défis, car la plupart des techniques de visualisations sont conçues pour des experts et des bases de données statiques. Peu d’études ont été conduites pour explorer ces défis. Dans ce rapport de thèse, j’adresse la question suivante : « Peut-on permettre à des utilisateurs non-experts de créer leur propre visualisation et de contribuer à l’analyse de flux de données ? »La première étape pour répondre à cette question est d’évaluer si des personnes non formées à la visualisation d’informations ou aux « data sciences » peuvent effectuer des tâches d’analyse de données dynamiques utiles, en utilisant un système de visualisation adapté pour supporter cette tâche. Dans la première partie de cette dissertation, je présente différents scénarios et systèmes, qui permettent à des utilisateurs non-experts (de 20 à 300 ou 2000 à 700 000 personnes) d’utiliser la visualisation d’informations pour analyser des données dynamiques.Un autre problème important est le manque de principes génériques de design pour l’encodage visuel de visualisations d’informations dynamiques. Dans cette dissertation, je conçois, définis, et explore un espace de design pour représenter des donnés dynamiques pour des utilisateurs non-experts. Cette espace de design est structuré par des jetons graphiques représentant des éléments de données qui permettent de construire dans le temps différentes visualisations, tant classiques que nouvelles.Dans cette thèse, je propose un nouveau paradigme de conception (design) pour faciliter la réalisation de visualisation d’informations par les utilisateurs non-experts. Ce paradigme est inspiré par des théories établies en psychologie du développement, tout autant que par des pratiques passées et présentes de création de visualisation à partir d’objets tangibles. Je décris tout d’abord les composants et processus de bases qui structurent ce paradigme. Ensuite, j’utiliserai cette description pour étudier *si et comment* des utilisateur non-experts sont capables de créer, discuter, et mettre à jour leurs propres visualisations. Cette étude nous permettra de réviser notre modèle précédent et de fournir une première exploration des phénomènes relatifs à la création d’encodages visuels par des utilisateurs non-experts sans logiciel. En résumé, cette thèse contribue à la compréhension des visualisations dynamiques pour des utilisateurs non-expertsDuring the past two decades, information visualisation (InfoVis) research has created new techniques and methods to support data- intensive analyses in science, industry and government. These have enabled a wide range of analyses tasks to be executed, with tasks varying in terms of the type and volume of data involved. However, the majority of this research has focused on static datasets, and the analysis and visualisation tasks tend to be carried out by trained expert users. In more recent years, social changes and technological advances have meant that data have become more and more dynamic, and are consumed by a wider audience. Examples of such dynamic data streams include e-mails, status updates, RSS 1 feeds, versioning systems, social networks and others. These new types of data are used by populations that are not specifically trained in information visualization. Some of these people might consist of casual users, while others might consist of people deeply involved with the data, but in both cases, they would not have received formal training in information visualization. For simplicity, throughout this dissertation, I refer to the people (casual users, novices, data experts) who have not been trained in information visualisation as non-experts.These social and technological changes have given rise to multiple challenges because most existing visualisation models and techniques are intended for experts, and assume static datasets. Few studies have been conducted that explore these challenges. In this dissertation, with my collaborators, I address the question: Can we empower non-experts in their use of visualisation by enabling them to contribute to data stream analysis as well as to create their own visualizations?The first step to answering this question is to determine whether people who are not trained in information visualisation and the data sciences can conduct useful dynamic analysis tasks using a visualisation system that is adapted to support their tasks. In the first part of this dissertation I focus on several scenarios and systems where different sized crowds of InfoVis non-experts users (20 to 300 and 2 000 to 700 000 people) use dynamic information visualisation to analyse dynamic data.Another important issue is the lack of generic design principles for the visual encoding of dynamic visualization. In this dissertation I design, define and explore a design space to represent dynamic data for non-experts. This design space is structured by visual tokens representing data items that provide the constructive material for the assembly over time of different visualizations, from classic represen- tations to new ones. To date, research on visual encoding has been focused on static datasets for specific tasks, leaving generic dynamic approaches unexplored and unexploited.In this thesis, I propose construction as a design paradigm for non-experts to author simple and dynamic visualizations. This paradigm is inspired by well-established developmental psychological theory as well as past and existing practices of visualisation authoring with tangible elements. I describe the simple conceptual components and processes underlying this paradigm, making it easier for the human computer interaction community to study and support this process for a wide range of visualizations. Finally, I use this paradigm and tangible tokens to study if and how non-experts are able to create, discuss and update their own visualizations. This study allows us to refine our previous model and provide a first exploration into how non-experts perform a visual mapping without software. In summary, this thesis contributes to the understanding of dynamic visualisation for non-expert users
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Juknevičius, Remigijus. "Detalių pozicionavimo paieškos metodu tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050611_132058-91358.
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The name of this subject is ‘The investigation of parts orientation efficiency resing search technique’. Problems in parts interdependent orientation when using different movement trajectories in perpendicular to assembly plane are investigated. An influence of search trajectories on joining accuracy is analyzed.
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Zhao, Jiuzhou. "Convective Assembly of Rod-shaped Melanosome in Dilute Polymer Solution." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1462211308.
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Tada, Yasuhiko. "Morphology and Placement Control of Microdomain Structure in Block Copolymer Thin Film for Fabricating Ultra High Density Pattern." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157615.
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Lu, Chenze. "Nano-assemblages d'ADN induites par des cibles - Détection de petites cibles par formation de réseaux d'ADN." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV066/document.
