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Gingerich, Andrea, and Peter Yeates. "The mental workload of conducting research in assessor cognition." Perspectives on Medical Education 8, no. 6 (November 19, 2019): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40037-019-00549-0.
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Gingerich, Andrea, Jennifer Kogan, Peter Yeates, Marjan Govaerts, and Eric Holmboe. "Seeing the ‘black box’ differently: assessor cognition from three research perspectives." Medical Education 48, no. 11 (October 12, 2014): 1055–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/medu.12546.
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Joshi, Paras, and Dinesh Sorani. "Effects of Balance and Cognition Exercises on Fear of Fall in Stroke Patients: Assessor Blinded Randomized Trial." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20211101.
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Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Stroke patients are more likely to fall and injuries due to various factors like balance, cognition, previous falls, disability etc. It has been observed that in early routine rehabilitation cognition training and balance training is not given. Being important risk factors if it can be modified in early rehabilitation, number of falls might reduce among stroke survivors. So the aim of the study was to check the effects of balance and cognition training on fear of fall among stroke survivors. Method: Patients were divided into A. Conventional physiotherapy B. Conventional physiotherapy and balance and cognition training groups. All the patients were assessed on berg balance scale, mini mental scale and fear efficacy scale pre and post treatment. Result: Group A (BBS Z=-3.539,P<0.05, MMS Pre Z=-3.256, P<0.05, FES1 Pre Z=-3.546, P<0.05) Group B (BBS Z=-3.540, P<0.05, MMS Z=-3.536, P<0.05, FES1 Z=-3.520, P<0.05). Group A and B comparison (BBS Z=-3.424, P<0.05, MMS Z=-2.135, P<0.05, FES1 Z=-2.632, P<0.05). Conclusion: Adding balance and cognition training in early rehabilitation is more useful in reducing fear of fall among stroke survivors. Key words: Stroke, falls, cognition, balance.
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Górska-Poręcka, Bożena. "THE ROLE OF TEACHER KNOWLEDGE IN ESP COURSE DESIGN." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 34, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2013-0021.
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Abstract English for specific purposes (ESP) has been conceptualized by its leading scholars, like Hutchinson and Waters (1987) or Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998), as a multi-stage process, where the ESP practitioner fulfils a variety of roles, including that of learner needs researcher, course designer, language instructor, learning assessor, and course evaluator. The performance of these roles requires considerable knowledge of a linguistic, socio-cultural and pedagogical nature, necessary to inform the teacher’s cognitive processes, par- ticularly those involved in course decision making. The necessary professional knowledge of the ESP teacher, which is gained through professional school- ing, teacher training, and teaching experience, comprises both relevant theo- retical concepts (knowing what) and performance skills (knowing how). It di- rectly impacts on all stages of the ESP process, namely the planning, design, teaching, assessment and evaluation of a course, largely determining its quality. The present paper focuses on ESP teacher cognition, especially those cognitions (i.e. knowledge and beliefs) that are involved in course design, informing the teacher’s choices of course parameters and instructional practices. Elaborating on the concepts developed by language cognition scholars, like Shulman (1987), Andrews (e.g. 2007), and Borg (e.g. 2006), the author tries to outline the in- ternal structure of ESP teacher cognition and describe the function of each subordinate knowledge base. The paper also presents the preliminary results of a small-scale exploratory study into the professional cognition of 13 teachers of Legal and Business English employed at the University of Warsaw.
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Pilutti, Lara A., Thomas Edwards, Robert W. Motl, and Emerson Sebastião. "Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Exercise in People with Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 21, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2018-048.
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Abstract Background: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling is an advanced rehabilitation modality that involves systematic mild electrical stimulation of focal muscle groups to produce leg cycling movement against an adjustable work rate. The present study reports on the efficacy of an assessor-blinded, pilot randomized controlled trial of supervised FES cycling exercise in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) on secondary trial outcomes, including cognition, fatigue, pain, and health-related quality of life. Methods: Eleven adult participants with MS were randomized to receive FES cycling exercise (n = 6) or passive leg cycling (n = 5) for 24 weeks. Cognitive processing speed was assessed using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Symptoms of fatigue and pain were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, and the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Physical and psychological health-related quality of life were assessed using the 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale. Results: Eight participants (four, FES; four, passive leg cycling) completed the intervention and outcome assessments. The FES cycling exercise resulted in moderate-to-large improvements in cognitive processing speed (d = 0.53), fatigue severity (d = −0.92), fatigue impact (d = −0.45 to −0.68), and pain symptoms (d = −0.67). The effect of the intervention on cognitive performance resulted in a clinically meaningful change, based on established criteria. Conclusions: We provide preliminary evidence for the benefits of FES cycling exercise on cognition and symptoms of fatigue and pain. Appropriately powered randomized controlled trials of FES cycling exercise are necessary to determine its efficacy for people with MS.
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Torre, Dario, Steven J. Durning, Joseph Rencic, Valerie Lang, Eric Holmboe, and Michelle Daniel. "Widening the lens on teaching and assessing clinical reasoning: from “in the head” to “out in the world”." Diagnosis 7, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dx-2019-0098.
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AbstractTraditional teaching and assessment of clinical reasoning has focused on the individual clinician because of the preeminence of the information processing (IP) theory perspective. The clinician’s mind has been viewed as the main source of effective or ineffective reasoning, and other participants, the environment and their interactions have been largely ignored. A social cognitive theoretical lens could enhance our understanding of how reasoning and error and the environment are linked. Therefore, a new approach in which the clinical reasoning process is situated and examined within the context may be required. The theories of embodied cognition, ecological psychology, situated cognition (SitCog) and distributed cognition (DCog) offer new insights to help the teacher and assessor enhance the quality of clinical reasoning instruction and assessment. We describe the teaching and assessment implications of clinical reasoning and error through the lens of this family of theories. Direct observation in different contexts focused on individual and team performance, simulation (with or without enhancement of technology), stimulated recall, think-aloud, and modeling are examples of teaching and assessment strategies grounded in this family of social cognitive theories. Educators may consider the instructional design of learning environments and educational tools that promote a situated educational approach to the teaching and assessment of clinical reasoning.
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Lee, Victor, Keira Brain, and Jenepher Martin. "From opening the ‘black box’ to looking behind the curtain: cognition and context in assessor-based judgements." Advances in Health Sciences Education 24, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10459-018-9851-0.
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Meluken, I., N. M. Ottesen, C. J. Harmer, T. Scheike, L. V. Kessing, M. Vinberg, and K. W. Miskowiak. "Is aberrant affective cognition an endophenotype for affective disorders? – A monozygotic twin study." Psychological Medicine 49, no. 6 (July 2, 2018): 987–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718001642.
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AbstractBackgroundIdentification of endophenotypes can improve prevention, detection and development of new treatments. We therefore investigated whether aberrant affective cognition constitutes an endophenotype for affective disorders by being present in monozygotic (MZ) twins with unipolar or bipolar disorder in partial remission (i.e. affected) and their unaffected co-twins (i.e. high-risk) relative to twins with no family history of affective disorder (i.e. low-risk).MethodsWe conducted an assessor blind cross-sectional study from 2014 to 2017 of MZ twins using Danish population-based registers in recruitment. Twins attended one test session involving neurocognitive testing, clinical ratings and questionnaires. Main outcomes were attention to and recognition of emotional facial expressions, the memory of emotional self-referential words, emotion regulation and coping strategies.ResultsParticipants were 103 affected, 44 high-risk and 36 low-risk MZ twins. Groups were demographically well-balanced and showed comparable non-affective cognitive performance. We observed no aberrant affective cognition in affected and high-risk relative to low-risk twins. However, high-risk twins displayed attentional avoidance of emotional faces (ps ⩽ 0.009) and more use of task-oriented coping strategies (p = 0.01) compared with affected twins. In contrast did affected twins show more emotion-oriented coping than high- and low-risk twins (ps ⩽ 0.004).ConclusionsOur findings provide no support of aberrant affective cognition as an endophenotype for affective disorders. High-risk twins’ attentional avoidance of emotional faces and greater use of task-oriented coping strategies may reflect compensatory mechanisms.
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Lenne, Bruno, Béatrice Degraeve, Jessy Davroux, Laurène Norberciak, Arnaud Kwiatkowski, and Cécile Donze. "Improving cognition in people with multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a multiarm, randomised, blinded trial of multidomain cognitive rehabilitation using a video-serious game (E-SEP cognition)." BMJ Neurology Open 5, no. 2 (November 2023): e000488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjno-2023-000488.
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IntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent neurological disease characterised by disseminated areas of demyelination and atrophy within the central nervous system, inducing cognitive disorders in 45%–65% of persons with MS (PwMS). Neuropsychology and neuroimaging studies provide evidence of the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation interventions, including memory and attention. Recently, serious game therapy (SGT) has been used in rehabilitation to improve cognitive processing speed. The aim of this study is to describe the protocol of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to test the efficacy of a tablet-based cognitive home intervention among ambulatory PwMS, in comparison to a standardised neuropsychological rehabilitation.Methods and analysisThis will be a parallel-assignment, double-blinded, RCT. One hundred and fifty (75 per arm) PwMS will be randomly assigned to receive cognitive rehabilitation session over 4 months (four 20-min sessions/week) of either: (1) tablet-based SGT or (2) conventional cognitive exercises. The same assessor will evaluate outcome measures at three points: at baseline (T0), after the 16 therapy sessions weeks (T1), and 6 months after the end of treatment (T2). The primary outcomes were the scores from theBrief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis(BICAMS). Data analysis will be performed to compare the efficacy of the two treatments. We expect superior efficiency of tablet-based SGT in contrast to conventional cognitive exercises, based on BICAMS measures of speed processing information and episodic memory.Ethics and disseminationThe trial protocol is registered on ClinicalTrials.Gov (NCT04694534) and benefits from a favourable opinion from an ethics committee (RC-P0066-2018-A00411-54).
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Labunskaya, V. A., and E. V. Kapitanova. "Self-Assessment and Appearance Evaluation in Student Group as Predictors in Relationships of Interpersonal Significance." Social Psychology and Society 7, no. 1 (2016): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2016070106.
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The paper attempts to integrate the concept of relationships of interpersonal significance, approaches to the correlation between physical appearance and life satisfaction, as well as several concepts of interpersonal cognition, self-assessment and evaluations of other people’s physical appearance. It introduces the concept of “insignificant/significant assessor of appearance” and argues that among the factors that turn a group member into the “insignificant/significant assessor of appearance” are evaluations, self-evaluations and group evaluations of physical appearance. The research described in the paper involved 89 students aged 19—21 (M=20 years), 66 females and 23 males, members of five groups that have been studying together for three years. The methods employed in the study included: “The Evaluation/Content Interpretation of Appearance and its Correspondence with Gender/Age Constructs”, a technique developed by V.A. Labunskaya; a modification of a sociometric test that helped reveal “insignificant/significant assessors of appearance”. Also, nonparametric mathematical methods were used to carry out comparative analysis. The outcomes show that there are considerable differences between the self-assessments, evaluations of physical appearance of those group members who are “significant assessors of appearance”, and group evaluations of their appearance. The research was conducted with the assistance of the Southern Federal University (project № 213.01-07-2014/15ПЧВГ “Threats to National Security in Situations of Geopolitical Competition and Models of Aggressive and Hostile Behavior in Children and Youth in Southern Russia” – project part of the inner grant of the Southern Federal University).
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Managoli, Madhura V., Jaime Garcia, Morgan Johnson, McKenzie C. Kauss, Yeonju Kim, Hope Miller, Maeve Pascoe, et al. "Abstract B042: A survey of Neuro-Oncology (NOB) clinical providers to assess the feasibility and utility of the administration of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) cognition duo app in an outpatient clinic." Cancer Research 84, no. 5_Supplement_1 (March 4, 2024): B042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.brain23-b042.
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Abstract Introduction: Primary brain tumor (PBT) patients experience significant cognitive decline, and early symptom detection helps clinical providers identify and manage impairments as part of routine care. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief screening tool consisting of standardized assessments of eight key cognitive domains. Our group previously reported the feasibility of use in telehealth and clinical care, and here we explore the feasibility and utility of a newly developed App (MoCA Duo APP) for routine patient care through provider and assessor feedback. Methods: The MoCA assessment was used for 178 examinations using the MoCA Cognition Duo APP by trained MoCA assessors, with results shared with NOB healthcare providers prior to patient visits. After five months, ten providers (Physicians = 5, Nurse Practitioners = 5) were sent a 12-item survey through SurveyMonkey that assessed the general use of the MoCA Duo APP in patient care with the utility of use reported here. Results: All ten providers completed the survey, with half reporting using the MoCA before working in the NOB clinic. Most providers (n=9) reported discussing the patient's MoCA results with their clinical teams and with patients before/after clinic visits. Seven providers endorsed being able to use the MoCA duo APP results to accurately assess cognition at all visits, with three indicating patient-specific limitations, including patient anxiety about testing, deficits impacting test completion and results (i.e., hearing, or motor deficits), and language barriers for those with English as a second language affecting utility in some cases. When asked for limitations of use over their usual exam, 3 noted using the MoCA Duo APP assessment aligned with their current exam/clinical impression, 3 reported the MoCA assessment identified a previous deficit they were aware, and 2 noted the discovery of new deficits with the MoCA Duo APP use. Qualitative descriptions included describing (‘the MoCA as the best screening tool’ and ‘deficits found on the MoCA were not found on the exam’) showed its use as a framework for further diagnostic investigations. Qualitative comments also identified relevance to clinical care and endorsement of the importance of cognitive assessment by patients and caregivers. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the utility of the MoCA Duo APP in PBT patients by a diverse group of healthcare providers and assessors. Implementing the MoCA Duo APP allowed providers to evaluate patients' cognitive status and confirm known deficits promptly. As reported elsewhere, the median time for completion was 10 minutes, and automatic scoring reduced post-assessment time, allowing for immediate provider use. Further research is needed to evaluate environmental impacts and deficit adaptation, use in determining interventions, and impact on health outcomes. Citation Format: Madhura V. Managoli, Jaime Garcia, Morgan Johnson, McKenzie C. Kauss, Yeonju Kim, Hope Miller, Maeve Pascoe, Elizabeth Vera, Alex R. Wollet, Vivian A. Guedes, Mark R. Gilbert, Terri S. Armstrong, Alvina Acquaye-Mallory. A survey of Neuro-Oncology (NOB) clinical providers to assess the feasibility and utility of the administration of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) cognition duo app in an outpatient clinic [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Brain Cancer; 2023 Oct 19-22; Minneapolis, Minnesota. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(5 Suppl_1):Abstract nr B042.
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Nazary Soltan Ahmad, Sahar, Seyed Sadredin Shojaedin, and Mehdi Khaleghi Tazji. "Comparative effects of dual-task training versus combined exercise training in water and on land on patients with multiple sclerosis: a study protocol of a randomised factorial trial." BMJ Open 15, no. 1 (January 2025): e086941. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086941.
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IntroductionPeople with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience cognitive and motor impairments, including cognitive training and exercise training. This study compares dual task and combined exercise training in water and on land. Water-based training may enhance cognitive and motor function more effectively than land-based training, presenting a promising intervention for PwMS. We explore dual-task training (DTT), including cognitive and motor exercise, with combined exercise in water and on land on the cognition, balance and gait PwMS.Methods and analysisThis is a double-blind 3*2*2 factorial randomised trial. Participants will be randomly allocated to one of six groups: four intervention groups and two control groups. All patients will receive supervised 12-week training sessions, two times per week, and will be assessed by a blinded outcome assessor before and at the end of the 12-week programme. The primary outcome includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. The secondary outcomes involve the California Verbal Learning Test-II, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test—Revised, kinetics and kinematics throughout the balance and gait cycle. All the data will be analysed by a blinded data analyst.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Sports Science Research Institute (No. IR.SSRC.REC.1401.082). The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in journals and distributed to PwMS and physiotherapists.Trial registration numberThe trial is prospectively registered on 22 March 2024, athttps://www.umin.ac.jp/with an identification number (UMIN000053947).
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Chan, T. M., S. Li, A. Acai, and J. Sherbino. "P093: Performing the balancing act: emergency medicine physicians’ multifaceted roles and their influence on trainee assessment." CJEM 20, S1 (May 2018): S89—S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.291.
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Introduction: Competency-based workplace assessments are important in clinical training. However, feedback and assessment are still often perceived as unsatisfactory, particularly in busy settings such as emergency departments. Currently, little is known about how attending staff physicians sense of self may interface with the processes they use to assess and give feedback to trainees. We aimed to understand how attendings perceive their roles when tasked with conducting assessments and providing feedback to trainees. Methods: We conducted semi-structured, individual interviews with attendings (n=16) who used McMAP (McMaster Modular Assessment Program), a workplace-based assessment system at McMaster Universitys Royal College Emergency Medicine program. Attendings were recruited using snowball sampling. Data were interpreted using thematic analysis, sensitized to the dramaturgical lens and rater cognition frameworks. Results: Attendings identified themselves using three distinct but intimately connected roles when assessing trainee performance: the doctor that ensures the safety and well-being of patients; the coach (educator) that empowers, guides, and supports the next generation of medical doctors; and the assessor that formally assesses a trainees progression through the residency program. These roles are influenced by clinical training and experience, teaching experience and context. Conclusion: The ways in which attendings assess and provide feedback to trainees involve a complex and dynamic process that is influenced by their perceived roles as a doctor, coach, and assessor. Understanding the way attendings view and juggle their roles may provide insight into potentially new approaches to assessment and feedback. Results and implications will be discussed.
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Zhong, Xiaoyong, Xinghui Yan, Hui Liang, Rui Xia, Bin Chen, and Hong-Jia Zhao. "Evaluation of eight-style Tai chi on cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairment of cerebral small vessel disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e042177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042177.
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IntroductionCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a critical factor that causes cognitive decline and progresses to vascular dementia and acute cerebrovascular events. Tai chi has been proven to improve nerve plasticity formation and directly improve cognitive function compared with other sports therapy, which has shown its unique advantages. However, more medical evidence needs to be collected in order to verify that Tai chi exercises can improve cognitive impairment due to CSVD. The main purposes of this study are to investigate the effect of Tai chi exercise on neuropsychological outcomes of patients with cognitive impairment related to CSVD and to explore its mechanism of action with neuroimaging, including functional MRI (fMRI) and event-related potential (P300).Methods and analysisThe design of this study is a randomised controlled trial with two parallel groups in a 1:1 allocation ratio with allocation concealment and assessor blinding. A total of 106 participants will be enrolled and randomised to the 24-week Tai chi exercise intervention group and 24-week health education control group. Global cognitive function and the specific domains of cognition (memory, processing speed, executive function, attention and verbal learning and memory) will be assessed at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks after randomisation. At the same time, fMRI and P300 will be measured the structure and function of brain regions related to cognitive function at baseline and 24 weeks after randomisation. Recruitment is currently ongoing (recruitment began on 9 November 2020). The approximate completion date for recruitment is in April 2021, and we anticipate to complete the study by December 2021.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was given by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: 2019-058-04). The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000033176; Pre-results.
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Northwood, Melissa, George Heckman, Nicole Didyk, Sophie Hogeveen, and Amanda Nova. "Standardized Self-Report Tools in Geriatric Medicine Practice: A Quality Improvement Study." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 631–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2403.
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Abstract Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA)—a multidimensional diagnostic process to determine medical, cognitive, and functional capacity—has historically included a narrative history supplemented by use of tools to assess domains such as mood or cognition based on assessor preference. This approach to CGA likely works to assess individuals but with increasing clinical complexity and frailty among older adults, a non-standardized approach may mean that key issues are not assessed, and program quality cannot be determined. The COVID-19 pandemic added to these challenges as social distancing practices meant limited face-to-face appointments and use of phone and video assessments. This quality improvement study implemented the interRAI Check-Up Self-Report instrument through a software platform in a specialized geriatric services practice. The instrument can be used over the phone and summarizes specific health problems and needs as well as information about caregiver status and financial trade-offs. Focus groups were also conducted with specialized geriatric services interprofessional team to explore their experiences with implementation. The descriptive analysis of the self-report data revealed expected geriatric issues, such as cognitive and functional impairment, falls and pain. Clients were also commonly experiencing medical instability, cardiorespiratory symptoms, communication impairments, and elevated risk for emergency department visit. Staff found the self-report tool feasible, easy to use, efficient, and the program-level metrics helpful for program planning. In conclusion, introduction of a standardized self-report enhanced CGA by creating a systematic method to flag, track, and prioritize all areas of need for immediate and future care planning at both the client and program level.