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La détection de petites molécules contribue au développement de nombreux domaines tels que la sécurité alimentaire, la sécurité intérieure, le diagnostic, le contrôle de l'environnement, etc. Cependant, la petite taille de ces cibles et leur faible concentration rendent difficile leur détection. Pour pallier à cela, des biocapteurs avec des sondes appropriées et des stratégies d'amplification du signal sont nécessaires. Parmi les éléments de reconnaissance couramment utilisés, les aptamères présentent l'avantage d'une synthèse aisée et de grandes possibilités de modification, ainsi qu'une dénaturation réversible à haute température et une tolérance élevée à la concentration en sel et au pH dans le milieu de travail. Plus important encore, la petite taille des aptamères en fait un choix idéal pour créer des structures adaptées pour la détection de petites cibles. La possibilité de couper la séquence de l'aptamère a fourni d'autres approches d’amplification de signal. Il existe deux catégories de méthodes de détection basées sur des aptamères : analyse hétérogène lorsque l'aptamère est immobilisé sur la surface ou analyse homogène lorsque le test est réalisé en solution. Nous proposons dans cette thèse une approche appliquable aux deux stratégies. L'adénosine a été utilisée comme une cible modèle pour cette preuve de concept. La détection de l'adénosine a été obtenue en combinant l'auto-assemblage de dimères d'oligonucléotides avec des extrémités pendantes correspondantes à l'aptamère coupé. Nous avons construit des structures auto-assemblées d'ADN (de 1D à 3D) avec l'adénosine comme déclencheur d'un changement structurel. La première méthode décrite dans ce travail consiste à utiliser de telles structures d'ADN combinées à l'imagerie par Résonance de Plasmons de Surface (SPRi). La SPRi est une méthode sensible à la variation d'indice optique produite par l'interaction entre les sondes immobilisées sur le prisme de l'or et la cible dans la solution. En présence d'adénosine, la structure d'ADN s'auto-assemble sur la surface de l'or et un signal a été créé. La limite de détection de l'adénosine atteinte par cette méthode est de 10 μM. La deuxième homogène méthode consiste à analyser les variations d'absorbance UV de la solution contenant les structures d'ADN puisque l'absorbance UV de l'ADN monocaténaire et du duplex ADN hybride est différente. En raison de cet effet, la température de fusion des brins d'ADN peut être déterminée par la dérivée de l'absorbance UV mesurée. Les structures d'ADN combinant les extrémités pendantes de l'aptamère coupé couplés à des oligonucléotides complémentaires présentent deux températures de fusion caractéristique de la dissociation de chaque partie. L'une correspond à l'oligonucléotide hybridé et l'autre à l'aptamère coupé liant l'adénosine. En présence d'adénosine dans la solution, la stabilité de la structure augmente et le pic de fusion de l'aptamère coupé est décalé à une température plus élevée tandis que le second pic de fusion reste identique et peut servir de référence interne. La limite de détection atteinte pour cette méthode est de 1 μM. Les structures d'ADN que nous avons proposées s'auto-assemblent de manière linéaire ou bi- ou tri-dimensionnelle : la structure 1D est une chaîne d'ADN formée par un enchainement de dimères connectés par des extrémités formées de l'aptamère scindé; La structure en 2D est une structure en forme de Y formée par un ADN simple brin avec une extrémité aptamère scindé sur chaque branche du "Y"; La structure 3D est un tétraèdre formé par quatre simple brins d'ADN avec des extrémités aptamère scindé sur les quatre sommets. En présence d'adénosine, les structures 2D et 3D peuvent s'auto-assembler et ainsi former un réseau avec les extrémités pendantes. La structure 1D a été mûrement développée pour les deux méthodes, les structures 2D et 3D ont été prouvées efficaces pour la détection, mais nécessitent encore plus d'efforts pour permettre une détection optimiséeThe detection of small molecules contributes to the development of many fields such as food safety, homeland security, diagnose, environment control, etc. However, their small size and low concentration are the usual cause of limitations in their detection. In order to improve the detection, biosensors with appropriate probes and signal amplification strategies are required. Amongst the commonly used recognition elements, aptamer has the advantage of easier mass production and modification, reversible denaturation at high temperature and high tolerance of salt concentration and pH in the working environment. More importantly its small size made it an ideal choice for creating delicate structures for the detection of small targets. The possibility of splitting the aptamer sequence has provided more approaches for amplification purpose. There are two categories of detecting methods based on aptamers: heterogeneous analyzation where the aptamer is immobilized on a surface or homogeneous analyzation where the assay is performed in solution. In this thesis, we proposed an amplification method useful for both heterogeneous and homogeneous assays. Adenosine was used as a proof of concept target. The detection of Adenosine was achieved by combining the self-assembly of oligonucleotide dimers with split-aptamer dangling ends. We constructed self-assembled DNA structures (from 1D to 3D) with Adenosine as the trigger for a structural change. The heterogeneous assay is based on in Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi). SPRi is a method sensitive to the change of refraction index created by the interaction between the probes immobilized on the gold surface and the targets in the flowing solution. With the presence of Adenosine in the solution, the DNA structure is self-assembled on the gold surface and the signal was created. The detection limit achieved by this method was 10 µM. The second homogeneous assay is based on the melting profile of the solution determined from the absorbance of UV light (260 nm wavelength). The UV absorbance of single strand DNA and hybridized DNA duplex is different. Due to this effect, the melting temperature could be obtained from the UV absorbance measured. The DNA structures combining self-complementary oligonucleotides and split-aptamer dangling ends have two melting temperatures, one correspond to the oligonucleotides and the other to the split-aptamer. In presence of Adenosine in the solution the strength in the binding is increased. As a result, the melting peak of the split-aptamer shifted to higher temperature while the second melting peak correspond the oligonucleotide remains the same as an internal reference. The detection limit achieved for this method was 1 µM. The DNA structures we proposed varied from 1D to 3D: the 1D structure was a DNA chain formed by a series of dimers connected through split-aptamer dangling ends; the 2D structure was a Y shape structure formed by three single-strand DNA with a split-aptamer dangling end on each branch of the “Y”; the 3D structure was a tetrahedron formed by four single-strand DNA with split-aptamer dangling ends on the four vertexes. With presence of Adenosine, 2D and 3D structures can further form a network with the dangling ends. The 1D structure has been maturely developed for the two detection methods, the 2D and 3D structures have been proven effective for detection but still require more efforts to reach perfection
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Akogyeram, Samuel. "Bonding and debonding mechanism of pressure sensitive adhesives." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12765.
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Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are complex macromolecular-based blend formulations that, in dry form will adhere permanently to diverse surfaces with the application of mere finger pressure. This thesis addresses the bonding and debonding mechanisms of coated films of different commercially available PSAs by systemically investigating the film characteristics on multiple levels. The methods implemented involve a novel procedure in investigating viscoelastic properties with Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, film surface chemistry with Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and film morphology, modulus and bonding characteristics with Atomic Force Microscope. The theoretical aspect invoked rubber elasticity, viscoelasticity and thermodynamic concepts in representation of film morphology with corresponding adhesion nature. The results indicate that the bonding and debonding behaviour of PSA films are of a viscoelastic nature, dictated mainly by two fundamental morphological elements. These elements are; (1) the formation of phase-separated self-assembly of polystyrene-richcopolymer nano-domains within the adhesive matrix and (2) the inter-linking of the nanodomains by elastically active elastomer segments into a physical crosslinked network system that is highly efficient in dissipating large strain energy. These morphological factors are manifested through a profound contribution to the peel strength of the adhesive films when either coated at high temperatures or annealed. Increasing the content of the polystyrene endblock-tackifier in the adhesive blend formulation increased the PSA’s performance sensitivity to the film coating temperature. Meanwhile increasing the cis-C=C bond concentration in the formulation reduced the film’s performance sensitivity to coating temperature, as polydienes are premised to promote the entropy-elasticity of the film matrix by contributing to the nano-domain interconnections. This thesis generates many qualitative similarities, despite the significantly different adhesive blends investigated and hopefully the results reported here are more universal than one might expect.
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Fang, Jianxin. "Analyse et algorithmes de résolution de systèmes ATO (Assemble-To-Order) : Applications aux systèmes du type W." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0012/document.