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Damgaard, Viktoria, Johanna Mariegaard, Julie Marie Lindhardsen, Hannelore Ehrenreich, and Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak. "Neuroprotective Effects of Moderate Hypoxia: A Systematic Review." Brain Sciences 13, no. 12 (November 27, 2023): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13121648.
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Emerging evidence highlights moderate hypoxia as a candidate treatment for brain disorders. This systematic review examines findings and the methodological quality of studies investigating hypoxia (10–16% O2) for ≥14 days in humans, as well as the neurobiological mechanisms triggered by hypoxia in animals, and suggests optimal treatment protocols to guide future studies. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020. Searches were performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, in May–September 2023. Two authors independently reviewed the human studies with the following tools: (1) revised Cochrane collaboration’s risk of bias for randomized trials 2.0; (2) the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions. We identified 58 eligible studies (k = 8 human studies with N = 274 individuals; k = 48 animal studies) reporting the effects of hypoxia on cognition, motor function, neuroimaging, neuronal/synaptic morphology, inflammation, oxidative stress, erythropoietin, neurotrophins, and Alzheimer’s disease markers. A total of 75% of human studies indicated cognitive and/or neurological benefits, although all studies were evaluated ashigh risk of bias due to a lack of randomization and assessor blinding. Low-dose intermittent or continuous hypoxia repeated for 30–240 min sessions, preferably in combination with motor-cognitive training, produced beneficial effects, and high-dose hypoxia with longer (≥6 h) durations and chronic exposure produced more adverse effects. Larger and methodologically stronger translational studies are warranted.
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Hong, Chenlu, TakChing Tai, Jianwei Zhou, Changqing Gao, Jianfei Shi, Jinsong Huang, Xuebing Xu, et al. "Effect of home-based and remotely supervised combined exercise and cognitive intervention on older adults with mild cognitive impairment (COGITO): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 14, no. 8 (August 2024): e081122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081122.
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IntroductionMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate phase between normal cognitive ageing and dementia and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide; however, it might be reversible, representing the best opportunity for secondary prevention against serious cognitive impairment. As a non-pharmacological intervention for those patients, interventions that combine physical exercise and cognitive training, whether delivered simultaneously or sequentially, may have superior effects on various cognitive domains, including global cognition, memory, executive function and attention. The supportive evidence remains incomplete. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a combined exercise and cognitive intervention in Chinese older adults with mild cognitive impairment (COGITO), empowered by digital therapy and guided by the Health Action Process Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (HAPA-TPB theory) in a home-based setting.Methods and analysisThis study is a randomised controlled, assessor-blinded multi-centre study. Four parallel groups will include a total of 160 patients, receiving either a combined exercise and cognitive intervention, an isolated exercise intervention, an isolated cognitive intervention or only health education. These interventions will be conducted at least twice a week for 50 min each session, over 3 months. All interventions will be delivered at home and remotely monitored through RehabApp and Mini-programme, along with an arm-worn heart rate telemetry device. Specifically, supervisors will receive participants’ real-time training diaries, heart rates or other online monitoring data and then provide weekly telephone calls and monthly home visits to encourage participants to complete their tasks and address any difficulties based on their training information. Eligible participants are community-dwelling patients with no regular exercise habit and diagnosed with MCI. The primary outcome is cognitive function assessed by the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) and Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D), with baseline and three follow-up assessments. Secondary outcomes include quality of life, physical fitness, sleep quality, intrinsic capacity, frailty, social support, adherence, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University. Research findings will be presented to stakeholders and published in peer-reviewed journals and at provincial, national and international conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300073900.
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Pool, Jonathan Wain, Richard John Siegert, Steven Taylor, Carolyn Dunford, and Wendy Magee. "Evaluating the validity, reliability and clinical utility of the Music therapy Sensory Instrument for Cognition, Consciousness and Awareness (MuSICCA): protocol of a validation study." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e039713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039713.
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IntroductionA growing number of children and young people are surviving severe acquired brain injuries due to advances in healthcare. However, many fail to emerge from coma and continue to live with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Diagnostic, clinical and ethical challenges are prominent in this group. Misdiagnosis can have severe consequences for children and their families, including inadequate care, insufficient access to rehabilitation and stimulation, reduced accessibility to services and inappropriately limited opportunities for participation. The proposed project will develop and validate a diagnostic measure that supports detailed goal-planning—the Music therapy Sensory Instrument for Cognition, Consciousness and Awareness (MuSICCA).Methods and analysisFace validity will be assessed using a short questionnaire and the MuSICCA will be amended if face validity is insufficient. Once face validity is sufficient, 80 participants with suspected DOC will be recruited from multiple sites around the UK, USA and Ireland.Validity will be assessed using external reference standards (Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, Coma Near-Coma Scale and Nociception Coma Scale). Intra-rater reliability will be established using repeated ratings of video recordings from the assessment sessions. Inter-rater reliability will be assessed through video ratings by a second blinded assessor. In addition to these analyses, the clinical utility of the MuSICCA will be evaluated using a questionnaire to be completed by clinicians and relatives of the participants following the completion of the MuSICCA assessment.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained for this study from the Research Ethics Committee and Health Research Authority of the National Health Service of the UK (ID: 167534). Results will be presented at national and international conferences, published in scientific journals and disseminated to participant representatives, clinicians, educators and care providers.Trial registration detailsThis study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System on 7th August 2019 (ID: NCT04050995); Pre-results.
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Borgstedt, Laura, Manfred Blobner, Maximilian Musiol, Sebastian Bratke, Finn Syryca, Gerhard Rammes, Bettina Jungwirth, and Sebastian Schmid. "Neurotoxicity of different amyloid beta subspecies in mice and their interaction with isoflurane anaesthesia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0242989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242989.
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Background The aim of this study was to assess different amyloid beta subspecies’ effects on behaviour and cognition in mice and their interaction with isoflurane anaesthesia. Methods After governmental approval, cannulas were implanted in the lateral cerebral ventricle. After 14 days the mice were randomly intracerebroventricularly injected with Aβ 1–40 (Aβ40), Aβ 1–42 (Aβ42), 3NTyr10-Aβ (Aβ nitro), AβpE3-42 (Aβ pyro), or phosphate buffered saline. Four days after the injection, 30 mice (6 animals per subgroup) underwent general anaesthesia with isoflurane. A “sham” anaesthetic procedure was performed in another 30 mice (6 animals per subgroup, 10 subgroups in total). During the next eight consecutive days a blinded assessor evaluated behavioural and cognitive performance using the modified hole-board test. Following the testing we investigated 2 brains per subgroup for insoluble amyloid deposits using methoxy staining. We used western blotting in 4 brains per subgroup for analysis of tumour-necrosis factor alpha, caspase 3, glutamate receptors NR2B, and mGlu5. Data were analysed using general linear modelling and analysis of variance. Results Aβ pyro improved overall cognitive performance (p = 0.038). This cognitive improvement was reversed by isoflurane anaesthesia (p = 0.007), presumably mediated by decreased exploratory behaviour (p = 0.022 and p = 0.037). Injection of Aβ42 was associated with increased anxiety (p = 0.079). Explorative analysis on a limited number of brains did not reveal insoluble amyloid deposits or differences in the expression of tumour-necrosis factor alpha, NR2B, mGlu5, or caspase 3. Conclusions Testing cognitive performance after intracerebroventricular injection of different amyloid beta subspecies revealed that Aβ pyro might be less harmful, which was reversed by isoflurane anaesthesia. There is minor evidence for Aβ42-mediated neurotoxicity. Preliminary molecular analysis of biomarkers did not clarify pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Wu, Xingqi, Yibing Yan, Panpan Hu, Lu Wang, Yue Wu, Pan Wu, Zhi Geng, et al. "Effects of a periodic intermittent theta burst stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease." General Psychiatry 37, no. 1 (January 2024): e101106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2023-101106.
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BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a novel excitatory rTMS protocol for brain activity stimulation with the ability to induce long-term potentiation-like plasticity and represents a promising treatment for AD. However, the long-term effects of iTBS on cognitive decline and brain structure in patients with AD are unknown.AimsWe aimed to explore whether repeating accelerated iTBS every three months could slow down the cognitive decline in patients with AD.MethodsIn this randomised, assessor-blinded, controlled trial, iTBS was administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of 42 patients with AD for 14 days every 13 weeks. Measurements included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and the grey matter volume (GMV) of the hippocampus. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after follow-up. The longitudinal pipeline of the Computational Anatomy Toolbox for SPM was used to detect significant treatment-related changes over time.ResultsThe iTBS group maintained MoCA scores relative to the control group (t=3.26, p=0.013) and reduced hippocampal atrophy, which was significantly correlated with global degeneration scale changes. The baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, apolipoprotein E genotype and Clinical Dementia Rating were indicative of MoCA scores at follow-up. Moreover, the GMV of the left (t=0.08, p=0.996) and right (t=0.19, p=0.977) hippocampus were maintained in the active group but significantly declined in the control group (left: t=4.13, p<0.001; right: t=5.31, p<0.001). GMV change in the left (r=0.35, p=0.023) and right (r=0.36, p=0.021) hippocampus across the intervention positively correlated with MoCA changes; left hippocampal GMV change was negatively correlated with global degeneration scale (r=−0.32, p=0.041) changes.ConclusionsDLPFC-iTBS may be a feasible and easy-to-implement non-pharmacological intervention to slow down the progressive decline of overall cognition and quality of life in patients with AD, providing a new AD treatment option.Trial registration numberNCT04754152.
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Stockley, Rachel C., Deborah A. O’Connor, Phil Smith, Sylvia Moss, Lizzie Allsop, and Wendy Edge. "A Mixed Methods Small Pilot Study to Describe the Effects of Upper Limb Training Using a Virtual Reality Gaming System in People with Chronic Stroke." Rehabilitation Research and Practice 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9569178.
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Introduction. This small pilot study aimed to examine the feasibility of an upper limb rehabilitation system (the YouGrabber) in a community rehabilitation centre, qualitatively explore participant experiences, and describe changes after using it. Methods and Material. Chronic stroke participants attending a community rehabilitation centre in the UK were randomised to either a YouGrabber or a gym group and completed 18 training sessions over 12 weeks. The motor activity log, box and block, and fatigue severity score were administered by a blinded assessor before and after the intervention. Semistructured interviews were used to ascertain participants’ views about using the YouGrabber. Results. Twelve participants (6 females) with chronic stroke were recruited. All adhered to the intervention. There were no adverse events, dropouts, or withdrawal. There were no significant differences between the YouGrabber and gym groups although there were significant within group improvements on the motor activity log (median change: 0.59, range: 0.2–1.25; p<0.05) within the YouGrabber group. Participants reported that the YouGrabber was motivational but they expressed frustration with technical challenges. Conclusions. The YouGrabber appeared practical and may improve upper limb activities in people several months after stroke. Future work could examine cognition, cost effectiveness, and different training intensities.
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Thaysen-Petersen, Daniel, Sigurd Krogh Hammerum, Anne-Cathrine Vissing, Benjamin Thorup Arnfred, Rolf Nordahl, Ali Adjorlu, Merete Nordentoft, Irene Henriette Oestrich, Signe Wegmann Düring, and Anders Fink-Jensen. "Virtual reality-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy for outpatients with alcohol use disorder (CRAVR): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 13, no. 3 (March 2023): e068658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068658.
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IntroductionAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a brain disorder linked to over 200 health conditions. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is considered the best practice in the treatment of AUD, but more than 60% of patients relapse within the first year after treatment. Psychotherapy combined with virtual reality (VR) has received increasing interest in the treatment of AUD. However, existing studies have primarily investigated the use of VR for cue reactivity. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of VR-assisted CBT (VR-CBT).Methods and analysisThis study is an assessor-blinded, randomised clinical trial being conducted at three outpatient clinics in Denmark. We will randomise 102 patients to 14 individual sessions of either manualised VR-CBT or CBT. The VR-CBT group will receive exposure to immersive high-risk VR situations from a pub, bar/party, restaurant, supermarket and at-home (30 videos) to activate high-risk-related beliefs and cravings for subsequent modification using CBT techniques. The treatment period is 6 months, and follow-up visits will be performed 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after inclusion. The primary outcome measure is the change in total alcohol consumption from baseline to 6 months after inclusion, measured with the Timeline Followback Method. Key secondary outcome measures include changes in the number of heavy drinking days, alcohol cravings, cognition, and symptoms of depression and anxiety.Ethics and disseminationApproval has been obtained by the research ethics committee in the Capital Region of Denmark (H-20082136) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (P-2021-217). All patients will receive both oral and written information about the trial and written informed consent will be obtained from each patient before inclusion. The study results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberClinicalTrial.gov,NCT05042180.
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Rees, Richard, Cristina Simonet, Aneet Gill, Gavin Giovannoni, Jonathan Bestwick, Andrew Lees, Alastair Noyce, and Anette Schrag. "101 Motor and non-motor features of prodromal PD." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 93, no. 9 (August 12, 2022): e2.52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn2.145.
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IntroductionA range of non-motor features can be evident at the point of diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD).ObjectivesTo identify non-motor features of prodromal PD in participants from the PREDICT-PD study.MethodsHigher-risk (HR) (odds of PD >1:30) and matched lower-risk (LR) participants from PREDICT-PD and PD patients underwent validated clinical assessments, in which the assessor was blinded to risk scores, including MDS-UPDRS I-III, other functional motor tasks, and standardised assessments of cognition, autonomic function, pain and sleep.Results28 LR, 31 HR and 22 PD patients were examined. HR participants were more impaired than LR in all motor tasks, as well as the SCOPA-AUT, PD Sleep scale, HADS and MDS-UPDRS I & II. There were no sig- nificant differences between HR and PD, other than for the MDS-UPDRS part II, part III, the gastrointestinal sub-score of the SCOPA-AUT, and measured orthostatic hypotension. In all domains tested there was a relationship between the log odds of PD risk and dysfunction using linear regression.ConclusionThis study provides strong evidence that non-motor features are prominent in at-risk indi- viduals, as well as mild motor impairment, and that these symptoms and signs are similar to patients with established PD. Further follow-up will establish which patients develop the cardinal motor signs necessary for a clinical diagnosis of PD.
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Sheehy, Lisa, Anne Taillon-Hobson, Heidi Sveistrup, Martin Bilodeau, Christine Yang, Vivian Welch, and Hillel Finestone. "Home-Based Nonimmersive Virtual Reality Training After Discharge From Inpatient or Outpatient Stroke Rehabilitation: Parallel Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies 12 (March 28, 2025): e64729. https://doi.org/10.2196/64729.
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Background Nonimmersive virtual reality training (NIVRT) can be used to continue rehabilitative exercise for stroke recovery at home after discharge from inpatient or outpatient therapy. Objective The objectives of this randomized controlled feasibility trial were to assess home-based NIVRT as telerehabilitation with patients living with stroke, and its potential to improve standing function and gait. Methods Patients approaching discharge from inpatient or outpatient stroke rehabilitation were randomly allocated to NIVRT or iPad interventions. NIVRT provided interactive games and exercises designed to improve balance, stepping, and aerobic capacity. iPad apps addressed cognition and fine motor skills. Participants were visited in their homes by a physiotherapist, taught to use the program, and asked to do 30 minutes of exercise 5 days a week for 6 weeks, asynchronously. Feasibility was assessed by measuring recruitment, adherence, ability to set up and learn NIVRT, enjoyment, intent to continue, perception of impact, and safety. Participants completed assessments of standing balance, gait, and general function, before and after the intervention, by a blinded assessor. Results NIVRT participants (n=11; 10 male participants; mean age 64, SD 12 years) did an average of 26 sessions (total 700 minutes), while iPad participants (n=9; 6 male participants; mean age 61, SD 20 years) did an average of 33 sessions (total 1241 minutes). Space was tight in 5 homes. All but 1 participant learned NIVRT and progressed. Most enjoyed it and felt that it improved their recovery. There were no serious adverse events. Most assessments showed improvement over time for both groups. Conclusions Home-based NIVRT is safe and feasible to continue rehabilitative exercise after discharge. More research on efficacy and effectiveness in this population is required. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03261713; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03261713 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s13063-019-3438-9
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Hortobágyi, Tibor, Dorina Deák, Dóra Farkas, Eszter Blényesi, Katalin Török, Urs Granacher, and József Tollár. "Effects of Exercise Dose and Detraining Duration on Mobility at Late Midlife: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Gerontology 67, no. 4 (2021): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513505.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Office workers near retirement tend to be sedentary and can be prone to mobility limitations and diseases. We examined the dose effects of exergaming volume and duration of detraining on motor and cognitive function in office workers at late midlife to reduce sedentariness and mobility limitations. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In an assessor-blinded randomized trial, 160 workers aged 55–65 years performed physically active video games in a nonimmersive form of virtual reality (exergaming) in small, supervised groups for 1 h, 1×, 2×, or 3×/week for 8 weeks followed by detraining for 8 and 16 weeks. Exergaming comprises high-intensity, full-body sensorimotor coordination, balance, endurance, and strengthening exercises. The primary outcome was the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and secondary outcomes were body mass, self-reported physical activity, sleep quality, Berg Balance Scale, Short Physical Performance Battery, fast gait speed, dynamic balance, heart rate recovery after step test, and 6 cognitive tests. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The 3 groups were not different in any of the outcomes at baseline (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). The outcomes were stable and had acceptable reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥0.334) over an 8-week control period. Training produced an inverted U-shaped dose response of no (1×), most (2×), and medium (3×/week) effects of exergaming volume in most motor and selected cognitive outcomes. The distance walked in the 6MWT (primary outcome) increased most (94 m, 19%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), medium (57 m, 12%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), and least (4 m, 1%) after exergaming 2×, 3×, or 0× (control) (all different <i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest responders tended to retain the exercise effects over 8 weeks of detraining, independent of training volume. This maintenance effect was less consistent after 16 weeks of detraining. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Less was more during training and lasted longer after detraining. A medium dose volume of exergaming produced the largest clinically meaningful improvements in mobility and selected cognitive tests in 60-year-old office workers with mild mobility limitations and intact cognition.
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Osuka, Yosuke, Narumi Kojima, Masamitsu Sugie, Takuya Omura, Keiko Motokawa, Takuya Ueda, Kazushi Maruo, et al. "Effects of a home-based Radio-Taiso exercise programme on health-related quality of life in older adults with frailty: protocol for an assessor-blind randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e063201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063201.
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IntroductionFew clinical trials have examined the effects of home-based exercise programmes on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in older adults with frailty. Radio-Taiso is the most famous exercise programme in Japan. A home-based Radio-Taiso exercise programme may serve as an accessible, scalable and sustainable care intervention for older adults with frailty. The primary aim of this trial is to test whether older adults with frailty who are prescribed our home-based Radio-Taiso exercise programme will receive greater benefits for HR-QoL compared with those who are not prescribed the exercise programme. Potential mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of the programme and the effects of the programme on daily lifestyle will also be investigated.Methods and analysisThis assessor-blind randomised controlled trial will be conducted at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) in Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan. From April to May 2022, 226 older adults with prefrailty or frailty according to the revised Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria will be included from a large database. After a baseline assessment in June 2022, participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention (home-based Radio-Taiso exercise and nutrition programme) or control (nutrition programme) groups at a 1:1 ratio. After intervention completion, a follow-up assessment will be conducted in September 2022. The primary outcome is the change in the mental domain of HR-QoL assessed using SF-36. Secondary outcomes include physical and role/social domains and subscales of HR-QoL, frailty phenotype, physical fitness, posture, cognition, exercise self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, social network, habitual energy intake, physical activity and sleep conditions.Ethics and disseminationThe Research Ethics Committee of TMIG has approved the research protocol. This trial will be conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The findings will be presented at international academic conferences and published in peer-reviewed international journals.Trial registration numberUMIN000047229.
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Rodriguez-Jimenez, R., Á. Sánchez-Cabezudo, M. Scala, L. García-Fernández, L. Sánchez-Pastor, D. Rentero, I. Martínez-Gras, et al. "Relationship between different PANSS cognitive factors and cognition assessed with MCCB in patients with first psychotic episode of schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (April 2024): S292—S293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.609.