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Nous analysons un type W de système de l’Assemble-à-commande avec des délais de livraison aléatoires, l'arrivée aléatoire de la demande et des ventes perdues, en temps continu. Nous formulons le problème en tant que processus de décision Markov à l'horizon infini. Nous nous éloignons de l'approche standard en caractérisant une région de l'espace d'état où toutes les propriétés de la fonction de coût tiennent. Nous caractérisons la politique optimale dans cette région. En particulier, nous montrons que, dans l'intérieur de la région récurrente, les composants sont toujours produits. Nous caractérisons également la politique d'allocation de composants optimale qui spécifie si une demande de produit arrivant devrait être remplie. Notre analyse révèle que la politique d'allocation optimale est contre-intuitive. Par exemple, même lorsqu'un produit domine l'autre, en termes de coût/taux de vente perdue, sa demande peut ne pas avoir une priorité absolue par rapport à la demande de l'autre produit. Une telle caractéristique n'a pas été observée dans de nombreux paramètres intégrés de production/inventaire où l'allocation d'inventaire suit une priorité fixe pour satisfaire les exigences. Nous montrons également que la structure de la politique optimale reste la même pour les systèmes à production par lots, les temps de production répartis par Erlang et la demande de produits non unitaire. Enfin, nous proposons des heuristiques efficaces qui peuvent être utilisées comme substitut à la politique optimale ou peuvent être utilisées comme une politique de départ pour les algorithmes communs utilisés pour obtenir une politique optimale dans le but de réduire leur temps de calculWe analyze a W-configuration assemble-to-order system with random lead times, random arrival of demand, and lost sales, in continuous time. We formulate the problem as an infinite-horizon Markov decision process. We deviate from the standard approach by first characterizing a region (the recurrent region) of the state space where all properties of the cost function hold. We then characterize the optimal policy within this region. In particular, we show that within the interior of the recurrent region components are always produced. We also characterize the optimal component allocation policy which specifies whether an arriving product demand should be fulfilled. Our analysis reveals that the optimal allocation policy is counter-intuitive. For instance, even when one product dominates the other, in terms of lost sale cost and lost sale cost rate (i.e., demand rate times the lost sale cost), its demand may not have absolute priority over the other product’s demand. Such a feature has not been observed in many integrated production/inventory settings where inventory allocation follows a fixed priority in satisfying demands. We also show that the structure of the optimal policy remains the same for systems with batch production, Erlang distributed production times, and non-unitary product demand. Finally, we propose efficient heuristics that can be either used as a substitute for the optimal policy or can be used as a starting policy for the common algorithms that are used to obtain the optimal policy in an effort to reduce their computational time
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Golghasemi, sorkhabi Shahla. "Study of the effects of solvent and temperatures on the self-assemble surface patterns in azopolymer films." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0059.
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Dans cette thèse nous présentons différents motifs formés par auto-organisation de matériaux azopolymères soumis à un rayonnement lumineux. Nous avons montré que de nombreux réseaux de surface photoinduits, jusqu'à 10, peuvent êtreenregistrés sur la même zone d’un film azopolymère pourvu que la polarisation du faisceau d'écriture soit bien choisie. Cet effet a permis la création d'une grande variété de motifs complexes. Dans cette thèse, nous montrons de telles structures complexes formées à la surface de couches minces d'azopolymère via un ensemble de réseaux superposés (jusqu'à 16 sur la même zone). Nous créons ainsi des structures dites quasi-cristal à 2 dimensions. La surface d'azopolymère est alors utilisée comme un moule afin d'être répliquée avec un élastomère. La couche d’élastomère ainsi produite possède la même structure que le moule enazopolymère. Cette couche est flexible, transparente et étirable et nous l'avons utilisé pour le dépôt de nano-objets uniques. Les caractéristiques de deux surfaces photoinduites de deux azopolymères chiraux ont été comparées: une surface aléatoire de type gaussien et une surface avec des réseaux quasi-aléatoires. Ces motifs ont été obtenus avec une technique simple de type ‘bottom-up’ en éclairant la couche mince d'azopolymère avec un seul faisceau laser. La surface avec des réseaux quasi-aléatoires peut être utilisée pour le couplage de la lumière dans plusieurs directions dans un film ultra-mince. Ces deux surfaces ont été utilisées comme moule et répliquées sur un élastomère transparent. Elles montrent un très bon piégeage de la lumière. Plus précisément, le piégeage de la lumière est 20% meilleur avec les réseaux quasialéatoires qu'avec la surface aléatoire de type gaussien et il est de l'ordre de 40%In this thesis we present various patterns formed by self-organization of azopolymer materials subjected to light radiation. We have shown that many photoinduced surface gratings, up to 10, can be recorded on the same area of an azopolymer film, provided that the polarization of the writing beam is well chosen. This effect allowed the creation of a wide variety of complex patterns. In this thesis, we show such complexstructures formed on the surface of thin layers of azopolymer, via a set of superimposed networks (up to 16 on the same zone). We thus create so-called quasicrystal structures with 2 dimensions. The azopolymer surface is then used as a mold to be replicated with an elastomer. The elastomer layer produced has the same structure as the azopolymer mold. This layer is flexible, transparent and stretchable and we used it for the deposition of unique nano-objects. The characteristics of two photoinduced surfaces of two chiral azopolymers were compared: a Gaussian type random surface and a surface with quasi-random lattices. These patterns were obtained with a simple bottom-up technique, by illuminating the thin layer of azopolymer with a single laser beam. The surface with quasi-random lattices can be used for the coupling of light in several directions in an ultra-thin film. These two surfaces were used as molds and replicated on a transparent elastomer. They show a very good trapping of light. More precisely, the trapping of the light is 20% better with the quasi-random gratings than with the random surface of the Gaussian type and it is of the order of 40%
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Rottereau, Manuel. "Agrégation, percolation et séparation de phase d'une assembée de sphères dures browniennes adhésives. Approche par Simulation hors réseau." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00380854.
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Les fluides et systèmes complexes constituent une classe de "matériaux" au sens large dont l'originalité des propriétés statiques et dynamiques résulte à la fois de la structure chimique des particules élémentaires qui les constituent et de leur organisation dans l'espace en particulier aux échelles mésoscopiques. Ces systèmes sont souvent le lieu de phénomènes d'agrégation, de gélification et/ou de séparation de phase dus aux interactions entre les entités constituantes. Les structures complexes ainsi formées peuvent s'étendre sur des échelles allant du nanomètre au macroscopique et sont parfois transitoires ou réversibles ce qui génère l'apparition de propriétés rhéologiques remarquables.Si les systèmes présentent une grande diversité au niveau des interactions responsables des structures et au niveau de leur énergie (polymères associatifs, systèmes hétérogènes nanophasés, mélanges de colloïdes et de polymères, gels chimiques et physiques, biopolymères), au-delà des spécificités propres à chaque système nous sommes particulièrement intéressés par la recherche de lois de comportements "universelles" résultant de l'organisation spatiale des structures.
L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre la formation de ces structures et leur façon de remplir l'espace par modélisation des processus à l'aide de la simulation numérique. Le modèle numérique est base sur un système de sphères dures hors réseau qui modélise par exemple un ensemble de micelles sphériques en interaction (attraction, répulsion).
La première étape consiste à distribuer les sphères dures dans une boite cubique puis à les animer d'un mouvement brownien afin d'aboutir à un système parfaitement bien équilibré. L'introduction de paramètres décrivant la portée et l'intensité des forces attractives entre les sphères permet une étude "statique" de la transition sol-gel.
Les phénomènes d'agrégation irréversible limitée par la diffusion (DLCA) conduisent à des structures fractales qui sont modélisées par l'intermédiaire d'une probabilité de collage entre amas égale à 1 (deux amas qui se rencontrent se collent toujours de façon irréversible). Les résultats obtenus, temps de gel, dimension fractale sont analysés et comparés avec d'autres modèles, notamment sur réseau. La modélisation hors réseau permet une étude à toutes les échelles spatiales (y compris locales).