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IntroductionThe Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) has been used as a universal instrument for clinical assessment of psychopathology in schizophrenia. Different studies have analyzed the factorial structure of this scale and have suggested a five-factor model: positive, negative, excited, depressive, and cognitive/disorganized factors. Two of the most used models are the Marder´s solution and the Wallwork´s one.ObjectivesThe aim of this work was to study the correlations of the two cognitive factors (Marder and Wallwork) with a cognitive assessment performed with a standard cognitive battery, in a sample of patients with first psychotic episode of schizophrenia.MethodsSeventy four patients with first psychotic episode of schizophrenia (26.9, SD:7.8 years old; 70.3% male) were included. The cognitive assessment was performed with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). The MCCB present seven cognitive domains: Speed of processing, Working memory, Attention/Vigilance, Verbal Learning, Visual Learning, Reasoning and Problem Solving, and Social cognition). Pearson correlations were performed between MCCB scores and Marder´s PANSS cognitive factor (P2, N5, G5, G10, G11, G13, G15) and Wallwork´s one (P2, N5, G11).ResultsCorrelation between MCCB scores and cognitive factors of Marder and Wallwork can be seen in the table.Marder´s cognitive factorWallwork´s cognitive factorSpeed of processingr = -0.461; p<0.001r = -0.455; p<0.001Attention/Vigilancer = -0.414; p<0.001r = -0.415; p<0.001Working memoryr = -0.449; p<0.001r = -0.468; p<0.001Verbal Learningr = -0.511; p<0.001r = -0.405; p<0.001Visual Learningr = -0.252; p=0.024r = -0.254; p=0.029Reasoning and Problem Solvingr = -0.244; p=0.036r = -0.272; p=0.019Social cognitionr = -0.268; p=0.024r = -0.202; p=0.091ConclusionsBoth PANSS cognition factors show a moderate correlations with Speed of processing, Working memory, Attention/Vigilance and Verbal Learning assessed by MCCB. More discrete correlations were found with Visual Learning, Reasoning and Problem Solving, and with Social cognition (in fact, non-significant correlation with Wallwork´s cognitive factor was found).Acknowledgements. This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the project PI19/00766 and co-funded by the European Union.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Maric, Marija, David A. Heyne, Peter de Heus, Brigit M. van Widenfelt, and P. Michiel Westenberg. "The Role of Cognition in School Refusal: An Investigation of Automatic Thoughts and Cognitive Errors." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 40, no. 3 (June 29, 2011): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465811000427.
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Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cognitions of anxious school refusers. The cognitive constructs under investigation included negative cognition commonly linked to youth anxiety (i.e. negative automatic thoughts and cognitive errors) and positive automatic thoughts. Method: The cognition of school refusers (n = 50) and youth from a community sample (n = 181) was assessed with the Children's Automatic Thoughts Scale-Negative/Positive and the Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire-Revised. Results: When controlling for anxiety, school refusers were found to report more negative automatic thoughts concerning personal failure, fewer negative automatic thoughts concerning hostility, and fewer positive automatic thoughts. Negative automatic thoughts concerning personal failure and hostility, and the negative cognitive error of overgeneralizing were found to independently predict school refusal. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of further researching the role of cognition in the development, maintenance, and treatment of anxiety-based school refusal.
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Wenborn, Jennifer, Aidan G. O’Keeffe, Gail Mountain, Esme Moniz-Cook, Michael King, Rumana Z. Omar, Jacqueline Mundy, et al. "Community Occupational Therapy for people with dementia and family carers (COTiD-UK) versus treatment as usual (Valuing Active Life in Dementia [VALID]) study: A single-blind, randomised controlled trial." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): e1003433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003433.
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Background We aimed to estimate the clinical effectiveness of Community Occupational Therapy for people with dementia and family carers–UK version (Community Occupational Therapy in Dementia–UK version [COTiD-UK]) relative to treatment as usual (TAU). We hypothesised that COTiD-UK would improve the ability of people with dementia to perform activities of daily living (ADL), and family carers’ sense of competence, compared with TAU. Methods and findings The study design was a multicentre, 2-arm, parallel-group, assessor-masked, individually randomised controlled trial (RCT) with internal pilot. It was conducted in 15 sites across England from September 2014 to January 2018. People with a diagnosis of mild to moderate dementia living in their own home were recruited in pairs with a family carer who provided domestic or personal support for at least 4 hours per week. Pairs were randomised to either receive COTiD-UK, which comprised 10 hours of occupational therapy delivered over 10 weeks in the person with dementia’s home or TAU, which comprised the usual local service provision that may or may not include standard occupational therapy. The primary outcome was the Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale (BADLS) score at 26 weeks. Secondary outcomes for the person with dementia included the following: the BADLS scores at 52 and 78 weeks, cognition, quality of life, and mood; and for the family carer: sense of competence and mood; plus the number of social contacts and leisure activities for both partners. Participants were analysed by treatment allocated. A total of 468 pairs were recruited: people with dementia ranged from 55 to 97 years with a mean age of 78.6 and family carers ranged from 29 to 94 with a mean of 69.1 years. Of the people with dementia, 74.8% were married and 19.2% lived alone. Of the family carers, 72.6% were spouses, and 22.2% were adult children. On randomisation, 249 pairs were assigned to COTiD-UK (62% people with dementia and 23% carers were male) and 219 to TAU (52% people with dementia and 32% carers were male). At the 26 weeks follow-up, data were available for 364 pairs (77.8%). The BADLS score at 26 weeks did not differ significantly between groups (adjusted mean difference estimate 0.35, 95% CI −0.81 to 1.51; p = 0.55). Secondary outcomes did not differ between the groups. In total, 91% of the activity-based goals set by the pairs taking part in the COTiD-UK intervention were fully or partially achieved by the final COTiD-UK session. Study limitations include the following: Intervention fidelity was moderate but varied across and within sites, and the reliance on primarily proxy data focused on measuring the level of functional or cognitive impairment which may not truly reflect the actual performance and views of the person living with dementia. Conclusions Providing community occupational therapy as delivered in this study did not improve ADL performance, cognition, quality of life, or mood in people with dementia nor sense of competence or mood in family carers. Future research should consider measuring person-centred outcomes that are more meaningful and closely aligned to participants’ priorities, such as goal achievement or the quantity and quality of activity engagement and participation. Trial Registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN10748953.
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Iakovets, Iryna. "Quality of legislation in the field of intellectual property rights protection: basic approaches to understanding." Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property, no. 6 (December 17, 2023): 5–12. https://doi.org/10.33731/62023.293210.
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The process of formation and development of the legal system in general and in the field of intellectual property protection requires knowledge of the methodology, theory, and practice of using lawmaking tools that harmoniously combine the properties of social, scientific validity and practical significance. The key point in this process is the problem of the quality of legislation, and therefore the issue of its study is relevant for the further development of the basic (initial) provisions of the science of intellectual property law and the branch of legislation in the field of protection of such rights. The issues of defining the category «quality of legislation in the field of intellectual property rights protection» and its content remain unexploredeven at the basic level. This hinders the process of regulatory changes in terms of the quality of legislation and does not ensure a unified approach to these issues.The article examines the issue of defining the category «quality of legislation in the field of intellectual property rights protection. Based on the starting points available in other branches of scientific knowledge, the key of which is the understanding of quality as a measure, the author proposes to define the quality of laws in the field of intellectual property rights protection as the ability of the properties and features of an act to ensure the achievement of the goals set when it was adopted, which is assessed by the relevant entities based on certain criteria and should be used with a view to implementing measures to improve regulatory regulation in the field of intellectual property rights protection.In turn, the assessment of the quality of legislation in the field of intellectual property rights protection is a process of cognition and subsequent provision by the assessor of considerations regarding the ability of this branch of legislation to meet the needs of the relevant category of persons. Under such conditions, the quality of legislation in the field of intellectual property rights protection appears as a comparative value, a measure of manifestation, relative importance, measured by the level of satisfaction of a group of subjects, considering the goals set when adopting the relevant act.
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Tan, Eric, Susan Rossell, and Stuart Lee. "S237. MODERATORS AND RELATIONSHIPS OF COGNITION AND SUBJECTIVE QUALITY OF LIFE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.303.
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Abstract Background The relationship between cognitive impairments and subjective quality of life (sQOL) in schizophrenia remains indeterminate, relative to studies of objective QOL (oQOL), despite much previous work. This study sought to better characterise the cognition-sQOL relationship in schizophrenia by 1) examining associations between factor analysis-derived cognitive domains and sQOL, 2) investigating if these domains predicted sQOL over other demographic and clinical variables, and 3) exploring if clinical, demographic and functional variables moderated the significant relationships. Methods 47 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder patients (age: M=43.72, SD=11.35) and 48 healthy controls (age: M=39.82, SD=13.89) were assessed. QOL was measured using the Lehman’s QOL Interview. Composite scores were created to represent oQOL and sQOL, and factor analysis (principal axis factoring with varimax rotation) assessed for latent domains within 14 cognitive tasks. Symptomatology was assessed using the PANSS and MADRS. Pearson’s correlations and a stepwise linear regression were conducted to examine the associations between cognition and sQOL before the moderation analyses. Results Three cognitive domains were derived: visuospatial planning, verbal linguistic and inhibition switching. Only tasks comprising the verbal linguistic cognitive domain were significantly associated with, and predicted, sQOL (p<.05). Moderation analyses revealed that the direction of this relationship differed between patients and healthy controls (p<.05), and was moderated in patients only by positive symptom severity (p<.05). Discussion The relationship between cognition and sQOL in schizophrenia is determined by, and more associated with, meaning-based cognitions. It is affected by symptomatology, notably positive symptoms, which lead to worsening sQOL among those with more intact verbal linguistic processing.
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Britton, Karysa, Zoe Hawks, and Martin Sliwinski. "RESEARCH ADVANCES USING DIGITAL METHODS TO ASSESS COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (December 2024): 676–77. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.2210.