Une autre partie de ce travail a porté sur l'étude des phénomènes d'agrégation réversible. La ligne de percolation de notre modèle est comparée à celle obtenue dans l'approximation de Percus-Yevick avec les relations de fermeture de Ornstein-Zernike. La séparation de phase est clairement observée dans une certaine gamme d'interaction (distance et force) et comparée par l'intermédiaire du paramètre d'adhésivité (tau^-1) aux résultats expérimentaux et théoriques.
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Betts, John Maurice 1960. "Just-in-time replenishment and component substitution decisions for assemble-to-order manufacturing when capital is investor-supplied." Monash University, School of Business Systems, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9361.
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Courtmanche, Mia Jill. "Assement of Change in Fruit and Vegetable Intakes and Exercise Behavior of College Students Following an Online Intervention." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CourtmancheMJ2009.pdf.
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Nadar, Emre. "New Markov Decision Process Formulations and Optimal Policy Structure for Assemble-to-Order and New Product Development Problems." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/143.
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This thesis examines two complex, dynamic problems by employing the theory of Markov
Decision Processes (MDPs). Chapters 2 and 3 consider assemble-to-order (ATO) inventory systems. An ATO system consists of several components and several products, and assembles products as demand is realized; it is becoming increasingly popular since it provides greater flexibility in manufacturing at a reasonable cost. This work contributes to the ATO research stream by characterizing optimal inventory replenishment and allocation policies. Chapter 4 examines the new product development (NPD) process with scarce resources and many projects in parallel, each lasting several periods, in the face of uncertainty. This study advances the NPD literature by revealing that optimal project selection and resource allocation decisions are congestion-dependent. Below, I elaborate on the novel optimal policies and structural results I obtain using MDP formulations, which is the overarching theme of the thesis.
In Chapter 2, I consider generalized ATO “M-systems" with multiple components and multiple products. These systems involve a single “master" product which uses multiple units from each component, and multiple individual products each of which consumes multiple units from a different component. Such systems are common for manufacturers selling an assembled product as well as individual spare parts.
I model these systems as infinite-horizon MDPs under the discounted cost criterion. Each component is produced in batches of fixe size in a make-to stock fashion; batch sizes are determined by individual product sizes. Production times are independent and exponentially distributed. Demand for each product arrives as an independent Poisson process. If not satisfied immediately upon arrival, these demands are lost. Therefore the state of the system can be described by component inventory levels.
A control policy specifies when a batch of components should be produced (i.e., inventory replenishment), and whether an arriving demand for each product should be satisfied (i.e.,inventory allocation). The convexity property that has been largely used to characterize optimal policies in the MDP literature may fail to hold in our case. Therefore I introduce new functional characterizations for submodularity and supermodularity restricted to certain lattices of the state space. The optimal cost function satisfies these new characterizations: The state space of the problem can be partitioned into disjoint lattices such that, on each lattice, (a) it is optimal to produce a batch of a particular component if and only if the state vectors less than a certain threshold associated with that component, and (b) it is optimal to fulfill a demand of a particular product if and only if the state vector is greater than or equal to a certain threshold associated with that product. I refer to this policy as a lattice-dependent base-stock and lattice-dependent rationing (LBLR) policy. I also show that if the optimization criterion is modified to the average cost rate, LBLR remains optimal.
Chapter 2 makes three important contributions. First, this is the first study that establishes the optimal inventory replenishment and allocation policies for M-systems. Second, this study is the first to characterize the optimal policies for any ATO problem when different products may use the same component in different quantities. Third, I introduce new functional characterizations restricted to certain lattices of the state space, giving rise to an LBLR policy.
In Chapter 3, I evaluate the use of an LBLR policy for general ATO systems as a heuristic.
I numerically compare the globally optimal policy to LBLR and two other heuristics from the literature: a state-dependent base-stock and state-dependent rationing (SBSR) policy, and a fixed base-stock and fixed rationing (FBFR) policy. Taking the average cost rate as the performance criterion, I develop a linear program to find the globally optimal cost, and Mixed Integer Programming formulations to find the optimal cost within each heuristic class. I generate more than 1800 instances for the general ATO problem, not restricted to the assumptions of Chapter 2, such as the M-system product structure. Interestingly, LBLR yields the globally optimal cost in all instances, while SBSR and FBFR provide solutions within 2.7% and 4.8% of the globally optimal cost, respectively. These numerical results also provide several insights into the performance of LBLR relative to other heuristics: LBLR and SBSR perform significantly better than FBFR when replenishment batch sizes imperfectly match the component requirements of the most valuable or most highly demanded product. In addition,
LBLR substantially outperforms SBSR if it is crucial to hold a significant amount of inventory that must be rationed.
Based on the numerical findings in Chapter 3, future research could investigate the optimality of LBLR for ATO systems with general product structures. However, as I construct counter-examples showing that submodularity and supermodularity { which are used to prove the optimality of LBLR in Chapter 2 { need not hold for general ATO systems, showing the optimality of LBLR for general ATO systems will likely require alternate proof techniques.
In Chapter 4, I study the problem of project selection and resource allocation in a multistage new product development (NPD) process with stage-dependent resource constraints.
As in Chapters 2 and 3, I model the problem as an infinite-horizon MDP, specifically under the discounted cost criterion. Each NPD project undergoes a different experiment at each stage of the NPD process; these experiments generate signals about the true nature of the project. Experimentation times are independent and exponentially distributed. Beliefs about the ultimate outcome of each project are updated after each experiment according to a Bayesian rule. Projects thus become differentiated through their signals, and all available signals for a project determine its category. The state of the system is described by the numbers of projects in each category. A control policy specifies, given the system state, how to utilize the resources at each stage, i.e., the projects (i) to experiment at each stage, and (ii) to terminate.
I characterize the optimal control policy as following a new type of strategy, state-dependent on-congestive promotion (SDNCP), for two different special cases of the general problem: (a)when there is a single informative experiment and projects are not terminated, or (b) when there are multiple uninformative experiments. An SDNCP policy implies that, at each stage, it is optimal to advance a project with the highest expected reward to the next stage if and only if the number of projects in each successor category is less than a state-dependent threshold. In addition, I show that threshold values decrease in a non-strict sense as a later stage becomes more congested or as an earlier stage becomes less congested. (A stage becomes “more congested" with an increase in the number of projects at this stage or with an increase in the expected reward of any project at this stage.) An SDNCP policy can be used as a heuristic for the general problem. I support the outstanding performance of an SDNCP policy in the general case through a numerical study. These findings highlight the importance of taking into account congestion in optimal portfolio strategies.
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Murthy, Nagesh Narasimha. "The manufacturing, marketing, and design interface : implications for manufacturing planning and control in an assemble-to-order environment." Connect to resource, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261400836.
Full text
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Zhu, Xiaobo. "DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS THAT SELF ASSEMBLE INTO MICELLES WITH CONTROLLED ACID AND LIPASE CATALYZED DEGRADATION." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/250374.
Full textAbstract:
ChemistryPh.D.
Poly (ε-caprolactone) block poly (ethylene glycol) (PCL-b-PEG) is typical amphiphilic block copolymer that self assembles into micelles in water where the hydrolytically stable hydrophilic PEG segment forms the exterior corona and the core contains the hydrophobic degradable PCL block. Micelles from PCL-b-PEG block copolymers are among the top candidates for application as transport and delivery systems. The efficiency for micellar transported therapeutics to reach the desired site is currently limited by processes that prematurely degrade the micelle and this issue is stimulating increased effort in evaluating how micelles respond to the conditions encountered in the digestive and circulatory systems. Drug loaded micelles introduced into the blood and digestive systems encounter a wide range of conditions, enzymes and other substances that can promote micelle precipitation, degradation and premature release of therapeutics. Furthermore, PEG-b-PCL diblock copolymer micelle stability in aqueous suspension, low drug loading content and burst drug releasing are also the critical issues in drug delivery system. One central objective for this research is to identify and utilize polymer structural features that influence the hydrolytic stability of micelles toward acid, base and enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis of the polyester cores. The strategy of by preparing a set of triblock copolymers (PEG-b-PBO-b-PCL) formed by inserting a short hydrophobic non-hydrolyzable PBO segment between the PEG and PCL blocks as an approach to increase the barrier for water to reach the sensitive interface ester at the surface of the PCL core and thus increase the micelle stability at acidic aqueous medium. However, the triblock micelle doesn't significantly reduce the rate of lipase enzyme catalyzed degradation of micelle from PCL-b-PEG-OMe. Another objective for this research is to prepare PCL-b-PEG diblock copolymer micelles that have high stability in aqueous suspensions, high drug loading content and selective reactions with lipase enzymes. The working hypothesis is that the micelles with charged groups at the terminus of PEG corona will increase the micelle dispersion stability and stabilize micelles with much larger hydrophobic cores through intermicelle electrostatic repulsions. When the micelle corona and lipase enzyme have the same charge there will be an increased barrier to reaction. The comparison of micelle dispersion stabilities micelles from HO-PCL-b-PEG-CH2CH=CH, [PCL-b-PEG-RCO2]- Na+ and [PCL-b-PEG-RSO3]-Na+ demonstrates that the micelles with ionic coronas have significantly higher suspension stability. Kinetic of lipase catalyzed degradation of micelles with corona charges shows that lipases selective reaction with corona charged micelles which could be used as design feature to selectivity for therapeutic transport and release. Modification hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface and corona charges of PCL-b-PEG diblock copolymer micelle are successful chemical strategies to increase micelle stability and control acid and lipase enzymes catalytic degradation.
Temple University--Theses
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Macdonald, Sally. "Female social relationships among wild Assemese macaques (Macaca assamensis)." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5F14-C.
Full textAbstract:
Es wurde wiederholt gezeigt, dass enge, affiliative soziale Beziehungen (im Folgenden
“soziale Beziehungen”) äußerst wichtig für die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden des Menschen
sind. Eine steigende Zahl von Befunden deutet darauf hin, dass nicht-menschliche Arten
Sozialbeziehungen führen, die wichtige Eigenschaften menschlicher sozialer Beziehungen teilen,
insbesondere Differenzierung in Stärke, Stabilität und Gleichwertigkeit, und dass diese
Beziehungen eine wichtige Rolle für die Fitness und das Wohlbefinden dieser Arten spielen.
Allerdings wurden diese Arbeiten von einigen stark kritisiert und es wird argumentiert, die
scheinbaren Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen menschlichen und nicht-menschlichen sozialen
Beziehungen könnten Begleiterscheinungen anderer, einfacherer Prozesse sein. Zudem wurden
nicht alle Aspekte der vorgeschlagenen, gemeinsamen Eigenschaften vollständig mit den
menschlichen Entsprechungen verglichen. Untersuchungen nicht-menschlicher sozialer
Beziehungen werden außerdem grundsätzlich durch einen Mangel an Übereinstimmung darüber,
wie nicht-menschliche soziale Beziehungen am besten quantitativ zu bewerten sind, erschwert.
Das allgemeine Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit war, die Eigenschaften sozialer Beziehungen zwischen
frei lebenden weiblichen Assam-Makaken zu ermitteln und sorgfältig zu prüfen, inwiefern diese
den Eigenschaften enger sozialer Beziehungen zwischen Menschen und anderen nichtmenschlichen
Arten gleichen. Ich habe mich im Speziellen mit den Kritiken und den
Wissenslücken hinsichtlich nicht-menschlicher sozialer Beziehungen befasst. Des Weiteren habe
ich die neuen Möglichkeiten, die die soziale Netzwerkanalyse bietet, um soziales Verhalten zu
messen, beurteilt und genutzt, sowie geprüft, ob diese Messmethoden unsere Bewertung nichtmenschlicher
Beziehungen verbessern können.
Die Daten dieser Arbeit stammen von einer einzelnen Gruppe Assam-Makaken, die in
ihrem natürlichen Lebensraum im Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary (16°5′–35′N, 101°20′–55′O) in der
Provinz Chaiyaphum im Nordosten Thailands leben. Das Schutzgebiet umfasst 1573km² und ist
Teil des ca. 6500 km² umfassenden, zusammenhängenden Western Forest Complex. Die Daten
wurden in zwei einjährigen Beobachtungszeiträumen erhoben (Zeitraum 1: Oktober 2007 –
September 2008; Zeitraum 2: Mai 2010 – April 2011). Während dieser Zeit bestand die Gruppe
aus insgesamt 49-53 Individuen, davon 12 adulten Weibchen im ersten und 15 adulten Weibchen
im zweiten Beobachtungszeitraum. Alle adulten Weibchen wurden regelmäßig mittels der
Fokustiermethode beobachtet, währenddessen alle sozialen Interaktionen kontinuierlich und
allgemeine Aktivitäten nach einer zeitabhängigen Regel aufgezeichnet wurden. Insgesamt
wurden über 2100 Stunden an Verhaltensbeobachtungen gesammelt. Die Analyse dieser Daten zeigte, dass die sozialen Beziehungen weiblicher Assam-
Makaken wesentliche Charakteristika enger sozialer Beziehungen von Menschen teilen. Wie
beim Menschen unterschieden sich die Sozialbeziehungen weiblicher Assammakaken deutlich in
ihrer Stärke, wobei Weibchen dazu neigen nur wenige überdurchschnittlich enge soziale
Beziehungen zu bilden. Außerdem blieben soziale Beziehungen über ein ganzes Jahr stabil, trotz
signifikanter Veränderungen in der Zeit, die Weibchen für andere Verhaltensweisen, wie z.B.
Fressen und Ruhen, aufwandten, wie sie mit Veränderungen im weiblichen Reproduktionszyklus
einhergehen. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass die sozialen Beziehungen über mehrere
Jahre stabil bestehen bleiben. Ich konnte nachweisen, dass Weibchen Leistungen balanciert
austauschen, allerdings wurden die Art und der Zeitrahmen, über den Leistungen ausgetauscht
wurden, im Gegensatz zu sozialen Beziehungen beim Menschen nicht durch die Stärke sozialer
Beziehungen beeinflusst. Der Einsatz der sozialen Netzwerkanalyse in meiner Arbeit zeigte, dass
diese nicht nur nützliche Messwerte liefert, um die Struktur der sozialen Beziehungen weiblicher
Assam-Makaken zu quantifizieren, sondern auch andere, potentiell nützliche Messwerte für
zukünftige Studien nicht-menschlicher sozialer Beziehungen.