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Abstract This symposium highlights the use of digital methods to assess and contextualize cognition in older adults. Across five talks, we consider several digital cognitive assessment methods, including self-administered computerized tests and smartphone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs). First, Dr. Louisa Thompson reports findings on the utility and acceptability of using well-validated, reliable digital cognitive assessments to screen for cognitive decline among older adults in primary care settings. Second, Dr. Zoë Hawks uses EMA and passive data from wearable sensors to investigate links between glucose and cognition in relation to neuropsychiatric risk. Third, Hannah Wilks discusses the importance of assessing both environmental and affective influences when examining cognition via EMA in individuals with symptoms of dementia. Fourth, Dr. Karina Van Bogart uses multilevel modeling to examine associations between levels of loneliness and self-reported memory lapses among older adults. Finally, Dr. Emorie Beck examines psychosocial influences on diurnal cycles of cognitive variation. Together, Dr. Martin Sliwinski will draw connections between research showcasing how digital methods can be employed to promote routine screening for cognitive decline, elucidate contextual factors that contribute to cognitive variation in older adults, and assess unique influences of individual differences on cognitive performance.
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張效通, 張效通, and 陳清茂 Hsiao-Tung Chang. "建築能效標示制度認知與政策工具運用關聯性分析." 建築學報 125, no. 125增刊 (December 2023): 019–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/101632122023120125008.
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<p>2021年住商部門佔總排碳量，全國約占21.9%，台北市約佔75.88%。各國皆認為建築能源效率會是住商部門能否達到淨零排放的重要指標，無不積極推動建築能效標示；不過能效標示必須搭配自願性或強制性的政策工具才會發生效果。文獻回顧發現標示制度成功與否取決於標示「感知」、「品質」及「信任」三面向的發展程度。本研究歸納3面向的8個認知構面及其16項評估項目與7項政策工具，經問卷抽樣調查分析，發現「信任」面向之6項重要評估項目最受重視，其中以「評估人員條件」、「培訓認可條件」及「抽複查機制」3項評估項目對標示公信力影響最大。至於「感知」面向則僅有「與建築節能相關職業」(即資訊提供族群)的認知程度較高，未與建築節能議題接觸者，感知普遍不足，與從事建築職業無關。另外，彙整出7項政策工具之評估項目相關性分析表，自願性政策工具明顯較強制性政策工具受青睞；「強制性」的政策工具著重於「標示機構公正性」與「評估人員專業性」，不論是資訊提供或接收者，認知一致，為該政策工具之重點施政作為。「經濟手段」的政策工具，並無偏重那個面向，應從各面向並進，惟職業別與居住地區別特徵認知差異大，應針對不同族群調整施政作法，「資訊透明化」之政策工具，著重於機構公正性、辦理程序嚴謹性，應防止制度容易發生弊端的問題，並彙整出政策工具與評估項目之相關性分析表，供後續推動政策工具的參考。</p> <p> </p><p>In terms of the total carbon emissions accounted for by the residential and commercial sector in 2021, it accounts for approximately 21.9% nationwide and 75.88% in Taipei City. Various countries believe that building energy efficiency will be an important indicator of whether the residential and commercial sectors can achieve net-zero emissions, so they all actively promote building energy efficiency labels; however, energy efficiency labels must be paired with voluntary or mandatory policies to be effective. A review of the literature found that the success of a labeling system usually depends on the degree to which the public has developed three aspects of labeling: "perception", "quality" and "trust". This study summarized the 8 cognitive aspects of the 3 aspects and their 16 evaluation items and 7 policy Instruments. After a questionnaire survey and analysis, it was found that the 6 important evaluation items of the "trust" aspect received the most attention, among which the "evaluator" was the most important. The three evaluation items, "Conditions", "Training Accreditation Conditions" and "Spot Review Mechanism" have the greatest impact on the credibility of the label. As for the "perception" aspect, only "occupations related to building energy conservation" (that is, the information providing group) have a higher level of awareness. Those who have not been exposed to building energy conservation issues generally have insufficient awareness, which has nothing to do with being engaged in the construction profession. In addition, a correlation analysis table of the evaluation items of 7 policy Instruments was compiled. Voluntary policy Instruments are obviously more popular than mandatory policy Instruments; "mandatory" policy Instruments focus on "marking the impartiality of the organization" and "professionalism of the assessor". "Sex", whether the information provider or the receiver has a consistent understanding, is the key governance action of this policy Instrument. The policy Instrument of "economic means" does not focus on one aspect. It should be based on all aspects. However, there are great differences in the recognition of the distinguishing characteristics of occupational gender and place of residence. Governance practices should be adjusted according to different ethnic groups. The policy Instrument of "information transparency" focuses on Regarding the fairness of the institution and the rigor of the processing procedures, we should prevent problems that are prone to malpractice in the system, and compile a correlation analysis table of policy Instruments and assessment items for reference in the subsequent promotion of policy Instruments.</p> <p> </p>
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Cortina, Melissa, Helen E. Jack, Rebecca Pearson, Kathleen Kahn, Stephen Tollman, Tintswalo Hlungwani, Rhian Twine, Alan Stein, and Mina Fazel. "Relationship between children’s cognitions and later educational progress in rural South Africa: a longitudinal study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211361.
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BackgroundChildren in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) who remain in school have better health and employment outcomes. South Africa, like many LMICs, has a secondary school completion rate under 50%, leaving room for improvement if we can identify factors that affect educational attainment. This is the first longitudinal study to examine the effects of childhood mental health and cognitions on educational outcomes in LMIC.MethodsUsing the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children (CTI-C), we assessed the psychological functioning and cognition of children aged 10–12 in rural South Africa. We linked that data with measures of educational progress collected 5 years later and examined associations between educational progress and (1) behavioural and emotional problems and (2) cognitive interpretations, adjusting for possible confounders.ResultsEducational data were available for 443 individuals. 92% (n=408) of individuals had advanced three or fewer grades in 7 years. Having more positive cognitions (CTIC-C) was positively associated with progressing at least three grade levels (adjusted OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.79). There was no evidence for an association between emotional and behavioural problems (SDQ) and educational progress (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.11).ConclusionIf children in LMICs can develop more positive perspectives, they may be able to stay in school longer. Cognitions can be modified, and future studies should test interventions that work to improve cognition in childhood, guided, for example, by principles of cognitive–behavioural therapy.
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Kelly, Adrian B., and W. Kim Halford. "The Generalisation of Cognitive Behavioural Marital Therapy in Behavioural, Cognitive and Physiological Domains." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 23, no. 4 (October 1995): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800016490.
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The limited effectiveness of cognitive behavioural marital therapy (CBMT) for some couples may be due to a failure to achieve generalized changes in behavioural, cognitive or physiological responses during marital interaction. In the present study an intra-subject replication design across five maritally distressed couples assessed changes associated with CMBT in behaviour, cognitions, and physiological arousal during marital communication. These response domains were assessed weekly in both clinic and home settings. Introduction of CBMT was associated with clear reductions in behavioural negativity in both settings for all couples, some variable cognitive changes across couples and settings, but no consistent change in physiological arousal across couples or settings. Physiological responding was asynchronous with behaviour and cognition. Further research is needed on the significance of physiological arousal in marital distress, and the importance of changes in physiological responding during marital interaction to marital therapy outcome.
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Hautekeete, M., D. Servant, S. Carton, C. Lamirand, CH Allard, and PJ Parquet. "Depressive cognition in panic disorder: assessment of negative automatic thoughts." European Psychiatry 7, no. 6 (1992): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924933800002169.
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SummaryAlthough panic disorder has been ranked as an ‘anxiety disorder', its close relationship to depression has been suggested in pharmacological and clinical studies. Validation of this hypothesis of similarity between panic and depression requires that their common psychological characteristics be clearly evidenced, especially from the cognitive/emotional standpoint. We assessed 13 depressive themes from Beck's Cognition Checklist, to explore negative automatic thoughts in three groups of patients defined, according to DSM III-R criteria, as: major depression (n = 16), panic disorder (n = 19), social phobia (n = 11). We found a strong similarity in the ordering and regrouping of the depressive themes, between depressive and panic disorder patients, and no similarity with social phobics. These results suggest that panic disorder cognitions may be closer to depressive cognition than social phobia cognition.
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Srivastava, Hemant, Allen Joop, Raima A. Memon, Jennifer Pilkington, Kimberly H. Wood, Marissa Natelson Love, and Amy W. Amara. "Taking the Time to Assess Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease: The Clock Drawing Test." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-212802.
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Background: Cognitive impairment is common and disabling in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Cognitive testing can be time consuming in the clinical setting. One rapid test to detect cognitive impairment in non-PD populations is the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), which calls upon the brain’s executive and visuospatial abilities to draw a clock designating a certain time. Objective: Test the hypothesis that PD participants would perform worse on CDT compared to controls and that CDT would correlate with other measures of cognition. Methods: This study evaluated two independent CDT scoring systems and differences in CDT performance between PD (N = 97) and control (N = 54) participants using a two-sample t-test. Pearson’s correlations were conducted between the CDT and tests of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Test); executive function (Trails B-A); and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine cut points on the CDT that identify individuals who need additional cognitive testing. Results: PD participants had worse performance on CDT compared to controls. The CDT was correlated with executive function (Trails B-A) and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The CDT correlated with vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Task) only in healthy controls. However, the CDT was not correlated with measures of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) in either group. A cut point of 9 on the Rouleau scale and 18 on the Mendez scale identified PD participants with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The CDT is a rapid clinical cognitive assessment that is feasible in PD and correlates with other measures of cognition.
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Matallana, Diana, Juanita Gempeler Rueda, Maritza Rodríguez Guarín, Pilar Otero, Diana Giraldo Arango, María Poveda, Nina Rangel-Gamboa, and Hernando Santamaría-García. "Processing of novel stimuli as cognitive remediation therapy in patients with eating disorder / Procesamiento de estímulos novedosos como terapia de remediación cognitiva en pacientes con trastorno alimentario." Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios 9, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2018.1.446.