Diese Ergebnisse liefern einen wertvollen Beitrag für unser Verständnis sowohl nichtmenschlicher
als auch menschlicher Sozialbeziehungen. Sie geben uns einen tieferen Einblick in
das Sozialleben von Assam-Makaken im Allgemeinen, in dem gezeigt wird, dass feste soziale
Beziehungen eine wichtige Größe des weiblichen Soziallebens dieser Art sind, während die
Rangordnung eine untergeordnete Rolle im weiblichen Verhalten spielt. Sie unterstützen den
“Ansatz der wertvollen Beziehungen”, der genutzt wird, um nicht-menschliche soziale
Beziehungen zu verstehen, und nicht den Ansatz der, von einigen vorgeschlagenen, biologischen
Markttheorie. Schließlich haben diese Ergebnisse Auswirkungen auf unser Verständnis des
evolutionären Ursprungs menschlicher sozialer Beziehungen, insbesondere für ihren
ursprünglichen funktionalen Nutzen, da sie Hinweise darauf geben, dass soziale Beziehungen
nicht-menschlicher Arten wichtige Eigenschaften mit engen zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen
gemeinsam haben. In Zukunft können wir unser Verständnis nicht-menschlicher
Sozialbeziehungen vertiefen, indem weiter untersucht wird, in welchen Eigenschaften sich diese
sozialen Beziehungen ähneln. Zeitgleich sollten wir versuchen, Eigenschaften, die insbesondere
für nicht-menschliche Arten von größerer Bedeutung sein könnten, zu ermitteln und zu
untersuchen. Schließlich sollten wir beginnen, unsere Aufmerksamkeit auf die vielen schwachen
und dynamischen sozialen Beziehungen zurichten, die in Gruppen nicht-menschlicher Arten
existieren, und ihren potentiellen Nutzen zu erforschen.
36
JING-ZHE, HUANG, and 黃敬哲. "Assemble Power Pxtension Switch Management Device." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/amee44.
Full textAbstract:
碩士亞東技術學院
資訊與通訊工程研究所
105
Modern electrical frequently using let human life one years than one years more better convenience, like extension this can pair more of things is we computer user are a big Gospel, but frequently of using is also caused potential of crisis produced out, as general family will appeared of case, modern electrical dosage of big in General homes in of socket certainly is enough with, and electrical has points 110V with 220V two species, introduction this socket also will separate this two species, and 110V is Taiwan most electrical using of voltage, So extension using frequently is a granted of things, but this is is a dangerous of beginning, in summer Shi, news magazine occasionally will reported occurred electricity volume moments had big led to extended line load can't then caused fire burning accident, even market Shang has has automatically power of extension, but people always has inert, time long has who also cannot guarantee these function whether like new buy Shi as security, this is now climate this exception of Taiwan by produced of potential crisis. This topics to home security consider, combined currently modern of intelligent type phone again to 3 c technology towards real networking development of direction, making out a extension, can using phone monitoring now all electrical consumption of total electric flow, stable Shi didn't problem, in out accident Shi like is moments current suddenly increases may produced fire of dangerous Shi extension inside of Arduino board will return exception of message to user, let user can advance prevention crisis of occurred. Through the methods of a control current after extension cords, and smart mobile devices, can effectively reduce the line overload leading to misfires happen in over load be passing messages prior warning before, avoiding the occurrence of disasters.
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Yeh, Yao-Jen, and 葉耀仁. "Research and Development of Tag Locking Assemble Machine." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zb8h54.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
101
The tag locking assemble machine designed in this research includes: an external structure, a drive mechanism, and the feed mechanism. The main function of tag locking assemble machine is used a loop pin which have snap fastener device assemble tag and be tagged items. The characteristic of this machine are faster, more stable, and lower-cost. To compare with assemble by people or uses hand tool, this new machine is more difficult to produce the feeling of tired under the long-time work. Users only need to put the be tagged item on work platform, and start the switch, then the machine will finish the assemblage of tag locking. It will significantly improve many practical benefits such as operating efficiency, comfort and convenience. This research collected all patents of tag locking assemblage, and analyzed their merits and defects for design reference of the new machine. The new machine was designed according to the design requirements. 3D model was constructed by using 3D CAD software. Motion simulations and interference check were done, together with the stress analysis by CAE software to ensure the strength. Finally, a prototype was built and tested. New patent was filed for the results of this research.
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CHEN, CHIH-YUAN, and 陳智遠. "An Economic Analysis on Assemble to Order Production." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45522525967600767183.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
工業管理系所
95
With the trend towards specialization in outsourcing and the division of labor, the use of outsourced capacity is now considered a method for regulating production capacity. It also plays an indispensable part in businesses decision-making process for return on investments. In capacity outsourcing planning, assemble-to-order production has tended to be treated as an individual topic of research. Usually the outsourcing and manufacturing policy is assessed before the associated supplier and purchasing problems are resolved. This meant that an overall examination of the topic has been lacking. This study therefore approached from a capacity planning perspective, issues such as internal manufacturing capacity conditions, outsourcing capacity constraints and economies of scale. Linear Mixed-Integer Planning (LMIP) was then used as the basis of the framework to pursue the minimization of cost. Due to the fuzzy decision-making environment that exists in practice, this study went on to construct a fuzzy goal programming model that uses as its three major goals the total cost, cost of investment in new capacity and cost from loss in quality. Using a fuzzy planning and decision method, we defined the membership functions that correspond to each fuzzy goal then simultaneously solved the interdependent fuzzy goal problem. The model’s feasibility were then verified and tested including the different fuzzy goal combinations and the sensitivity analysis of the relevant decision-making parameters. This provided a meaningful improvement to the model’s calculation efficiency and management logic that can be used as a reference in assemble-to-order production operations.