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Abstract Previous studies have shown the usefulness of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) in patients with eating disorders (ED). The objective of this study was to assess a new cognitive technique called "With the head in the clouds" (WHC). A total of 22 women with ED (13 with anorexia nervosa and 9 with bulimia nervosa), between 14 and 29 years (M = 19.0, SD = 3.4), completed the six group sessions of this technique. Under a design pre-post intervention, participants were assessed in: visuo-constructive functions (Copy of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure [CRCF]), creative thinking (Torrance Creative Thinking Test [TCTT]), cognitive flexibility (CRCF and TCTT) and cognitive control (Stroop Test). The intervention improved different cognitive domains, such as: greater global coherence, creative thinking and resistance to closure, as well as less fragmentation. Based on CRT, aimed at stimulating the new processing of visual stimuli, the technique WHC showed an improvement in some of the cognitive processes involved in the onset of symptoms in patients with ED. Resumen Estudios previos han indicado la utilidad de la terapia de remediación cognitiva (TRC) en pacientes con trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar una nueva técnica de innovación cognitiva llamada “Con la cabeza en las nubes” (CCN). Participaron 22 mujeres con TCA (13 con anorexia nerviosa y 9 con bulimia nerviosa), de entre 14 y 29 años de edad (M = 19.0, DE = 3.4), quienes completaron las seis sesiones grupales de que consta dicha técnica. Bajo un diseño pre-post intervención, las participantes fueron evaluadas en cuanto a: funciones viso-constructivas (Copia de la Figura Compleja de Rey-Osterrieth [CFCR]), pensamiento creativo (Test de Pensamiento Creativo de Torrance [TPCT]), flexibilidad cognitiva (CFCR y TPCT) y control cognitivo (Test de Stroop). La intervención generó una mejora en distintos dominios cognitivos, como son: mayor coherencia global, pensamiento creativo y resistencia al cierre, así como menor fragmentación. Basada en la TRC, encaminada a estimular el procesamiento novedoso de estímulos visuales, la técnica CCN mostró mejorar algunos de los procesos cognitivos implicados en la generación de los síntomas de pacientes con TCA.
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Ekdahl, Anne Wissendorff, Anna Axmon, Magnus Sandberg, and Katarina Steen Carlsson. "Is care based on comprehensive geriatric assessment with mobile teams better than usual care? A study protocol of a randomised controlled trial (The GerMoT study)." BMJ Open 8, no. 10 (October 2018): e023969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023969.
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IntroductionComprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional, interdisciplinary diagnostic process used to determine the medical, psychological and functional capabilities of frail older people. The primary aim of our current study is to confirm whether CGA-based outpatient care is superior than usual care in terms of health-related outcomes, resource use and costs.Methods and analysisThe Geriatric Mobile Team trial is designed as a single-centre randomised, controlled, assessor-blinded (at baseline) trial. All participants will be identified via local healthcare registries with the following inclusion criteria: age ≥75 years, ≥3 different diagnoses and ≥3 visits to the emergency care unit (with or without admittance to hospital) during the past 18 months. Nursing home residency will be an exclusion criterion. Baseline assessments will be done before the 1:1 randomisation. Participants in the intervention group will, after an initial CGA, have access to care given by a geriatric team in addition to usual care. The control group receives usual care only. The primary outcome is the total number of inpatient days during the follow-up period. Assessments of the outcomes: mortality, quality of life, health care use, physical functional level, frailty, dependence and cognition will be performed 12 and 24 months after inclusion. Both descriptive and analytical statistics will be used, in order to compare groups and for analyses of outcomes over time including changes therein. The primary outcome will be analysed using analysis of variance, including in-transformed values if needed to achieve normal distribution of the residuals.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained and the results will be disseminated in national and international journals and to health care leaders and stakeholders. Protocol amendments will be published in ClinicalTrials.gov as amendments to the initial registrationNCT02923843. In case of success, the study will promote the implementation of CGA in outpatient care settings and thereby contribute to an improved care of older people with multimorbidity through dissemination of the results through scientific articles, information to politicians and to the public.Trial registration numberNCT02923843; Pre-results.
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KOBETS, Dmytro, and Lesia VOLIANSKA-SAVCHUK. "ADAPTATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF MARKETING PERSONNEL ROLES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITALIZATION." Regional’ni aspekti rozvitku produktivnih sil Ukraїni, no. 28 (2023): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/rarrpsu2023.28.124.
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Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is defined by the global transformations in the marketing sphere that are happening under the influence of the rapid development and implementation of digitalization technologies. This fundamentally changes the conditions, content and nature of marketing specialists' work, determining completely new analytical and communication challenges. However, currently there is a lack of comprehensive developments regarding the specifics of marketers' adaptation to the updated realities of the digital age and the features of the transformation of their professional roles. So the chosen issue for analysis is extremely relevant. Goal. To identify key challenges facing marketers in the context of digitalization of business based on the systematization of scientific views and the author's interpretation; to outline necessary adaptation measures; characterize the transformation of the professional roles of a senior marketer as a specialist responsible for developing a marketing strategy. Methods. To achieve this goal, a set of general scientific methods of cognition was used, which ensured the consistency and logical consistency of the conclusions. Results. It is proved that in an era of pervasive digitalization, the role of a marketer is transformed towards strengthening his analytical and prognostic functions. It is proved that marketers face fundamental challenges associated with a sharp increase in data volumes, the need to master new methods of processing them, the formation of new communication practices with consumers and staff. It is established that against the background of digitalization the professional roles of a senior marketer are being transformed, who takes on new functions as an analyzer of creative ideas, an assessor of business prospects, a guarantor of the company's image, a consultant and coach on effective communications, which requires him to master a number of soft and hard skills, as well as adaptation to the modern digital environment. Conclusions. The results indicate the expediency of developing practical recommendations for the formation of adaptive marketing models against the background of digital transformations, which could become an area for further research.
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Adornetti, Julianna, Zhiwei Zhao, Kristine Wilckens, Christine Wade, Avelino Verceles, Shuo Chen, Daniel Buysse, and Emerson Wickwire. "0412 Multimethod Remote Assessment of Cognition Among Older Adults with Insomnia." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0412.
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Abstract Introduction Cognitive complaints are common among older adults with insomnia. However, previous research is inconsistent regarding the association between insomnia and objective cognitive function. The purpose of this study was to compare subjective and objective cognitive function between older adults with insomnia and healthy sleepers. We hypothesized that relative to healthy sleepers, older adults with insomnia would display diminished subjective and objective cognitive function as measured via multiple remote assessment methods. Methods Participants were recruited from an academic medical center through multiple pathways. Cognitive assessments were administered via several approaches. First, subjective cognitive function was assessed via the 5-item Alert Cognition subscale of the psychometrically derived Daytime Insomnia Symptoms Scale (DISS), completed via smartphone 4x/day throughout a two-week study period (i.e., 56 administrations over 14 days). Second, objective cognitive function was assessed via telephone using the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT), which assesses memory, reasoning, verbal fluency, and executive function. Finally, the psychomotor vigilance task [PVT], Stroop test, and a task-switching exercise were administered remotely via participant’s home desktop computer. Results Participants included 31 older adults who met DSM-V diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder (67.5 [sd 6.6] years) and 33 older adults without sleep disorders (70.5 [sd 5.7] years). Large between-group differences were observed in the Alert Cognition subscale of the DISS (p-values < 0.0001); compared to healthy sleeper controls, participants with insomnia reported worsened forgetfulness, concentration, alertness, clear-headedness, and cognitive effort. No between-groups differences were observed in any domain of the BTACT or PVT. A numeric but not statistically significant between-groups difference was observed in overall response speed (e.g., Incongruent Response Time) on the Stroop test (p-values > 0.125). Conclusion Remote assessment of cognition is feasible among older adults with insomnia. Significant differences in subjective but not objective cognitive function, likely due to low statistical power, as cognitive deficits in insomnia tend to have small effect sizes. Overall, findings highlight the importance of multimethod assessments of cognition in older adults with insomnia and need for large sample sizes when evaluating objective cognitive function. Support (if any) Research was supported by an investigator-initiated research award from Merck Investigator Studies Program (PI: EMW).
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Zauszniewski, Jaclene A. "The Depressive Cognition Scale: Further Psychometric Evaluation." Journal of Nursing Measurement 5, no. 2 (January 1997): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.5.2.191.
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Depressive cognitions often precede the development of affective and behavioral symptoms of depression. Cognitive factors have been shown to influence the development of depression in older adults and thus identification of depressive cognitions is important for prevention of clinical depression and early intervention. The Depressive Cognition Scale (DCS) assesses cognitions that may precipitate clinical depression, and it has been found to be internally consistent and to demonstrate construct validity with measures of psychosocial development. This psychometric investigation was designed to further examine the construct validity of the DCS through comparison with measures of hypothetically related constructs. An alpha of .78 indicated acceptable internal consistency. Construct validity was demonstrated by significant correlations with measures of depression, resourcefulness, adaptive functioning, and life satisfaction. The study, conducted with 160 healthy elders, provides additional support for the reliability and validity of the DCS and yields promising evidence of its usefulness with elderly persons.
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Maltseva, Kateryna. "Bridging sociology with anthropology and cognitive science perspectives to assess shared cultural knowledge." Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, stmm 2020 (1) (March 16, 2020): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sociology2020.01.108.
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Following the cognitive revolution of the 1960s, cultural variation in behavior and knowledge has been a long-standing subject in social sciences. The “cognitive turn” in sociology brought to light many interesting issues and complex questions. The present publication addresses both theoretical and — to some extent — methodological challenges faced by the sociologists engaged in researching shared cultural variation within the culture-and-cognition research agenda, and compares it with the status quo in cousin social sciences that share the same cognitive perspective on culture. I specifically focus on the conceptual junctures that follow from the assumptions of shared cultural knowledge and intersubjectively shared cultural worldviews to highlight the important features of culture which can be effectively used for quantitative assessment of complex cultural processes. While I discuss various aspects of the findings and failings attributable to the culture-and-cognition research direction, my principal concern centers on encouraging more enhanced and sensitized interdisciplinary communication, as well as maximized intersections between cognitively oriented studies of culture in different social sciences, to bring the sociological studies of culture and cognition to full fruition.
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Bieri, Rahel, Michael Jäger, Nicole Gruber, Tobias Nef, René M. Müri, and Urs P. Mosimann. "A novel computer test to assess driving-relevant cognitive functions – a pilot study." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 2 (October 29, 2013): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021300183x.
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ABSTRACTBackground:The assessment of driving-relevant cognitive functions in older drivers is a difficult challenge as there is no clear-cut dividing line between normal cognition and impaired cognition and not all cognitive functions are equally important for driving.Methods:To support decision makers, the Bern Cognitive Screening Test (BCST) for older drivers was designed. It is a computer-assisted test battery assessing visuo-spatial attention, executive functions, eye–hand coordination, distance judgment, and speed regulation. Here we compare the performance in BCST with the performance in paper and pencil cognitive screening tests and the performance in the driving simulator testing of 41 safe drivers (without crash history) and 14 unsafe drivers (with crash history).Results:Safe drivers performed better than unsafe drivers in BCST (Mann–Whitney U test: U = 125.5; p = 0.001) and in the driving simulator (Student's t-test: t(44) = –2.64, p = 0.006). No clear group differences were found in paper and pencil screening tests (p > 0.05; ns). BCST was best at identifying older unsafe drivers (sensitivity 86%; specificity 61%) and was also better tolerated than the driving simulator test with fewer dropouts.Conclusions:BCST is more accurate than paper and pencil screening tests, and better tolerated than driving simulator testing when assessing driving-relevant cognition in older drivers.
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Kramer, Ueli, Guy Bodenmann, and Martin Drapeau. "Cognitive errors assessed by observer ratings in bipolar affective disorder: relationship with symptoms and therapeutic alliance." Cognitive Behaviour Therapist 2, no. 2 (June 2009): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1754470x09990043.
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AbstractThe construct of cognitive errors is clinically relevant for cognitive therapy of mood disorders. Beck's universality hypothesis postulates the relevance of negative cognitions in all subtypes of mood disorders, as well as positive cognitions for manic states. This hypothesis has rarely been empirically addressed for patients presenting bipolar affective disorder (BD). In-patients (n= 30) presenting with BD were interviewed, as were 30 participants of a matched control group. Valid and reliable observer-rater methodology for cognitive errors was applied to the session transcripts. Overall, patients make more cognitive errors than controls. When manic and depressive patients were compared, parts of the universality hypothesis were confirmed. Manic symptoms are related to positive and negative cognitive errors. These results are discussed with regard to the main assumptions of the cognitive model for depression; thus adding an argument for extending it to the BD diagnostic group, taking into consideration specificities in terms of cognitive errors. Clinical implications for cognitive therapy of BD are suggested.
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Bae, WonJin, and NamHae Jung. "The effects of cognition and visual perception on activities daily living in the elderly." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 8, no. 5 (September 21, 2024): 1614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i5.1879.
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This study aimed to investigate the influence of cognition and visual perception on activities of daily living (ADL) among community-dwelling elderly individuals. Cognition was assessed using the Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, visual perception was assessed using the Motor Free Visual Perception Test -3, and ADL were assessed using the Modified Barthel Index. The results indicated that cognition, visual perception, and ADL were all positively correlated. Additionally, both cognition and visual perception were found to impact the ADL in the elderly. This study provides evidence that can be used to develop welfare and rehabilitation programs for the elderly, focusing on managing cognitive and visual perception abilities to support independent ADL and enhance quality of life.
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Ioannou, Kalia, and Nikoletta Christodoulou. "Η επίδραση της πολυδιάστατης διδακτικής προσέγγισης και της αναπτυξιακής διδακτικής προσέγγισης στην επιστημολογική ανάπτυξη των μαθητών της Στ’ τάξης Δημοτικού σχολείου στο μάθημα των Φυσικών Επιστημών." Preschool and Primary Education 5, no. 2 (October 27, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ppej.14282.
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The present study explored the effects of a different type of teaching on epistemic cognition of 6th grade students through an intervention program in the science class. Epistemic cognition concerns how people acquire, understand, justify, change, and use knowledge (Greene, Sandoval, & Bråten, 2016). The study addressed the question of how the type of approach affected the development of epistemic cognition among young children, by extending previous research that examined the relation between epistemic cognition and intervention programmes in adults. Nine 6th grade classes completed paper-and-pencil instruments to measure their epistemic cognition and cognitive ability. Twelve of the students also participated in an individual semi-structured interview. Students’ epistemic cognition was assessed using a short version of Schommer’s questionnaire for students. The students’ cognitive ability was assessed through Raven’s Progressive Matrices (1998). The present study aspired to find which of the main approaches is more effective for the development of students’ epistemic cognition and if cognitive ability can predict epistemic cognition. Three of the classes were randomly put in the Control Group that had courses in science education, three were randomly put in the Experimental Group Α, following the multidimensional approach, and three were randomly put in the Experimental Group Β, following the developmental approach. The nine 6th grade classes completed paper-and-pencil instruments to measure their epistemic cognition and cognitive ability, to examine possible changes in epistemic cognition and a possible relation between epistemic cognition and cognitive ability. Students’ epistemic cognition was assessed using the short version of Schommer’s et al. questionnaire (2000) for young students. Students’ cognitive ability was assessed through the Raven’s Progressive Matrices (Raven, Raven, & Court, 1998). Then, twelve of these students participated in an individual semi-structured interview, where they were asked about the effectiveness of the intervention program. The results showed the effectiveness of multidimensional teaching, which is also confirmed through the analysis of qualitative data, in contrast to the developmental intervention. The analysis of the interviews showed that all students believed that truth can be found through research. Also, according to the results, the multidimensional teaching approach can predict cognitive ability at the level of epistemic cognition. The present study aims to assist in increasing students’ epistemic cognition which is so important for forming citizens capable of meeting the needs of the 21st century. The benefits that result from the long-term intervention will be communicated to the Ministry of Education and Culture and propose radical changes in the Curriculum in terms practices that could be implemented in the teaching of science that will help in the development of elementary school students΄epistemic cognition
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Addington, Jean, Huma Saeedi, and Donald Addington. "Influence of social perception and social knowledge on cognitive and social functioning in early psychosis." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 4 (October 2006): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.021022.
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BackgroundSocial cognition has been implicated in the relationship between cognition and social functioning.AimsTo test the hypothesis that social cognition mediates the relationship between cognitive and social functioning.MethodThis was a 1-year longitudinal cohort study comparing three groups: 50 people with first-episode psychosis, 53 people with multi-episode schizophrenia and 55 people without psychiatric disorder as controls. Participants were assessed on social perception, social knowledge, interpersonal problem-solving, cognition and social functioning.ResultsThere were significant associations between social cognition, cognition and social functioning in all three groups. Deficits in social cognition were stable over time. In the first two groups, controlling for social cognition reduced the relationship between cognitive and social functioning.ConclusionsThis study provides some evidence that social cognition mediates the relationship between cognitive and social functioning.
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Chen, Guanqun, Li Lin, Kun Yang, and Ying Han. "Education, APOE ε4, and Cognition in Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline with Worry in the SILCODE Study." Current Alzheimer Research 18, no. 6 (May 2021): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205018666211001105425.
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Background: Education could offer a protective effect on cognition in individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD), which is considered to be the early stage of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, the effect of education on cognition in SCD individuals with SCD-plus features is not clear. Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the effect of education on cognition in SCD individ- uals with SCD-plus features. Methods: A total of 234 individuals with SCD were included from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE). Cognition was assessed across 4 domains (memory, executive, language, and general cognitive functions). Multiple linear regression models were constructed to examine the effect of education on cognitive scores in individuals without worry (n=91) and with worry (n=143). Furthermore, we assessed differences in effects between APOE ε4 noncarriers and APOE ε4 carriers in both groups. Results : Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive effect of education on memory, executive, and language cognition in individuals without worry and all cognitive domains in individuals with worry. Furthermore, we found a positive effect of education on executive cognition in APOE ε4 noncarriers without worry and language and general cognition in APOE ε4 carriers without worry. Meanwhile, education had a positive effect on all cognitive domains in APOE ε4 noncarriers with worry and executive, language, and general cognition in APOE ε4 carriers with worry. Conclusion: This study indicates that education has the potential to delay or reduce cognitive dec- line in SCD individuals with SCD-plus features.
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Coppieters, Iris. "Decreased Regional Grey Matter Volume in Women with Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders: Relationships with Cognitive Deficits and Disturbed Pain Processing." Pain Physician 7, no. 20;7 (November 12, 2017): E1025—E1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2017.7.e1025.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (CWAD) are characterized by pain of traumatic origin, cognitive deficits, and central sensitization (CS). Previous neuroimaging studies revealed altered grey matter volume (GMV) in mild traumatic brain injury patients and chronic pain conditions also characterized by CS. It can therefore be hypothesized that GMV alterations also play a role in the persistent complaints of CWAD. However, brain alterations remain poorly investigated in these patients. Objectives: This study examined regional GMV alterations in patients with CWAD compared to patients with non-traumatic chronic idiopathic neck pain (CINP), who normally do not show CS at a group level, and healthy controls. Additionally, in both patient groups, relationships between regional GMV and measures of cognition as well as pain processing were assessed. Study Design: A cross-sectional case-control study. Setting: This study was performed at the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy of Ghent University in cooperation with the Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging. Methods: Ninety-three women (28 healthy controls, 34 CINP patients, and 31 CWAD patients) were enrolled. First, T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were acquired to examine GMV alterations in the brain regions involved in processing cognition and pain. Next, cognitive performance, pain cognitions, and CS symptoms were assessed. Finally, hyperalgesia and conditioned pain modulation efficacy were examined. Results: Regional GMV of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, left supramarginal cortex, and left posterior cingulate cortex was decreased in CWAD patients compared to healthy controls (P = 0.023; P = 0.012; P = 0.047, respectively). Additionally, GMV of the right superior parietal cortex and left posterior cingulate cortex was decreased in CWAD patients compared to CINP patients (P = 0.008; P = 0.035, respectively). Decreased regional GMV correlated with worse cognitive performance, higher maladapted pain cognitions, CS symptoms, and hyperalgesia in CWAD patients (rs = -0.515 to -0.657; P < 0.01). In CINP patients, decreased regional GMV correlated only with worse cognitive performance (rs = -0.499 to -0.619; P < 0.01), and no GMV differences compared with the controls could be revealed. Limitations: No conclusions about the causality of the observed relationships can be drawn. Conclusions: These results provide the first evidence for reduced GMV in cortical regions involved in processing cognition and pain in patients with CWAD. Accordingly, it is recommended that therapy approaches for CWAD patients should address the brain and take into account neuroplasticity of the central nervous system (CNS). Key words: Whiplash injuries, neck pain, magnetic resonance imaging, grey matter, cognitive dysfunction, pain catastrophizing, central sensitization