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Liu, P. C., and 劉本強. "Study and compare the methods for preparing membraneelectrode assemble used in PEMFCs.Study and compare the methods for preparing membraneelectrode assemble used in PEMFCs.Study and compare the methods for preparing membraneelectrode assemble used in." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19315295411506188781.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
化學工程與材料工程學系
97
The objective of this study is to investigate the efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) by comparing the techniques of inkjet printing, spraying and coating in preparing electrodes. Fixed composition of catalyst inks, we first examined the causes of hot pressing conditions, temperature of cathode humidifier and Pt loadings that affect the performance of PEMFC with the electrodes prepared with inkjet printing. The discharge of fuel cell was studied by adding hydrophilic SiO2 particles in anode catalyst layer and hydrophobic PTFE particles in cathode. With the comparison of maximum power density in fuel cells, we then discuss the optimum composition of catalyst layers in PEMFC. When the composition of anode and cathode was fixed at Pt/C: Nafion = 0.8:0.2 and Pt loading as 0.1 mg cm-2, using inkjet printing method the optimum hot pressing time, pressure and temperature were 2 min, 10 kg cm-2 and 160℃, respectively. The maximum power density of the fuel cell was of 53.0 mW cm-2. After increased cell temperature to 60℃, the maximum power densities of the fuel cell increased to 54.5 mW cm-2, while the temperature of cathode humidifier remained the same with the temperature in fuel cell. In addition, the study found that power density of fuel cell increases as Pt loading increases. However, the maximum specific power of 664.5 mW mg-1 Pt was found when Pt loading being 0.2 mg cm-2. Using spraying method, the optimum fuel cell efficiency with a maximum power density of 239.5 mW cm-2 was found when Pt loading of MEA was at 0.2 mg cm-2 and catalyst layers contained only Pt/C and Nafion. This optimum level of fuel cell performance was identified when Nafion was 35 wt.%. The maximum power density of fuel cell was 270.5 mW cm-2 with additional 10 wt.% of hydrophilic SiO2 in the anode catalyst layer. Moreover, the optimum composition of cathode was obtained based on the method of mixture design, in which the maximum power density was shown at 266.5 mW cm-2, giving the condition of Pt/C: Nafion: PTFE = 0.68:0.29:0.03. Finally, with the same composition of catalyst layers and Pt loading, spraying method shows the greatest fuel cell efficiency in the comparison of MEA prepared by inkjet print, spraying and coating methods.
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"Intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling reactions within nano space." Tulane University, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
archives@tulane.eduEnzymes are most powerful catalysts in Nature. Despite decades of research, there are still many open questions surrounding the mechanisms by which enzymes catalyze reactions. Supramolecular chemists have made lots of effort to designing a variety of host molecules to mimic enzymes over the last decade. They aim to understand the power of noncovalent forces and how local environment can be involved in enzymes’ catalytic functions. In our studies, two synthetic water-soluble deep cavity cavitands with different electrostatic potential (EP) that can provide well-defined nano-spaces and can be encapsulated with guests through hydrophobic effect were utilized to investigative the inner guests’ pKa shifts and reactions. First, pKa shifts of thiol guests in deep cavity cavitands have been examined. Here we utilize supramolecular capsules assembled via the hydrophobic effect to encapsulate guests and control their acidity. We found that the greatest impact on the acidity of the bound guests is the position of the acid group in the yotoliter space. Moreover, the nature of the electrostatic potential field (EPF) generated by charged solubilizing groups also plays an important role in acidity, as does the counter ion complexing to the outer surface of the capsule. In summary, these results suggest an electrostatic potential field (EPF) engendered by remote solubilizing groups can affect reactions inside of confined spaces. Second, macrocyclization reactions were investigated in two different electrostatic potential (EP) nano capsules. Here, we quantify these effects through acidity and cyclization rate by the size of the encapsulated guests, which confirmed primary role of Coulombic forces with a simple mathematical model approximating the capsules as Born spheres within a continuum dielectric. These results reveal the reaction rate accelerations possible under Coulombic control and highlight important design criteria for nanoreactors.
1
Xiaoyang Cai
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Ho, Yi-Chieh, and 何怡潔. "Optimum Inventory Policy on Batch Process and Assemble System." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48192361801896609442.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
工業工程與管理學系
96
In recent years, the impact of globalization and technical merchandises change very fast, therefore modular becomes the best method to produce. Modular means combined two modules which are Make To Stock and Make To Order, but it is complex and is limited by resources that will cause inventory management to become more and more complicated. In the two phases of the inventory system which is consists of material on first stage and products on second stage, the quantity of inventory have dependent relationship. In other words, the manufacturing of products at the second stage needs the inventoried materials at the first stage. After that, we will consider batch to order and batch order, because first one will affect inventory to be decreased and other one will increase inventory a lot. The quantity of inventory will be dramatic influence. Accordinging to quantity of order strategy(EOQ、multiple、Power-of-Two Policy)and two decision strategies (sequential strategy and coordinated strategy) are discussed when searching for the best inventory policy based on the minimum total cost of the two-echelon inventory system. Finally we can see that coordinated strategy improves total cost of inventory system in different conditions and get amount of cost between minimum the two stages.
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Chang, Che-Chin, and 張哲欽. "Study of high density lead frame design assemble package." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sw6bev.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
機械與機電工程學系研究所
96
Majority of traditional assembly packaging are applied in consumer electronics and communication products. Electrical signals are transmitted through gold wire connecting IC and inner leadframe. The assembled product is then mounted to PCB board via outer lead. However, products with complicated functions require new development on advanced IC packaging solution that makes low market demand for traditional process. Therefore, assembly package cost reduction is the first target to keep the advantages of the products and make it profitable. In this thesis, the feasibility on leadframe design from small matrix (2 row) to large matrix was analyzed making high volume throughput by increasing the totally unit quantity in one strip leadframe. With the introduction of the new strip outline dimensions, the staging time increases at wire bonder machine resulting to copper layer delamination. Appropriate control on the preheat temperature resolved the copper layer delamination issue. Assembly package for large leadframe design was then proposed and the capacity of machine was surveyed. The benefit of product cost saving and the increase on assembly yield for the enlarged leadframe are evaluated accordingly.
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Costa, Ricardo Canudas Costa Vieira da. "Repensar a intervenção urbana; o compromisso comunitário; Assemble Studio." Dissertação, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/105837.
Full textAbstract:
É propósito desta dissertação uma reflexão sobre o trabalhocolaborativo e multidisciplinar desenvolvido pelos Assemble Studio,nomeadamente a sua abordagem à construção e reapropriação dodomínio público. Estudar-se-á o desenvolvimento gradual de umametodologia de trabalho própria, a partir da análise tanto de umaseleção dos seus edificios/dispositivos arquitetónicos - Folly fora flyover (2011), Make, dont make do (2012-13), Central Parade(2012), Granby four streets (2012-em curso) - como do seu discursodireto - documentos escrito, entrevistas e conferências dadas pelosseus membros.The purpose of this thesis is to reflect on the collaborative andmultidisciplanry work of Assemble Studio, namely their approach tothe construction and reclaiming of the public realm. The study willbe primarily aimed at understanding the piecemeal developmentof a specific work ethos, through the analysis of both a selectionof their buildings/architectural devices - Folly for a flyover (2011),Make, dont make do (2012-13), Central Parade (2012) and Granbyfour streets (2012-on-going) - and first-hand sources - writtendocuments, interviews and conferences given by their members.
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張傳忠. "Study of crack and delaminating in IC assemble process." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10008675281740260686.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
電機工程學系
96
This paper analyzes the humidity caused crack and delaminating in IC assembly process. By using failure analysis process and equipment, the reasons causing crack and delaminating can be detected. The possible reasons could be the plastic absorbing water, the plastic stress, the molding method, the IC size, and the temperature while IC passes reflow oven. If the moisture is too high in the assembly process in the clean room, the moisture will exist inside IC. When the moisture is put into the PCB assembly process and the IC is heated to about 230~260℃, the moisture IC will be induced stress, causing delaminating between plastic or delaminating between plastic and chipset. Furthermore, if the moisture exists inside IC and the coefficient of thermal expansions (CTE) is different, the crack will also occur if the stress is bigger than the cohesion.
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Costa, Ricardo Canudas Costa Vieira da. "Repensar a intervenção urbana; o compromisso comunitário; Assemble Studio." Master's thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/105837.
Full textAbstract:
É propósito desta dissertação uma reflexão sobre o trabalhocolaborativo e multidisciplinar desenvolvido pelos Assemble Studio,nomeadamente a sua abordagem à construção e reapropriação dodomínio público. Estudar-se-á o desenvolvimento gradual de umametodologia de trabalho própria, a partir da análise tanto de umaseleção dos seus edificios/dispositivos arquitetónicos - Folly fora flyover (2011), Make, dont make do (2012-13), Central Parade(2012), Granby four streets (2012-em curso) - como do seu discursodireto - documentos escrito, entrevistas e conferências dadas pelosseus membros.The purpose of this thesis is to reflect on the collaborative andmultidisciplanry work of Assemble Studio, namely their approach tothe construction and reclaiming of the public realm. The study willbe primarily aimed at understanding the piecemeal developmentof a specific work ethos, through the analysis of both a selectionof their buildings/architectural devices - Folly for a flyover (2011),Make, dont make do (2012-13), Central Parade (2012) and Granbyfour streets (2012-on-going) - and first-hand sources - writtendocuments, interviews and conferences given by their members.
46
Wang, Shih-Chung, and 王世忠. "Studies on the cycloiptycene synthes is and self-assemble behavior." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88430812764230510986.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
化學研究所
94
In this thesis, we take advantage of compound 1 to design organic nanotube. We would like to use the intermolecular hydrogen bonding to treat molecular self-assembled. Target compounds were prepared based on the Deils-Alder reaction. We have designed four kinds of strategy for synthesizing compound 4a. Method Ⅰis more difficult purification and easily produces isomers. Method Ⅱ must be in hard condition. So we use method Ⅲ and Ⅳ to synthesize compound 4a. We synthesize the compound 22a successfully in method Ⅲ. But we don’t get compound 23a by compound 22a reacting with n-butyl lithium and furan. We synthesize the compound 29a successfully in method Ⅳ. But we don’t get compound 4a by compound 29a reacting with perchloric acid, toluene and ethanol.
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蔡佩砡. "Orientation Control in Self-Assemble Perovskite-Spinel Hetero-eptaxial Nanostructures." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69964653464852867001.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
材料科學與工程學系
99
In this study, advanced control of crystallographic orientations and magnetic properties of self-assembled nanostructures via rational selections of substrates are demonstrated. We show that in the perovskite-spinel BiFeO3-CoFe2O4 model system the crystal orientation of self-assembled CoFe2O4 nanopillars can be tuned among (001), (011), and (111) while that of BiFeO3 matrix is fixed in (001). Moreover, the resultant CoFe2O4 nanopillars appear in various shapes: pyramid, roof, and triangular platform respectively. The tunable nanostructures through this approach enable the control over material functionality such as the magnetic anisotropy of CoFe2O4. This study opens a new pathway for engineering of self-assembled hetero-epitaxial nanostructures.
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Huang, Chien Sheng, and 黃建盛. "Design and Assemble of Bio-Mimetic Structure and Flow Analysis." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30363440255217977467.
Full textAbstract:
碩士明志科技大學
機電工程研究所
100
In this study, a novel bio-mimetic structure with cam producing variant rotation motion of foil is designed and assembled. Visualization and measurement of averaged velocity of air flow in duct driven by oscillating foil have been made. Most of the researches are using plane four-bar linkage to generate foil motion with harmonic function. However, the novel bio-mimetic structure is able to generate a non-harmonic motion for the foil. A cam profile is produced with specification of a certain rotation variation ration. The parameters in the experimental include oscillation frequency, rotation variation ratio, and flexural stiffness. Experimental results show that the average velocity is increased as oscillating frequency increases. Rotation variance ration and flexural stiffness of foil increases the foil efficiency. In addition, Combination of appropriate angular velocity profile and flexural stiffness can enhance foil efficiency by 80%. Keyword：bio-mimetic structure, cam, rotation variation ratio, foil, Reynolds number, Strouhal number
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Huang, Hong-Yi, and 黃弘宜. "Application of Self-assemble Amphiphilic Polymer Nanoparticles as Delivery Carriers." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28119541376417115862.
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博士國立臺灣大學
醫學工程學研究所
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Non-viral gene carriers composed of biodegradable polymers or lipids have been considered as a safer alternative for gene carriers over viral vectors. Among some of the cationic polymers, polyethyleneimine (PEI) possess high pH-buffering capacity that can provide protection to nucleotides from acidic degradation, and promotes endosomal and lysosomal release. However, it has been reported that cytotoxicity of PEI depends on the molecular weight of the polymer such that high molecular weight (>25kDa) of PEI can elevate the transfection efficiency. Hence modifications of PEI structure for clinical application have been developed in order to reduce the cytotoxicity, and improve the insufficient transfection efficiency of lower molecular weight PEI. Cationic amphiphilic copolymer consisted of stearyl side chains on polyethyleneimine (PEI) main chain (PEI-SA) was developed previously and demonstrated with the concept of co-delivering siRNA and anti-tumor drug doxorubicin. However, the drug release profile was limited and remained to be an issue to be overcome. In the present study, hybrid PEI in different weight ratios of 10k: 1.8k was proposed to alter this structural formulation by incorporating with low molecular weight PEI. The design was able to maintain the functionalities as gene and drug carrier with efficient binding capability, enhanced drug release rate, also optimized between cellular uptake and low cellular cytotoxicity. Other functionality was also attempted to integrate into the PEI-SA nanoparticles by encapsulation with the SPIOs to formulate as contrast agents for in vivo imaging application. BALB/c mice was injected with PEG conjugated PEI-SA/SPIO nanoparticles to demonstrate the extended half-life in blood plasma, and effective contrast agents comparable to the commercial available contrast agents Resovist. A new type of polymeric polysaccharide nanoparticles was also proposed and developed. Tremella polysaccharides have been commonly used as herbal medicine, vaccine adjuvant, or orally fed for anti-tumor or anti inflammatory studies. To date, none of them has been formulated as nanoparticles and applied for biological studies. The fruit body of Tremella fuciformis was extracted and cationic modified, followed by oil-in-water solvent evaporation method to formulate into nanoparticles. The physical characteristics of these nanoparticles were then confirmed by dynamic light scattering, AFM, TEM and FTIR with size of 107.1±2.5 nm and zeta potential of 70.6±3.3mV. The tremella nanoparticles were found with enhanced cellular uptake and relatively low cytotoxicity. Gene binding capacity was also investigated to ensure the functionality as potential gene carriers. The anti-inflammatory capability was demonstrated by measuring the nitric oxide produced from LPS-activated macrophages. The use of nano-sized tremella polysaccharide nanoparticles can posses opportunities as delivery carriers for gene and contrast agent by incorporating hydrophobic SPIO to target macrophage-rich tissue at chronic inflammation site.
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"Zethrene and hexabenzoperylenes: synthesis, self-assemble & field effect transistors." 2015. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1292128.
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